10 March 2020, Volume 34 Issue 3
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 453-467. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0453To explore the effects of radiation on physiological characteristics for Heuchera micrantha seedings. The Heuchera micrantha was irradiated with60Co-γ ray of different doses from 0 Gy to 30 Gy. The seeding growth, the growth size, free proline content,MDA content, soluble sugar content and soluble proteins content were investigated. The results showed that the tolerated dose of the seedling of Heuchera micrantha is less than 30 Gy. However, as the radiation dose increases, its growth rate shows a downward trend. It indicates that the inhibitory effect of radiation on the growth of seedlings. In addition, with the irradiation dose increased, soluble proteins content gradually decreased, the MDA content increased, soluble sugar and free proline content increased and reached the maximum at 20 Gy. It shows that there is a tolerant mechanism in Heuchera micrantha seedlings to60Co-γ ray irradiation at a dose less than 30Gy.The results provide certain technical reference for Heuchera micrantha radiation breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 460-467. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0460
To enrich the resources of seed specific promoters, we PCR-amplified the promoter AHSSP1 of seed storage protein PSC32 from peanut genome. The expression patterns of PSC32 gene was detected by semi-quantitative PCR, cis-acting elements in AHSSP1 were analyzed using online NewPLACE. GUS gene driven by AHSSP1was transformed into Arabidopsis. The function of AHSSP1 was characterized through GUS histochemical staining. Results showed that AHSSP1 ahd 957 bp in length, with 3 RY REPEAT, which were commonly dispersed in seed specific promoters. PSC32 gene was found to be expressed specifically in seed, but not expressed in root, stem, leaf, flower, peg, and pod shell of mature seed in pod maturing stage based on semi-quantitative PCR analysis. Histochemical staining of Gus activity showed that mature seeds of transgenic Arabidopsis, and the cotyledons, hypocotyl and young root of germinating seeds were all stained blue. Cotyledon and hypocotyl still exhibited GUS staining activity after growing true leaves, while the roots and true leaves did not display GUS staining activity. The leaves of adult transgenic Arabidopsis could not be stained blue, while non-transformed Arabidopsis could not be stained blue throughout the growth period. It indicated that AHSSP1 was a seed specific promoter. This study enriched the resources of peanut seed specific promoters, and would play important application in improving peanut kernel quality or using peanut seed “bioreactor” research.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 468-476. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0468To explore the molecular mechanism of MPK3 response to GA signal regulation of dormancy release, the medium oil nectarine was used as the experimental material, real-time quantitative PCR showed that the MAPKs family gene was expressed in different degrees in peach buds under the induction of GA, and PpMPK3 responded strongly to the positive regulation of GA. Bioinformatics analysis of PpMPK3 gene was carried out using software such as MEGA6.0, MEME, GSDS and DNAMAN 6.0. The results showed that the full-length cDNA of PpMPK3 was 1 113 bp, encoding 370 amino acids, and the molecular weight of the predicted protein was about 42.6 kD. The electrical point is 5.62, which is a hydrophilic unstable protein. There are 45 sites for predicting phosphorylation of PpMPK3 protein, and no glycosylation site. It is predicted that the secondary structure of PpMPK3 protein is mainly composed of α-helix, random coil and extended chain, among which α-helix accounts for 41.35%, extended chain accounts for 10.54%, and irregular curl is 48.11%. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of PpMPK3 was closely homologous to sweet cherry, and the homology was 99.73%. PpMPK3 was localized to the nucleus by subcellular localization. RT-PCR results showed that the expression pattern of PpMPK3 was consistent with the dormancy release process. It is speculated that PpMPK3 can respond to GA signals and promote dormancy release. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the dormancy regulation of peach cultivation.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 477-486. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0477In order to understand the variation of EMS mutagenic lines of wheat multi-spikelet germplasm 10-A, 12 agronomic characterizations of M4 mutagenic lines derived from 10-A seeds by treatment with 0.8% EMS mutagen were evaluated. The results showed that there were significant differences among 222 mutagenic lines population in agronomic traits. The variation coefficient of yield per plant, total number of tillers, effective number of tillers, 1000-grain weight and the number of grain per spike were exceed 20%, while the value of heading period, the number of spikelets per spike, the average straight width and length of grains were less than 10%. Multiple comparisons analysis indicated that extremely significant or significant differences in plant height, spike length, total number of spikelets per spike, total number of tillers, effective number of tillers, the number of grain per spike and yield per plant were observed between some mutagenic lines and 10-A. Simple correlation analysis showed that spike length was significantly positive correlated with the number of spikelet per spike, the number of grain per spike and heading period, and significantly negative with yield per plant, 1000-grain weight and grain projection area. The number of spikelets per spike was significantly positive correlated with the number of grain per spikelet, and significantly negative correlated with 1000-grain weight and grain projection area. Cluster analysis suggested that all mutagenic lines could be clustered roughly into seven groups. A total of 192 mutagenic lines were clustered with 10-A as group Ⅰ. The lines from subgroup ⅠA and ⅠC showed superior comprehensive traits with more number of grains per spike and higher 1000-grain weight. Group Ⅱ included 25 mutagenic lines. For the other five groups, each group contained only one mutagenic line. This study could provide references for further understanding of the genetic basis of wheat agronomic traits. The mutagenic lines derived from 10-A could be used as typical materials in wheat breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 487-496. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0487To explore the relationship between S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase (SAMS) gene and the cadmium resistance in tomato. Both inbred lines and transgenic lines overexpressed SlSAMS1 were used as experimental materials. Hydroponics was adopted to study the effects of SlSAMS1 on antioxidant system and cadmium accumulation in tomato, real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) was also used to detect the expression of SlSAMS1 gene in tomato inbred lines under cadmium stress. The result indicated that SlSAMS1 can be significantly inducted by cadmium stress, meanwhile, the overexpression of SlSAMS1 gene could significantly alleviate chlorosis and growth inhibition caused by cadmium stress. Further studies showed that the overexpression could increase the efficiency of AsA-GSH cycle and activities of POD and CAT under cadmium stress, and reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the level of membrane lipid peroxidation under cadmium stress. Simultaneously, the overexpression of SlSAMS1 gene decreased the cadmium accumulation in roots, and reduced the harm of cadmium to roots. These results laid a theoretical foundation for further studying the function of SlSAMS1 gene and also provided a theoretical basis for alleviating physiological mechanism of cadmium stress in tomato.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 497-505. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0497In order to investigate the functions of PRC2 complex in the development progress and stress response of D. catenatum, the core subunits of D. catenatum PRC2 including DcCLF, DcSWN, DcEMF2, DcFIE and DcMSI1 were screened via bioinformatics method, and the interactions between them were analyzed by yeast two-hybrid assay, the tissue expression profiles of PRC2 core subunits were detected by semi-quantitative PCR, and their responses to abiotic stresses (low temperature, high temperature, and dehydration) and pathogen stresses (Sclerotium rolfsii and Botrytis cinerea) were examined by real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that the D. catenatum PRC2 complex contains five members: E(z) homologous genes DcCLF and DcSWN, Su(z)12 gene DcEMF2, ESC gene DcFIE, p55 gene DcMSI1. Their interaction relationships were mostly consistent with the mode in the model plant, but species specificity was also present, indicating that the PRC2 complex was both conservative and specific during evolution. The core subunits of PRC2 were widely expressed in the roots, stems, leaves, flower buds, and open flower, but distinct genes displayed discrepancies among different tissues. At the same time, PRC2 subunits were involved in response to different environmental factors and pathogens. DcCLF was significantly induced by various environmental stresses such as low temperature, high temperature and dehydration. DcMSI1 and DcEMF2 were remarkably up-regulated under the infection of Sclerotium rolfsii, while DcSWN was most induced under the infection of Botrytis cinerea. This study suggested that the D. catenatum PRC2 complex plays an important role in developmental program and stress response, which could be used as potential target genes for molecular-assisted breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 506-514. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0506The growth of Isochrysis galbana was significantly different during tertiary culture, and it grew best in the fully sterilized first culture stage and the worst in the unsterilized third culture stage. To reveal the relationship between the growth of I. galbana and its bacterial communities during cultivation, the diversity and composition of bacterial communities were investigated by analyzing the 16S rRNA clone libraries using high-throughput sequencing (Illumina HiSeq). There were distinctly differences among three culture stages. With Shannon and Simpson index, the bacterial community diversity in the first culture stage was the smallest. The relative abundance of Alteromonas macleodii was significantly higher in the third culture stage than that in the first stage based on MetaStat analysis, whereas that of Rhodococcus erythropolis was higher in the first culture stage. Additionally, 17 bacterial strains in the phycosphere of I. galbana, including A. macleodii, were isolated by the 2216E plate coating method and further identified. The phylogenetic results show that the whole phylogenetic tree is divided into 13 branches, corresponding to 13 genera, including Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas and Marinobacter.This study lays a foundation for exploring the interaction mechanism between microalgae and bacteria, and is helpful to improve the yield and quality of I. galbana in aquaculture.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 515-520. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0515With the improvement of living standards in China, there are more and more patients with metabolic syndromes, such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Foods rich in high resistant starch (RS) are beneficial for prevention and control of the metabolic syndrome, and have potential applications in the maintenance of intestinal health, such as prevention and control of colon cancer, colon polyps, enteritis, and so on. Rice is the staple food for 65% population in China, starch accounts for about 75% of the dry matter in a rice grain, but the content of RS in common rice varieties is usually less than 1%, rice with high RS has the same effect as high RS functional foods, so it is very important to breeding high RS rice and developing high RS rice products. In this paper, the research progresses of rice RS were reviewed, including the classification and influence factors of RS, the genetic mechanism of the RS formation, and the application of high RS rice domestically and abroad. Meanwhile, the future of the application and development of the rice in high RS was prospected, aiming to provide some valuable theoretical references for high RS rice breeding and corresponding product development.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 521-531. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0521To understand the influence of harvest maturity on quality and storability of kiwifruit (Actinidia eriantha) cv. White, and in turn to determine a desired harvested period for maintaining better quality and storability of White during postharvest, the kiwifruit cv. White were harvested at 155 d, 165 d and 175 d after full bloom (marked as maturity Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ), respectively, and changes in quality and storability in the fruit with different maturities, including fruit firmness, decay incidence, soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acid (TA) content, ascorbic acid (AsA) level, for 20 d and volatile aroma components, were investigated during storage at room temperature(23±1℃). The results showed that the maturityⅠand Ⅱ fruit maintained higher fruit firmness, higher levels of TA, SSC, AsA, and FRAP value, as well as lower fruit decay incidence compared to maturity Ⅲ fruit during postharvest. A total of 41, 33, and 36 kinds of volatile aroma components were found in maturity Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ fruit, respectively, and aldehydes and ketones were the main aroma components in White fruit during storage. Also, there was variation in the volatile aroma components in kiwifruit cv. White among different maturities, which the maturityⅠand Ⅱ fruit maintained higher relative contents of aldehydes, ketones and alcohols during storage, and presented better flavor quality than the maturity Ⅲ fruit. Thus, the maturityⅠandⅡ showed better storability due to retaining higher nutrition and flavor, as well as lower fruit decay. Our work might provide useful information for determining the appropriate harvest maturity for kiwifruit cv. White. For maintaining better fruit quality and longer storage life, it was suggested that the kiwifruit cv. White were harvested as far as possible before 165 d after full bloom.
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Effects of Different Cooking Methods on Edible Quality and Microstructure of Yak Rumen Smooth MuscleJournal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 532-538. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0532To clarify the effects of cooking methods on the eating quality changes of yak rumen smooth muscle, the cooking loss, heat shrinkage rate, shear force, texture, collagen content and microstructure of yak rumen smooth muscle were measured after they were cooked in water-bath(treatment 1: 80℃, 60 min), water-bath(treatment 2: 100℃, 60 min), steam-bath(100℃, 60 min), pressure-bath(0.20 MPa, 10 min), respectively. The results showed that the shear force of yak rumen smooth muscle cooked in water-bath treatment 1 was higher than other three cooking methods. The cooking loss and heat shrinkage rate of yak rumen smooth muscle were in water-bath treatment 2 was the greatest. The collagen content of yak rumen smooth muscle cooked in steam-bath was higher than other three cooking methods. The hardness and chewiness of yak rumen smooth muscle cooked in water-bath treatment 2 and steam-bath showed similar results and they were bigger than those of water-bath treatment 1 and pressure-bath; the shear force, hardness and chewiness of yak rumen smooth muscle cooked in pressure-bath was bigger than other three cooking methods. The HE staining results showed the yak rumen smooth muscle myofiber significantly shrinkage under water-bath treatment 1; The boundary of yak rumen smooth muscle between myofiber and perimysium was clear and the perimysium was distributed in the myofiber cooked in water-bath treatment 2 and steam-bath; the smooth muscle myofiber was significantly cracked under pressure-bath. The structural changes of yak rumen smooth muscle under different cooking methods can explain for the eating quality changes. The results provide theoretical basis and technical support for the processing of yak rumen smooth muscle.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 539-546. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0539In order to evaluate the nutrition and quality of Porphyra haitanensis at different harvesting stages in Shantou area, the basic nutritional components, amino acids, fatty acids, inorganic elements were analyzed, and its nutritional value was investigated.The results showed that there were significant differences in the contents of protein, total sugar, crude fiber, ash and fat with the harvest periods (P<0.05). A total of 17 amino acids were detected in Porphyra haitanensis, among which the highest contentreached 34.62 g·100g-1 in the last harvest of Porphyra haitanensis and the lowest was 30.87 g·100g-1 in the second harvest of Porphyra haitanensis. According to the nutritional evaluation by amino acids score (AAS) and chemical score (CS), the first restricted amino acid was Met. A total of 13 to 16 fatty acids were detected in the Porphyra haitanensis at different harvesting stages, all of which contained a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. 12 kinds of inorganic elements were detected in Porphyra haitanensis at different harvesting stages, including four major elements such as Na, Mg, K, and Ca, and eight trace elements such as Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, and Pb. This research provided a scientific basis for the sustainable and healthy development of Porphyra haitanensis processing in China.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 547-555. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0547The in vitro digestion model was constructed for exploring the digestion of Pyropia haitanensis prepared at different baking temperatures, the cell morphology was observed, the nutrient content and antioxidant activity were analyzed during the whole digestion, to obtain the relative results about P.haitanensis prepared at different temperature during the digestion process. The results showed the situation of P.haitanensis cell disruption was differential after digestion by the gastrointestinal tissue, the samples baked at 180℃ and 200℃ were higher than others. The in vitro digestion results illustrated free amino acids of it release was mainly occurred in the gastrointestinal process, soluble sugars and reducing sugars release were major in gastric process, and the antioxidant activity was obtained in the gastric digestion. Nutrient release and antioxidant activity were reached to maximum when it was baked at 180℃, following by the sample dealt by 200℃ condition. These results proved that baking at 180℃ was the best for digestion and absorption in gastrointestinal organization of Pyropia haitanensis. This research provides certain theoretical bases for improving P. haitanensis bioavailability and the evaluation of different processing conditions.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 556-563. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0556In order to improve the quality of rice starch by ultrasonication, the effect of ultrasonication treatment on the structure and functional characteristics of waxy and non-waxy rice starch was investigated. Waxy rice (Y26) and non-waxy rice (Y9) starch were treated by ultrasound the molecular structure, thermal rheological properties and digestibility of ultrasonicated starches were analyzed. Compared with the native starches, the properties changes of the two kinds of starch were similar after ultrasonication treatment i.e. the surface of the starch granules was cracked, amylose content was increased, the degree of crystallinity decreased, the ratio of 1047 cm-1/1022 cm-1 of the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum was increased first and then decreased, the elastic modulus was decreased, and the gel strength was decreased. The difference between gelatinization termination temperature and initial temperature (Tc-To) decreased, the content of rapidly digestible starch and resistant starch increased, but two starches after treatment varied different extent of the changes. After ultrasonication treatment, the strength of starch gelatinized gel decreased, and the content of resistant starch increased rapidly. This study provides preliminary experimental basis that in the production process, suitable ultrasonic treatment conditions could be determined according to the required of starch properties for different industrial applications.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 564-572. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0564In order to establish a rapid and nondestructive method for the evaluation of chemical quality and color of tea leaf/ beverage, seven representative tea samples were selected as materials, and the freeze-dried powder of tea was prepared from boiling water beverages. The fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra for 14 samples, including 7 kinds of tea leaves and their beverages, were collected. The content of polyphenols, polysaccharide, soluble sugar, main catechins and alkaloid were determined through clustering analysis, spectral curve fitting and quantification analysis with the combination of common chemical analysis methods. The results showed that the spectra of different tea types were significantly different, which reflected the differences of lipids, catechins, free amino acid, caffeine and chlorophyll content caused by tea processing. The classification of tea leaves could be achieved by using the narrow characteristic region of 1 800-1 170 cm-1. The spectrum of tea leaves and corresponding beverage also had significant difference, demonstrating the tea compounds change in the process of boiling and dissolving. The main characteristic peak area (location) were as following: 2 925/2 855 cm-1 represented -CH2 vibration in saturated lipid, 1 700 cm-1 for catechins and alkaloids, 1534 cm-1 for the chlorophyll demineralization process, 1 551/1 556 cm-1 and 1 500/1 497 cm-1 for the stretching vibration of the middle methyl bridge of chlorophyll, and 1 516/1 517 cm-1 for the benzodiazepine C=C stretching vibration in lignin. This study provides an effective and rapid nondestructive analysis method of chemical quality test for tea leaf and instant tea in the market.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 573-581. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0573To explore the correlation of stable isotopes and mineral element compositions of tea with its cultivated soil and water source, 4 stable isotope ratios (i.e. δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, δ18O) and 23 mineral elements contents (Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sr, etc.) from tea, soil and water samples collected in pairs from Rizhao and Laoshan districts, Shandong province, were analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometers (IRMS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers (ICP-MS), respectively. The results showed that δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, δ18O values and mineral elements signatures of tea from Rizhao district and Laoshan district were significantly different. The correlations of stable isotope signatures of tea with that of soil (δ13C, δ15N) and water source (δD, δ18O) were comprehensively investigated by linear regression analysis, respectively. δ15N values of tea and cultivated soil were considerably correlated (R2=0.450 7), while δ13C values was not highly correlated (R2=0.289 5). Moreover, the correlations of both δ18O and δD values in tea with water source were very low, R2 was just 0.156 2 and 0.021 4. Furthermore, the correlations of stable isotopes and mineral elements were presented using multi-variable heat map, which demonstrated the significant negative correlation of δ13C values between tea and soil, and no significant correlation of δ18O between tea and water source. Meanwhile, the correlations between mineral elements in tea and soil were also different, which indicates that mineral elements of tea including Cd, Li, Co, Sr and Mo were considerably correlated with that of soil. This study reveals the fractionation of stable isotopes and the correlation of stable isotopes with different elements between tea, soil and water sources, which can be reference for the future study on the isotope fractionation and element accumulation for agricultural products and environmental factors.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 582-591. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0582Raman spectroscopy is used for the rapid prediction of the content of trans fatty acids (TFAs) after oil heating. Three edible oils were heated at 190℃ (common frying temperature) for different time, and 36 Raman spectra were collected for each sample. Firstly, the original spectral data is preprocessed by polynomial smoothing and standard normal variable transformation to remove the background and noise interference; then the spectral data is filtered by the characteristic variables using uninformative variable elimination (UVE); qualitative and quantitative analysis models were established based on the full spectrum data and the selected characteristic spectral variables. The experimental results were compared and analyzed. The results show that. Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) is used to establish a qualitative discriminant model, and the discriminant accuracy rate is improved from 40%-50% to over 90% based on the selected variables, indicating that the selected variables can be better characterized. Based on the screening variables and the full-spectrum data, the mathematical prediction model of TFAs content in different samples was established using PLSR, BP neural network and SVR method. Through the comparative analysis of the prediction results, it is shown that the non-information variable elimination combined with the support vector regression machine method (UVE-SVR) had a good detection effect. The R2 of the TFAs content rapeseed oil, soybean oil, and corn oil were upgraded from 0.850 4, 0.943 5, and 0.753 4 to 0.952 6, 0.954 8, and 0.958 5, respectively. Therefore, the UVE-SVR method not only simplifies the prediction model, but also improves the stability and accuracy of the model. It also provides a feasible method for the rapid detection of TFA in the edible oil.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 592-600. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0592In order to investigate the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and distribution of intercropped maize, the suitable maize RY 1210 (low yield reduction compared to monocropping) and unsuitable maize ZHY No.1 and ZWY 18 (great yield reduction compared to monocropping) were cultivated in intercropping and monocropping. The13C isotope tracer method was used to explore the the yield, yield composition, the charcteristics of dry matter accumulation and distribution of suitable intercropped maize varieties. The results showed that the yield difference of ZHY No.1 and ZWY 18 reached a significant level under the condition of intercropping and monocropping, and the two-year average yield reduction rate was 20.40%, while RY1210 had no significant difference. Compared with monocropping, the dry matter assimilation and harvest index of ZHY No.1 and ZWY 18 under the intercropping condition decreased by 21.18% and 11.24%, respectively, while that of RY1210 under the intercropping condition increased by 48.14% and 2.42%, respectively. Under the condition of intercropping, the distribution ratio of13C from ear leaf to spike in wide row was 5.96% higher than that of the narrow row, but the distribution to stem and ear leaf decreased by 5.01% and 0.13% separately. The transfer rate of13C from ear leaf to spike of was 10.90% higher than that of ZHY No.1 and ZWY 18 in narrow row, but the transfer rate of13C from ear leaf to stem of RY1210 was decreased by 8.98%. Therefore, RY 1210 can maintain higher dry matter accumulation after anthesis, improve the transport of photosynthate to grain, and significantly increase the harvest index and the soybean yield, which achieved the goal of double-high yield of maize and soybean and provide a theoretical basis for selecting and breeding the maize varieties under intercropping system.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 601-609. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0601In order to explore the biological risks of erythromycin in soil, Chinese Flowering Cabbage was used for studying the release, transformation and bioavailability of erythromycin bound residues (BR) in soil by 14C tracing. The effects of two organic fertilizers, such as chicken manure and biosolid on the process were also discussed. Results showed that after incubation for 45 days, the bound residues were decreased to 59.83% of initial amount, among which about 15.00% were converted to extractable residues. The absorption and disturbance of plant roots can promote the transformation of bound residues (P<0.05). The bound residues of 14C-erythromycin in soil were bioavailable and could be absorbed by the Flowering Chinese Cabbage, and then transported to its edible parts with a transport coefficient of 0.34. Autoradiography results showed that 14C-erythromycin bound residues absorbed by the plant were mainly distributed in leaves and roots. The amendment of organic fertilizers such as chicken manure and biosolid could slow down the release of the bound residues and increase the content of binding residues in fulvic acid (P<0.05), resulting in longer persistent of erythromycin contamination in the soil, it can promote the uptake of 14C-erythromycin into cabbage at the same time. Fractionation of humic acids showed that bound residues of 14C-erythromycin were mainly distributed in soil fulvic acid (87.92% - 97.21%), and was released continuously with time. The addition of organic fertilizers increased the contents of binding residues in fulvic acid. It is of great significance for evaluating the ecological safety of erythromycin in soil.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 610-620. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0610In order to explore replanting feed-rape feasibility in winter wheat field in central of Shanxi province during summer fallow period, the experiment was conducted 2015-2016 to study effects of replanting feed-rape on the growth, soil nutrients and annual economic benefits in winter wheat field. After harvesting preceding-crop wheat, the feed-rape was replanted in wheat filed. Three treatments were set up involving in the fallow land (no-replant feed-rape, CK0), feed-rape half-harvested returned to field (CK1) and total-harvested returned to field (T). The varieties of feed-rape and winter-wheat were Huayouza 62 and CA0547, respectively. The results showed that compared to the CK0 and CK1, treatment T was beneficial to increase the number of green leaves per plant before heading stage, to improve the dry-matter and N, P nutrient accumulations of plant in middle and later growth stages, and to prolong the flag leaf area in filling stage, as well as enhance the grains per ear, grain yield and contents of prolamin, glutelin and total protein of grain. Treatment T was beneficial to improve the soil organic content in 0-20 cm soil layers and the activity of urease and sucrose in 0-40 cm soil layer. For the perspective of economic benefit of rape-wheat, the CK1treatments 128.9% and 260.0% higher than the CK0 and T treatments, respectively. The comprehensive analysis showed that re-planted feed-rape in summer fallow period and total-harvested returned to field can increase the grain yield and quality and improve the soil fertilization. The harvesting of the feed-rape in the summer fallow period can achieve higher annual economic benefits. This research results provide a theoretical basis for appropriate management of the summer fallow period in winter-wheat field to increase the wheat yield and grains quality and improve soil fertilization and annual economic benefits.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 621-628. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0621To effectively improve crop water and nutrient use efficiencies under summer maize cropping system, the integrated drip fertigation technology was explored in Northern China. Results show that, compared with control treatment of flooding irrigation, the drip fertigation treatments significantly increase crop leaf area index during big bell stage and filling stage, improving the aboveground dry matter, ear diameter and number of grains per ear from silking stage to maturity stage, reducing the length of bald top of ear of summer maize to some extent, and thus significantly enhances crop yield by 5.32%~6.13%. Meanwhile, the crop water use efficiency in drip fertigation increases by 36.10%~39.42%, nitrogen use efficiency increasing by 37.56%~35.29%, phosphorus use efficiency increases by 23.09%~30.30%, potassium use efficiency enhancing by 106.21%~121.51% in contrast with flooding irrigation. The drip fertigation not only apparently increase the crop yield, but also improve the economic benefits of maize production. Compared with flooding irrigation, the drip fertigation effectively reduces the input-output ratio, in addition, it improves economic return rate by 4.71 percentage points averagely. Therefore, it is feasible to use drip fertigation on summer maize in Chao soil in Northern China, which can improve the economic benefits while increasing crop yield under the condition of chemical fertilizer reduction by 20%.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 629-634. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0629In order to explore the reasonable application of phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) through micro-sprinkler irrigation, effects of P and K fertilizer application and application methods on yield of Liangxing 99 and fertilizer utilization were investigated. Three kinds of fertilization methods were set under the conditions of 30% phosphorus and potassium fertilizer reduction and conventional fertilization, and the method and dosage of traditional large-water flood irrigation were used as control (CK). The results showed that under the condition of 30% reduction of P and K fertilizer of micro-sprinkler irrigation, 70% of N fertilizer and 30% of joint application of root fertilizer, all of the bottom of K fertilizer, 50% of P fertilizer and 50% of jointing stage increased N, P and K accumulation and yield of wheat during maturity were 21.86%, 10.02%, 10.23% and 11.33% higher than CK. Compared with the control and the conventional fertilizer rate, the treatment with P and K fertilizer reduced by 30% used at base stage and jointing stage, with irrigation three times including wintering stage, jointing stage and filling stage and irrigation amount of 1500 m3·hm-2 through micro-sprinkler irrigation, the wheat yield, the accumulation of N, P and K at mature stage, the partial productivity and the production ratio to investment increased. This study provides a theoretical basis for the efficient cultivation and stable yield of wheat in southern Shanxi Province.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 635-641. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0635To investigate effects of different forms of sulfur on the content of available sulfur in soil and quality characters in edible pakchoi, a plot experiment was conducted to evaluate the parameters such as soil pH, available sulfur in soil, biomass and nutritional quality in edible parts of pakchoi. The results showed that application of potassium sulfate (S
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 642-649. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0642High temperature stress during grain-filling stage often have adverse effects on wheat. In order to clarify the effects of high temperature during grain-filling stage on protein components and dough mixing characteristic in different wheat cultivars, parameters related to wheat quality such as grain hardness, starch viscous spectrum, protein components and mixing parameters were analyzed after harvesting Jimai22(JM22)and Xinmai26(XM26), by erecting artificial greenhouse to increase temperature in field at early and mid grain-filling stage, in addition to use the treatments without stress as the contrasts. The results indicated that all the parameters of starch viscous spectrum except for recovery value rose in Jimai22, while all the parameters in Xinmai26 decreased, compared with the controls, respectively. The starch viscous spectrums of peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity and peak time increased by 2.81% and 18.63%, 7.71% and 19.51%, 11.88% and 21.15%, 1.88% and 12.22%, 2.45% and 4.08%, in cultivar JM22 after S1 and S2 treatments, compared with CK. S2 showing significant differences to S1 and CK in above parameters, while no apparent differences were found between S1 and CK. For cultivar XM26, the spectrums of peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity and recovery value of S2 and S1 dropped by 12.95% and 31.21%,1.81% and 27.18%,2.50% and 22.22%, 3.57% and 14.39%, compared with CK. Significant differences were noticed in the spectrums of peak viscosity among S2, S1 and CK. S2 had greater effects on starch viscosity spectrums in the two cultivars than S1 did. Protein content in grain of JM22 decreased after high temperature, while that of XM26 increased. Composition contents of protein in each cultivar changed by high temperature happened at grain-filling stages. Glutenin content of JM22 grain decrease by 4.52% and 6.01% in S1 and S2 treatments with significant differences, compared with the control. As for cultivar XM26, significant increase was found in glutenin content after S1 and S2 with the increase of 13.66% and 17.27%, in insoluble protein content with the increase of 28.95% and 34.80%, accompanying with significant increase of Glu/Gli value. Dough mixing properties of the two cultivars rose after high temperature stress. Traits of peak time, peak height and 8 min width in JM22 and XM26 increased significantly, increasing by 8.50% and 42.80%, 12.20% and 2.80%, 26.57% and 68.30% after S1 treatment, respectively. Only trait of peak time increased after S2 treatment, increasing significantly by 9.60% and 28.50% in JM22 and XM26. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for quality promotion of special high quality wheat.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 650-660. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0650The aim of this study is to investigate the response of cherry tomato and its waterlogging tolerance to the number of days under flooding stress at seedling stage. Qianxi, Lixinjiaxi, Hongfei 6, Hongzuanshi and Taiwanzanmei, five common cherry tomato varieties from tropical regions, were selected in this study. Physiological and biochemical indexes such as superoxide anion radical (
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 661-668. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0661In order to ensure the safe production of selenium (Se)-enriched citrus, effect of cadmium(Cd) associated with Se-enriched soil on citrus growth, uptake and transport of Se and Cd, and antioxidant capacity were clarified. In this study, potted old Daya were employed as the experimental material and plants in selenomethionine (SeMet) condition were as the control for the Se-enriched soil, and in the addition of Cd condition as the simulation of the association of Cd-Se in Se-enrich soil as the treatment. The growth parameters, contents of Se and Cd, and the efficiency of cycle of ascorbic acid (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) in leaves were measured. The results showed that in the Se-enriched soil, the content of chlorophyll a+b, a, b and carotenoid in citrus leaves was increased by Cd-Se associated treatment, but no significant effects were found on plant height, length of new shoots, number of new shoots and dry matters of root, leaves and stems. In Se-enriched soil, Se-Cd associated treatment significantly increased the content of Se and the biological concentration factor (BCF) of Se, but decreased the translocation factor (TF) of Se. In addition, Se and Cd were mainly distributed in roots, followed by leaves and stems. In AsA-GSH cycle, hydrogen peroxide content was increased by Se-Cd associated treatment, and the contents of AsA and oxidation of ascorbic acid (DHA) were also increased. Meanwhile, the enzyme activities of ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX), the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GR) and dehydrogenation of ascorbic acid reductase (DHAR) were increased. The levels of GSH and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were reduced. The ratios of AsA/(AsA+DHA) and GSH/(GSSG+GSH) were not significantly reduced by Cd-Se associated treatment. This study provides theoretical basis for elucidating the physiological influence mechanism of Cd stress on Se-enriched soil.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 34(3): 669-679. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.03.0669In order to explore the germplasm resources and recommend excellent variety of heat-tolerant non-heading Chinese cabbage for production, this study applied multivariate statistical method to comprehensively analyze the antioxidant related indexes of 19 green stalks of non-heading Chinese cabbage with high temperature stress treated. Results showed that after 5 days of high temperature stress, the average coefficient of variation of each index for different cultivar was 33.26%. The rate of superoxide anion radical generation is significantly different among varieties, and the other indicators are significantly different. The correlations of these indexes reached significant level and six of them are most significant; the rate of superoxide anion radical (
