10 February 2019, Volume 33 Issue 2
    

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  • WEI Lingxia, WANG Ying, GUO Rong, DU Dan, MAO Yingjie, YANG Chao, HUANG Yingjin, WANG Zhaohai
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 209-216. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0209
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    A yellow-green leaf mutant, named ygl15, was identified from the hybrid progeny of indica rice lines. Phenotype identification and gene mapping were performed in this study to clarify the leaf color variation mechanism of the ygl15 mutant. The results showed that yellow-green leaves appeared in the ygl15 mutant at the seedling stage, meantime the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in leaves decreased significantly compared with the wild type. The agronomic characters of the ygl15 mutants were affected. The plant height, the effective panicle number, the total grain number per plant, and the filled grain number per plant decreased. While the panicle length, the grain number per panicle, and the seed setting rate kept stable, and the thousand-grain weight increased slightly. Gene expression analysis suggested that, the expressions were up-regulated for genes related to chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthetic system but down-regulated or stable for genes related to heme synthesis in the leaves of ygl15 mutant. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype of ygl15 was controlled by a single nuclear recessive gene. Using the F2 population of the ygl15 mutant crossed with Zhonghua 11, the ygl15 gene was located within a 79 kb region between markers M08124 and M08175 on the third chromosome of rice through the preliminary mapping and fine mapping. This study laid a solid foundation for further cloning ygl15 mutant gene and studying gene function.

  • Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
  • HONG Bingjie, XU Xin, HOU Wensheng, YU Lijie, HAN Tianfu
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 217-225. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0217
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    To establish a chemically inducible gene expression system in soybean, two ethanol inducible expression system(ALCA switch)-based transforming vectors harboring GUS and GmFT2a were constructed, respectively. And transformed into soybean hairy root. Then, the efficiency of induction in ALCA switch-based system was evaluated by measuring the transcriptional level of GUS and GUS enzymatic activity, and verified by testing the expression level of GmFT2a. The results demonstrated that under non-ethanol induction treatment, the expression level of GUS was undetectable in the hairy root transformed with ALCA-mini35S-GUS construct. However, the expression of GUS was observed by using histo-chemical staining after ethanol induction. The gene expression level in ALCA switch system was dependent on ethanol concentration. The highest transcriptional level of GUS gene was obtained by using 0.05% ethanol concentration with 60 hours, and enzymatic activity was the highest after 72 hours of ethanol induction. After 72 hours of ethanol induction (0.05% concentration), the average expression level of GmFT2a in hairy root with ALCA-mini35S construct was increased 150 times than the non- induction treatment, and the maximum level in the extremely-expressed event was even increased 400 times than the control. This study demonstrated that ALCA switch system was functional in soybean hairy root, and this system constructed can not only be used in characterization of gene function, but also provides a novel tool for generating transgenic soybean cultivars.
  • YAO Dan, NI Xiaopeng, SHI Ting, NI Zhaojun, QU Shenchun, GAO Zhihong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 226-239. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0226
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    To dig up the members of NAC gene in Prunus mume and discuss the specificity of tissue expression, NAC gene family was identified by bioinformatics, and its physicochemical properties, chromosomal distribution, subcellular localization and conserved motif were analyzed. Protein structure and subfamily classification were predicted and analyzed. The results showed that the NAC gene family contained 106 members of NAC gene in Prunus mume,which were divided into 12 subfamilies according to phylogenetic characteristics. The PmNAC genes were distributed unevenly on the 8 chromosomes of Prunus mume. Most of them encoded acidic amino acids and most NAC proteins were hydrophilic proteins. The secondary structure was mainly composed of random coil, and the tertiary structure was similar. Subcellular localization showed that NAC proteins of Prunus mume are typical nucleoproteins. 12 members of NAC gene family were selected for tissue expression analysis by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that 12 NAC genes were all expressed in different tissues, but the expression was significantly different. Three of them (PmNAC54、PmNAC32、PmNAC68 ) were expressed the highest in the pericarp, 4 genes (PmNAC60、PmNAC95、PmNAC51、PmNAC2 ) were expressed the highest in the sarcocarp, 3 genes (PmNAC31、PmNAC62、PmNAC48 ) were expressed the highest in the tender stem, and the other 2 genes (PmNAC61、PmNAC71 ) had the highest expression in the fruit embryo and flower bud, respectively. Differences in expression characteristics suggest that they may have different biological functions. The results of this study have laid a theoretical foundation for further functional analysis of NAC gene in Prunus mume.
  • HUANG Tianhong, ZHANG Ya, LIANG Chaofan, HOU Xilin, LI Ying
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 240-247. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0240
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    In order to optimize the microspore culture technology in non-heading Chinese cabbage, the effects of genotype, low temperature stress and the addition amount of cefotaxime on the embryogenesis of isolated microspore were studied with 20 genotypes of non-heading Chinese cabbage. The development of microspore-derived embryos, the embyros regeneration and the ploidy identification were also observed, The results were as follows: When petal/anther (P/A) was 0.85~1.10, the microspores of non-heading Chinese cabbage were mainly in the late stage of uninucleate. There were 10 genotypes of non-heading Chinese cabbage showing embryogenesis, the incidence of embryo was highest for the genotype of H20, which was 7.75 embryoids·10 bud-1. Low tempeature stress pretreatment at 4℃ for 1 d was helpful for embryogenesis. The effect of cefotaxime on the rate of embryo formation was highly dependent on genotype. From the embryoids to seedling stage, the frequency of embryo regeneration was varied within different genotypes; 21 microspore-derived plants were doubled haploids (DH) and 2 were haploids through ploidy identification, the natural doubling rate was 91.3%. The morphology of the obtained microspore-derived plants showed obvious diversity. These researches provide a way for the optimization of microspore culture in non-heading Chinese cabbage.
  • CAI Wenbo, DUAN Hong, WANG Jun, ZHU Yuandi
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 248-254. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0248
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    In order to speed up the propagation and improve the quality of nursery plants of table grapes, in vitro mircropropagation was established. In this study, cultivars of Summer Black, Red Globe, Kyoho and Muscat Hamburg were used as materials to explore the methods of disinfection of aseptic explants, the composition of subculture medium and the techniques of domestication. The results showed that 87.6% of explants of nodal stems survived when sterilized by the low concentration of 0.3%~0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 15 min and cultured on the MS medium supplementing with 0.2 mg·L-1 IBA, 1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA and 0.5 mg·L-1 KT. The propagules grew robustly on the WPM medium supplementing with IBA 0.2 mg·L-1 that was suitable for both shoot growth and rooting, and the proliferation rate of shoots were enhanced. All plantlets of four table grape cultivars survived when transplanted in the green house after hydroponic acclimation for 3 to 4 weeks. These results suggested that this in-vitro rapid propagating system was basically suitable for four table grape cultivars and could be applied to scientific research and industrialized mass production of nursery plants. This study provides theoretical basis for accelerating the propagation speed of fresh grape and improving seedling quality.
  • XING Zhenjuan, DONG Liming, LIU Na, XIA Wei, LI Congcong, XIE Yanbo, LI Feiwu
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 255-261. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0255
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    In order to establish a high-throughput detection method for herbicide-tolerant transgenic crops, five herbicide-tolerant genes, dmo, pat, CP4EPSPS, bar and aad1,which are widely used in production, were selected as targets in this study. By verifying the applicability of designed primers, determining the concentration of primers, annealing temperature, and the sensitivity and specificity of the detection system, the MPCR assay for detecting these five herbicide-tolerant genes simultaneously was developed. The results showed that when the final concentration of primers for dmo, pat, CP4EPSPS, bar and aad1 genes were 0.2, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.2 μmol·L-1, respectively, and the annealing temperature was 63℃, these five target genes could be well amplified and the specific bands were clear and uniform. In addition, the pentaplex PCR method had good specificity, and the detection sensitivity for each target gene could reach 0.1%. The applicability testing showed that this MPCR method could be used to screen the target genes from single event or mixture of several events, and there was no false positive and false negative amplification, which indicated that the system had good applicability in practical application. The study provided a high-efficient screening mean for the detection of herbicide tolerant genetically modified crops.
  • ZHANG Fuyan, ZHANG Jianwei, CHENG Zhongjie, CHEN Xiaojie, QI Hongzhi, YANG Bao'an, FAN Jialin, CUI Long
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 262-269. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0262
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    Space-flight mutation is a technique by using micro-gravity, strong radiation, ultra-low temperature and other special space environment to induce seeds or in vitro tissues of plants to obtain beneficial mutants, and therefore breeding new plant varieties or creating excellent breeding materials and genetic resources. This paper summarizes the concept and development of space-flight breeding and achievements in wheat breeding focuses on the effect of space mutation on important agronomic characters of wheat as well as genetic mechanism of space mutation in recent years. Furthermore, we also discussed the existing problems and the possible research direction and application prospect in future studies of space mutation, which aimed at providing a theoretical reference for wheat space breeding in China.
  • DENG Yanming, QI Xiangyu, SU Jiale
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 270-277. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0270
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    Jasmine [Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton] has high values in ornament, tea and Chinese traditional medicine, and its flower is an important raw material for scenting jasmine tea and processing flavor. At present, the popularly planted cultivar is a type of double-petal jasmine. However, the cultivar will degenerate severely for a long-term of cultivation, leading to the decreases of flower yield and plant resistance. For full understanding the research status of jasmine reproductive developmental and molecular characteristics, this paper reviewed the fundamental research advances, including the development of male and female reproductive organs, molecular markers development, genetic diversity analysis, and functional gene clone. At the same time, the authors prospected the main research directions and key points underlying the characteristics of reproductive development and molecular biology, for the aim of providing theoretical reference to conquer the reproductive barriers and realize the goals of cultivar improvement, germplasm innovation, molecular analysis on some important traits and molecular design breeding of jasmine.
  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
  • WANG Jinbin, LI Wen, JIANG Wei, BAI Lan, LIU Hua, LI Zhengpeng, WU Wenhui, TANG Xueming
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 278-289. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0278
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    In order to improve the yield and regeneration rate of Agaricus bisporus Portabello protoplast. Mushroom strain was ZONGXIU No.1 was selected, and two regression analysis with Design-Expert 8.0.6 software were used to optimize the preparation conditions of protoplast. The results showed that the yield of protoplast was arrived at the highest with 4.39×107·mL-1 in the condition of lywallzyme concentration1.35%, snailase concentration 7.01%, enzymolysis time 3.00 h, mycelium age 8.36 days and enzymolysis temperature 30.4℃. The highest protoplast regeneration rate with 15.1% was found in the condition of lywallzyme concentration 1.32%, snailase concentration 6.96%, enzymolysis time 2.97 h, mycelium age 9.00 days and enzymolysis temperature 31.0℃. The ultraviolet mutagenesis and chemical mutagenesis were used to mutate the protoplast growth characteristic, and eighteen strains with improved growth characteristics were obtained. The results could provide theoretical basis for protoplasts transformation, genome rearrangement and genome targeted editing for Agaricus bisporus Portobello.
  • LEI Yanlin, ZHU Rui, ZHAO Maojie, WU Hejun, ZHANG Zhiqing, SHEN Guanghui, LI Shanshan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 290-296. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0290
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    In order to promote the high value-added utilization of fruit and vegetable by-products, pomelo peel powder was used to prepare edible films with sodium alginate as thickener and glycerol as plasticizer via casting. The ratios of pomelo peel powder, sodium alginate and glycerol were changed in order to see the composition effect on the tensile properties,water barrier properties and light transmittance of the films were investigated, and formulation for preparation of the films was optimized. The results showed that the optimal formula to prepare edible pomelo peel based films was 3% (w/w) pomelo peel powder, 0.15% (w/w) sodium alginate (based on the total quality of pomelo peel solution, the same below) and 0.5% (w/w) glycerol. The pomelo peel based film has smooth surfaces, light yellow color, and excellent comprehensive performance at this optimal formula, with a tensile strength of 17.53±0.35 MPa, elongation at break of 19.46%±0.43%, water vapor permeability of (2.327±0.128)×10-12g·cm-1·s-1·Pa-1, and light transmittance of 63.2%±0.15%. The results of this study could be a theoretical reference for the application of pomelo peel based films in food packaging.
  • DING Haomiao, SUN Tao, XIA Pengkui, TANG Qian, WANG Zhonghua, WANG Caisheng, CHEN Haimin, QIAN Guoying
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 297-304. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0297
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    To efficienty use the Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide(SFPS Ⅰ), studyed the inhibitory effect of the polysaccharide fraction from Sargassum fusiforme on the activity and structure of α-glucosidase while SFPS Ⅰwas as a raw material and α-glucosidase was as a target. To investigate the inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase activity on the Caco-2 cell model, a Caco-2 cell model with α-glucosidase activity was established. The results showed that SFPS Ⅰcould obviously inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase. The inhibitory concentration leadingto 50% activity lost (IC50) was estimated to be 0.31 mg·mL-1. SFPS Ⅰwas a reversible inhibitor of α-glucosidase. Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated that SFPS Ⅰwas a mixed-type inhibitor, and its inhibition constant Ki was 0.143 μmol·L-1. Endogenous fluorescence and ANS-binding fluorescence test of α-glucosidase indicated that SFPS Ⅰcombined with the α-glucosidase caused significant changes in the structure. The higher the SFPS Ⅰconcentration, the more significant the inhibition to the α-glucosidase of Caco-2 cell model. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the design and development of new inhibitors in the future and the new resources for further development of the hypoglycemic pharamaceutical intermediates or functional foods.
  • YIN Yong, DAI Songsong, YU Huichun
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 305-312. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0305
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    In order to investigate the feasibility of detecting aflatoxin B1 in moldy maize using hyperspectral technique, 5 kinds of maize with different moldy degrees were selected as materials. Then the hyperspectral data of the 250 samples were obtained by the hyperspectral image acquisition system, which were preprocessed by multiplicative scatter correction (MSC). The characteristic wavelengths were selected by partial least squares regression (PLSR) coefficients, and 7 characteristic wavelengths were selected. And then Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) was used to identify the moldy maize samples under full band and characteristic wavelength conditions, respectively. The result showed that the accuracy rate of the 5 kinds of moldy maize samples at the full band was between 85% and 88%, while the accuracy rates of the FDA at these characteristic wavelengths were higher than 98%. This indicated that the different moldy degrees of maize can be characterized by these characteristic wavelengths. The BP model was better than that of PLSR, and correlation coefficient and the root mean square error of the predictive set based on the BP model were 0.999 9 and 0.180 9, respectively. Therefore, it was feasible to detect aflatoxin B1 content from maize samples with different moldy degree by hyperspectral technology. And an important theoretical reference was also provided for other agricultural products.
  • FAN Xiuzhi, YIN Chaomin, YE Luona, SHI Defang, GAO Hong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 313-321. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0313
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    In order to meet the demand of the functional food development from Auricularia heimuer and achieve the comprehensive utilization of the Radix puerariae residue, the stuff of solid fermentation medium were screened, and then the medium composition including residue of R. puerariae were optimized by orthogonal test in this study. Subsequently, the antioxidant activities of total flavonoids extracted from fermented fungal substance of A. heimuer were conducted in vitro. The results showed that the optimal solid fermentation medium was made up of 50 g corn grits, 4.5% residue of R. puerariae and 50 mL optimized liquid fermentation medium. The content of total flavonoids in the above-mentioned culture medium fermented after 35 d was 5.645 mg·g-1. According to the in vitro antioxidant assays, although the reducing power of total flavonoids was weak, the scavenging activity for total flavonoids towards DPPH radical reached 94%, and the scavenging rate for hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion free radical were 97% and 98% respectively when the flavonoids concentration was 600 μg·mL-1. The results could provide scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of residue of R. puerariae and the development of functional nutritious food for A. heimuer.
  • GE Xiaoming, GU Wei, XU Yongjian
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 322-329. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0322
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    In order to study the high efficient use of Hippocampus kuda Bleeker protein, the degreased hippocampal powder was digested by alkaline protease and trypsin,and the protein hydrolysate (PH) was separated by ultrafiltration into 5 fractions (PH-Ⅰ, PH-Ⅱ, PH-Ⅲ, PH-Ⅳ, PH-Ⅴ). We analyzed and compared the amino acids composition and their antioxidative capacity of the 5 fractions of PH. The results showed that PH-Ⅴ (<2 500 Da) exhibited the highest antioxidative activity with 1, 1-diphenyl -2-picrylhyd-razyl (DPPH) (34.2%±0.1%), superoxide radicals (29.2%±0.1%) scavenging, as well as reducing power (0.28%±0.005%). Although the content of hydrophobic amino acids was lower than hydrophilic amino acids, the former played a crucial role in the scavenging efficiency to eliminate free radicals. Polar and non-polar amino acids synergistically enhanced the scavenging efficiency by increasing the effective concentration of free radical cleanup. Each unit of polar amino acids for antioxidative capacity was about 1.2 times that of nonpolar amino acids. Furthermore, each unit of aromatic amino acids for antioxidative capacity was around 2 times that of aliphatic amino acids on scavenging free radicals. This study not only prepared a class of antioxidant petides with developmental value, but also analyzed the relationship between the antioxidant capacity of those peptides and amino acid composition, which provided the theoretical basis for the high utilization of hippocampus.
  • ZENG Qinghan, MA Peihua, TAI Kedong, HE Xiaoye, YUAN Fang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 330-336. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.330
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    Although curcumin has many bioactive functions, the poor solubility and stability limit its application in food and medicine. In this study, the curcumin emulsion was prepared by high pressure homogenization with flaxseed oil as the oil phase carrier of curcumin. Four kinds of food emulsifiers (lecithin, Tween-80, acacia, whey protein isolate) were used respectively for investigating the physicochemical properties and storage stability of curcumin emulsion. The stability was evaluated from the encapsulation efficiency, turbidity, particle size, potential and other aspects, from which we screened out the emulsion with good characteristics and stability. The results showed that the highest curcumin encapsulation efficiency (76.98%), the lowest turbidity (848.0 NTR) and mean particle size (214.23±1.52 nm) were obtained when Tween-80 was used. Meanwhile, curcumin emulsion containing Tween-80 showed the best storage stability with the smallest variation of particle size with less than 1% increase. And the highest retention rate of curcumin was 88.02% at 4℃. The results showed that the curcumin emulsion had the best solubility and stability with Tween-80 as emulsifier. This study provided a new solution for the application of curcumin in the food industry.
  • Isotope Tracer Technique· Ecology & Environment· Physiology
  • LIU Zhiping, GU Xin, YU Kaixiang, ZHANG Sufen, YE Qingfu, WANG Wei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 337-345. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0337
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    As one of the most frequently used antibiotic drugs, erythromycin (ERY) pollution is ubiquitous in aquatic environment. However, the fate of ERY in aquatic environment has not been fully understood. In this study, the uptake and transportation of 14C-ERY in aquatic plants and animals were studied by14C tracing basing on a simulated duckweed-tadpole aquatic ecosystem and an artificial vegetable hydroponics system. The effects of two (SR and PP) dissolved organic matters (DOM) on the bioaccessibility of ERY to duckweed, tadpole and edible vegetables were also elucidated. The results showed that the waterborne ERY at a concentration of 20 μg L-1 was accessible to both the water plants and animals, and different uptake and accumulation patterns were observed between the different biotas. Results from the aquatic ecosystem experiment demonstrated that ERY could be absorbed by duckweed quickly and an apparent equilibrium concentration of 1.35±0.11 nmol·g-1 was reached within 72 h. The absorption of ERY in duckweed in treatments with DOM were significantly inhibited compared to the control treatment without DOM, and the inhibition influence is generally greater for treatment with DOM from SR than PP. ERY was continuously accumulated with time in the bodies of tadpole and reached to its maximum concentration (1.20±0.05 nmol·g-1) at the end of 360 h exposure. The accumulation of ERY in tadpole was inhibited when the SR was present in water. The greater inhibition of ERY absorption by SR than PP could be attributed to the higher bonding rate between SR and ERY. The bioaccumulation coefficients of ERY in duckweed, tadpole, rape and lettuce were 58.77±0.63 and 49.58±4.03, 1.65±0.18 (shoot) and 1.36±0.23 (shoot) L·kg-1, respectively. The translocation factors of ERY in both the lettuce and pakchoi were < 1, which potentially suggesting that ERY may not be tending to be transported upward. The presence of DOM had no significant influence on the accumulation of ERY in lettuce or pakchoi. This study reported the effect of DOM on the uptake and accumulation of ERY in aquatic organisms for the first time, and the absorption and accumulation characteristics of ERY in edible vegetables were firstly studied. It is of great significance for evaluating the ecological safety of ERY more precisely.
  • WANG Lei, CHANG Peipei, ZHANG Zikun, LI Tengfei, TAN Yueqiang, HE Hongjun
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 346-354. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0346
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    In order to evaluate the effects of rootstock on yield and quality of mini-watermelon in open field synthetically, the self-root scion Jingying-6 was taken as control to study the change characteristics of the seedling quality, plant growth vigor, yield and fruit quality by the same scion grafting onto 7 squash and 7 bottle gourd rootstocks. The results showed that the grafting survival rates on all rootstocks were higher than 90%, and the seedlings grafted on squash rootstocks of XS and HT and bottle gourd rootstocks of QG and JX-1 had higher quality. Plant growth vigor and yield were significantly different among different rootstocks. All the scions grafted onto the squash rootstocks had stronger growth vigor and higher yield, which showed the increasing yield rate was 17.0% at least. Plant growth vigor and yield were greatly changed by grafting on bottle gourd rootstocks, which demonstrated the increasing yield rate of scion grafted on QG were 49.4%, but the plant yield grafted on JX-W decreased by12.3% compared to CK. Grafting also had significant effect on fruit characteristics and fruit quality. Comprehensive evaluation of indexes forming mini-watermelon quality showed that only two squash and four bottle gourd grafting fruit quality were higher than that of CK. In conclusion, mini-watermelon yields of all squash-rootstock unions were improved, but fruit quality was reduced on most of squash-rootstock. Among the bottle gourd rootstocks determined, only QG and JX-1 grafting plants had higher yield and better fruit quality. This study provides a theoretical basis for high-quality and yield cultivation of grafting mini-watermelon.
  • LI Fengrui, SHI Jialiang, DONG Lingyan, ZHANG Donglou, ZHAO Wenchao, LI Zishuang, YANG Xiufeng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 355-362. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0355
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    The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of density, fertilizer and chemical control on the development, canopy structure, yield and quality of new short-season cotton variety De0720.The field experiment was conducted in 2014-2015.The dynamic changes of individual development and canopy structure, and related traits were observed under different density, fertilizer and chemical control levels based on orthogonal design of the five factors and four-two-two-two-two levels. The results showed that the plant height of De0720 with different treatments had the same dynamic change,which the height increased rapidly from budding stage to full flowering stage, and nearly stopped increasing after tip pruning (July 30). From full flowering stage to boll opening stage, the height increased with the increase of density and decreased with the increase of chemical control amount. The stem diameter increased rapidly from budding stage to full flowering stage, increased slowly after tip pruning (July 30), and stabilized after full-boll stage (August 15).With the growth of cotton, the stem diameter decreased with the increase of density. The leaf area index (LAI) continued to increase from full bud stage to full-boll stage, and significantly decreased after full-boll stage. The light transmission ratio of population bottom showed an opposite trend compared to leaf area index. The highest yield of cotton was obtained when light transmission ratio was 4.8% at full-boll stage. In 2014, pre-frost lint cotton yields of D0720 were presented T6>T2>T7>T3>T8>T4>T5>T1,and in 2015 T6>T2>T7>T3>T8>T4>T1>T5, which those of T6 and T2 were significantly higher than other treatments. Based on partial least-squares regression model, the analysis of the two years cotton yields showed that the treatments of T6 was the best combination, and these yields of 2014 and 2015 were 1 776.0 kg·hm-2 and 1 470.0 kg·hm-2 respectively. The difference in De0720 fiber quality of different treatments was not significant. This study provided a theoretical basis for the improvement of yield potential and scientific exploitation of new varieties of De0720.
  • WANG Wangtian, XIE Guanghui, LIU Wenyu, WANG Baoqiang, ZHENG Kaixiang, WEI Jinmei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 363-371. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0363
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    In order to study effect of exogenous nitric oxide on seed germination and seedling growth of Sorghum under salt stress, we used Sorghum variety Guoneng No.4 as experimental materials, it was pretreated with 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mmol·L-1 sodium nitriprusside [SNP, a nitric oxide (NO) donor]. The results showed that seed germination ability was inhibited by salt stress, and 1.6% NaCl is the sensitive concentration of salt stress to Sorghum seeds. Damage to Sorghum seedlings caused by 1.6% NaCl stress was significantly alleviated in the presence of different concentrations of SNP, and 0.1 mmol·L-1 SNP was the best choice. Compared with single NaCl treatment, seed germination rate, germination power and germination indexes were increased by 29.51%, 39.21% and 38.91%,respectively. The contents of chl a, chl b, chlorophyll, soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline were increased by 230.00%, 184.38%, 214.13%, 17.00%, 8.78% and 40.63%, respectively. The contents of MDA were decreased by 34.01%. The activities of SOD, POD, CAT and APX were increased by 33.38%, 55.75%, 23.17% and 116.46%, respectively. In conclusion, suitable concentration of SNP may alleviate damage to seeds and seedlings caused by salt stress. Key components of the response are: increased the osmotic adjustments level, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, decreased the reactive oxygen species level, with resultant promotion of the seedling growth, and enhanced the salt resistant ability of Sorghum.
  • LIU Aili, WANG Linhai, LI Donghua, ZHOU Rong, JIANG Shiyang, ZHANG Xiurong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 372-378. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0372
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    In order to test effects of waterlogging stress on physiological indexes of two different genotypes of sesame in this research, the content of osmotic adjustment substances (Pro, SP and SS), the activity of protective enzymes (APX, SOD, CAT and POD) and the content of MDA were investigated during waterlogging stress at different time points at the full flowering stage. The results showed that the variation tendency of the relative content of SS and the relative activity of SOD were similar in both genotypes, respectively presented “W-type” and “M-type” change trend. The relative content of SP and the relative activity of APX, CAT, POD in waterlogging-tolerant genotype Hubei Zhushanbaizhima were always obviously or slightly higher than sensitive genotype Ezhi2. However, the relative content of Pro and MDA in sensitive genotype Ezhi2 was significantly higher than waterlogging-tolerant genotype Hubei Zhushanbaizhima. There was no obvious regularity in these indicators. In conclusion, the tolerance of Hubei Zhushanbaizhima in waterlogging was stronger than Ezhi2. This research provided a theoretical basis for further clarifying the mechanism of physiological response of waterlogging resistance and identifying the waterlogging resistance genes in sesame.
  • ZHONG Chuan, YANG Binjuan, ZHANG Peng, LI Ping, HUANG Guoqin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 379-388. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0379
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    In order to explore the effects of different winter crops and paddy-upland rotation on rice paddy yield and greenhouse gas emission reduction, cropping patterns were set up as Chinese milk vetch - early rice - late rice (CRR), Chinese milk vetch - rice - sweet potato‖soybean (CRI), rape - late early rice - late rice (RRR), rape - rice - sweet potato‖soybean (RRI), and potato - early rice - late rice (PRR). Based on the effects of different water-and-dry crop rotation patterns of different crops in winter on rice yield, global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI), the annual emission flux of CH4 and N2O in paddy fields was determined by static dark box-gas chromatography. The results showed that different crops in winter could increase the early rice yield, but they had little effect on the late rice yield, among which Chinese milk vetch had the best effect on early rice yield. And CRI treatment was 1.73%, 12.08%, and 7.48% higher than other treatments, respectively. The yield of water and drought rotation treatment was higher than double-season rice treatment, and late rice yield of RRI treatment was 5.37%, 22.54%, 29.83% and 27.24% higher than other treatments, respectively. Different crops in winter had no significant effect on CH4 and N2O emissions (P>0.05), however, the paddy-upland rotation significantly increased N2O emissions and reduced CH4 emissions (P<0.05). Among the 5 planting models, RRI treatment had the lowest GWP, and was 25.54%, 29.76%, and 20.78% lower than CRR, RRR, and PRR treatments, respectively (P<0.05). The GHGI of RRI treatment was the lowest, which was 32.51%, 18.18%, 30.77%, and 20.59% lower than other treatments (P<0.05), respectively. In summary, the effect of RRI treatment on increasing crop yields and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields was the best. The results provided a theoretical basis for high yield and greenhouse gas reduction in the double-crop rice paddy area in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River.
  • SHI Xinjie, LI Zhuo, ZHUANG Wenhua, LIU Chao
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 389-397. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0389
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    To explore the feasibility of oilseed rape as a repair plant of Cd polluted farmland, effects of Cd with different concentrations and water contents were studied through pot test. Three levels of soil moisture and four levels of soil cadmium content experiments were set to find out the law of absorption and accumulation ability of cadmium by oilseed rape. The absorbing capacity improved with the increasing water content and cadmium concentration; cadmium content varied a lot in different parts of the oilseed rape, with the above-ground parts absorbing 0.41%~1.17% of the total cadmium applied in the soil and leaves absorbing 46.4%~72.6% of the total volume. Under different water conditions, the increasing of Cd in different parts of the oilseed rape’s amount of enrichment varied a lot. When the soil moisture levels were high and medium, amount of cadmium in enrichment followed the order of leaf>stem>root> shell >seed, while under low soil moisture level, it ranked as leaf> root>stem>shell >seed. In conclusion, oilseed rape had a great ability of Cd absorption, but cadmium ion was insoluble in rapeseed oil, which showed that oilseed rape can not only take up cadmium from soil, but also had no effect on edible quality of the rapeseed oil. Thus, oilseed rape is an ideal plant for Cd-contaminated farmland remediation. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the soil contaminated by heavy metals with oilseed rape.
  • CUI Zhengjun, GAO Yuhong, YAN Bin, WU Bin, NIU Junyi, ZHAO Bangqing, ZHAO Yongwei, LI Ying
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 398-411. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0398
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    In order to clarify the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on water consumption characteristics of oil flax in typical semiarid gully area of Loess Plateau and select the suitable local irrigation amount and fertilization application rate, the field experiment was conducted. The effects of water and nitrogen coupling on water use characteristics at different growth stages, grain yield, and water use efficiency of oil flax were studied by three-factor split. Two species of Lunxuan 2 (V1) and Dingya 22 (V2) were selected as the main area, three irrigations of 0 (W1), 1 200 (W2), and 1 800 m3·hm-2 (W3) were set as the sub-area, and three nitrogen fertilizer gradients of 0 (N1), 60 (N2), and 120 kg·hm-2 (N3) were the secondary sub-areas. The results showed that the irrigation amount and nitrogen rate mainly affected the soil water content above 100 cm soil depth, indicating that W3 was higher than W2 and W1, and N3 was higher than N2 and N1. The average soil water content of W3 in the 0~100 cm soil layer during maturity was 9.04% and 30.93% higher than W2 and W1, respectively, and N3 was 5.96% and 9.68% higher than N2 and N1, respectively. The variety, irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected yield. The yield of V2 increased by 8.94% compared with the yield of W3 and W2 increased by 40.35% and 27.42%, respectively, compared with W1, and the yield of N3 and N2 increased by 13.86% and 8.50%, respectively, compared with N1. The interactive effects between water and nitrogen, variety and water, and variety and nitrogen were significant (P<0.01), however, the interactive effects among variety, water and nitrogen were not significant. The agronomic utilization efficiency decreased with the increase of irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate, the partial productivity increased with the increase of irrigation amount, and decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. These results suggested that selecting V2 with 1 800 m3·hm-2 irrigation amount and 60 kg N·hm-2 nitrogen fertilizer in test region was the best choice, which can increase grain yield and improve soil moisture absorption of oil flax in dryland. The results provide a theoretical basis for high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of oil flax.
  • QIN Tianyuan, SUN Chao, BI Zhenzhen, WANG Han, LI Xin, ZENG Wenjie, BAI Jiangping
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(2): 412-419. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.02.0412
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    Root system was an important organ for plants to absorb nutrients and moisture from the soil and support the aboveground part of plants, and it was one of the hotspots of plant research. However, due to the complexity and opacity of the plant root growth environment, the development of plant roots was relatively slow. In recent years, the rapid development of root imaging technology provided a more intuitive and effective research method for the plant roots study. Potato was the main crop harvesting underground tubers, and the application of underground root imaging technology in potato research was particularly important. In this paper, the advantages, the disadvantages and application area of the traditional imaging technology (glass pane and glass tube method) and the modern imaging technology (Neutron imaging technology, X-ray scanning technology, Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging technology, Fluorescence imaging technology, Laser confocal imaging technology, Multi-spectral imaging technology, Hyperspectral imaging technology and Computed tomography imaging technology, etc.) were systematically summarized and compared. In addition, according to the potato growth characteristics and growth environment, several efficient imaging technology and analysis system monitoring potato root development in situ were screened. This review offered a reference for the selection of imaging technology that could be widely adapted to the tuberous plants research.