10 November 2019, Volume 33 Issue 11
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2095-2102. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2095To study the biological damage effects of 60Co-γ rays irradiation on pear branch, one-year dormant shoots of Cuiguan and Yuluxiang pear were used as materials and treated with different 60Co-γ radiation doses (0, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy). The results showed that the survival rates of grafted branches of the two pear cultivars were both gradually decreased with the increment of radiation dose. The radiation treatments resulted in malformed leaves, and two or three bifurcated branches. The leaves SPAD (soil and plant analyzer development) values were analyzed by the PCA (principal component analysis) and PLSS-DA (partial least squares-discriminant analysis), we found that 60Co-γ radiations with each dose all made great difference on the Cuiguan pear branches, whereas the Yuluxiang pear branches were only affected by 20 Gy and 40 Gy irradiation. In addition, the germinated leaves of radiated Yuluxiang pear branches were liable to be infected by anthrax (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides). These results provide a theoretical basis for increasing genetic variation, creating new germplasm materials and speeding up breeding new varieties in pear.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2103-2110. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2103In order to explore the cytological and morphological identification and transmission rate of the introduced primary trisomics in maize, the primary trisomics were used as material. Chromosome number of primary trisomics was determined by root tip chromosome counting method, and karyotype analysis was based on the criteria proposed by Li Mao and Chen Ruiyang. Morphological investigation mainly used direct counting method, and pollen fertility was identified by iodine staining method. Cytological identification showed that T1-T10 was the primary trisomics of maize, which increased the number of chromosomes 1 to 10, respectively. The primary trisomics mainly consisted of mid-centromere chromosome and near-mid-centromere chromosome. Chromosome 6 had satellite, no B chromosome, and the karyotype type was relatively symmetrical B type. In plant morphology, except for T3 plants which were taller than diploid plants, the other primary trisomics had smaller traits than diploid plants, indicating that the vitality and growth potential of primary trisomics were mostly weaker than that of diploid plants due to the addition of one chromosome. t-test showed that T1 could preliminarily identify trisomic plants by measuring leaf length, T3, T5, T7 and T9 could preliminarily identify trisomic plants by pollen fertility test, and T6 could preliminarily identify trisomics plants by detecting female spike length and fertility. The results of phenotypic observation of marker genes in primary trisomics showed that there was no necessary relationship between the trait expression of marker genes and whether the plant was trisomics or not. The results of transmission rate showed that the transmission rate of extra chromosomes through trisomics self-crossing was 3.4%-25.0%, higher than that through female gametes only (1.7%-21.7%) and male gametes only (0-6.0%). The identification of maize primary trisomics should be based on cytological identification, combined with morphological identification, and its extra chromosomes can get higher transmission rate and seed setting rate through trisomic self-crossing. This results of this study lay a theoretical foundation for gene mapping using maize primary trisomics.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2111-2118. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2111Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated gene silence is feasible and convenient, but the silencing efficiency for maize gens is too low to be practically applied according to the reported methods under the routine condition. In order to optimize the TRV-VIGS system for gene silencing in maize and identify the resistance gene of top rot disease, a silencing vector of pTRV2-ZmPDS was constructed to target phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene of maize, and the experimental factors of TRV-VIGS system including seed soaking, Agrobacterium strain, vacuum assisted infiltration and co-cultivation conditions were screened to increase efficiency of gene silencing. The results showed that seed soaking for 24 h, vacuum assisted groinfiltration by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LB4404 for 60 min after peeling off the seed coat, and co-cultivation for 10 h, the percentage of the plants showing the symptoms of albino seedling was 25.1%-29.3% of the emerged plants, and 8-10 times higher than the silencing efficiency of 3% before the optimization. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the transcription level of the ZmPDS gene in albino seedling was significantly lower than that of the control or unbleached plants. By using the optimized TRV-VIGS system to silence the ZmMAC3 gene, the high resistance of maize hybrid Xianyu 335 was lost and showed typical symptoms of top rot after inoculation with Fusarium submucus. It indicated that the MAC3 protein was the key regulator required for innate immunity and disease resistance in maize, similar to dicotyledonous plants. In summary, the optimized TRV-VIGS system could be used to identify the gene function in maize.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2119-2125. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2119In order to find more polymorphic SSR markers which available for constructing the sugarcane genetic linkage maps, 6 brown rust highly resistant varieties and 6 brown rust highly susceptible varieties were used as the parents to construct twelve crosses according to the principle of susceptible female × resistance male, then the primers with clear bands, obvious polymorphism and good repeatability were screened. Results showed that the numbers of polymorphic primers between Liucheng 03-1137 and Dezhe 93-88, Mex 105 and Yuetang 00-236 were the most, with 52.38% and 47.62% of the total respectively; among these polymorphic primers, 10 pairs of primers, including 18-mSSCIR34、22-mSSCIR38、25-mSSCIR48、32-mSSCIR67、51-mSSCIR50、57-MSSCIR21、71-SMC1490CL*、73-SMC278CS*、75-SMC31CUQ*、77-SMC336BS*, showed rich polymorphism in the parental group of Liucheng 03-1137 × Dezhe 93-88, and 7 pairs of primers, including 22-mSSCIR38、25-mSSCIR48、45-mSSESTC04、51-mSSCIR50、67-mSSCIR9*、76-SMC334BS*、80-SMC486CG*, showed rich polymorphism in the parental group of Mex 105 × Yuetang 00-236. These polymorphic primers will contribute to constructing a molecular genetic map. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for the research on the localization of new brown rust resistance gene and developing their molecular genetics linkage markers.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2126-2132. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2126In order to analyze the polymorphism and sequence characteristics of DRA gene from Holstein cattle, polymorphism in encoding regions of DRA gene from Holstein cattle was analyzed via pooled genomic DNA amplification and sequencing, the physicochemical characteristics of DRA gene and advanced structures of its coding protein were predicted by bioinformatics methods. The results showed there were 4 SNPs in encoding regions of DRA gene from Holstein cattle, including 1 missense mutation and 3 synonymous mutations. The encoding protein was stable and insoluble containing 253 amino acids and 15 potential phosphorylation sites. The putative secondary structure of DRA protein was mixed and putative protein tertiary structure was consisted of alpha helix, β-pleated sheet, β-turn and random coil. These results could provide theoretical basis for selection of disease correlation genes and molecular breeding for disease resistance in Holstein cattle.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2133-2146. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2133In order to reveal the difference between thick root(TR) and storage root(SR) of sweet potato with difference drought tolerance from protein level, and further explicit the mechanism, two varieties including Jishu21 (JS21) with strong drought tolerance and Jizishu1 (JZS1) with weak drought tolerance were chosen as research material. The isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification(iTRAQ) is used to reveal differential expression proteins between thick root (TR) and storage root (SR) by artificial water to simulate moderate drought stress in rainproof shelter. The results indicated that total 2003 differential expressed proteins were identified in eight comparable groups, among which there were 1 716 reliable protein and 819 dynamic expression protein. Compared with TR, differential proteins in SR of JS21 and JZS1 under drought stress mainly focused on biological process of carbohydrate synthesis and energy metabolism which located in cytoplasm by GO analysis. But compared with SR of JZS1, the differential proteins in SR of JS21 were enriched in molecular function of peroxidase and oxidoreductase activity. KEGG analysis showed lignin metabolism played an important regulatory role in roots differentiation and drought responses. According to differential proteins analysis in starch and sucrose pathway and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, we found JS21 accumulated starch by ADPGase, but JZS1accumulated starch by ADPGase and UDPGase under normal condition. Under drought stress, starch synthesis was greater than decomposition in SR of JS21, but the result was opposite for sucrose synthesis in SR of JZS. Diverse antioxidant enzymes existed in TR of two varieties under normal condition, which peroxidase in JS21 storage root was induced by drought and resulted key enzymes of lignin biosynthesis were up-regulated expression by drought. Sucrose synthase was considered as a vital metabolism enzyme which supplied energy for JZS1 under drought. In conclusion, under drought condition, peroxidase which had existed in TR and induced in SR could synergistically resist drought stress in JS21 with strong drought tolerance, but JZS1 with weak drought tolerance only maintained energy metabolism by sucrose synthase and lignification were aggravated. The study can provide specific clues for physiological identification of drought tolerance sweetpotato and exploration of related genes.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2147-2157. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2147Aimto study the effects of different age on rumen bacterial flora diversity in yaks. Total DNA of rumen microorganisms from 1-year-old young bazhou yaks and 4-year-old adult bazhou yaks in Xinjiang region were used as materials. OTU clustering, species abundance and Alpha diversity at phylogenetic and generic levels of rumen bacterial flora of yaks were analyzed by using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes changed from 66.96% to 70.31%, the relative abundance of Bacteroides changed from 21.87% to 24.11%, and the proportion of other bacterials were very small. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Prevotella in the rumen of young bazhou yaks was higher than that of adult bazhou yaks, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus in the rumen of young bazhou yaks was higher than that of adult bazhou yaks. The Chao1 index of young and adult bazhou yaks were 783.50 and 544.00, Shannon indexes were 4.68 and 4.52, respectively. Therefore, under the same grassland grazing conditions, the rumen bacterial flora composition of 1-year-old and 4-year-old Bazhou yaks was significant difference. The rumen digestion and absorption function of young yaks was in the process of transformation and establishment, so Chao1 and Shannon indexes were higher than that of adult yaks, and the diversity and abundance of rumen bacterial were higher. This results of the study provide important reference for the study of microbial homeostasis and nutritional regulation in yak rumen.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2158-2164. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2158The GAF domain presenting in various proteins are involved in maintaining protein conformation stability and signal transduction. The GAF domain often receives and transduces signals through binding to small signal molecules such as cGMP,cAMP,chromophore and heme, and functions as light or odor receptors in company with other regulation domains. In this paper, the basic characteristics, classification, structure and functions of GAF domains are summairzed, which provides theory basis for the researches of the signal transduction pathway and stress resistance.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2165-2176. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2165To extend the shelf-life of blueberry, the blueberriy was packed with general crisper and patented crisper, combined with60Co-γ irradiation to analyze the effect of irradiation on the microstructure, physiological and biochemical indexes, essential nutrient content. The results indicated that 1.0 kGy irradiation decreased the aerobic bacterial count, maintained the microstructure, color, hardness and antioxidant properties of the blueberry, reduced the consumption of nutrients such as anthocyanins, total phenols and Vc effectively, thus, extended the storage time of blueberry. Radiation treatment with the dose of 2.0 kGy accelerated the senescence and quality deterioration of blueberry due to the damage to the fruit. The patented crisper has the advantages over ordinary commercial crisper in keeping fresh with the modified-atmosphere. Therefore, the combination of low-dose gamma irradiation treatment and patented crisper is the best for extending the shelf-life of blueberry.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2177-2185. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2177In order to evaluate the flavor quality and nutritional value of different cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicon var. Cerasiforme) varieties, a comparative analysis on the flavor and nutrition determinant parameters (soluble solids content, total sugar content, organic acid content, sugar-acid ratio, ascorbic acid (Vc) content, amino acid constitution and content) in eight cherry tomato varieties was conducted. The results showed some flavor (soluble solids content, total sugar content, organic acid content, Vc content) and nutrition (total amino acid content, essential amino acid content, amino acid pattern spectrum) determinant parameters in red-fruit cherry tomato varieties, specially Zheyingfen No.1 and Zheyinghong No.1, were more preferable than those in the yellow-fruit tomato varieties. The contents of soluble solids, total sugar, organic acid, Vc, flavor amino acids (fresh, sweetness, and aromatic categories), as well as the total amino acid nutritional value of Zheyingfen No.1 (a red-fruit variety), were relatively higher than other tested varieties. Some flavor and nutritive value determinant parameters showed certain degree of conservatism, demonstrated by the low coefficient of variation (CV) of total sugar and Vc contents among different red-fruit cherry tomato varieties, and also the low CV of organic acid, total amino acid, essential amino acid, sweetness amino acid content among the yellow-fruit cherry tomato varieties. The amino acid nutritive value analysis indicated that valine (Val) and leucine (Leu) were the main limiting amino acids for cherry tomato fruits. This study provides some theoretical guidance for the breeding of high quality cherry tomato variety.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2186-2194. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2186The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of non dipped and dipped fruit (10 mg·L-1 Forchlorfenuron) on the fruit yield and quality, such as the amino acids and aroma components of Guichang kiwi fruit. The yield at the harvest stage and quality at the edible stage were carried out, with the amino acids and aroma components in edible stage analyzed by HPLC and solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), respectively. The results indicate that the dipped fruit by 10 mg·L-1 forchlorfenuron had effectively increase average weight and volume of single fruit, as well as the content of dry matter and soluble solid. However, the fruit shape index, firmness and the content of vitamin C, titratable acid, and soluble protein were significantly reduced. Furthermore, the dipped fruit by 10 mg·L-1 forchlorfenuron significantly increased the content of proline and sweet amino acids, but with significantly decreased content of total amino acids, tasty, bitter and aromatic amino acids. 70 kinds of aroma components, including lipids, alcohols, aldehydes, alkenes and alkanes were detected for Guichang kiwi fruit. The main aroma components of non-dipped fruit were ethyl butyrate, methyl butyrate, whereas methyl benzoate and ethyl benzoate, and ethyl butyrate, methyl benzoate, methyl butyrate and (E) -2-hexenal had a larger contribution to the aroma for the dipped fruit. The dipped fruit by 10 mg·L-1 forchlorfenuron could increase the proportion of aldehydes, alcohols, alkenes and alkanes in aroma components, and improve the diversity of aroma, which offers theoretical data for the deep processing of Guichang Kiwi fruit.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2195-2202. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2195The purpose of this paper is to investigate the changes of correlation between sensory evaluation and freshness of 4℃ cold-chain Spanish mackerel over time during the cold-chain circulation and storage. The quality changes of cold-chain Spanish mackerel, including volatile base nitrogen, pH value, 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA), histaminase contents. The results showed that the content of each freshness index increased, the sensory quality decreased, and the count of microorganism increased with the extension of circulation and storage time. The shelf life of cold chain Spanish mackerel was about 168 h. In addition, all the freshnes indexes except for TBA were significantly correlated with microbial indexes and sensory evaluation (P<0.05). This study provided a reference and theoretical basis for the optimization of cold-chain conditions and selecting appropriate freshness evaluation indexes for Spanish mackerel.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2203-2210. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2203Muraenesox cinereus (M. cinereus) is a major commercial marine fish and has been caught widely on the coast of China. In order to study the effect of gallic acid (GA) on the inhibition of oxidative stress and gel properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) from M. cinereus, the MP was treated under hydroxyl radical oxidation system and with different concentrations of GA. The inhibitory effects of different concentrations of GA on the oxidation of M. cinereus MP were investigated and the scanning electron microscopy and gel properties were used to analyze the cross-linking effects of GA and MP. The results showed that the carbonyl content and surface hydrophobicity of the M. cinereus MP increased significantly (P<0.05), and the total sulfhydryl content and gel water holding capacity decreased significatly (P<0.05) by oxidation. GA with different concentrations can inhibited the oxidation of MP, especially when the concentrations of GA was 0.10% and 0.15%, and the gel holding capacity was conspicuously enhanced (P<0.05). The results of circular dichroism showed that the concentrations of 0.10% and 0.15% of GA increased the α-helix and β-sheet content of MP. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that addition of 0.15% GA formed a more condensed and elastic gel microstructure. To conclude, GA with a concentration of 0.15% can effectively inhibit MP oxidation and improve the water holding capacity and microstructure of MP gel.This study provides a theoretical basis and support for GA in the application of processing and of aquatic products.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2211-2220. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2211The effect of processing of low-sugar preserved ginger on the fate of thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim were systemically evaluated.In order to assess the persistence during Jiangyong fragrant-ginger processing,the pesticide residues were strengthened by dipping with the solution.Pesticide residues were determined by Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry after main procedure and the processing factors of two pesticides in main product samples were calculated.The results showed that during the whole process of low-sugar preserved ginger, the residue of thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim could be significantly reduced to a certain extent after each process except for the two drying processes. The washing step reduced thiophanate-methyl residues by 62.3% and carbendazim residues by 31.1%. The peeling process is the effective step to remove pesticide residues and yielded 82.0% loss in thiophanate-methyl and 72.9% loss in carbendazim from washed ginger. The blanching step reduced thiophanate-methyl residues by 36.8% and carbendazim residues by 77.3%, respectively. Hardening, sugar-immersing and upper coating exerted limited positive effects on the removal of thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim. The processing factors (PFs) of low sugar preserved ginger samples after each step were generally less than 1, the PFs of the overall process for thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim were 0.010 and 0.023, indicating the whole process can significantly reduce the thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim residues that were present in low sugar preserved ginger(P<0.05).The research can provide reference for the optimization of ginger processing technology as well as the dietary exposure assessment of pesticide residues.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2221-2228. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2221In order to explore the potential roles of amino acids as natural plasticizers of gelatin film, we investigated the effect of different amino acids (proline, leucine, glutamate, serine and methionine) on thickness, mechanical properties, water vapour permeability, light transmission, color, and structure of gelatin films. The results showed that amino acids increased except proline the flexibility of the gelatin film compared with the control group except methionine. Amino acids increased except proline the yellowness and reduced the transparency of gelatin film. Gelatin film incorporated with proline showed better flexibility, better surface characteristics with smooth and firm surface, and higher transparency, light transmittance and flexibility than the other amino acids. According to FTIR spectra and secondary structure results, proline, serine and methionine could interact with gelatin chain by hydrogen bond, and the addition of them reduced the random coil structure of gelatin, and increased the content of β-sheet and β-turn structure. These results indicated that proline can be used as natural plasticization of gelatin films, which provided a new perspective for the application of plasticizers in gelatin films.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2229-2236. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2229The research aimed to investigate the influence of asparagus on intestinal bacterial diversity in high-fat diet mice. Experimental animals were randomly divided into 4 diet treatments:the control normal group was fed with basic diet,the high-fat diet, high-fat diet with asparagus and high-fat diet with Jiangzhiligan decoction were fed with high-fat diet.Respectively gastric distilled water (control normal group, high-fat diet group), asparagus 2.10 g·kg-1 dose of asparagus (high fat-diet asparagus group), Jiangzhiligan decoction 1.19 g·kg-1 (high-fat diet Jiangzhiligan decoction group).Each mouse was given by gavage 2 times a day,0.35mL each time. After that, extracted the intestinal microbes total DNA for genome sequencing analysis of 16S rDNA V4 area. The results showed that there were 1 264 OTU species in the control normal group, 1 564 OTU species in the high-fat diet group, 1 354 OTU species in the high-fat diet Jiangzhiligan decotion group and 1 654 OTU species in the high-fat diet asparagus group. Jiangzhiligan decoction could restore the number of intestinal bacteria OTUs, but asparagus inhibited them. Alpha diversity analysis showed the Chao, Shannon, ACE and Simpson index were lower in the high-fat diet asparagus group , high-fat diet Jiangzhiligan decoction group and the control normal group than in the high-fat diet group, and the Shannon index value was significantly lower in the high-fat diet asparagus group than that in high-fat diet group. In the level of species,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in high-fat diet asparagus group were between high-fat diet group and control normal group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in high-fat diet Jiangzhiligan decoction group were between that of the high-fat diet group and control normal group,There was difference in the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria among the groups, but it was not obvious. The results showed that asparagus could reduce fat by changing the structure of intestinal flora, offereing theoretical basis for he further development and research of asparagus products.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2237-2245. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2237In order to protect Shandong tea with protected Designation of Origin, the characteristics of light stable isotope, mineral element content or isotope ratio of green tea samples were determined by elemental analyzer-stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), and the origin identification were discussed by chemometrics.The results showed that the difference of δ13C, δ2H, and δ18O in Shandong tea was not significant; δ2H and δ18O of littoral were higher than that of inland near littoral, and δ18O was linearly correlated with δ2H (R2=0.8175); δ15N was larger in Laoshan origin which was significantly different with that of other origins. As for geological condition of Linyi-Tai'an region were different from those of Laoshan, Jiaonan and Rizhao, which makessome elementsappear spatial distribution. PLS-DA was used to establish the models of tea in Laoshan and Rizhao origins, and total discriminant accuracy were 97.85% and 96.4%, respectively. Tea samples from the two producing areas wereeffectively distinguished. The significance of this study was thatlight stable isotope and multi-element characteristics of tea was associated with growingenvironment, and provided chemometrics method for discrimination of tea origin andprotected designation origin with a small geographical scale.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2246-2253. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2246The purposes of this study were to investigate effects of nitrogen fertilizer on root morphology and physiology of wheat in alleviating drought stress at seedling stage. The spring wheat variety Spitfire(S) with high yield and protein content and another drought-resistant variety Drysdale(D) were planted in sand. Two treatments of different N levels (low N of 22.5 kg·hm-2 and high N of 180 kg·hm-2) and two water levels (well-watered and drought stress) were conducted. The results showed that the total root length, root surface area, total root volume, root tip number and branch number of two wheat cultivars were decreased by high N during seedling drought, but root diameter and root activity were increased significantly. However, the dry weight of underground part in S cultivar decreased by 7.0%, while that in D cultivar increased by 12.0%. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer also reduced the soluble sugar content and increased the free amino acid content in root of two wheat cultivars under drought stress, drought-tolerant cultivar D changed significantly, but there was little change in soluble protein content. In addition, high N promoted root uptake of nitrogen and increased root nitrogen content and NR activity in two wheat cultivars. Therefore, increasing nitrogen fertilizer amendment in seedling drought can improve drought resistance of wheat by promoting root growth, increasing root activity and NR enzyme activity, enhancing root absorption and assimilation ability of nitrogen, and promoting nitrogen metabolism level. However, different drought-tolerant varieties have different responses to increasing nitrogen fertilizer application under drought stress. This study is of great significance to improve wheat yield by nitrogen fertilizer via alleviating drought stress at seedling stage in agricultural production.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2254-2260. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2254To clarify effect of Selenium foliar spray on Selenium concentration in wheat kernel and milling fractions foliar spray with 0.017% Na2SeO3 aqueous solution at the jointing-heading growth stage were applied in four wheat varieties. The concentrations of total Se, organic Se, and inorganic Se in kernel and milling fractions (MLU 202 experiment mill) were determined. The assimilation and distribution of the three Se forms in kernel and milling fractions were affected by genotype. Foliar spray increased total Se concentration in wheat grains by 26.4 to 35.8 times in four wheat varieties, and did not significantly change kernel yield. The Se concentration in the milling fractions followed the order of shorts>bran>Grinding powder>Heart flour>Series powder. Hard wheat lost less Se than soft wheat did as a result of the higher straight flour yield in hard wheat. Se lost in controls and Se foliar spray samples were 53.0% to 69.3% and 36.7% to 44.5%, respectively. Concentration of organic Se was higher than that of inorganic Se in all milling fractions of control samples, and the opposite result was observed in Se foliar spray samples except for the shorts of Ningmai 20. The results of Se distribution in kernel and milling fractions in this study play an important guiding role in the processing and utilization of Se enriched wheat.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2261-2270. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2261In order to explore the nutrition improvement of Mg, Fe and Zn of peanut in red soil of southern China under calcium deficiency by applying calcium and plastic film mulching cultivation, a large seed variety Xianghua 2008 and the typical red soil of southern China under calcium deficiency were used as the test material for the soil column experiment. Three calcium fertilizer gradients and two kinds of cultivation methods (open field and plastic film cultivation) were used in this experiment including no calcium (Ca0), medium calcium fertilizer (Ca375) and high calcium fertilizer (Ca750) [open field cultivation(OF)、mulching cultivation] to study effect of application of calcium and plastic film mulching on the contents and accumulation of Mg, Fe, Zn in the plant of peanut and the distribution coefficient of seed. The results showed that the content of Mg and Fe in stems, roots, pegs and kernels of peanut. Among them, Ca750-OF treatment increased by 19.2%、10.4%、38.6%、3.1% and 21.5%、30.9%、27.5%、20.0%, respectively, compared with Ca0-OF;but the content of Zn in leaves, stems, husks and kernels was significantly decreased under calcium application. The content of Mg in stems, pegs and kernels and the content of Zn in the husks and seed kernels by the mulching cultivation were increased 10.8% and 12.2% more than that of open field cultivation respectively, but the content of Fe and Zn in the roots, stems and roots was decreased. Application of calcium and plastic film mulching cultivation increased the accumulation of Mg in the plant, genital (needle, shell and seed kernel) and the partition coefficient of magnesium in kernel. The application of calcium was to achieve whole plant peanut accumulation of Fe and the Fe distribution coefficient of the kernel was increased significantly 68.8%, while the accumulation of Fe and Zn accumulation in kernel under plastic film mulching cultivation was significantly higher than the open field cultivation. The addition of calcium fertilizer reduced the accumulation of Zn in vegetative body of peanut, significantly increased the accumulation of Zn in kernel and Zn distribution coefficient of seed kernel, and the effect followed the order of Ca750> Ca375. There was an orthogonal interaction among year, calcium application and the film mulching cultivation on the accumulation of seed kernels and the distribution coefficient. A significant and positive correlation between the accumulation of Ca and Mg and Fe, and synergistic absorption existed. In summary, the application of calcium and plastic film mulching cultivation promoted soil activation, which was beneficial to the absorption of Mg and Fe in peanut plants, accelerated the enrichment of Mg, Fe and Zn from plant to seed kernels and further expanded the “storage capacity”. This study provides a theoretical basis for the improvement of calcium deficiency and acid-red dry upland and high-yield cultivation of peanut in the south of China.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2271-2279. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2271To explore the physiological mechanism of exogenous melatonin (MT) on seed germination and seedling growth of pea under cadmium (Cd) stress, the pea (Pisum sativum cv. Zhongwan No 6) was used as experimental material, and different concentrations of exogenous MT (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 μmol·L-1) were studied by using culture dish filter paper method under Cd stress (0, 10, 100 μmol·L-1). The results showed that Cd stress significantly inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of pea, whereas applying exogenous melatonin could remarkably improve pea seed germination potential and germination percentage, promote the growth of plumule and radicle, and enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) content and Cd uptake of pea seedlings under Cd stress. When the concentration of Cd2+ was 10 μmol·L-1, compared with the treatment without MT, the germination potential, germination rate, bud length, root length, bud fresh weight, root fresh weight, SOD, POD and CAT activities of peas increased by 90.47%. 82.94%, 127.27%, 129.47%, 131.71%, 83.33%, 24.17%, 40.50% and 76.91%, respectively, and the content of MDA and Cd decreased by 57.64% and 57.62%, respectively. The results indicated that MT application at the appropriate concentration had the positive effects on alleviating toxic effect of Cd and promoting seed germination and seedling of pea by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen and inhibiting the uptake of Cd by pea seedlings. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the resistance mechanism of MT to alleviate Cd stress in peas.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2280-2286. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2280Using different magnetic strong magnetized water irrigation facility cultivation of (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.Cv.Lingwuchangzao) plant,The fruit growth indexes such as jujube hanging length, jujuba hanging weight, leaf area, and soluble sugar content, organic acid content, Vccontent were measured to investigate different magnetic intensities of magnetized water irrigation Lingwuchangzao vegetative growth and fruit quality of the facility. Results showed that ADS-1800 magnetized water irrigation had the greatest promotion effect on the growth of jujuba sling, and the net growth of jujuba sling increased by 15.6% compared with CK; ADS-1400 magnetized water irrigation could increase the yield of Lingwuchangzao by 7.62 kg, with the most significant effect; ADS-800 magnetized water irrigation could increase the soluble solids and soluble sugar content of Lingwuchangzao by 5.5% and 4.38% respectively compared with CK. Therefore, the treatment of magnetized water with different magnetic intensity can promote the vegetative growth of Lingwuchangzao and affect its fruit quality. The results of this study can provide reference and guidance for magnetized water irrigation technology in facility Lingwuchangzao production.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2287-2293. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2287To explore the effects of agar oligosaccharides as an elicitor on plants, Bicui 18 cucumber varieties (Cucumis sativus) were used as material in this study. The effects of different concentrations of agar oligosaccharides on the growth, resistance-related enzyme activities, gene expressions, and acetamiprid residues of cucumbers were investigated. Results indicated that spraying of agar oligosaccharides significantly promoted the growth of cucumbers and increased the yield. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase in cucumber leaves were increased and the content of malondialdehyde was decreased. The expressions of the pathogenesis-related genes including chitinase and pathogenesis-related protein 1 were up-regulated, and the highest expression was 10.4- and 14.5-fold of the control, respectively. In addition, spraying of agar oligosaccharide effectively accelerated its decomposition, and reduced the half-life of acetamiprid. The fruit-immersion test also revealed that agar oligosaccharides significantly reduced the residues of acetamiprid, and 100 μg·mL-1 agar oligosaccharides solution reduced pesticide residue by 68.29%. Therefore, our study indicates that agar oligosaccharide can promote the growth of cucumber, increase disease resistance and reduce pesticide residues in cucumbers, which suggests the good application of agar oligosaccharides in agriculture.
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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Intercropping on Faba Bean Rust Occurrence and Field MicroclimateJournal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2294-2302. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2294To study effect of different N application levels and intercropping on occurrence of faba bean rust and field microclimate, and to explore the relationship between field microclimate change and the occurrence of faba bean rust, the wheat-bean intercropping system was studied and tested by field plot. The temperature, relative humidity and wind speed for the canopy of the plants supplied with 4 N levels [N0(0 kg·hm-2), N1(90 kg·hm-2), N2(180 kg·hm-2), N3(270 kg·hm-2)] were measured to survey disease incidence and disease severity index of faba bean rust. The results showed that nitrogen application had no significant effect on the yield of faba bean, whether it was monocultured or intercropped, but the application of nitrogen increased the incidence and disease index of faba bean rust. Compared with N0 treatment, the disease incidence and disease severity index of faba bean rust were averagely increased by 6.2%41.9% and 10.2%143.8% with N1, N2 and N3 treatments in peak stage of disease prevalence, and the disease severity index was more affected by N regulation than the disease incidence. Faba bean canopy temperature and wind speed were reduced by 0.1℃1.8℃ and 7.2%80.0%, respectively, and the canopy relative humidity was increased by 0.2%19.0% with N application. Compared with monocultured faba bean, yield of intercropping was averagely increased by 35.5%, while the disease incidence and disease severity index of intercropping were averagely decreased by 25.9%38.8% and 26.9%51.0%, respectively. During the whole disease period, the canopy temperature and wind speed of the intercropping were higher than that of monocropping, and the relative humidity was significantly lower than the monocultured faba bean. The correlation analysis showed that the disease incidence and disease severity index of faba bean rust were positively correlated with relative humidity, and significantly negatively correlated with canopy temperature and wind speed in stage of peak infection and late infection. Overall, intercropping patterns and N application levels had effects on faba bean yield, canopy temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, the effects of N application level were less than intercropping. In summary, the intercropping of wheat and faba beans and the control of nitrogen fertilizer were effective measures to improve the filed microclimate and effectively control the occurrence of faba bean rust. The results of this study provide guidance and theoretical basis for rational application of N in intercropping system and the advantage of intercropping to control disease and increase yield.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(11): 2303-2309. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.11.2303Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as a small molecule,exhibited multiple functions in plant resistance to adverse environment at low concentrations, which involved in attenuation of oxidative damage by drought, heavy metals and so on. H2S could also activate the antioxidant system and regulate ROS metabolism, thereby has good preservation effect on postharvest fruits and vegetables. In this paper, research progress in the application of H2S in plant resistance to adverse environment and interaction with other signals, its preservation of postharvest fruits and vegetables were summarized, with a purpose to provide basis for further deep study of H2S.
