13 April 2015, Volume 29 Issue 4
    

  • Select all
    |
  • CHEN Lei, LI Xiaohua, YE Shenghai, ZHANG Xiaoming, ZHAI Rongrong, JIN Qingsheng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 617-622. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0617
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    Screening and identification of rice rolling leaf mutant is a premise for leaf morphogenesis mechanism, which provides theoretical basis and test materials for the obligation of rice with ideal plant type and high yield. In this study, a nematode infestation mimic rolling leaf mutant (nir) was obtained from EMS-treated mutations in a japonica rice variety‘Xiushui 09’. Compared with the wild-type, nir showed obvious rolled and withered leaves in the whole stages, which was similar to the phenotype of rice plants infested by nematode. Furthermore, nir showed other characters such as dwarf plants, smooth leaves and less effective tillers. F2 population of nir/‘Xiushui 09’was developed for genetic analysis, and the results showed that the mutant trait was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Using amther F2 population of nir/93-11 for gene mapping. By using the F2 populations, the gene controling the nematode infestation mimic rolling leaf trait was mapped to a region on chromosome 2 between two InDel markers, 2~88w and 2~82w, with genetic distance of 1.1 cM and physical distance of 245 kb. The results suggested that NIR might be a new gene that had not been reported before, and further cloning of NIR gene could reveal different regulation mechanism of rolling leaf.

  • SHEN Guoming, NIU Jiankang, LU Kaixing, SHANG Hongqin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 623-628. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0623
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    To investigate the influcences of N-methyl-N'-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (NTG) on growth rate and ultrastructure of H. pluvialis (Haematococcus pluvialis), the growth rate, pigments content and ultrastructure were investigated after treated by NTG at different concentrations. The results showed that even a low concentration (0.5g·L-1) of NTG was lethal for i>H. pluvialis and the lethality rate was related positively to NTG concentration. After mutated by medium concentration (2.5g·L-1) of NTG, the growth rate (K value) and astaxanthin amount of survival algae reached up to 0.381± 0.0289 and 2.9± 0.29 mg·L-1, respectively. The chlorophyll content increased slightly under a low NTG concentration but reduced with a high concentration. With low concentration of NTG, there were no changes in cell structure, but some organelles, such as cell membrane, mitochondria or chloroplast were damaged after treatment with high concentration of NTG (3.5 g L-1). This study provided insights for further understanding of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of algae mutation by NTG.

  • LI Lei, ZENG Xiaofang, ZHAO Degang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 629-636. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0629
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    In this paper, the mutant library was built from a Guizhou native rice variety‘Lailong’using EMS treatment, from which the small round seed and semi-dwarfism characteristics of mutant srd-1 was identified, and the molecular mechanism of small round seed and semi-dwarf traits were studied.The skotomorphogenesis showed that the dwarf trait of srd-1 mutant was not related to the BR. srd-1 mutant performance was sensitive to GA. Exogenous GA\-3 could promote the growth of seedling's second leaf sheath of srd-1, induce the activity of α- amylase and rescue the tilt arrangement of cell microtubules skeleton back to wild type transverse arrangement, which indicated that the dwarf character was not related to GA signal transduction pathway. The expressions of key enzyme genes OsKS1 and OsGA2ox1 in GA synthesis pathway had no significant differences compared with wild type, but the gene expressions OsCPSOsKO2、OsKAOOsGA20ox2 and OsGA3ox2 were down-regulated, which preliminarily indicated that the dwarf trait of srd-1 mutant might be due to the activity decrease of GA biosynthesis. In addition, the expressions of small round seed control genes SRS1、SRS3 and SRS5 exhibited down-regulated. This suggested that the mutant gene of srd-1 mutant simultaneously involved in the regulation of grain size and plant height, affected activity GA biosynthesis and the expressions of small round seed key enzyme regulated genes, and then led tothe dwarf and small round seed phenotype. The study provided a reference for the mutant gene mapping and using research.

  • ZHANG Zhiyong, LI Wanchen, FU Fengling
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 637-642. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0637
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    Culture of regenerated plants is one of the most important procedures in transgenic maize research. In this paper, basic culture medium, the size of embryonic calli, subculture times and hormone supplements affecting differentiation and regeneration of transgenic maize were discussed. The results showed that basic N6 medium had an improvement in the differentiation of resistant calli. The highest differentiation rate was achieved when the resistant calli size was about 2.5 to 3.5 mm and with subculture times 2 to 3 times. Addition of ABT root-promoting powder (0.5 mg·L-1) and uniconazole S3307 (0.25 mg·L-1) in regeneration medium could promote rooting and seedling strengthening of regenerated plants. This research laid a basis for establishing transgenic maize regeneration system.

  • LI Shuxia, LIU Wei, LI Wei, ZHU Shuijin, WU Dianxing, CHEN Jinhong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 643-650. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0643
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    Three acyl glycerin is the main storage in plant oil, and DGAT (Diacylglycerol acyltransferase) gene plays an important role in three acyl glycerol synthesis. With the widely application of the plant oil, maize oil research was paid more and more attentions. In order to further understand DGAT gene family, the identification and classification were done using bioinformatics methods, and moreover the system evolution, gene structure and expression patterns were also analyzed. The results showed that 7 DGAT genes in maize could be divided into 3 subgroups, ZmDGAT1, ZmDGAT2 and ZmDGAT3, distributed on chromosome 4, 5, 6, 9 and 10. The gene structure and transmembrane domains of different subgroups had significant difference and the gene expressions had also certain differences. ZmDGAT1 gene was mainly expressed in the endosperm, ZmDGAT2 gene expression had a wider range, and the expression of ZmDGAT3 gene was mainly in the blade. In this study, the gene structure and expression of DGAT gene family were definitely known, and laid the foundation for understanding DGAR gene function and further improving the plant oil content.

  • HAN Zegang, ZHAO Zengqiang, HE Lanlan, CHAI Mengliang, LI Huihui, ZHANG Wei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 651-662. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0651
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    Fusarium wilt is a worldwide serious disease and constructing digital gene expression profiles of various varieties resistant to fusarium wilt disease will provide a theoretical basis for further study on molecular regulation mechanism and screening related genes resistant to the disease High resistance to fusarium wilt disease upland cotton cultivar‘Zhongmiansuo 12’and susceptible upland cotton cultivar‘Xinluzao 7’were used to analysis the gene expression of cotton seedling root tissue by Solexa sequencing technology. After Solexa sequencing, we built a tag library as many as 3.5 million reads, then selected and identified 1 080 significantly differentially expressed genes, which included 302 up-regulated genes and 778 down-regulated genes. The gene function analysis showed that these annotated genes could be divided into three functional annotation onrology, molecular function, biological processes, and cellular components, and then further be subdivided into 37 functional categories. 112 metabolic pathways and annotated 1 238 significantly differentially expressed genes were identified, which involved amino acid metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, lipid metabolism, energy metabolism and signal transduction, etc. There were 26 known functional genes involving in plant hormone signal transduction pathway, and 4 genes encoding AP2/ERF transcription factors, 4 genes relating to LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase or protein kinase, 5 genes associated with protein phosphatase 2c. All of these genes have been shown to be involved in disease resistance of plants. Finally, by RT-PCR validation of random selecting 5 differentially expressed genes, the results were consistent with Solexa sequencing resluts. The study preliminary revealed the differential expression of cotton cultivars resistant and sensitive to Cotton Fusarium wilt at the transcriptome level, and hen a large number of differentially expressed genes were obtained for a wealth of data resources for the further study.

  • SU Huihui, LI Tao, LI Zhenxing, LI Zhiliang, WANG Yongfei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 663-673. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0663
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are ubiquitous glutathione-dependent oxidoreductases enzymes existed in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and play an important role in plant development, organ formation, adversity stress, and hormone signal response In this study, using bioinformatics methods, the distribution, structure and function of GRX gene family were analyzed in tomato genome. Prediction results showed that GRX gene family contained 55 proteins and were classified into 4 subtribes based on phylogenetic tree analysis, among which the members of CC subtribe were at most and had 35. Other members of GRX had the similar classification to Arabidopsis thaliana. The tomato GRX domains contained 12 important motifs, mainly distributed in the N-terminal of sequence. The amino acids conservative domains of GRX members'protein sequence were the same in the same subtribe. and special in different subtribes members, which indicated that these motifs were necessary to the execution of GRX protein function. Using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR to analyze tissue gene expression and response to abiotic stress of GRX gene family members, the results showed that GRX gene had tissue specific expression differences. CC subfamily had a higher expression in roots and flowers, and a lower expression in fruit. 22 GRX genes showed distinct expression patterns in response to stresses of salt, SA, ABA, high temperature and cold, and the expressions levels of several gene significantly increased or decreased, which might involve in regulating the defense response against abiotic stresses. The results also would provide a very useful reference for cloning and functional analysis of each member of GRX gene family in Solanaceae crops.

  • ZHAO Hongliang, CHEN Kai, ZHANG Qiang, XU Zhengjin, XU Jianlong, LI Zhikang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 674-684. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0674
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    To mine excellent alleles of source sink-related traits, association mapping analysis was conducted using 6 704 SNP markers across whole genome for 9 source sink-related traits including flag leaf length (FLL), flag leaf width (FLW), flag leaf area (FLA), top second leaf length (TSLL), top second leaf width (TSLW), top second leaf area (TSLA), spikelet number per panicle (SNPP), thousand grain weight (TGW) and grain yield per plant (GYP) of 261 indica rice germplasms collected from 31 countries based on its analysis of population structure and linkage disequilibrium. The results showed that variation coefficients of those 9 traits for 261 core rice germplasms were from 12.46% to 26.21%, indicating there was rich diversity involved in the natural population. Population structure analysis indicated that the optimum number of subpopulation was three. LD analysis showed that there was certain extent linkage disequilibrium between SNP loci. At the significant level of logP >3(P <10-3), total of 68 QTLs were detected as associations with 9 source sink-related traits, of which 55 QTLs associated with source traits, 13 with sink traits. Four overlapping loci affecting source sink-related traits were simultaneously detected on chromosomes 2, 5 and 11, which could be important reference value for marker-assisted improvement of source-sink traits of rice variety.

  • ZHANG Minghua, CHEN Yuhui, LIU Fuzhong, ZHANG Ying, CHEN Guohua, XIE Bingyan, LIAN Yong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 685-691. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0685
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    The eggplant genetic transformation system were established, through optimization of antibiotic selection pressure, effects of different antibiotic inhibitory, agrobacterium infection time, pre-culture time, and co-culture time, using the hypocotyl and cotyledon as explants and agrobacterium mediated method. And the Bt cry6A gene was integrated into the eggplant by agrobacterium-mediated transformation, so as to obtain the nematode-resistant eggplant and explore new ways of nematode-resistance breeding, and lay the foundation for the cultivation and improvement of quality of eggplant by the use of transgenic technology. The result showed that:the kanamycin of 75 mg·L-1 could effectively inhibit the generation of callus; the timentin of 200mg·L-1 could completely inhibit the growth of agrobacteria; and the best infection explant was cotyledon, whose conversion rate was the highest one by pre-cultured with 4d, infected with 10min and co-cultured with 1d. There were 15 plantlets which had GUS activity in 56 regenerated plants resistant to kanamycin, Confirmed by PCR and RT-PCR verification, Bt cry6A gene had been integrated into the eggplant genome and expressed respectively normally at the transcriptional level. Root-knot nematode inoculation identification showed that the resistance of transgenic eggplant with Bt cry6A was improved compared with the control.

  • LIU Chunhua, GAO Jianrui, WANG Peng, XIA Chao, DONG Xiaoqiu, LIU Bing, ZHAO Dan, WEI Rujun, LAN Hai
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 692-698. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0692
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    To investigate the effect of the transcription factor ZmPTF1 in the germination of corn seeds, primers were designed according to the maize PTF1 sequence recorded in GeneBank. Full-length cDNA sequence. of ZmPTF1 was cloned from normal maize inbred line A318, with a open reading frame consisting of 1 446bp bases and 481amino acids. Construct plant expression vector PCAMBIA3301-ZmPTF1 and transform into tobacco W38. Positive transgenic tobaccos were identified using antibiotic screening test and PCR detection. Using southern hybridization and PCR detection to analyze the normally grown T1 transgenic tobaccos, and the result showed that the exogenous ZmPTF1 was successfully integrated into transgenic plant genome and could be transcribed and inherited normally. The germination rate and the α-amylase activity of the transgenic tobacco seeds increased significantly, indicating that the overexpression of ZmPTF1 gene promoted the tobacco seeds break dormancy in advance and enter the stage of germination and therefore increased thegermination potential and germination rate. The results will provide further theoretical basis for the research of functions of ZmPTF1.

  • WANG Yunguang, LI Tingting, WANG Liangyan, HUA Yuejin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 699-703. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0699
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Deinococcus radiodurans is one of the discovered strongest stress-resistance bacteria, which has become an ideal model organism for the research of DNA damage response and repair mechanism. The radiation/desiccation response motif is a set of 17-bp conservative palindromic sequences spreading in many DNA damage response genes with different functions and involved in the resistance to ionizing radiation, oxidative damage and desiccation. Combined our novel research findings with the national and international relative literatures in this fireld, we summarized the research progress of radiation/desiccation response motif, demonstrated the DNA damage response pathways involved, and further described the prospect of its potential function, significance and application.
  • CHEN Liang, SU Xiaojun, XIONG Xingyao, CHEN Jingping, WU Xiaofen, HU Qiulong, Zhang Yong, WANG Keqin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 704-709. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0704
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    To investigate the feasibility of ethanol production from irradiation-pretreated lignocelluloses without detoxification, irradiation-pretreated rice straw was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with comparison of water-washed substrate. The results revealed that there were no obvious difference of the cellulose conversion and ethanol conversion between detoxification treatment and control at a substrate concentration of 15%. After 72 h incubation, the cellulose conversion and ethanol conversion of irradiation-pretreated rice straw were 64.11% and 65.70%, respectively, with corresponding 63.50% and 67.45% of water-washed substrate. According to materials banlance, it can obtained 11.04 g ethanol from 100 g rice straw with irradiation pretreatment and 9.62 g ethanol with irradiation and water-washing pretreatment, which provides a guidance for the application of irradiation in fuel ethanol.

  • SHEN Yue, LIU Chaochao, GAO Meixu, WANG Zhidong, Zhao Jie, XU Shuting
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 710-716. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0710
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    60Co-γ irradiation was used in fresh-cut lettuce's process, and effects of irradiation on lettuce's decontamination and nutrition were investigated to extend the shelf-life of fresh-cut lettuce. Results showed that γ-irradiation could effectively reduce bacteria load. Irradiation at the dose higher than 0.68 kGy could decrease total bacterial count (TBC), coliforms, mould and yeast to a relatively low level. Irradiation at the dose less than 2.32 kGy had no significant effect (5% level) on fresh-cut lettuce's weight loss, soluble solids and nitrite content, besides irradiation could delay the rate of Vc content's descent, but couldn't cause significantly effects on sensory index such as color, smell, tissue texture and flavor. In conclusion, irradiation at the dose range of 0.68 to 2.32 kGy could effectively control the microbe of fresh-cut lettuce without affecting its consumption and sensory quality, and could extend its shelf-life to six days. This article explored the feasibility of irradiation preservation used in the process of fresh-cut vegetable, and provided certain scientific basis for further study.

  • HAN Fanxiang, CHANG Lei, CHAI Shouxi, YANG Changgang, YANG Delong, CHENG Hongbo, MA Junmin, Pang LEI, HUANG Caixia
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 717-723. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0717
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    The objective of this study is to analyze the changes in grain protein quality of wheat in different planting regions in China. It might provide scientific direction in breeding improvement and food processing of wheat. Total of 217 winter and spring wheat cultivars (lines), originated from the national wheat regional trial in rainfed farmlands from 2003 to 2009, were conducted to analyze the grain protein quality. The test phenotypes were associated with protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value, stabilizing time and maximum resistance. The results showed that protein content, wet gluten content and dough stabilizing time of spring wheat cultivars were averagely higher than those of winter cultivars in rainfed conditions. Higher values of these three characters were also found in the northeast spring wheat group. By clustering analysis of protein content, wet gluten content and dough stabilizing time, the strong, medium and weak gluten-strength wheat cultivars were taken the proportion to 12.4%, 30.9% and 0.5%, respectively. In nine quality traits among different cultivars, the variation of the stability time was the largest, but the least in the testing weight. The variation of the dough stabilizing time was up to ten times as much as protein content and wet gluten content, while the latter two showed approximate variation. The poor gluten was a common problem of the wheat quality in rainfed regions in China, and more effective measures should be taken for quality improvement.

  • ZHAO Hua, ZHANG Qifang, ZHAO Qian, WANG Junmin, MEI Shufang, LIU Xianglei, CHENG Fangmin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 724-733. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0724
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    The endosperm sugary mutant (Sug-11) and its wild-type (‘Zhonghua11’) were applied to comparative analysis their rice starch granule morphological structure, distribution, crystal structure, enzymolysis resistance and the thermodynamics parameters in the process of their starch gelatinization by using scanning electron microscope, laser scattering particle diameter analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the X-ray diffraction pattern for purpose of figuring out the physicochemical characteristic of endosperm sugary rice starch and further to provide theoretical basis for improving rice grain quality and developing functional rice product. The results indicate that the starch granule diameter of Sug-11 present unimodal Gaussian distribution and its average diameter (6.48 μm) significantly decreased comparing with‘Zhonghua11’, that the proportion of large starch granule (diameter greater than 8 μm) significantly lowered (21.63%) while the small and middle one notably increased, that the starch granule structure of Sug-11 is more close to when grain-filling process has not been fully enrich observing under scanning electron microscopy; that the enzymolysis resistance of Sug-11 starch granule dropped significantly compared with its wild-type and its content of resistant starch decreased about 50%; that Sug-11 has relatively lower starch gelatinization temperature and its thermal enthalpy (ΔH) in the process of starch gelatinization was also significantly reduced. In addition, Sug-11 has the same starch crystal type (type A) with its wild-type but its starch granule relative crystallinity (35.3%) is slightly lower than its CK, and the main differences between them is their relative crystallinity and the performance of all peak's relative intensity ratio where Sug-11 is higher than its wild-type at 20° 2θ/18° 2θ. Finally, sugary mutant significantly effect chemical composition, swelling power and solubility to rice starch in which both the content of apparent amylose and the starch swelling power of mutant Sug-11 are significantly lower but the starch solubility is obviously higher than its wild-type.

  • YU Shuxi, XING Lijun, MU Taihua, ZHANG Miao, SUN Hongnan, CHEN Jingwang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 734-742. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0734
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    In order to investigate the relationship between the physicochemical property of starch from different sweet potato varieties and the quality of its starch noodle. This paper studied the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of starches from four varieties of starch-type sweet potato (‘Luxuan 1’,‘Xushu 22’,‘Jishu 65’and‘Jishu 98’), and analyzed the correlation between starch composition, physicochemical properties and quality of starch noodle. The result showed that the different composition of starch led to different physicochemical properties of starch and starch noodle quality. The result of correlation analysis showed that the amylose and lipid content, setback viscosity, pasting temperature, peak time, swelling power and retrogradtion degree were positive correlated with starch noodle quality, but conclusion viscosity, solubility and particle size were negatively correlated with starch noodle quality. Combined with the result of correlation analysis found that the quality of‘Luxuan 1’starch noodle was better than other three varieties.Therefore, this study made fundamental knowledge for the selection of starch and cultivation of sweet potato varieties special for starch noodle production.

  • LIU Jianhua, JI Jinjian, WANG Bin, FANG Yizhou, DING Yuting
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 743-750. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0743
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    To obtain the optimal decoloration conditions, skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) dark muscle by-product enzymatic hydrolysate was decolored with activated carbon. The effect of activated carbon addition content, pH, temperature and time on the decoloration rate and protein loss rate were studied by orthogonal methodology; the changes of fishy odour and metallic elements contents before and after activated carbon treatment were investigated. The results showed that the optimal decoloration conditions were as follows, activated carbon addition content 3%, pH 3.0, temperature 70 ℃, and time 1 hour. Under these conditions, the decoloration rate and protein loss rate of the hydrolysate reached 89.77± 0.77% and 13.47± 0.72%, respectively. The content of volatile compounds was reduced by 85.39%, and there was a considerable reduction in fishy odour content such as trimethylamine, hexaldehyde and nonaldehyde. In addition, actived carbon had a high adsorption rate to Pb (93.2%) but had a low adsorption rate to other metallic elements. In general, the decolored skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) dark muscle by-product enzymatic hydrolysate showed light color and fishy odour, which will have broad prospect and lay a foundation for utilization of enzymatic hydrolysate.

  • LIU Chunquan, ZHANG Zhongyuan, LI Lijuan, JIANG Ning, LI Dajing, JIN Bangquan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 751-760. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0751
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    A study on the quality parameters of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn dehydrated by combined vacuum microwave-explosion puffing drying has been carried out. The influence of different process variables on the quality of dried product was investigated and the variables were analyzed with response surface methodology. The results showed that microwave power per unit mass, water content at conversion point and puffing temperature have significant effects on the quality parameters of dried product. The optimal processing parameters were microwave power per unit mass of 12.48W·g-1, water content at conversion point of 48.73% and puffing temperature of 86.56℃, respectively. The optimization of drying of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn chips can give a reference to the industry production.

  • TAO Qiaojing, ZANG Lili, LIU Rong, RAO Huiyun, WU Yueyan, ZHOU Weijun
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 761-768. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0761
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    Irradiation mutagenesis is an effective method to improve varieties characters and create new germplasm resources. At present, the use of radiation technology in grape seed mutagenesis study also was less, especially using 137Cs as the radiation source. The seeds of grape cultivar‘Zuijinxiang’were irradiated by 137Cs gamma rays at different doses of 10~50Gy in this experiment. Biological effects in terms of seed germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters etc were studied under different doses to investigate the suitable dosage for grape seeds irradiation and set up a theoretical foundation for mutation breeding of grape. The results indicated that 137Cs gamma rays significantly decreased seed germination rate, germination vigor and germination index, prolonged the average germination days, decreased the emergence rate, seedling survival percentage, seedling height, stems thickness, delayed stem lignification time, and increased etiolated seedlings. There were also noted that irradiation effect was dose dependent. Results also showed that 137Cs gamma rays changed the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, but it was not as significant as on seeds. There were observed that mutation effect was not linear with irradiation dose. The fluorescence parameters were significant different with untreated control at higher level of treatment (50Gy). Considering all above results, 20 to 40Gy was recommended as an appropriate dose range of gamma rays for grape seed mutation breeding.

  • ZHANG Sihai, ZHU Qianggen, TANG Shigang, QIU Yonghua, WANG Yikun, JIN Aiwu, DING Fenghua, ZHANG Guo
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 769-776. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0769
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    A field experiment was conducted to study effects of slope position on soil physical and chemical properties, soil total zinc, soil available zinc, zinc, iron, manganese, potassium and copper of bamboo shoots in bamboo forest of modern demonstration garden Suichang County Zhejiang province. The experiment was designed five slope positions which were top of slop(S0), upper slope(S1), middle slop(S2), lower slope(S3) and base of slope(S4), respectively. soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter content are all decreased with the increase of slope positions. The available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter of S4 slope positions with S1slope positions reached significant difference. And soil total zinc, soil available zinc, zinc and iron in bamboo shoots are decrease with slope positions decreasing, S0 as the highest. But the soil total zinc of slope positions did not reach significant difference, available zinc slope positions of S0 with other different slope positions are very significant differences. The zinc of bamboo shoots is the highest in S0 slope positions, which also than other slope positions increased by 5.20%, 5.20%, 5.61% and 140.52%, respectively. The iron of bamboo shoots in S0slope positions, which also is the highest, is 157.16mg·kg-1, which with other slope positions reached the significant difference (except for S3).The manganese and potassium of bamboo shoots in S1slope positions, which also are the highest, are 206.78mg·kg-1and 37.14g·kg-1. The manganese content of bamboo shoots between only in S1and S4slope positions achieved significant difference, The potassium content of bamboo shoot in S1 positions had a very significantly difference compared to S4slope positions. Copper content of bamboo shoot is the highest in S4slope positions, There were significantly difference between other different slope positions and S2 slope positions (except for S0).The zinc and iron and manganese and potassium of bamboo shoot and soil total zinc and available are increase trend, while soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter content and copper in bamboo shoot are decrease with slop position rise under the same of other external environment conditions. The test results can provid the scientific basis about the environmental risk control of bamboo shoots of zinc, iron and other elements.

  • RUAN Chen, CHEN Xiaoming, LIU Xiaoling, SONG Shou, XU Yan, WANG Chao, HAO Xichao, ZHANG Qian, TONG Ke
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 777-785. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0777
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    In order to evaluate the resistance to Co(II) of lawn plant, to establish a comprehensive evaluation method for resistance to Co(II) of lawn plant. Four kinds of lawn plant which have some growth advantages in Co(II) polluted environment were selected as experimental materials in this research. Comprehensive evaluation index include the height, aboveground biomass, membrane permeability, chlorophyll content, soluble protein, soluble sugar, free proline, MDA, and O2-contents after Co(II) stress. A comprehensive evaluation of resistance to Co(II) of these lawn plants in adult stage was established by using principal component analysis and its membership function. The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation values of resistance to Co(II) of four kinds of lawn plant, the pecking order is tall fescue, timothy grass, inflorescences, annual ryegrass. In this research, the resistance to Co(II) of tall fescue is better than the other plants. Though the resistance to Co(II) of the annual ryegrass is the worst on some others, the annual ryegrass plays an important part in heavy metals contaminated soil remediation, because of the advantage of its huge biomass. In this research, some pattern has been found by physiological and biochemical analysis. For four kinds of lawn plant, the values of membrane permeability, free proline, MDA, O2- contents increased as the increase of Co(II) concentrations. For inflorescences and annual ryegrass, the values of height, aboveground biomass, chlorophyll content, soluble protein and soluble sugar significant decreased in high Co(II) concentrations. For tall fescue, the values of chlorophyll content, soluble protein and soluble sugar increased at first and decreased later with the increase of Co(II) concentrations. For timothy grass, the values of chlorophyll content and soluble protein increased at first and decreased later. With the increase of Co(II) concentrations, the values of soluble sugar, by contrast, decreased at first and increased later. By using principal component analysis, transform nine physiological and biochemical indexes into two principal components. The contribution of two principal components is 96.36%. It is worthy of trying to find the plant which the ability of resistance to Co(II) is relatively good, to provide amount of repair methods and basis for remediating the soil contaminated by Co(II).

  • ZHANG Jiudong, BAO Xingguo, CAO Weidong, CHE Zongxian, LU Binglin, YANG Xinqiang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 786-791. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0786
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    In order to study the effects of planting patterns about wheat inter-cropping and multiple cropping of leguminous crops. In Gansu Hexi oasis irrigation area, 5 cropping pattern of wheat inter-cropping Glycine max, wheat multiple cropping Vicia villosa Roth. etc. was studied by field experiment. The results showed that:The multiple cropping Vicia Villosa Roth tillage processing the highest of wheat yield was 7175 kg·hm-2; intercropping and multiple cropping of leguminous crops were higher than that of wheat benefit, Wheat intercropping Glycine max the highest economic benefit, is 23142 yuan·hm-2, compared to sole cropping wheat added 45.6%. Hairy Vicia villosa Roth green manure treatment could significantly improved the soil nutrient content, soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter content were promoted 3.5, 0.4, 12.2 mg·kg-1 and 2.4 g·kg-1, the economic and ecological benefits is better. The results for the wheat inter-cropping and multiple cropping had higher economic benefits, for the local produced the green manure provided the theoretical.

  • ZHAO Yang, WEI Yingjuan, ZOU Yingbin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 792-798. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0792
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    To explore the physiological responses of seedling leaf and root in early rice to low temperature stress, 2 varieties (Zhuliangyou505, Jinyou268) with cold tolerance and 2 varieties (Zhongjiazao17, Zhuliangyou819) with cold sensitivity were taken as tested materials to evaluate the variation of the physiological index under the low temperature (10℃, 5d) condition, of which 4 varieties were selected according to their seedling dead percentage at the stress of low temperature (5 ℃, 3 d). Results show that:1) During the period of low temperature treatment, the leaf SOD, CAT activity showed the change of performance as first the rise and then the fall and the root displayed as slowly increasing trend, of which the leaf and the root reached the maximum 1 d and 5 d after treatment each. Leaf MDA content has similar increasing trend, but root MDA content of cold tolerance varieties increased slowly and that of cold sensitive varieties increased sharply. Changes of soluble protein content existed in differences between the leaf and the root, of which the leaf performed as first the rise and then the fall and the root showed first the fall and then the rise. 2) During the period of normal temperature recovery, leaf SOD, CAT activity of cold tolerance varieties can recover to the level to deal with before, but both the root and cold sensitive varieties' leaf could not be restored. Leaf MDA content showed the change of performance as first the rise and then the fall, and root MDA content of cold tolerance varieties was stable and that of cold sensitive varieties continues to increase. Leaf soluble protein content of cold tolerance varieties showed recoverable increase, but the root and cold sensitive varieties' leaf could not recover and even is decreased obviously. Thus it can be seen that under the low temperature stress, the physiological response of early rice seedling leaf was more sensitive than that of its root, cold sensitive varieties was more sensitive than that of cold tolerance varieties both leaf and root. For further research of rice seedling leaf and root of different physiological mechanism to low temperature provide a reference basis.

  • SUN Junli, ZHAO Baolong, YU Songlin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 799-804. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0799
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    The study took the biennial Vitis vinifera L. cv. Crinson seedless grape cuttings as experimental material to study the effects of exogenous Salicylic Acid (SA) on AsA-GSH circulation metabolism and the function of resistance to high temperature stress in grape seedlings. Results showed that exogenous SA promoted accumulation of AsA and GSH, reduced the contents of GSSG. when the seedlings were kept under high temperature stress for a long time ( >240min), the contents of DHA was reduced; exogenous SA could maintain high enzyme activities of APX, DHAR, MDHAR and GR in AsA-GSH circulation metabolism.So exogenous SA promoted the AsA-GSH circulation metabolism rapidly and effectively under high temperature stress, reduce the stress of high temperature oxidation damage to grape plants, and the injury on grape seedlings was alleviated under high temperature stress.

  • ZHANG Jinhua, WANG Huiyang, JIANG Chun
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 805-811. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0805
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    Perilla with six leaves was exposed to combination treatment with urea (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 g·L-1) and mesosulfuron-methyl (0, 0.175, 0.35, 0.7 and 1.4 mL·L-1) of different concentration to confirm the best treatment style. Effect of combination treatment on photosynthetic index and seed yield of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. Was investigatea by using the randomized block design experiment. Results showed that the chlorophyll content index (CCI) significantly, and photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance(Gs) were reduced at different levels. While the intercellular CO2concentration(Ci) was increased under the mesosulfuron-methyl treatments. It suggested that mesosulfuron-methyl significantly decrease the photosynthesis. The result also show that mesosulfuron-methyl significantly decreased maximum PSII photochemical efficiency, effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII, PSII potential activity and photochemical quenching of variable Chl fluorescence; and decreased non-photochemical Chl fluorescence quenching. It was indicated that mesosulfuron-methyl impaired PSII and blocked the electron transport in light reaction, treatment with urea of moderate concentration (1 to 4 g·L-1) could improve the negative effect contributed by mesosulfuron-methyl alone, while high concentration (8 g·L-1) could aggravate this effect. The photosynthesis and PSII photochemical efficiency were improved when treated by 4 g·L-1 urea first and then by 0.7 mL·L-1mesosulfuron-methyl. This combination of urea and mesosulfuron-methyl was the best treatment, this study could provide a theoretical basis for the balance of fertilization, weeding, security and high yield in Perilla field.

  • CUI Hongyan, HU Falong, FANG Zisen, NIU Junyi
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(4): 812-819. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.04.0812
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    In order to discuss the water demand regulation of oil flax under different irrigation conditions, field experiment was conducted in 2012 and 2013 to elucidate the effects of irrigation amount and stage on the water consumption characteristics, grain yield, and water use efficiency of oil flax, which was‘Longyaza 1’. The experiment had five treatments:no irrigation during the whole growth season (represented as CK), irrgation amount was 80 mm at stem stage (T1), irrigated at stem and full flowering stage, and irrigation amount was 60 mm and 40 mm(T2), 80 mm and 40 mm(T3), respectively, irrigated at stem, squaring and full flowering stage, and irrgation amount also was 60 mm, 40 mm and 40 mm(T4), respectively. The results showed that with the increase in irrigation water amount, the total water consumption were increased, the proportion of soil water consumption amount and precipitation to total water consumption amount was reduced. However, the variation coefficient of the proportion of soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount was significantly higher than that of precipitation to total water consumption amount, suggesting the relatively wide regulation range of soil water use efficiency.Compared with the treatment T4 (with the total irrigation amount of 140 mm), the proportion of soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount was significantly increased by 59.37%(2012)and 52.85%(2013) in treatment T2 (with the total irrigation amount of 100 mm), which was raised the absorption and utilization of soil water. The water consumption rate (CA) and water consumption percentage (CP) of oil flax appeared as follows. First, the flowering to maturity. Second, budding to flowering. Third, stemming to budding, the stage water consumption rate in 2012 was significantly greater than that of the 2013 growing season. Grain yield was increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount, the yield and water use efficiency of T2 treatment were significantly higher than other treatments, compared with the CK treatment, increased by 40.72% to 45.90%, 11.71% to 20.50%, respectively. As far as water-saving and high-yield were concerned in the experiment, the most appropriate irrigation treatment for recommendation was the one which irrigated 60 mm at stem stage and 40 mm at full flowering stage (T2) respectively.