27 January 2016, Volume 30 Issue 1
    

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    Induced Mutations For Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
  • YU Guiling, XIAO Qianlin, WEI Bin, YANG Jin, WANG Dan, LIU Hanmei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0001
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    Starch synthases (SS) are key enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis pathways. Five isoforms of starch synthase have been identified and characterized functionally. To identify genes encoding new SS isoforms based on rich sorghum genome data, SbSSV, a new isoform of sorghum SSs have been identified and isolated by employing bioinformatics and molecular biology methods. The exon-intron structure and expression patterns of SbSSV have been analyzed. Results show that the ORF of SbSSV is 2 097 bp, with its exon numbers, lengths and intron distributions were consistent with those of its homologues in maize and rice. The predicted protein has conserved starch catalytic domain and glycosyltranferase domain, which are unique characteristics of glycogen synthases in bacteria and starch synthases in plants. A phylogenetic analysis of SSs in higher plants shows that SSV is closely related to the known SSIV. Therefore, we infer that the SbSSV encodes a new isoform of SSs in sorghum. qRT-PCR analysis indicates that SbSSV is mainly expressed in leaf with its expression induced by light and follows circadian rhythm. The results provide a theoretical basis for further revealing the mechanism of starch biosynthesis metabolism and improving yield and quality in crops.
  • CHENG Fangyan, LI Chunguang, LIU Yongwei, SUN Yixuan, MENG Zhaohe, XU Zhengjin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 11-18. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0011
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    To study the distribution and utilization of Pi-b and Pi-5 in rice varieties of northeast China. 68 rice accessions, including 52 collected from Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning and 16 introduced materials, and 31 rice lines with different blast resistance genes were used as experimental materials in this study. Pi-b and Pi-5 of the 68 rice materials were detected by functional markers of Pi-b and Pi-5 and inoculated by the dominant physiological races in Heilongjiang Province. Results showed that positive control BL1 and nine cultivars:Shennong 265, Liaojing 371, Liaojing 9, Liaoxing 1, Zhongliao 9052, Jijing 53, Jijing 94, Kendao 19 and Kennuo 2 contained the Pi-b gene, the positive control Tetep and eight cultivars :Yanjing 68, Jijing 53, Guandong 107,Jiyujing,Jiudao 44,Kongyu 163,Longjing 37,Zhong 156 contained the Pi-5 gene. In which Jijing 53 contained both two genes. The inoculation identification revealed that Pi-b and Pi-5 were invalid in Heilongjiang province. By the inoculation identification of 16 introduced materials and 31 rice varieties with different blast resistance genes, some blast resistance genes such as Pi-3、Pi-7(t) 、Pi-9(t)、 Pi-12(t)、 Pi-20、 Pi-ta2Pi-ztPi-24、Pi-25、Pi-gm showed potential utilization value. The results was of greatimportance in the rice production and rice blast resistance breeding in the northeast of China.
  • CHEN Na, CHI Xiaoyuan, CHENG Guo, PAN Lijuan, CHEN Mingna, WANG Tong, WANG Mian, YANG Zhen, YU Shanlin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 19-27. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0019
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    In this article, transcription factor genes involved in cold stress regulation were screened using microarray hybridization method to study the regulatory mechanism of gene expression in the leaves of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cultivar Huayu19). The results indicated that the expression of 175 genes in peanut leaves functioning in transcription regulation had more than 2-fold changes under cold condition. Among which, 92 genes were up-regulated and 83 were down-regulated. Gene functional classification analysis indicated that 53 up-regulated genes and 46 down-regulated genes encode transcription factors. Further analysis indicated that transcription factors involved in peanut cold stress regulation mainly included MYB, WRKY, NAC, AP2/ERF family members, and so on. In addition, some transcription factors involved in peanut cold stress regulation hadn't known conserved domain. This study offered some candidate transcription factor genes as gene resources of tolerance to cold stress and provided theoretical basis for molecular study of abiotic stress regulation in peanut.
  • ZHANG Doudou, LIANG Xinhua, WANG Jun
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 28-34. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0028
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    To characterize the autointoxication potential of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., the influences of Aqueous extract from seeds of G. uralensis at a concentration of 10g·L-1 on germination and relative expression of GuSQS1 and GubAS were studied. The results indicated that the germination rate of G. uralensis seeds in the aqueous extract was 62%, which is significantly lower than the germination rate of 76% in the pure water treatment. The aqueous extract treatment also significantly inhibited the GubAS gene expression. In contrast, the aqueous extract promoted the relative expression of the GuSQS1 gene. Therefore, it was concluded that the seed aqueous extract of G. uralensis can inhibit its seed germination and have significant but distinct effects on the expression of two key genes involved in the bio-synthesis pathway of glycyrrhizic acid. The findings of high autointoxication of G. uralensis seeds should be valuable for agronomic production of the species.
  • ZHU Haisheng, CHEN Mindong, WEN Qingfang, LAN Xinlong, LI Yongping, WANG Bin, ZHANG Qianrong, WU Weidong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 35-41. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0035
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    The selection of a suitable reference gene is a critica1 condition for improving the precision of gene expression analyzing by quantitative real time PCR(qRT-PCR). The 18S rRNA gene which has a broad and constant expression was always used as reference gene for qRT-PCR. The study was to obtain the 18S rRNA gene of luffa and design the qRT-PCR primers. Through PCR and sequencing, the 18S rRNA gene of luffa was cloned firstly. It was 1 862 bp long and the GenBank accession number was KM656452. A pair of qRT-PCR primer was designed based on the 18S rRNA gene sequence showed, high specificity and amplification efficiency. The RT-PCR indicated that the 18S rRNA gene was stable expression under abiotic stress and in different growth stages, so it was suitable as a reference gene for the analysis of gene expression patterns in luffa. The present study has provided an important reference for analysis the expression of critical genes in luffa.
  • ZHANG Huali, WANG Tao, SONG Lina, DONG Aixiang, XIN Haibo, YI Mingfang, ZHAO Jinhua
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 42-49. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0042
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    This study aims to characterize EST-SSR in Chrysanthemum morifolium, development SSR markers and clarify the transferability of them to Tagetes erecta. With these sequences downloaded from NCBI, SSR sites occurred with an occurrence frequency of 5.35% (1 per 10.64 Kb). Among the 83 kinds of repeat motifs, di-, tri-, te-, pe-, and he- nucleotides were 10, 40, 14, 5 and 14 types, respectively. Using 14 cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium as templates, 14 among 22 pairs of primers were effective. In this process, 49 polymorphism sites were detected with average values of 3.5 bands per primer pair and 0.751 of PIC. Furthermore, among 14 pairs of primers, clear and stable bands could be amplified by 8 primer pairs using Tagetes eracta as templates, with a transferability rate of 57.14%. Taken together, trinucleotide type was dominant in Chrysanthemum morifolium, and henucloetide types were more than these in other species. At the same time, these EST-SSRs contained higher PIC values. These primers from Chrysanthemun morifolium EST could be used as molecular markers of Tagetes eracta.
  • HU Junjie, SHI Changqing, ZHANG Yong, WANG Juanhong, CHANG Weihua
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 50-57. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0050
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    In order to rich miRNA database of Ovis aries and investigate regulation mechanism of miRNA on mammalian ovaries. Sexual maturity period ovarian miRNA cDNA library was successfully constructed by high-throughput sequencing methods, and 9 321 775 clean reads have been obtained. Novel miRNAs of 267 were identified from those clean reads and 12 692 target genes were predicted. Meanwhile,the first base pairs of candidate miRNAs have biased for U and A. With GO analysis, more than 70% of the genes were related to cell or intracellular part component ontology, more than 77% of the genes were involved in cellular processes and approximately 78.5% of the genes had binding functions. KEGG Pathway analysis showed that about 10.61% of the genes were committed to a metabolic pathway. The results will have certain theoretical guidance and practical significance for further research on miRNAs function of Ovis aries ovary.
  • CHEN Fangxin, MEI Yuyun, ZHANG Qiang, QI Yongxia, DING Ting
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 58-64. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0058
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    To identify the distribution of entomogenous fungi in the maize rhizosphere, the entomogenous fungi which were collected from counties of Guoyang, Xiaoxian, and Mengcheng in the northern of Anhui Province were isolated from maize rhizosphere soil by selective medium. The isolates were classified and identified by morphological characters and molecular method (rDNA ITS sequence analysis). The results revealed that thirty-nine entomogenous fungi identified as Beauveria bassiana were isolated from maize rhizosphere soil, and there were significant differences in the colony growth rate and sporulation quantity of different strains. It has important significance in bio-controlling underground pests and soil-borne diseases in maize.
  • CHEN Delong, YE Yingwei, LIU Lihong, ZHANG Min, LIU Tianyu, WANG Qiaomei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 65-71. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0065
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    Guard cell can sense and integrate multiple signals to regulate cell turgor and stomata movements. It is therefore regarded as a model system for studying the cross talk of phytohormones signaling. In this paper, ABA signal transduction and the cross talk of ABA signaling with other phytohormone signalings in guard cells are reviewed, to provide the emerging picture of phytohormone signaling network in guard cells. Future studies and potential application in crop production are also prospected.
  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
  • XU Honghua, CHENG Hui, WANG Zhengjia, FU Shunhua, SI Jinping, YU Min, ZHANG Ailian
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 72-78. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0072
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    Total polyphenols (TPs), total flavonoids (TFs) and antioxidant capacity (AC) of 29 pecan germplasms were determined and analyzed, so as to reveal the difference of indice among those various germplasm. The results showed that TPs, TFs and AC were all significantly different among those 29 pecan germplasms. ZL86 showed the highest TPs content (47.96 mg GAE·g-1) and AC values, ZL65 showed the highest TFs content (24.01 mg RE·g-1). Meanwhile, AC correlated positively with TPs and TFs (P < 0.01). Cluster analysis indicated 29 pecan germplasms could be classified into two subgroups based on the contents of TPs, TFs and AC. Group Ⅰ (including 18 germplasm) showed relatively low TPs, TFs and AC, while those of group Ⅱ (including 11 germplasms) were higher. These results might provide theoretical support for breeding and varieties selecting of pecan.
  • QUAN Qinguo, YANG Ming, LIN Fei, HE Yonghuan, LU Jia, WANG Miao, FAN Bei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 79-85. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0079
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    In this paper, for further development of egg shell resource, waste eggshells was taken as raw material, research of calcium citrate preparing was carried out by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction on the key factors such as mass percentage of citric acid, solid-liquid ratio, ultrasonic time, reaction temperature and reaction time related to the yield of calcium citrate. Based on the single factor optimization, the influence of the variables and their interaction on the yield of calcium citrate was studied by using Box-Behnken design method. Results proved that the parameters of calcium citrate preparation optimal conditions are as follows: ultrasonic for 22 minutes, react 37 minutes under the temperature of 61.2℃, solid-liquid ratio of 1∶30, mass percentage of citric acid is 1∶1.6. Under this optical condition, the yield of calcium citrate from eggshells can reach 79.29%±1.67%. Compared with the traditional reaction method, this ultrasonic assisted reaction method expending less energy, have higher yield of calcium citrate, and results are closer to prediction model, can be used as an effective method for preparing calcium citrate from eggshells. The present method gives an acceptable yield and improved quality of calcium citrate. And this study could be helpful for the production or manufacture of calcium citrate based on eggshell as calcium resources.
  • TAO Fei, JIANG Xueping, GAO Haiyan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 86-95. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0086
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    To improve the quality and reduce the fermentation time, we used three factors and three levels Box-Behnken tests to optimize conditions for fermented pickled potherb mustard-DaoDu. Lactobacillus d-1was used as fermentation which obtained from pickled potherb mustard-DaoDu made by conventional methods. The corresponding regression models were established with the sensory evaluation values and the viable count of Lactobacillus. The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions were salt 5.20%, pH4.60, inoculation amount 5.00%. The quality of pickled potherb mustard-DaoDu is good. This study provides technical support to industrial production of pickled potherb mustard-DaoDu.
  • YU Huichun,LIU Shuqi,YIN Yong,LIU Yunhong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 96-102. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0096
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    In order to improve the accuracy of Chinese wolfberry classification, a classification model based on the image of Chinese wolfberry was established. Six kinds of Chinese wolfberry from three different origin areas were studied, Fisher discriminate analysis (FDA) and kernel Fisher discriminate analysis (KFDA) were used to identify the 6 kinds of Chinese wolfberry samples, based on the color and texture feature parameters of Chinese wolfberry image. In the method of KFDA, Radius basis function (RBF) was selected as the kernel function, the measuring method of matrix similarity based on distance discrimination was taken to define the RBF characteristic parameter, and the optimum characteristic parameter was 13.2436. Selects the first 150 principal components, based on the Wilks Λ criterion, the classification of Chinese wolfberry and verify accuracy were 100.00% and 87.80%, respectively, and based on the contribution rate, the classification of Chinese wolfberry and verify accuracy were 100.00% and 81.70%, respectively. The final results showed that 150 most conducive PC were selected by this Wilks Λ criterion screening method, and the identification correct rates were respectively from 91.7% (FDA) up to 100% (KFDA), this method not only improved the correct rate of Chinese wolfberry effectively but also would provide a theoretical guide for the application of the other agriculture products image classification.

  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
  • SHAO Ping, WANG Jun, WANG Xingli, QU Liang, SUN Peilong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 103-109. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0103
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    To explore a rapid prototype to determine Ganoderma lucidum extraction (GLE) adulterated with starches, a correlative model consisting of near infrared spectrum and the contents of adulteration were established. The contents of adulteration in GLE samples were predicted using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) combined with partial least squares (PLS). After scanning starch content 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of the GLE samples and choice of the wave number and the pretreatment of the spectral, the model was established by PLS. The results of cross validation showed that with the wavelengths of 8 000 to 7 500 cm-1, 6 000 to 5 500 cm-1, 5 000 to 4 000 cm-1, the pretreatment of MSC and 8 factors, the calibration coefficient of determination (Rcal), root mean standard error cross validation (RMSECV), validation coefficient of determination (Rval), and root mean standard error cross prediction (RMSEP) of the model were 0.9962, 0.0249, 0.9960, and 0.0241, respectively. The model was used to verify samples and the statistical results showed that there is no significant difference between the predictive and actual values. It provides the basis for Ganoderma lucidum extraction functional food.
  • BU Tingting, XU Dalun, YANG Wenge, ZHANG Qunfei, LOU Qiaoming, ZHANG Jinjie
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 110-119. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0110
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    Traditional Centropages mcmurrichi sauce have the problems of high salt, long period of production and unstable quality. In this article, the fermentation conditions of low salt Centropages mcmurrichi sauce were optimized using the secondary fermentation, and the volatile components of sauce were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction method (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the single factor text and the sensory evaluation, the orthogonal test was designed to optimize the fermentation conditions of Centropages mcmurrichi sauce. As a result the first period of fermentation conditions were temperature 20℃, salt 11% and 7 day’s fermentation; the second period of fermentation conditions were rice wine 5%, sugar 11% and time 21d. The product got the 83.5 of sensory score and the content of amino acid nitrogen was 0.56g·100 mL-1. Totally 25 volatile compounds were detected in Centropages mcmurrichi sauce. Among them, the predominant compounds were aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and furans, which were together responsible for the specific flavor of Centropages mcmurrichi sauce. Compared with Centropages mcmurrichi, the content of 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and (E,E)-3,5-octadiene-2-ketone significantly reduced, while syringaldehyde and esters were increased, which made up the special flavour of Centropages mcmurrichi sauce. This result could provide a theoretical basis for the industrial production and flavor of high quality Centropages mcmurrichi sauce.
  • FAN Lin, LOU Yongjiang, CHEN Xiaofang, SUN Peixuan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 120-129. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0120
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    To obtain submicron kelp powder with better physical properties and more concentrated particle size distribution, pretreatment was carried out with NaOH to shorten the time and wet grinding was used to reduce the particle size. The single-factor experiments and response surface method (RSM) were employed to optimize the technological conditions including the soaking liquid concentration, ratio of material to solvent and steeping time. The optimal conditions were set as NaOH mass fraction of 0.19%, soaking time of 11.00 min, and liquid-solid ratio of 20.00 mL·g-1. Under these conditions, the average particle size of kelp powder was 328.7 nm, D95 was 825.5 nm and the maximum particle size was 1106.2 nm, angle of repose was 62.5°, slip angle was 70.6°, water solubility was 20.1%, wetting time was 35.3 s, expansion force was 1 266%, and water-holding power was 3 197%. Compared with ultrafine kelp powder from market, the properties of nanoscale kelp powder were improved greatly with the angle of repose increased by 20.9°, slip angle increased by 27.9°, and water solubility increased by 50.0%. At the same time, the kelp powder physical properties were enhanced and improved which provides the basis for deep processing of kelp.
  • FU Lili, PAN Jiarong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 130-135. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0130
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    Shrimp products, a kind of crustacean seafood with high value in China, are deeply popular with consumers because of their delicious flavor and rich nutrition. However, it is one of the edible seafood, which is often reported to cause allergic reaction.This paper has summarized species and epitopes of the shrimp allergens, the rearrangement and preparation of specific IgE to provide certain theoretical basis for reducing allergic diseases.
  • LIU Biqin, LU Xiafei, LIU Chenjian, LI Xiaoran, PAN Jian, LUO Yiyong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 136-144. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0136
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    Douchi which is combined nutrient value and health-care function is a microbe-fermented soybean food. Flavor, to some extent, determines directly the quality of douchi and consumers’ acceptability. Douchi which is fermented with a pure Bacillus sp. will make a single flavor and have ammoniacal odour at different degrees. Mixed-fermentation with Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can improved significantly the flavor of douche. The article summarizes the main flavor substances of bacteria-fermented douchi, and the possible forming mechanisms of the flavor substances which produced by LAB were emphatically discussed. The paper will provide theoretical support for further improving the flavor of douchi and reasonably controling the production process.
  • Isotope Tracer Technique·Ecology & Environment·Physiology
  • ZHANG Hanxue, CHEN Min, WANG Wei, LI Zhong, YE Qingfu
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 145-153. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0145
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    Cycloxaprid, a novel neonicotinoid insecticide developed independently in China, has two optical stereoisomers, 1S2R-cycloxaprid and 1R2S-cycloxaprid. The environmental behavior and fate of chiral pesticides in antipode level had great significance to the scientific use and risk assessment of cycloxaprid. The stereoisomer-specific mineralization and bound residue (BR) of cycloxaprid in aerobic soils and flooded paddy soils were studied using14C-isotope tracing, respectively in this study. The results were as follows: No significant difference was observed between the two optical isomers for the mineralization, BR and its distribution in humus at 100 days after the application. Significant difference in the mineralization of the stereoisomers was observed between aerobic and anoxic condition in soils (p<0.05). Under aerobic condition, and the mineralization of cycloxaprid in S1 was the lowest (0.21% to 0.23% of the applied amount), and the highest in S3 (16.45% to 17.06% of the applied). Under anoxic condition, the mineralization of cycloxaprid was less than 1% in all tested soils. Significant difference in the BR of cycloxaprid was observed between aerobic and anoxic conditions in S2 and S3 (p<0.05), while no significant difference was found in S1. The BR in S1 was the lowest under both aerobic and anoxic conditions (56.84% to 64.38% of the applied amount), while the highest in aerobic S2 (79.55% to 82.99% of the applied amount) and in anoxic S3 (73.85% to 84.11% the applied amount), respectively. Bound residue of14C-cycloxaprid distributed in humus showed a tendency of fulvic acid>humin>humic acid in three soils under both aerobic condition and anoxic condition. The results indicated that no significant selectivity difference has been found in the environmental behavior and fate of chiral insecticide, cycloxaprid in soil.
  • YU Kaikai, SONG Xi'e, GAO Hong, HUANG Lei, SONG Huijie, LIU Yang, LI Yanxing, GUO Pingyi, YUAN Xiangyang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 154-163. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0154
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    In order to explore the regulating effects of different fertilization levels and paclobutrazol treatments under different conditions on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and elucidate the feasible combination of fertilization and paclobutrazol for better growth of potatoes.Two-factor randomized block design was applied to study the effects on leaf photo synthetic pigment,photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter in potato (jinshu 16) with SV organic inorganic compound fertilizer (0, 300, 600, 900, 1 200, 1 500kg·hm-2) and paclobutrazol (squaring stage, squaring stage and bloom stage, squaring stage,bloom stage and flowering stage).The results showed that compared with the control, total chlorophyll (Chla+b), carotenoids(Car),the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs),the maximum fluorescence(Fm), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm),the PSII potential activity(Fv/Fo),the actual photochemical efficiency (Y(II)),electron transport rate(ETR),photochemical quenching coefficient (qP),the light use efficiency (LUE),dry matter content and yield were all increased under effects of different fertilization levels, different times and periods of paclobutrazol and their interactions,but intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and minimal fluorescence (Fo) were decreased. Thus, increasing input of organic inorganic compound fertilizer and spraying paclobutrazol could significantly improve potato leaf photosynthetic characteristics. The best combination were fertilizer level (1 200 kg·hm-2) and spraying paclobutrazol (squaring stage and bloom stage),which was based on various indicators and variance analysis. This treatment could obtain a higher photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, obtained a higher utility rate of luminous energy,promoted the luminous energy that potato captured to use for photosynthesis,and the yield could be increased ultimately.This study could provides an important theoretical basis for potato production in the field.
  • XU Yahui, DONG Shoukun, LI Xuening, GAO Xinyu, WANG Libin, LIU Lijun
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 164-170. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0164
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    The drought tolerant (Heinong 44) and sensitive (Heinong 65) genotypes of soybean were chosen as materials to investigate effects of drought stress and consequent re-watering on the key enzyme activities related to nitrogen metabolism, including nitrate reductase(NR), glutamine synthetase(GS) and glutamate synthase(GOGAT) at different growth stages. The relationship between drought resistance and differences among the key enzyme was studied, providing a theoretical basis for the selection of soybean varieties and cultivation of drought-resistant.The results showed that nitrate reductase of the leaves in both varieties presented unimodal curve, whereas glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase presented bimodal curve in the whole growth period of well-watered plants. There was no significant difference of NR between light and middle drought stress at seeding stage, but there was a significant decrease under the serious drought condition. The GS activity increased with the increasing drought stress, but GOGAT activity decreased with the increasing drought stress. NR activity of drought tolerant genotypes of soybean (Heinong 44) was significantly higher than the well-watered soybean, but there was an adverse result in sensitive (Heinong 65) genotypes of soybean after re-watering treatment at different stages. However, the rusults of GS were in contrast with that of NR. After re-watering, GS activities exhibited an increase but still lower than the control treatment. All of these enzymes activities in the leaves of tolerant drought genotypes were higher than that in the sensitive one.Therefore, the damage of drought stress to soybean was mitigated by increasing NR, GS and GOGAT activities.
  • ZHANG Yingcai, SU Weidong, JING Hongxia, CAO Jinxia
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 171-177. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0171
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    In order to explore the physiological mechanism of postphloem sugar transport in fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Mill cv.Lingwuchangzao, in this study, the different developmental periods fruits were selected as materials to study effects of carrier inhibitor PCMBS and ATPase inhibitors (EB, DNP, NO3-) on the uptake14C-glucose and14C-sucrose in the phloem nonvascular bundle area. The results indicated that in slow growth period S1, the first rapid growth period R1 and the second rapid growth period R2, PCMBS and ATPase inhibitors significantly inhibited the absorption of14C-glucose in fruit,but the inhibition was not obvious in slow growth period S2.The capabilities of14C-glucose transmembrane transport into vacuole followed the order of R2> S1> R1> S2. In the second rapid growth period R2 and the slow growth period S3, PCMBS and ATPase inhibitors markedly affected the uptake of14C-sucrose in fruit, but the inhibition extents are different in different developmental periods, so the capabilities of fruit accumulation14C-sucrose across the plasma membrane and tonoplast were all strong in R2 and S3. To sum up there existed a active transport sugar process that need carrier-mediated and energy-dependent after unloading sugars in Lingwuchangzao fruit in S1,R1,R2 and S3, the active and passive transport existed simultaneously in sugar transportation process of fruit in S2.The study provide scientific bases of fruit sugar accumulation and quality regulation for Ziziphus jujuba Mill cv. Lingwuchangzao.
  • WEI Jianfeng, SONG Shuhui, LIANG Zhenhua, WEI Dongping, WEI Qiaoyun, LIANG He
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 178-183. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0178
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    A micro-plot experiment in field was conducted with15N 160 kg·hm-2total amounts by three kinds of treatments of disposable bottom application nitrogen before sowing (T1),55% nitrogen before sowing and 45% nitrogen during seedling stage(T2), and 55% nitrogen before sowing, 30% nitrogen during seedling stage and 15% nitrogen applied during squaring stage (T3) to investigate the use efficiency and fate of fertilizer nitrogen using the potato cultivar Favorite. Results showed that almost 46% to 52% of total N uptake by potato came from fertilizer, and 48% to 54% N derived from soil and seed-tuber. The nitrogen use efficiency ranged from 35.16% to 39.99%, with15N-fertilizer residue of 47.71% to 51.78%, and15N-fertilizer loss of 8.23% to 16.98% among three treatments.15N-fertilizer residual mainly distributed in 0 to 15cm top soil under the three types of nitrogen application. The amounts15N-fertilizer residue in 0 to 15cm top soil showed a rising trend with delaying nitrogen application, but dropped in 15 to 45cm soil profile. There was no significant effect of nitrogen application types on accumulation of total dry matter and tuber dry matter of potato, but15N-fertilizer utilization ratio and residue ratio of T3 were significantly higher than T1 and T2. These results indicated that T3 was the suitable nitrogen application types in the view of economic and environmental benefit. And the research provides guidance basis on effective management on nitrogen nutrient of potato.
  • HOU Lingli, YANG Xiongbang, DONG Xueni, DING Mengqi, ZHU Xuemei, SHAO Jirong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 184-192. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0184
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    In order to investigate the influence of environmental stress on flavonoid metabolism and the molecular mechanisms underlying this response, the effects of salt (NaCl), drought (PEG-6000), and UV-B radiation on the contents of total flavonoids during florescence of Fagopyrum tataricum (Chuanqiao No.3) were examined. Treatments with all the three stress resulted in an increase in the total amount of flavonoids in roots, stems, leaves, and flowers by different degrees. Under NaCl and PEG-6000 treatments, the total flavonoids in all of these tissues were increased, while the highest value reached 160.0 mg·g-1 in leaves at 12 hours in NaCl stress. Besides, the leaves and flowers were more stress-sensitive than other tissues by PEG-6000 treatment. The total contents of flavonoids were also increased in roots, stems and leaves by UV-B stress and it went up to the highest level in leaves, while decreased evidently in flowers. Further study by real-time PCR revealed that changes in gene expression of CHI, F3H, FLS and FLS1 were consistent with that of the total flavonoids, suggesting these genes might play an important role in the adaptation of Fagopyrum tataricum to environmental stresses during florescence. Our results will provide new clues for tartary buckwheat breeding through transgenesis and have great potential for agricultural applications.
  • LI Juan, AN Feng, LIN Weifu, ZHOU Lijun, CHEN Junming, PAN Jian, HUANG Jianxiong, ZHENG Dinghua
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 193-200. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0193
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    To investigate the accuracy of SPAD chlorophyll meter in chlorophyll measurements and the effect of different fertilization treatments on SPAD value and chlorophyll content of Ficus hirta Vahl. (Wuzhimaotao) in ‘3414’ fertilizer experiment. SPAD value, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents of different F. hirta leaf position were determined with both SPAD chlorophyll meter and alcohol-acetone extraction methods. Results showed that fertilization treatments showed no significant influence on SPAD values of three leaves chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents of the first-top-leaf, as well as chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents of the second-top-leaf, and chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content of the third-top-leaf. However, fertilization treatments significantly changed the chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents of the second-top -leaf, and the chlorophyll a content of the third-top-leaf. The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium applications on the SPAD value and chlorophyll contents was in the following order: N fertilizer> P fertilizer> K fertilizer. SPAD value, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents, increased, gradually, from the first-top-leaf to the third-top-leaf. There were negative correlations between SPAD value and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents, respectively, for the first-top-leaf, and negative correlations between SPAD value and chlorophyll a content of the third-top-leaf. However, significant positive correlations between SPAD value and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents, respectively, were identified for the second-top-leaf. Similarly, significant positive correlations between SPAD value and chlorophyll b content and total chlorophyll content were found in the third-top-leaf of F. hirta. All these results suggest that the SPAD value of the second-top-leaf is the best estimation for the chlorophyll contents of F. hirta in the “3414” fertilizer experiments. These findings provide a scientific basis for using chlorophyll meter correctly in the physiological experiment of F. hirta, and provide some theoretical guiding for the intercropping of F. hirta with mature rubber.
  • FU Zhenzhu, DU Jun, HE Songlin, WANG Limin, MENG Yue'e
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(1): 201-207. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.01.0201
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    In order to find out the species and contents of the main phenolic acids which related with tissue browning, phenolic acids of three varieties (Wu Long Peng Sheng, Tai Ping Hong, Feng Dan Bai) of tree peony plantlets during the differentiation were assessed used high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed as follows: ten phenolic acids were detected in three different cultivars of tree peony plantlets, and they were paeoniflorin, methyl gallate, gallic acid, shikimic acid, benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, 4-methoxy-3-hydroxyacetophenone, caffeic acid, catechol and chlorogenic acid. The contents of gallic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid and caffeic acid in browning plantlets were lower than that in non-browning plantlets in three cultivars. The contents of paeoniflorin, methyl gallate, benzoic acid, shikimic acid and catechol in browning plantlets were higher than that in non-browning plantlets. However, the content of 4-methoxy-3-hydroxyacetophenone showed some difference in different varieties, with low Wu Long Peng Sheng and Tai Ping Hong in browning plantlets, but and high Feng Dan Bai in browning plantlets. The results held that paeoniflorin, methyl gallate, gallic acid, shikimic acid, benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, 4-methoxy-3-hydroxyacetophenone, caffeic acid and catechol were closely related to tissue browning plantlets of tree peony, while the influence of chlorogenic acid in browning plantlets was little. The related types of phenolic acids in browning of tree peony plantlets were clarified preliminarily in this study, which was of great significance for solving the browing problem and improving the quality of tree peony plantlets.