24 October 2013, Volume 27 Issue 10
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1417-1423. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1417
To establish plant regeneration system of Prunus campanulata, stem section and young leaf of in-vitro grown axillary bud of stem section were used as explants to explore the effects of concentration and proportion of plant growth regulators on callus induction and plant regeneration. The results showed that a higher concentration of 2,4-D was better for callus induction, callus induction rate of stem section on MS+2,4-D 2.0mg·L-1and young leaf on MS+2,4-D 2.0mg·L-1+BA 0.5mg·L-1 were 93.75% and 91.30% respectively. Up to 60.7% callus from young leaf were successfully differentiated on MS +2,4-D 0.5mg·L-1+BA 2.0mg·L-1. The adventitious buds elongated on 1/2 MS+BA 0.5mg·L-1+IBA 0.1mg·L-1, and then rooted on 1/2 MS+IBA 0.6mg·L-1. Moreover, callus from young leaf was also successfully induced somatic embryogenesis on MS+2,4-D 0.1~0.5mg·L-1+BA 1.0mg·L-1.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1424-1430. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1424
LsICE1 gene, a cold stress transcription factor, was isolated from lettuce, and overexpression of LsICE1 gene improved low temperature stress tolerant capacities in transgenic rice lines. LsICE1 was expressed constitutively in the examined tissues, such as the roots, stems and leaves, and LsICE1 gene mRNA levels were dominant in leaves of lettuce seedling. The expression levels of LsICE1 were upregulated by cold, ABA, NaCl treatments, but not by the dehydration treatment. χ2 test showed that the transgenic T1 rice plants presented hygromycin resistant segregation model for 3:1 ratio, suggesting that LsICE1 gene was integrated into the genome of most of T0 transgenic plants by single copy mode. The Southern and Northern blot analysises showed that LsICE1 gene had been integrated into the genome of three cold-resitant T0 transgenic lines, and expressed normally. After cold stress, overexpression of LsICE1 gene had significant effect on the expression of OsDREB1A, suggesting that the function of LsICE1 in cold stress was dependent of the OsDREB1 cold responsive signalling pathway in transgenic rice.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1431-1440. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1431
The breeding of short season cotton cultivars is an efficient way to solve the problem of the limited farmland reserve and reap a bumper harvest of grain and cotton in China. The genetic research about earliness and its related traits of short-season cotton and findings of the molecular markers closely linked with earliness genes are significant to short season cotton breeding. In the present study, based on F2 individuals from Baimian 2 and TM-1 as the mapping population, SSR molecular markers applied in constructing genetic linkage map and the composite interval mapping method used to locate QTL in F2 population for earliness and its related traits of short-season cotton, 152 SSR molecular markers were assigned to 40 linkage groups with a total map distance of 1,010.3 cM and an average distance of about 5.91 cM between the two markers, covering approximately 22.6% of the total recombination length of the cotton genome, and 40 linkage groups were tentatively assigned to 21 chromosomes, which laid a good foundation for molecular genetic map construction of short season cotton. 22 QTL for earliness and related traits were identified, and the molecular markers linked closely to the major QTL could be used in MAS (marker-assisted selection) breeding of short season cotton.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1441-1448. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1441
Tillering and prolificacy are the widespread characteristics of gramineous plants, and also the important function traits of cultivated maize. To study the heredity of tillering and prolificacy in maize, can give reference for tillering and prolificacy maize breeding. In this study, the inheritance and combining ability effects of tillering and prolificacy in maize were studied using 133 F1 combinations derived from 26 inbred lines by 7×19 incomplete diallel crossing. The results indicated that:(1) Among 19 inbred lines, line 1147 showed the highest positive general combining ability (GCA) effect of tillering and prolificacy, lines 1193 and 1169 showed higher GCA effect of prolificacy, 156×1147 and K389×1164 had the positive maximum specific combining ability (SCA) of tiller. (2)The additive effects was greater than non additive effects about the tillering and prolificacy character, and the narrow heritability was respectively 48.66% and 36.12%, suggesting that these characteristics should be selected in the late generations. 202 F2:3 family lines derived from a single cross between the inbred line K169 and 1147 were used for the mapping population, the maize genetic linkage map with 132 pairs of SSR markers had been established, which covered 1979.6cM of the whole genome with average map distance of 15.0 cM, 7 QTLs for prolificacy which located on chromosome 1,2,3,6 and 7 respectively were identified in this study, with 2 QTLs on chromosome 1 and 3 respectively. The QTL on chromosome 2 had the highest additive effect which explained 27.31% of the total variance. The results had enriched the molecular genetic information in maize, and this work paved a foundation for molecular breeding of prolificacy maize.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1449-1455. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1449
The seed dormancy was studied using P1, P2, and 146 lines of RIL population from crosse between Huayu22×06B16 across two years. By means of mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance models, genetic analysis showed that E-1-0 was determined as the best-fitted inheritance model for the seed dormancy trait of RIL in two growing years. This trait followed the mixed inheritance of two major genes with additive-epistatic effects plus polygene with additive-epistatic effects. The heritability of major genes was larger than that of polygenes. Correlation analysis showed that seed dormancy of RIL had a very significant positive correlation with oleic acid (C18:1) and peanuts olefinic acid (C22:1),and had a very significant negative correlation with palmitic acid (C16:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2). The coat removal test showed that the germination rate of 7 dormancy materials except H13 and H17 was more than 90% by removal of coat. The results indicated that seed coat affected peanut seed dormancy, but was not the only influence factor.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1456-1463. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1456
In this study, the morphological characteristics the early flower mutants induced by EMS from the cut chrysanthemum variety ‘Jinba’ were characterized, and ISSR-PCR was used for molecular identification of mutants. The photosynthetic characteristics, stomatal and vascular bundle cross-section for the mutants were also measured. The florescence of mutants appeared about 59 days earlier than that of controls. The plant height, leaves and flower diameter were all smaller than those of controls, but they grew well. From the PCR amplification, the differences between the mutants and the control were in the present or absent of the amplified bands. The photosynthetic characteristics, such as the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and intercellular CO2 concentration were all significantly lower than the controls. The number of mutant's stomata significantly reduced, and some stomatas appeared variation. The vascular bundles including primary phloem and primary xylem displayed difference in the size and shape. All these work lays a foundation for breeding the early flowering of excellent chrysanthemum and further characterization of the early flowering genes.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1464-1472. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1464
Using the total RNA from Anthurium andraeanum "Alabama" leaves as the template, a full-length cDNA of alternative oxidase (AOX) gene was obtained by RT-PCR and RACE. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the full-length of cDNA sequence was 1170 bp, which contained an open reading frame of 1035 bp and encoded a protein of 345 amino acid residues. The maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) was decreased along with the time course of cold stress, withering appeared on the leaves, and the Fv/Fm was also decreased sharply when the plants were treated at 6 ℃ for 36 h. This suggested that the plant was greatly injured. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of AnAOX was up-regulated under different time course of cold stress, and the relative mRNA amount reached the peak after treated at low temperature for 24 h. These results suggested that AnAOX was involved in cold resistant in young leaves of Anthurium andraeanum.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1473-1478. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1473
The objective of this study was to investigate the proteome changes induced by heavy ion radiation using irradiated ram sperm by a two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis. The 2D gels were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue. Differentially expressed proteins were detected by PDQuest 8.0 software and subjected to ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with a surveyor HPLC system, and differential protein spots were identified. Results showed there are five differential protein spots in irradiated sperm gels, four up-regulated protein spots and one spot missed. The differentially expressed protein spots were identified to be two up-regulated proteins including enolase, and enolase 1. It was concluded there was proteome changes induced by heavy ion radiation in ram sperm, which may be useful to clarify the physiology state of ram sperm in heavy ion radiation and provide a theoretical basis for radiation ram breeding.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1479-1489. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1479
High yield rice has always been an important aim of crop breeding. In recent years, rapid progress has been made in cloning genes for rice yield related traits. This review mainly introduced the achievements on three yield components, number of grains per panicle, thousand grain weight and tillers per plant. Advances in molecular mechanism governing rice yield, and the newest research breakthroughs in heterosis utilization were summarized as well.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1490-1494. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1490
The effect of irradiation on nutritional quality of soft packaged chicken feet with pickled peppers within shelf life were investigated. Chicken feet were irradiated by E-beam which max dose was 10kGy, and all the samples were stored at 0~10℃ and analyzed one month after irradiation treatment. Significant sterilizing effect was got for soft packaged chicken feet with pickled peppers by irradiation; The contents of protein and fat were changed after irradiation treatment; the contents of VA、VE and VB3 in irradiated chicken feet were increased; The total contents of amino acids increased when irradiation dose were more than 4kGy; The contents of total acids decreased after irradiation treatment, but the contents of cholesterol and nitrite increased. Above all, irradiation treatment can be used to improve nutritional quality of chicken feet with pickled peppers in shelf life.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1495-1500. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1495
The ratio of tea polyphenols to free amino acids content is a quantitative index to evaluate the taste quality of green tea. In this paper, near infrared spectroscopy was used to rapidly predict the ratio of tea polyphenols to amino acids in tea infusion. Synergy interval PLS (siPLS) combined with successive projections algorithm (SPA) was implemented to select feature variables and a siPLS-SPA model was developed. And the performance of siPLS-SPA was compared with that of other models (eg. PLS, iPLS and siPLS). The result showed that siPLS-SPA model was superior to others, and the optimal siPLS-SPA model was achieved with Rp=0.906 and RMSEP=0.258 in the prediction set when only 7 variables were selected and 4 PLS factors were included. T-test was done on 30 samples in prediction set, and the result indicated that there was no significant difference between the reference values and the prediction values. The result showed that siPLS-SPA model was accurate and reliable, and could be used to achieve the quick estimation of green tea taste quality.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1501-1510. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1501
In the present paper Fuji apples were selected from the 9 national representative apple planted region. 30 quality indicators of the apples were determined, including fruit volume, shape index, soluble solids etc,. The data were analysed using principal component and cluster analysis.The results showed that eight comprehensive evaluation indices were extracted by principal component analysis with eigenvalue of over 1 and a cumulative contribution of 100%. The eight most important fruit quality parameter were the weight of single fruit,skin colour and lustre b value, flesh color a value, starch content, give juice rate, solid acid, ffruit firmness, protein according to the eight principal component to 30 quality indexes system clustering analysis, combined with the analysis of variance and coefficient of variation.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1511-1517. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1511
In order to study the changing of BNS hybrid wheat quality character during storage and determine appropriate storage time for new harvest wheat, three BNS hybrid wheat with different gluten and one conventional wheat varieties were established during artificial aging under 50℃ and 95% RH for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20d, respectively. The results showed that with the increase of aging time wheat quality characters changed to different extent. The variation of protein content was small, but that of protein quality was in a great range with the tendency of improving dough rheology characteristics. Dough development, stability, FQN, peak value, peak area, 8 minute curve tall, and the RVA values increased with the artificial aging time prolonging, but the change of pasting temperature was not obvious. The changes of those quality characters during artificial aging were related to quality type of the tested material. The dough rheology characteristics and RVA values of wheat variety with weaker gluten increased greater than others during artificial aging. However, the differences caused by artificial aging still maintain the difference order and relative difference extent among the original wheat. The general trend in the variations of quality properties was similar in hybrid wheat and conventional wheat.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1518-1524. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1518
To make use of flavor nucleotides such as cytidine monophosphate (CMP), uridine monophosphate (UMP), guanosine monophosphate (GMP), inosine monophosphate (IMP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), free amino acids and fatty acids oyster juice, we measured them with a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and GC-MS. The results showed that 5 kinds of flavor nucleotides separated well and the average recovery rate for five flavor nucleotides ranged from 98.76%-100.92% with the coefficient variance (CV) ranged from 1.42%-1.83%, respectively, suggesting that the method was accurate and reliable. 5'-CMP (14.32mg·100mL-1), 5'-GMP (7.27mg·100mL-1) and 5'-IMP (2.14mg·100mL-1) were detected in the oyster juice and the content was slightly reduced after boiling. The oyster juice had high level of free amino acids, such as glutamic acid (2.78mg·mL-1), glycine (1.04mg·mL-1), and arginine (5.47mg·mL-1). A total of 18 kinds of fatty acids were detected with the total content of 702.36μg·mL-1. The saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids were 319.75μg·mL-1 and 382.61μg·mL-1, which accounted for 45.52% and 54.48%of the total fatty acids, respectively. The contents of DHA and EPA were 16.48% of total fatty acids. The synergistic effects might give the oyster juice delicious taste and nutrition.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1525-1533. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1525
Filling characteristics and quality of the capsules grain at different part were analyzed of Zhengzhi 98N09 under the field cultivation conditions. The results indicated that the rate of dry matter of the upper capsule (22.69%) was significantly lower than the lower capsule (50.43%) and the middle capsule (43.51%). With the rise of capsule parts, capsules morphogenesis needed more time (6d for the lower capsule; 9d for the middle capsule; 12d for the upper capsule). The content of crude protein was the highest concentrations after grain filling for 3d and the lowest concentrations after grain filling for 12~15d at different positions and gradually increased with the filling time again. The content of crude fat reached the lowest after grain filling for 12d in the lower capsules and the middle capsules, and achieved the highest level after grain filling for 33d at the lower capsules, whereas it reached the highest concentrations in the middle capsules and the upper capsules at the mature stage. The total contents of oleic acids and linoleic acids followed the order:the upper capsule > the middle capsules.> the lower capsules.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1534-1538. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1534
Adsorption characteristic of the D101 macroporous resin on flavonoids in fructus forsythiae L. were researched through static experiments. The adsorption kinetics was studied by the rst-order and second-order kinetics equations, and thermodynamic parameters of adsorption were determined with Van't Hoff equation. The results showed that adsorption kinetics was described by second-order kinetics equation. Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation was successfully employed to describe the macroporous resin to adsorption of the flavonoids in fructus forsythiae L.. The adsorption of quercetin on resin was physical adsorption, and its enthalpy value was 6.831 kJ·mol-1.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1539-1546. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1539
The parameters for the processing of ready-to-eat frozen edamame were optimized through orthogonal array experiment based on the establishing hurdle factors. The chlorophyll content, total bacterial count and texture parameter were determined to optimize the adding amount of Nisin, drying time, sterilization temperature and sterilization time. Results showed that the ready-to-eat frozen edamame exhibited bright color, strong bean flavor, modest hardness at Nisin concentration of 0.15g·kg-1 after dried for 1h, and sterilized at 105℃ for 20 min.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1547-1552. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1547
The lipoxygenase (LOX) superfamily, exhibits diverse regiospecificity, shows various oxygenation positions on polyunsaturated fatty acid substrates. Different regiospecific LOX catalyze positional-specific dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and form positional-specific hydroperoxy fatty acids that are further metabolized into signaling compounds. This paper reviewed the categorization of LOXs, its effects on grain aging, flour improvement, the formation of fruit flavor and delayed maturation. It discussed the application of LOXs in food processing and the biosynthesis of flavor and fragrance.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1553-1559. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1553
The aim of this work was to investigate the feasibility of mineral elements in traceability of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum. The concentrations of 11 mineral elements (Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, Co, Rb, Sr, Ba, and V) were determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and then the concentrations of all elements were analyzed by canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). The results showed that the elements used to develop the discriminant model of Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) were Pb, Sr, Ba, Ga, and V, and the original and cross-validated classification rates were 100% and 97.1%, respectively. The elements used to develop the discriminant model of different growth areas in Tongxiang were Cd, Pb, and Rb, and the original and cross-validated classification rates were 76.7% and 70.0%, respectively. As a result, the fingerprints of mineral elements could be used to the protection of PDO of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum and the discrimination of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum in different growth areas of Tongxiang.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1560-1566. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1560
Phenanthrene, a representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is gradually accumulating with superposed manner at a low dose in the soil, and will cause a potential threat to soil ecological safety. The effects of accumulated phenanthrene on soil enzymatic activity and available phenanthrene compared with one-time pollution were investigated by using superimposed methods under the simulated condition in the lab. The results showed that, soil extractable and available contents of phenanthrene were quickly declined in the first 14 days, and then decreased slowly from 14 to 56 days under the one-time and accumulated pollution conditions. The soil extractable and available contents of phenanthrene were lower in accumulated pollution samples than in one-time pollution samples. Under these two pollution modes, soil urease, sucrase and dehydrogenase activities were inhibited in the early stage (14d) and stimulated at the rest of the incubation time. Compared with one-time pollution, soil enzyme activity was weakly inhibited in the accumulated pollution. Soil dehydrogenase activity was the most sensitive to phenanthrene pollution and significantly correlated with soil extractable and available phenanthrene, which could be the best indicator to reflect the environmental risk of phenanthrene in soil.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1567-1574. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1567
In order to investigate the management modes of high-quality, high-efficient and soil security of high yield and super-high-yield in winter wheat, the field plot experiment was conducted to study the difference of grain yield, nitrogen uptake and use, and accumulation of soil NO3-N under traditional management and optimal management (high yield and super-high-yield 4 management modes including G,YG, CG, YCG). The results showed that plant nitrogen uptake at flowering and- maturity stage, grain nitrogen from vegetative organs were promoted by optimal management modes; there were 8.9% and 7.2% increase in nitrogen uptake of grain of YG、and YCG compare to G and CG respectively; grain yield of YG mode was significantly promoted by 8.3% compare to G mode under traditional management, but there was no significant difference between CG and YCG under optimal management; NO3-N accumulation and leaching loss were significantly reduced under optimal management, which made soil NO3-N accumulation peaks appeared in 30~60cm soil layer, and the peak value was low.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1575-1580. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1575
Zhenmai168 is a first strong gluten and red-seeded wheat cultivar in southern Huaihe River in Jiangsu Province, which exhibited strong gluten quality, high yield potential, strong resistance to diseases and environment. In order to explore suitable cultivation measures for the large-scale of wheat cultivar, Zhenmai168, the effects of different planting density, nitrogen fertilizer level and their interaction on its yield and quality were investigated in this study. The results showed that effective spikes, yield, dough development time, stability time, crude protein content and volume weight rose first and then dropped as plant density increases of Zhenmai168, however, grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight and wet gluten content reduced gradually. When nitrogen application amount was 240 to 330kg·hm-2, the increase of nitrogen would improve wheat yield, affect its components, and improve quality indices of crude protein content, wet gluten content and volume weight as well. Under this condition, in order to get high yield and good quality, the optimal combination of density and nitrogen applications were 270×104plants.hm-2 and 330kg·hm-2, respectively, for Zhenmai168.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1581-1587. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1581
A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different phosphorus (P) application rates on dry matter accumulation and distribution regulation as well as phosphorus use efficiency. Results indicated that supply of P fertilizer effectively promoted above-ground plant dry matter accumulation, with its promoting effect mainly focused on straws and leaves in vegetative growth period and on capsules and seeds in reproductive period. For various P application rates, the correlation of dry matter and P accumulation with days after emergence all conformed to the logistic equations. Under intermediate P fertilizer rate (99.36 kg P2O5hm-2), the harvest index of oil flax was highest, the P fertilization effect was optimal, and the ability to covert to economic yield was most powerful, and consequently, the oil flax yield increased more than 50%.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1588-1596. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1588
A promoting biogas fermentation and psychro-tolerant strain XG4 was isolated from sludge collected in TaiBaishan wetland, Weiyuan. On the basis of physiology, morphology, structural characteristics and phylogenetic analysis,it was turned out that XG4strain was a species of the Arthrobacter protophormiae.The cow dung biogas production was increased by 36.6% after inoculating the stain of XG4 at fifteen to twenty temperature grades. The optimum biogas fermentation conditions for XG4 were as follows:the initial pH was 7.5, the mass fraction of total solid was 8%, the inoculation was 25%.
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J4. 2013, 27(10): 1596-1603. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.10.1596
The aim of this work was to study effects of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and Ca2+ on the germination of seeds, activities of antioxidant enzymes, content of MDA and soluble sugar, proline in the leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Lumai No.21 and Dekang No. 961) seedling under salt stress. The results indicated:after the seeds were soaked in SNP or SNP and Ca2+, especially primed with 1μmol·L-1 SNP and different concentration Ca2+ solution,the wheat germination percentage, germination vigor and biomass were increased. When priming with 1μmol·L-1 SNP and 10mmol·L-1 Ca2+, the activities of antioxidant enzymes,carotenoids, soluble sugar and proline content were the highest, and MDA content was the lowest. Compared with the control, salt tolerance of wheat seeds and seedlings were enhanced when primed with 1μmol·L-1 SNP and 10mmol·L-1 Ca2+.
