10 April 2020, Volume 34 Issue 4
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 681-690. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0681To investigate the radiation-induced effects of 60Co-γ ray on cutting seedlings of different rose cultivars, nine garden rose cutting seedlings, Fen Shan, Golden Scepter, Rouge Meilland, Roger Lambelin, Angela, Léonardo da Vinci, Eyes for You, Champagne and Everest Double Fragrance were irradiated at different doses (0, 25, 45, 60 and 80 Gy) by 60Co-γ ray. And the mortality rate, bud germination rate, mutation rate and the main morphological characteristics were investigated. The results showed that with radiation dose increase, mortality rate of cutting seedlings increased gradually from 33.61%(0 Gy) to 79.71%(80 Gy); the growthof rose cutting seedings was inhibited significantly, additionally, the mutation rate increased first and decreased afterwards, reached the maximum at the radiation dose of 45 Gy, which accounts for 64.70% of the total mutation(4.20‰). Furthermore, the susceptibility of different cultivars to 60Co-γ ray irradiation was variousand the semi-lethal radiation dose(LD50)was also different, the effective value was distributed between 26 and 55 Gy among different rose cultivars. Taken the mortality rate, growth condition and variation rate that affected by 60Co-γ ray irradiation together, the best dose of 60Co-γ ray irradiation for garden rose cutting seedlings was 45 Gy. The results will provide theoretical bases for the radiation breeding of rose.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 691-697. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0691To determine the effect of electron beam on tomato seeds and seedlings. The dry seeds of two tomato cultivars, Huangpenzai and 1479, were respectively irradiated by six doses of electron beam (0, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 Gy) in this study. Then analyzed the germination rate of treated seeds and the physiological and biochemical properties of corresponding seedlings. The results showed that different doses of electron beam had significantly different effects on the seed germination rate and the physiological and biochemical properties of corresponding seedlings. With the increases of electron beam dose, the germination rate of Huangpenzai and 1479 treated by 600 Gy were both decreased significantly and reduced to 97.2% and 77.2% of that of the control. In addition, with electron beam dose increasing, many osmotic substances were increased significantly, proline (Pro) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were the two most increased substances; the activities of antioxidant enzymes were also changed, but did not show a certain trend with electron beam dose increasing. The effect of electron beam on tomato seeds was different at different dose, and the effect of the same dose on different tomato varieties seeds was also significantly different. In general, Huangpenzai showed stronger radiation resistance than 1479. The study would be helpful for the application of electron beam in tomato mutation breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 698-704. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0698A SiCIPK gene (Seita.5G145900, named as SiCIPK19 temporarily) was identified in foxtail millet genome. In order to reveal the response to abiotic stress, the gene structure, protein characteristics, function, evolution and other traits of SiCIPK19 were analyzed and predicted. The real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the induced expression of SiCIPK19 under different stresses during seedling stage and by drought during key growth stages. The results showed that SiCIPK19 is located on chromosome 5 in foxtail millet genome. SiCIPK19 has a length of 1 353 bp, encodes 450 amino acids residues. The gene has no alternative splicing and intron. Functional domain analysis and multiple sequence alignment revealed that the SiCIPK19 protein has an extreme conserved sequence structure and is very similar to other plant CIPK proteins. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of SiCIPK19 was strongly up-regulated under PEG, ABA, salt and low temperature. Further studies indicated that SiCIPK19 was involved in drought stress in the jointing, booting and filling stage. It is speculated that SiCIPK19 is involved in the response to abiotic stress in foxtail millet, plays an important role at the booting stage and filling stage under drought stress. This study provided experimental date and theoretical support for further analysis on responing mechanism of CIPK to stress and improving crop stress resistance and yield using genetic engineering methods.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 705-713. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0705The LTR retrotransposon is an important component of the plant genome and plays an important role in biological research as a genetic tool. In order to explore potentially active LTR retrotransposon in Phyllostachys edulis and analyze the transposition activation mechanism of LTR retrotransposon, a typical LTR retrotransposon sequence from Phyllostachys edulis genome named PHRE8 (Phyllostachys edulis retrotransposon 8) was cloned in this study, its structural characteristics, insertion characteristics as well as evolutionary relationship were systematically analyzed, and the transcription level of PHRE8 under DNA methylation inhibitor (5-azacytidine), irradiation, high temperature, low temperature and high salt stress was detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR. The results indicate that the PHRE8 belongs to the Ty3-gypsy superfamily, has a full length of 5 296 bp with a complete GAG and POL domain and its insertion time is about 1 230 700 years. PHRE8 is a theoretically active transposon. Compared with wild seedlings, the relative expression of PHRE8 under different non-biotic stress increase. It is speculated that PHRE8 will stimulate transcriptional activity under different stress conditions, which may affect the changes of host genome structure and gene expression patterns to adapt to changes in the external environment. The identification and transcriptional pattern analysis of PHRE8 laid the theoretical foundation for further exploration of active transposons in Phyllostachys edulis.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 714-720. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0714DNA sequence alignment analysis predicts that the Fgap1 gene is an oxidative stress regulatory factor in F. graminearum. Fgap1 has binding sites on Tri5 and Tri10 genes existing in DON biosynthetic gene cluster. In order to explore the role of the transcription factor Fgap1 in Tri genes expression and DON production in F. graminearum, this study mainly analyzed the sensitivity of oxidative stress by the observation of colonial morphology, mycelial growth rate and the mycelial structure, detected the relative expression of Tri genes by real-time PCR, and determined the DON concentration by HPLC in wild type PH-1 and ⊿Fgap1 mutant. The results showed that hydrogen peroxide, menadione, tert-butanol peroxide (TBHP), potassium dichromate inhibited the growth of F. graminearum; DON production was not increased significantly in ⊿Fgap1 mutant; the expression of Fgap1 and Tri genes were up-regulated drastically under oxidative stress; Fgap1 gene expression was undetected, and Tri genes expression were down-regulated under oxidative stress in ⊿Fgap1 mutant. This study make clear of Fgap1 in sensing and transmitting oxidative stress signal, regulating Tri gene expression and DON synthesis in F. graminearum, and providing some specific theoretical basis.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 721-728. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0721To understand the colonization ability and mechanism of disease prevention of antibacterial YN201728 strain in tobacco, a green fluorescent gene labeled strain YN28-P43GFPmut3a was used to observe the colonization site and population of the endophyte dynamically in real time. Further, the relationship between the endophyte colonization and control effect of tobacco powdery mildew in greenhouse was investigated. The results showed that tobacco seeds and seedlings were treated with YN28-P43GFPmut3a fermentation broth, the labeled bacteria in the seeds was up to 2.18×106 CFU·g-1. The GFP-labeled endophyte was detected in root surface soil, rhizosphere soil, roots, stems and leaves of the seedlings, and its colonization density was shown as root surface soil>rhizosphere soil>root>stem>leaf. Confocal microscopy showed that the YN28-P43GFPmut3a mainly accumulated in root epidermis, xylem duct, stem epidermis, phloem and vascular bundle tissue, leaf surface and mesophyll cell gap, seed coat and embryo. The pot experiment revealed that the fermentation broth of YN201728 wild type and its GFP-tagged endophyte had good effects on preventing tobacco powdery mildew with validity up to 21 days. The colonization of endophytic bacteria is positively correlated with the control effect in tobacco leaves. We concluded that endophytic YN201728 had good ability in colonizing and controlling powdery mildew of tobacco and had good potential for development and utilization as biocontrol reagent, which providing a theoretical basis for biological control of tobacco diseases.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 729-734. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0729In order to obtain high-quality RNA from millet seeds, 5 different millet varieties were used as materials, the quality and purity of total RNA extracted with the method of RNAiso Plus, modified RNAiso Plus and CTAB RNA respectively were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the integrity, purity and concentration of total RNA extracted with the modified RNAiso Plus method was better than that extracted with the other two methods. High-quality, well-completed RNA can be obtained from all five millet varieties and also the millet at different germination stagewith the modified RNAiso Plus method. The isolated RNA was suitable for subsequent molecular manipulations, such as cDNA bank construction and transcriptome sequencing. This study lays a foundation for further molecular analysis. At the same time, it provides some reference for total RNA extraction from the seeds of other cereals.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 735-744. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0735In order to study the peptide components in Spirulina platensis,the free peptides in S. platensis were obtained by extracting under ultrafiltration. The information of peptide was analyzed by nanoUPLC-MS/MS and PEAKS Studio software. NCBI database and de novo sequencing analysis were utilized to analyze the sequences and relative contents of peptides. The results showed that 4,485 and 20,597 credible free peptides were obtained by NCBI database searching and de novo sequencing methods. And 1 036 proteins were matched. The distribution characteristics of free peptides are as follows: the free peptides in the NCBI database search results are mainly heptapeptide to peptide with 21 amino acids, and a few are peptides with more than 21 amino acids; The free peptides obtained with de novo sequencing are mainly dipeptide to hexadeceptide, and a few peptides are beyong the sixteen amino acids.It could be found that decapeptide had the highest percentage with about 15.95% in the database search results. And in the de novo sequencing results, pentapeptide had the highest percentage of 24.09%. In all, the distributions of free peptides in S. platensis could play an important role as basic data in the further development of protein products.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 745-751. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0745To investigate the mechanism of Na+ uptake and accumulation Lycium barbarum L. The contents of Na+and K+ in the roots of Lycium barbarum L. was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry under different salt treatments. Meanwhile, the expression levels of Na+/H+transporter and H+-ATP enzyme involved in ion transport in plasm member and tonoplast were determined by quantitative real time PCR. The results showed that the plant exhibited slow increasing in Na+ content in response to salt stress. However, the K+content increased and then decreased, the ratio of Na+/K+decreased and then increased. The expression abundance of LbSOS1、LbNHX1and LbVHA-C1 in plasm membrane and tonoplast remained relatively higher but LbHA1 increased and then decreased. Long-term stress of NaCl induced the accumulation of Na+ but decreased K+ content, and the ratio of Na+/K+ increased. Meanwhile, The expression abundance of LbSOS1、LbNHX1 increased and then decreased but LbVHA-C1and LbHA1 decreased. Significantly positive or negative correlations was found between the expression level of LbSOS1,LbNHX1,LbVHA-C1and LbHA1 and the content of Na+. That indicated retaining higher ratio of K+/Na+was one of the main ways of salt tolerance in Lycium barbarum L.under low NaCl concentration.The high express level of Na+/H+transporter and H+-ATP enzyme in plasma membrane and vacuolar membrane could excrete Na+ from the cytoplasm into vacuolar cells at the early stage of stress, but long-term time stress induced the lower expression of LbSOS1,LbNHX1,LbVHA-C1and LbHA1 and the accumulation of Na+,which contributed to the reduction of salt tolerance of Lycium barbarum L. The results of this study laid a theoretical foundation for salt-tolerance of Lycium barbarum L. and improvement of saline-alkali soil in large area.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 752-758. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0752Peanut is an important oil crop in China.Because of the narrow genetic background of cultivated peanut varieties, it was difficult to breed breakthrough new varieties via conventional breeding strategies. Creating mutants is a rapid and effective way to obtain new peanut germplasms with excellent characters,and then breed new varieties through creating mutants. In this paper, we summarized the progresses of methods for creating plant mutants, and the status and utilization of peanut mutants. The future research was also prospected. The purpose is to provide reference for researchers to create and utilize peanut mutants.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 759-769. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0759
The effects of different thawing methods on the quality of pork patties and the degree of protein oxidation was explored. The conditioned pork patties were frozen at -18 ℃, and then the frozen meat patties were thawed by four different thawing methods namely air thawing, refrigeration thawing, running water soaking and salt water soaking, respectively. The effects of different thawing methods on meat patties quality and myofibrillar protein oxidation were analyzed by the water retention properties (thawing loss rate, centrifugal loss rate), pH, TBARS value, TVB-N value, carbonyl content, sulfhydryl content, protein solubility, and SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. The results showed that thawing methods had a great effect on the water retention of the prepared pork patties. Air thawing and refrigeration thawing showed the best water retention, the thawing loss was 5.03%-5.75%, and the centrifugal loss was 31.02%-32.19%. At the same time, thawing of air, salt water and running water caused significant increase of the value of TVB-N (P<0.05), especially the value of TVB-N was increased to 3.17 mg·100 g-1 by salt water thawing, but the effect of thawing on pH value, TBARS value and color difference of the prepared meat patties were not significant (P>0.05). Through the determination of the oxidation degree of myofibrillar protein, it was found that thawing methods could increase the carbonyl content of myofibrillar protein, decrease the sulfhydryl content and solubility, confirmed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Comparing the thawing methods used, the oxidized degree of myofibrillar protein in refrigeration thawing was thelowest, so the quality of prepared pork patties could be well maintained. This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection and optimization of the freezing thawing process of frozen meat products for the actual production.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 770-778. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0770In order to realize the high value utilization of pressed liquor in the processing of fish meal, the volatile flavor and free amino acid content of pressed liquor in the processing of fish meal after enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation were analyzed. After enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, the content of free amino acid, the taste intensity and fresh capacity increased obviously, and its taurine content was as high as 0.263 g·100mL-1, which was much higher than the marketed fish sauce. Volatile flavor analysis showed that the flavor of pressed liquor in the processing of fish meal was improved obviously after enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, the contents of aldehydes, alcohols, pyrazines and sulfur compounds increased, whereas ketones decreased, and its flavor was similar to the marketed fish sauce. The results indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation could effectively improve the flavor characteristics, nutritional value and flavor intensity of pressed liquor in the processing of fish meal, which would become an effective means of comprehensive utilization of liquor in the processing of fish meal.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 779-787. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0779In order to improve the application value of cuttlefish juice in food processing industry, the cuttlefish juice homogenized by high-pressure microfluidization was added to fresh noodles, and the effects of different treatment pressures (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 MPa) on the particle size change of cuttlefish juice and the cooking and texture characteristics of the cuttlefish noodles were analyzed. The results indicated that the optimal treatment pressure of the microfluidization was 120 MPa. Under this condition, the particle size of the cuttlefish juice was reduced to 101.20 nm(P<0.05). The best cooking time of cuttlefish noodles was 315 s, the rate of broken strips and cooking loss respectively decreased to 4.44% and 4.98%, the expansion rate increased to 183.50%, the hardness and chewiness of the cuttlefish noodles respectively increased to 642.37 g and 176.84 g, the comprehensive score of sensory evaluation reached 94.31. Scanning electron microscopy showed that after the microfluidize treatment, the structure of the cuttlefish noodles became more uniform and dense, the pores reduced relatively and the structure of the cuttlefish noodles was improved. In summary, the high-pressure microfluidization could improve the cooking characteristics and texture characteristics of the cuttlefish noodles,The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the development of cuttlefish food.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 788-795. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0788In order to compare the fatty acid composition of muscle at different growth stages, the fatty acid compositions in muscle of Murray cod juvenile fish, dult fish, parental fish were analyzed by GC-MS in this study, and principal component analysis of fatty acid compositions were analyzed. The results showed that the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids of haddock was very high in the three different growth stages (52.2%, 58.2% and 60.1% respectively), and the DHA contents in the high unsaturated fatty acids were the highest. The content of palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linoleic acid showed an uptrend, and the content order were parental fish>adult fish>young fish. The content of nutmeg acid, arachidonic acid, arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA showed a downtrend, and the order were young fish>adult fish>parental fish. The order of the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids and the total monounsaturated fatty acids were parental fish>adult fish>young fish, which showed an uptrend. The order of the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the total essential fatty acids were adult fish>parental fish>young fish, which showed a first uptrend then downtrend. There had two main components of fatty acids. Most of the fatty acid contents of Murray cod at different growth stages were significantly different, especially the fatty acid contents in juvenile and adult fish. The main characteristic fatty acids of Murray cod were nutmeg acid, arachidonic acid, arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA, and the five fatty acids showed strong positive correlation with each other. Following the growth and development of Murray cod, the functional fatty acids should be increased and the proportion of the main characteristic fatty acids should be reduced. The results of this study would provide a theoretical reference for the development and utilization of Murray cod and the nutritional requirements of feed.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 796-804. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0796The effects of extraction pH, solid-liquid ratio and extraction together with the alkalidissolution and acid precipitation method, time on the protein extraction rate were investigated for the extraction process of peanut soluble leaf proteins. Based on the results of single factor tests, the Box-Behnken design and response surface method (RSM) were applied to optimize the extraction rate and the antioxidant activities of peanut leaf soluble proteins were also investigated. The results showed that the order of factors affecting the extraction rate of peanut leaf proteins was pH>extraction time>solid-liquid ratio, and the optimal conditions were: pH9, liquid-solid ratio 1:20(w/v)and extraction time 40 min. The regression model obtained was highly significant (R2=0.992 7), showing excellent goodness-of-fit. The predicted peanut soluble leaf protein extraction rate was 52.8% and the actual protein extraction rate was 54.2% with 63.8% purity, which showed strong DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging abilities and good reducing power. The results of this study could provide a theoretical support for the development and utilization of peanut leaves and the extension of the value chain peanut industry.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 805-815. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0805In order to optimize the technological conditions of ultrasonic-assisted liquid-liquid extraction combined with gas chromatography(GC) for the detection of monoterpenes compounds synthesized by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, the effects of ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, NaCl addition and extractor volume on the extraction effect were investigated with simulated grape juice as raw material. The extraction process of monoterpenes was optimized by response surface methodology based on single factor experiments. The results showed that the optimum extraction parameters were ultrasonic power 405 W, ultrasonic time 15 min, NaCl addition 4.9 g and extractor volume 15.5 mL. Under this extraction condition, linalool, α-terpineol, citronellol and geraniol could be detected in simulated wine by GC. The total content of these monoterpenes was up to 46.29 μg·L-1, which further confirmed that Saccharomyces cerevisiae could synthesize monoterpenes. The results of this study gives theoretical supports for further exploring the mechanism of monoterpenes biosynthesis and metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 816-823. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0816In order to study the effect of okra micropowder on intestinal environment in mice, 40 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, the control group and okra powder of low(450 mg·kg-1d-1), medium(900 mg·kg-1d-1)and high(1 800 mg·kg-1d-1)dose group. After 6 weeks gavaged administration, the indicators related to the feces, colon and cecum were detected. The results showed that the water content of feces in each dose group increased significantly compared with the control group, and it was significantly higher in high dose group than that in the control group (P<0.05). The pH values of feces each dose group were all decreased significantly (P<0.01); and the pH value of cecal contents and colon contents were also decreased. The number of OTU in the cecal contents microflor of each dose group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01), the Chaol value of the middle dose group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05); The number of OTU in the colon contents microflor of each dose group was higher than that in the control group (P>0.05), and the Chaol value in the middle dose group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). Short chain falty acid(SCFA) content in cecum and colon contents increased (P>0.05). In addition, okra micropowder could increase the proportion of probiotics in the intestinal tract of mice, reduced the proportion of harmful bacteria, and promoted the content of SCFA, such as acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, and so on. This study provided theoretical basis for okra micropowder could improve the intestinal health in mice.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 824-830. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0824In order to compare the flavor precursors in fresh hot and chilled yellow-feather broiler meat, the snow breed of yellow-feather broiler of fresh hot (1h, 2h, 4h) and chilled carcasses (24 h, 48 h, 60 h) were used. The pH value and the content of flavor precursors like fatty acids composition, reducing sugar, free amino acids, nucleotide, thiamine contents were investigated. The results showed that the pH value in hot fresh 1 h treatment was significantly higher than other treatments (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in different chilled treatments. A higher IMP was observed in hot fresh 2 h, and higher inosine and hypoxanthine chilled treatments compared to hot-fresh treatments (P<0.05). More than 200 mg·100g-1 of free amino acid were observed in chilled treatments, which were higher than that in hot fresh 1h and 2 h treatments. There was no significant difference in polyunsaturated fatty acid values and reducing sugar contents, which was also greatly lower than the threshold of flavor. Therefore, the finding indicated that fresh-hot meat and chilled carcasses had advantages in each tested flavor precursors, and the whole flavor precursors in fresh-hot carcasses was almost equal to that in chilled carcasses, which could be a substitution for fresh hot carcasses to produce traditional products. The results also supplied technological support for expanding the consumption of chilled yellow-feather broiler.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 831-838. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0831In order to study the effect of yak blood oligopeptides on hypoxia-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury and anti-fatigue ability of exercise mice, the anti-fatigue ability and anti-hypoxia ability of yak blood oligopeptides were preliminarily studied by hypoxia-induced injury model in H9c2 cells and weight-bearing swimming test in mice. The results showed that the cell viability of the hypoxic group was significantly lower than that of the normal control group (P<0.01), indicated that hypoxia caused damage to the H9c2 cardiomyocytes; at the same time, compared with the hypoxic group, the cell viability of the yak blood oligopeptides intervention group increased and there was a dose-dependent, compared with the commonly used anti-hypoxic drug salidroside. The survival rate of the high dose group was 75.1%, while that of the Rhodiola group was 88%. Yak blood oligopeptides and their complex peptides could increase the swimming time of mice, increased the content of HG in the liver of mice after exercise, and decreased the content of BLA and BUN in the serum of mice after exercise. The results showed that the yak blood oligopeptides had protective effect on hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury, and could improve the anti-fatigue ability of mice. The anti-fatigue ability of the combination of the yak blood oligopeptides and soybean oligopeptides was better than that of the single yak blood oligopeptides.The research results provide a new way for the research of hypoxia-tolerant active factors.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 839-848. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0839In irrigation agricultural region of north China, water resources deficit, high input and low efficiency are serious constraints for crop production. Based on this situation, the experiment was performed to explore the physiology mechanism of different irrigation mode affecting the yield and WUE of summer maize at rainproof shelter. The experiment was set up two irrigation mode, micro-sprinkling (38 mm per time) and border irrigation (75 mm per time), and three kinds of irrigation frenquency with one times (W1), two times (W2) and three times (W3). The soil water dynamic change of summer maize at all growing stages were monitored by real-time monitor system to clarify the water consumption characters of summer maize under different irrigation modes. Results showed that the grain yield increased with the irrigation times (i.e. the increased total irrigation amount) under the two irrigation patterns. The yield of micro-sprinkling irrigation was lower than that of border irrigation under the same irrigation times. PW2 treatment has more irrigation times and the same irrigation amount but higher yield by 5.0% in comparison with QW1. Compared with QW1, PW3 has reduced irrigation amount by 24% and more irrigation times, but the yield has increased by 14.3%. PW3 contributed to improving the photosynthetic rate and the accumulation of dry matter, hence increasing the grain weight and grain yield. The water consumption characters of PW2 and QW2 were further analyzed. Compared with QW2, PW2 reduced leaf area index (LAI), the transpiration rate, stages water consumption amount and intensity, daily evapotranspiration amount after irrigation and increased the use of deeper soil water, especially under 100 cm. These treatment resulted in the reduced total water consumption of whole growing periods of PW2 by 10.8% and increased WUE by 10.3% compared to QW2. The findings indicated that adopting micro-sprinkling irrigation pattern irrigation quota of 38 mm and irrigation 2-3 times can increase WUE in the premise of stable yield. This study provide guidence for reducing groundwater overdrawn, saving cost and increasing efficiency.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 849-859. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0849In order to explore the effects of magnetized water irrigation on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics under nitrogen application, one-year old seedlings of Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca cv. Summer Black was applied as the test materials, and the morphological parameters and photosynthetic characteristics were measured through filed investigation and lab analysis. A pot experiment was conducted to set up magnetized water irrigation treatment (M0), non-magnetized water irrigation treatment (NM0), magnetization nitrogen treatment (MN), non-magnetization nitrogen treatment (NMN). The growth parameters chlorophyll content and fluorescence and photosynthetic gas exchange parameters were measured. The results showed that compared with NMN, MN had a significant effect on grape growth under nitrogen application conditions, and the biomass of leaves, roots and whole plants increased by 80.58%~163.35%, and the biomass of leaves and whole plants reached a significant level (P<0.05). No significant change was observed in stem biomass. At the same time, the ratio of root to crown increased by 26.4%. Compared with NMN, the pigment content in MN grape leaves increased by 8.58%~23.78%, and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) increased by 6.06%~8.14%, and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the actual photochemical efficiency(ΦPSII) and photochemical quenching coefficient(qP) increased by 7.0%~10.0% and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN), non-photochemical dissipation(NPQ) and excitation pressure(1-qP) decreased by 12.0%~23.0%. In summary, under the condition of nitrogen application, magnetized water irrigation can improve the photosynthetic productivity of grape leaves and maintain better photosynthetic performance of leaves, so as to increase the biomass accumulation of grapes, optimize the biomass distribution pattern and promote the growth of grapes. Therefore, the magnetized water irrigation technology can be put into the production of grapes, which provides a theoretical basis for the high-quality production of grapes and the application of nitrogen fertilizer.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 860-869. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0860To investigate the alleviating effects of choline chloride and trehalose on drought stress at budding stage of rapeseed, three treatments including choline chloride and trehalose were added under drought stress for five rapeseed varieties. We investigated the effects of drought stress, as well as alleviated role of choline chloride (CC) or trehalose on the morphological, growth and physiological characteristics of rapeseed using fifteen drought tolerance indexes. Comprehensive drought tolerance performance and drought resistance indexes under the three treatments were further studied for the five varieties. The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, total fresh weight, upper fresh weight and SOD activity of rapeseed decreased significantly under drought stress, and the contents of soluble protein, proline and MDA increased significantly. After adding choline chloride, the content of soluble protein decreased significantly (34.96%). Similarly, after adding trehalose, the activity of SOD and POD increased significantly (77.22% and 183.93%) and the content of MDA and soluble protein decreased significantly (64.68% and 27.68%). Three categories of drought tolerance for the five varieties were classified based on the comprehensive drought tolerance analysis: drought tolerance type (Huaiyou 18; D=0.706), intermediate type (Nannongyou 3; D=0.476), and non-drought tolerance type (including Qinyou 33, Qinyou 10, Meiguoyouwang 999; D=0.364~0.404); the alleviated effect of CC (The averaged D value increases 40.00%) was more effective than trehalose (The averaged D value increases 13.95%) in cultivars. In selection of drought tolerance index, root length, stem diameter, total fresh weight, root fresh weight, upper dry weight and total dry weight, could be served as the indicators to assess the drought tolerance of the rapeseed varieties (R2=0.992). This study suggested that the exogenous CC can alleviate the injuries under drought stress at bud stage, which provided a theoretical basis for improving drought resistant cultivation of rapeseed.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 870-877. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0870In order to explore the effect of silicon, calcium, potassium and magnesium fertilizer combined with fulvic acid potassium on the growth of peach trees, three different fertilization methods (T1: Si-Ca-K-Mg, T2: Si-Ca-K-Mg + fulvic acid potassium, CK: blank as control) were used to topdress the young peach trees in the growing season, and Rui-Pan 21/Amygdalus persica Linn. was used as experimental material. Effects of Si-Ca-K-Mg combined with potassium fulvic acid on soil enzyme activity, soil nutrient status, root architecture and plant growth of young peach trees were evaluated.The results showed that compared with CK, T1 and T2 significantly increased the activities of soil acid phosphatase, urease and catalase as well as the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and available silicon in the soil at different stages of your peach tree growth season, and the effects of combined application of potassium fulvic acid were more obvious. Compared with CK, fine root specific gravity increased by 11.2% and 26.2%, root activity increased by 12.2% and 18.1%, root length increased by 28.1% and 61.9% respectively, and delayed effectively root senescence. The total dry weight of plants for T1 and T2 increased by 1.2 and 2.0 times, and the root-shoot ratio increased by 9.4% and 17.0%, respectively. Compared with CK, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in organs of T1 and T2 increased significantly, and the contents of silicon in shoot increased by 61.3% and 91.9%, respectively, and that in underground increased by 63.4% and 99.4%. At the same time, chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of peach leaves treated by T1 and T2 increased significantly. To sum up, Si-Ca-K-Mg combined fertilizercan effectively improve soil enzyme activity, promote the growth of fine roots of young peach trees, delay the process of root senescence, increase the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon and other nutrients, improve leaf photosynthetic rate and promote plant growth. The content of soil available silicon and plant silicon were increased by the application of Si-Ca-K-Mg combined with potassium fulvic acid, which was more significant than that of Si-Ca-K-Mg alone. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for rational application of silicon, calcium, potassium and magnesium fertilizers in peach trees.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 878-886. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0878In order to detect the chemical speciations and spatial distribution characteristics of Cd in the soil surface in Baiyin sewage irrigation area in China and the effect of the wheat Cd content on human health, sequential extraction procedure and ArcGIS spatial interpolation method were used in Cd speciation features, spatial distribution differences under the different pollution levers in sewage irrigation soil and the distribution and enrichment characteristics of Cd in different organs at different stages of spring wheat. Health risk model was used to calculate the health risk level and spatial division. Results showed that the average contents of Cd in surface soil were carbonate bound state > ion-exchangeable state > Fe-Mn oxides bound state> residue lattice state> organic bound state, and the proportions of different forms of Cd followed the order of carbonate bound state > residue lattice state> ion-exchangeable state> Fe-Mn oxides bound state > organic bound state, and their spatial distribution was similar to that of the total Cd. Except residue lattice Cd, there were significant negative correlation with pH and significant positive correlation with SOM and CEC under other forms of Cd. Cd speciations in the 0-60 cm profiles were mainly composed of carbonate bound state and Fe-Mn oxides binding state, the content of ion-exchangeable state and residue lattice state of Cd decreased and increased with pollution levels decreased, respectively. With the growth spring wheat, the content of Cd increased firstly, then decreased and then increased. The concentration of Cd was different in different organs, following the order of root > leaf > stem > grains. The health risk indexes of Cd consisted with the spatial distribution of total Cd, as well as exchangeable and carbonate bound. The range of residents wheat consumption health risk indexes(HQ) was from 1.2 to 5.6,more than 1.0 in different sewage regions, and belong to a non-carcinogenic health risk. These results provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution in Baiyin city.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 887-895. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0887In order to explore the soil pH status of tobacco growing area in Qujing, 3 456 soil samples were collected, and the spatial variability of soil pH and its influencing factors were analyzed by multivariate statistics and geostatistics. The results showed that mean value of soil pH in Qujing was 6.28 ranging from 4.16 to 8.50, the proportion of soil samples with pH less than 5.5 was 21.39%, and the proportion of soil samples with pH value greater than 7 was 22.56%; The average pH value in each county was between 5.43 and 6.57.The spatial structure of soil pH was presented as an exponential model; the spatial variability was codetermined by structural factors and random factors and the spatial distribution of soil pH was flower-arranging in different grades. The altitude topography, soil type, soil texture, organic matter, salt-based cations and anions had significant or extremely significant effects on soil pH of growing tobacco areas. With the increase of altitude, soil pH showed a downward trend and different soil types had the highest pH of yellow loam and the lowest pH of red loam. The pH of loam soil was the highest, and lowest in sandy loam soil. The relationship between soil pH and content of OM, available K, available Ca, available Mg and total cation were in accordance with the logarithmic function model. Soil pH and soil available sulfur was in accordance with the “Ⅴ” digital piecewise linear model, and water-soluble chlorine conformed to the logarithmic function model. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for soil conservation of tobacco growing area in Qujing.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(4): 896-903. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.04.0896To investigate the effect of uranium on soil microbiology, the soils were treated with different concentratons(0, 10, 20, 50, 100, 150 mg·kg-1) of uranium, and the soil enzyme activity and microbial functional diversity were measured. The Shannon, Simpson and McIntosh diversity indices fell by increase in uranium concentration and microbial activity decreased in soil against the control group under the uranium treatment in Biolog-ECO microplate analysis. Uranium treatment decreased the ability of microorganisms to utilize six carbon sources. The average well color development (AWCD) of Phenolic acid was only 19.98% of the control group. In the control groups, microorganisms showed the highest ability to utilize carbon sources of amines; in the 10 mg uranium·kg-1 treatment group, microorganisms showed the highest ability to utilize carbon sources of polymers; in the 50, 100 and 150 mg uranium·kg-1 treatment groups, microorganisms had the highest ability to utilize carbon sources of carboxylic acids. Enzyme activity analysis showed that with the increase of uranium concentration, the activities of alkaline phosphatase and aryl sulfatase decreased. Whereas activity of nitrite reductase showed fluctuation of simultaneous, increase and then decrease. Highly polluted soil by uranium concentration inhibited cellulose activity. Enzymatic activity was strongly inhibited due to uranium stress at the 30th day. The order of enzymatic sensitivity by uranium was aryl sulfatase > alkaline phosphatase > nitrite reductase > cellulase. Therefore, the carbon utilization of soil microorganisms was significantly inhibited by uranium pollution and aryl sulfatase could be used as indicators for the evaluation of uranium-contaminated soils. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for evaluating and remediating ecological environments polluted by uranium.
