20 August 2008, Volume 22 Issue 04
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 389-393+403. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0389
The japonica rice cultivar "Nipponbare" and indica rice cultivar "9311" were treated by nitrogen ion beam implantation and γ-rays irradiation to induce mutants for genetic and functional genomics researches.The damage effects were evaluated in M_1 generation and M_1 plants were harvested by single plant.Screening in M_2 generation and identifying in M_3 generation,740 and 666 mutants in Nipponbare and 571 and 781 mutants in "9311",were induced by nitrogen ion beam and γ-rays.Morphological variations at vegetative and reproductive stages,including leaf,stalk,panicle,seed and various physiological characters,were commonly observed in the two mutagenized populations.The mutation frequency of 6.44% for Nipponbare at the ion beam dose of 5.0×10~(16) N~+/cm~2 and 6.38% for "9311" at 2.5×10~(16) N~+/cm~2 were observed,and for r-rays irradiation at dosage of 150Gy were 5.68% and 9.44% respectively.In the present study,the damages in M_1 generation of each higher mutation population were least.So,this new mutant library,which was obtained by ion beam implantation and γ-rays irradiation,may be helpful for gene identification and gene functional analysis in future.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 394-398. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0394
Mature and young seeds of japonic rice cultivar "Nipponbare" were used as materials to induce and produce embryogenic callus.Four RNAi and two anti-sense RNA expression vectors of rice cryptochrome gene were transformed into these callus tissue mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens.Induced plants were obtained by resistance screening and differentiation culture.Positive transgenic plants were identified through molecular detection.Statistic analysis of induced callus rate,resistance callus rate,seedling differentiation rate and transformation rate were then carried out.The results indicated that the callus induction rate for all matuer seeds,fresh mature seeds and young seeds was higher than 81%,averaged 86.67%,with the induction rate for fresh mature seeds highest up to 96.87%.The resistance callus rate for mature embryo was 22.21%～40.71%,averaged 28.49%,for young embryo was 36.79%～43.21%,averaged 40%,which means the resistance callus rate for the young embryo was higher than that for the mature embryo.The seedling differentiation emergence rate for mature embryo was 59.29%～80.43%,averaged 71.59%,for young embryo was 63.16%～72.73%,averaged 67.95%,showing no significant difference between the two kinds of embryos.The transformation rate(Gus positive rate) for mature embryo was 43.07%～81.08%,averaged 61.51%,for young embryo was 58.33%～76.67%,averaged 67.50%,which means the transformation rate for the young embryo was slightly higher than that for the mature embryo.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 399-403. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0399
M_3 dwarf mutants derived from both mixed particle field(CR) and γ-rays irradiation in winter wheat varieties ZY9 and ZH7 were used to compare the DNA molecular differences of two induced mutagenesis by SSR polymorphism analysis.114 sets of SSR markers randomly distributed over the 21 chromosomes of wheat were included.The results showed that the SSR polymorphic loci mostly distributed in chromosomes 2A,2B,2D,3D and 5A of the M_3 dwarf mutants induced by CR;but in chromosomes 2A,2B,2D,4A and 5A by γ-rays in wheat varieties ZY9 and ZH7.Compared to the γ-rays irradiation,more DNA fragments and change of molecular weight could be induced in the mutants derived from CR irradiation in ZY9 and ZH7,but less band lack was found in M_3 dwarf mutants derived from CR irradiation.Sequence analysis showed that base substitution and insertion were the main mutation types induced by CR irradiation,and base T might be the hotspot base to mutation.It was concluded that CR irradiation could result in DNA variation of wheat and could be a new effective approach for crop mutation breeding.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 404-409. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0404
The effects of different protein extraction methods(phenol extraction method and TCA-acetone precipitation method),and different lysis buffer on two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) gels were compared,the loading quantity of sample and the gel concentrations were also optimized for the analysis of 2-DE system on the monokaryotic stage anther of wheat.The results showed that,samples prepared by TCA/acetone precipitation had observed more protein spots than phenol extraction method,and clearer background and protein spots were obtained in the 2-DE map.The sample dissolved in the lysis bufferⅡ which contained thiourea and TBP,could enhanced the protein solubility,and about 554 protein spots were detected on the 2-DE gels,which was 39 protein spots more than the lysis bufferⅠ.The proteins extracted by the TCA/acetone method,dissolved protein with the lysis buffer Ⅱ,with pH 4～7 17cm IPG scip,800μg loading quantity and 13% concentrations of the SDS-PAGE gel,the proteins were well separated,total 631 protein spots were detected.The optimized condition of 2-DE was suitable for proteomic analysis of wheat anthers.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 410-414. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0410
The wheat variety "Yannong 15" were treated by EMS(ethyl methane sulfonate) for the construction of the mutant genebank and the creation of new germplasm,which provided the foundational materials for the study of wheat functional gene and wheat genetic improvement.After the selection from M_2 generation and the identification of M_3 generation,eleven mutant lines with the most significant variation on the traits of grain size and plant height,were obtained.All of the mutant lines are composited trait mutants,and according to variation character,they could be divided into three types: 8 mutant lines with large grain size and long-culm,2 mutant lines with semidwarf,1 mutant line with long-culm and multi-tiller.A total of 715 EST-SSR primer pairs were used to analyze "Yannong15" and 4 M_3 mutant lines.Polymorphic fragments were detected from 14 primer pairs,of which 12 showed polymorphism that with or without amplified fragment and 2 with different fragment length.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 415-419. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0415
The mutants induced by space environment were selected from the four samples that loaded in the Satellite SF8 and named as S.cerevisiae FL 01-M,FL 03-M, 2.0016-M and 2.1424-M corresponded to the original strain.The effects of space environment on biomass,cell wall and some polysaccharides of S.cerevisiae were detected.The results indicated that,the biomass,ratio of yeast cell wall to biomass,thickness of yeast cell wall,the contents of β-glucans and mannans of the mutant 2.0016-M were significantly increased 46.7%,3.8%, 62.6%,146.8%,18.8%,respectively(P<0.01).Through continuously inoculated 8 descendants,the genetic stability of S.cerevisiae 2.0016-M was studied,there is no reverse reversion mutation being observed.The biomass,the ratio of cell wall to biomass,the thickness of the cell wall,contents of β-glucan and mannan of the strains FL01-M and 2.1424-M were affected insignificantly by space environment.All indexes of FL03-M were reduced significantly by space environment except biomass.So the sensitivity to space environment of each S.cerevisiae stain were different,the polysaccharides content of some S.cerevisiae specific lines could be improved efficiently by space mutation.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 420-425. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0420
Effect of ion implantation on strain KNP414 of Bacillus mucilaginosus was investigated.Survival ratio of isolate KNP414 was independent of the tested ions species and energy,but was highly dependent on their doses and the presence of bacterial capsule.14 phytate-degradation mutants were obtained from the spores implanted with N~+(20keV,5×10~(15)～5×10~(16) ions cm~(-2)),and their phytate-degradation capacities were 15%～35%.Amongst,3 mutants(KNP414-04, KNP414-05,KNP414-12) with higher solubilizing capacities of mineral phosphate and potassium were identified.Their solubilizing capacities of the two minerals increased by 14.7%～27.5% and 16.2%～26.4%,respectively.Mutant KNP41412 was found to be able to dissolve 57.3% phytate in the optimized medium and the degradation ratio was comparatively stable in seven continuous generations and during the storage process.In conclusion,ion implantation was an effective mutagenic source for isolate KNP414,since it increased the abilities to solubilize phosphate and potassium as well as to degradate phytate.Meanwhile the screening method used in this study has been proved to be successful for rapid selection of phytate-degradation mutants.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 426-431. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0426
DNA of aborted and normal buds in Radish male sterility BT-18 was extracted,and the mRNA difference of the aborted and normal bud was studied by DD-PCR.DNA of aborted bud showed regular ladder,while normal bud showed a strip only,this result provided biochemistry evidence on which cell programmed death occurred in aborted bud of Radish;107 sequences were gained by DD-PCR,in which 94 sequences were from aborted bud,13 sequences were from normal bud.Result of BLAST showed 50% homologous different sequences in function protein were from chloroplast,so it is suggested that aborted bud of Radish had close relations with chloroplast;Maturase K in chloroplast was amplified thrice in different primer combinations,it was found that sequences of 282bp and 283bp in length were the same,but sequence of 396bp differed from sequences of 282bp and 283bp in length,so it is suggested that the two sequences coded different subunit of maturase K.Maturase K is concerned with cutting intron of RNA transcription Ⅱ in chloroplast and modulates expression of gene through influencing introns cut,so we suggested increment of maturase K gene expression in chloroplast might change protein synthesis,and induced abnormal development and aborted bud in Radish;DNA methyltransferase might regulate and control development of Radish,and also induced abnormal development and aborted bud of Radish by DNA methylation.If BLASTx score was less than 80 and no significant similarity found,BLASTn will be carried through,the results suggested that PCD might be a physiology and biochemistry phenomenon which existed in aborted bud of Radish,plant senescence and adversity intimidating.
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EFFECTS OF THREE IRRADIATION METHODS ON POLLEN GERMINATION AND POLLEN TUBE GROWTH OF Pinus thunbegiiJ4. 2008, 22(04): 432-434+409+551. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0432
The effect of 30 keV nitrogen ion beams,UV and γ-rays irradiation on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of Pinus thunbergii were investigated.Results showed that the biological effects induced by ion beam implantation were different from those induced by UV and γ-rays irradiation.The dose response curve of ion implantation treatment presented a particular'saddle-like'pattern, and ion implantation also significantly induced pollen tube tip swelling.These results indicated that low energy ion implantation might work in different way compared to UV and γ-rays irradiation.It was suggested that pollen could be served as an excellent model system to study the underlying mechanisms responsible for biological effects of ion beam irradiation at cellular level.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 435-438+419. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0435The fungal elicitors derived from A.niger,S.cerevisiae,Penicillium sp.and B.cinerea were used to induce Polygonum cuspidatum callus product resveratrol.The content of resveratrol was analyzed by HPLC.The results showed that the elicitors from A.niger had the highest inducing efficiency in the four fungal elicitors.On the 14~(th) day of P.cuspidatum callus was inoculated,elicitor(100mg/L) from A.niger was added into the medium,after 6 days of the introduction of elicitor from A.niger the content of resveratrol in P.cuspidatum callus was 2.25 times higher than that in CK.The elicitor from A.niger has an obvious effect on the synthesize of resveratrol in P.cuspidatum callus.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 439-442+518. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0439Hanghui No.7 was selected from rice Texianzhan 13,which was carried into space with retrieved satellite for 15 days.Hanghui No.7 was a new restorer line with good agronomic and economic characters,strong restoring ability,and so on. It was exhibited a series stronger restoring ablity.when hybrided to photoperiod-temperature sensitive mucleic male sterility lines and cytoplasmic male sterile lines of three-line,and the hybrid combinations appeared powerful competition heterosis of F_1 hybrid compared with the control Peizashuang 7.A new hybrid combination Peizahang 7(Peiai 64S×Hanghui No.7) was examined and released by Guangdong Provincial Committee of Crops Variety Examination in 2005.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 443-446. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0443Some induced waxy gene lines such as Nanhui 175wxR,Xianghui 288wxR,Minghui 86wxR,Shuhui 527wxR,Minghui 63wxR,II-32wxB,Longtepu wxB and D62wxB,which developed through irradiation induction of the parents of hybrid rice in indica,were selected as the materials,and the properties of endosperm of their inbred descendant brown rice were identified by visual estimation and by the method of 1% KI-I_2 determination.It was the first time to discover the reversion of induced waxy mutants(waxy endosperm reversed to non-waxy ones) in rice,and the reversion frequency was between 0 to 6.34×10~(-5),with a average of 3.74×10~(-5). Genetic analysis indicated that induced waxy mutants reversion gene was dominant.Except for 1000-grain weight,no significant difference in other traits was found among the induced waxy mutants,the waxy mutants reversion and the wilds.A new core seed production and seed purity control techniques of the parents of waxy hybrid rice was also put forward in this paper.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 447-450+468. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0447The effects of explant,culture approach of both anther and shoot tip on strawberry virus elimination was studied.Three strawberry viruses,strawberry mottle virus(SMoV),strawberry mild-yellow edge virus(SMYEV)and strawberry vein-band virus(SVBV)were detected with multiplex RT-PCR technique.The results showed that the elimination rates of three viruses were 100% by anther culture.The size of shoot tip influenced affected the efficiency of viruses elimination:no virus was found from explant of 0.2mm size tip.The SMoV and SVBV could be eliminated effectively in 0.5mm shoot tip,however SMYEV was difficult to eliminate.The shoot forming rate of 0.2mm shoot tip was lower than that of 0.5mm shoot tip.Considering the rate of virus elimination and the rate of regeneration of plantlets,it was feasible to eliminat strawberry viruses using anther as explant for genotype with high regeneration ability of an ther such as Benihope,and using shoot tip as explant suitable for genotype as Toyonoka,which has low regeneration ability of anther.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 451-454. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0451Based on the principle of biostatistics,the literatures of low-energy ion beam induced organism aberrance were analysed.Firstly,the processes of data analysis in the selected articles were analysed in the view of biostatistics,and the deficiencies were pointed out,such as too small treated colony,deficiency with repication design in the experiment,faulty in variance analysis and deficiency with offspring study and so on.The suggestion for future research in this field were also listed in the paper.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 455-460+425. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0455Recent progress in the genetic diversity of the nutrient compositions and the improvement of nutritional quality of rice were summarized in this paper.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 461-463+494. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0461Effect of irradiation on contents of protein and amino acids in three meat flavors was studied.Results shown that the content of proteins in pig-meat flavor and chick-meat flavor were significant decreased under irradiation treatment(0、2、4、6、8 and 10kGy),but no significant dose effect was observed.The content of protein in cattle-meat flavor,and the content of amino acid in three meat flavors were not affected by irradiation.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 464-468. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0464Acidified milk drinks(AMD) with pectin as stabilizer were stored for 6 months at 25℃,35℃,45℃ and 55℃,respectively.Various physicochemical changes and sensory quality were studied.The results showed that the centrifugal sedimentation rate and particle size increased,and viscosity decreased during storage.Moreover,the trends accelerated with the raising of temperature. However,there was no change of pH value during storage.Further,the centrifugal sedimentation rate,viscosity and particle size significantly correlated with sensory quality.The stability prediction model of acidified milk drinks with pectin as stabilizer was built through the analyses of kinetics and thermodynamics.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 469-473. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0469Themicrowave-assisted extraction of optimum conditions and the chemical composition changes of the flavonoids from tartary buckwheat bran were studied by using HPLC-UV and HPLC-ESI-MS~n determination methods.The result showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: microwave irradiation time was 15min;the concentration of ethanol was 40%(v/v);the pressure was 400kPa.Under the above conditions,the extraction yield of total flavonoids was 20.6μmol/g,rutin was 11.2μmol/g,quercitrin 5.6μmol/g,epicatechin 3.8μmol/g.The rutin in the extract could be partly decomposed when pressure was over 400kPa, as a result of quercetin increased by the loss of rutinosyl from rutin.With the increase of microwave extraction time,extraction yields of rutin,epicatechin,quercitrin and quercetin were firstly increased and then decreased.The higher the pressure was,the faster the extraction rate and the decomposition rate were,and the shorter the extraction time for obtaining the highest yield was.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 474-477. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0474"Fengwei No.2" melon was bred by using ~(60)Co γ-rays irradiation.The quality of melon fruits was investigated during maturation.The results indicated that the fruit expanded rapidly from the 5th day of pollination,and the fruit fresh weight reached the maximum after 30 days.The content of fruit soluble sugar increased quickly from the 29th day of pollination,and decreased from the 34th day of pollination.Fruit titratable acidity increased with fruit development and the sugar/acid ratio reached the peak after 30-34 days of pollination.Analysis of fruit soluble sugar and organic acid by gas chromatography showed that in the fruit of "Fengwei No.2" melon fructose,glucose and sucrose were the main soluble sugars,while malic acid and citric acid were organic acids in the fruit,and citric acid was the main organic acid.GC-MS anaysis showed that there were mainly 35 aroma compounds,among which esters took 35.24%,acids 19.21%,alcohols 14.28% and aldehydes 11.71%.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 478-482. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0478On the basis of status analysis of national and international irradiated food standards,the paper discussed the main problems of current standards,proposed the basic framework of irradiated food standard system,also offered suggestions and measures for future development.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 483-487+509. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0483Resistant starch(RS) is defined as the sum of starch and its degradation products not absorbed in the small intestine of healthy individuals.RS3 is the major resistant starch in diet,and its formation affected by other characters such as starch,protein,fat,processing manners and other factors.The factors influencing the formation of RS was reviewed briefly in current paper,that might provide references for enhancing RS content by breeding approaches and processing methods.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 488-494. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0488Complex combinations of new herbicide ZJ0273 [propyl 4-(2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzylamino)benzoate] and ALA(5-aminolevulinic acid) were used to investigate their combined effects in relation to seedling growth and development of oilseed rape(Brassica napus cv.ZS 758).It was found that ZJ0273 stress imposed negative effects on rape seedling growth.Net photosynthetic rates(Pn) were inhibited significantly under ZJ0273 stress and the rate of decline was consistently increased with the increase of ZJ0273 concentration.Chlorophyll contents were also inhibited significantly under ZJ0273 stress conditions and the higher concentration of the herbicide ZJ0273,the lower the chlorophyll content.Herbicide ZJ0273 treatment produced a gradual decrease in activities of antioxidant enzymes peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase(APX) and increase in accumulation of peroxidation substance malondialdehyde(MDA).The increase and decrease were consistent with the ZJ0273 dosages.Our results indicated that pre-and post-treatment with lower dosage of ALA(10-100mg/L) improved the rape seedling growth and net Pn rate while the higher concentration of ALA(500mg/L) depressed the growth.It was also found that the plant treated by 100 mg/L ALA produced the highest net Pn rate and chlorophyll content when the plants were treated with different concentrations of ZJ0273. Lower dosages of ALA improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes whereas the highest dosage of ALA increased the accumulation of MDA.These results indicate that ALA improves rape seedling tolerance to herbicide stress.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 495-498. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0495In this study,isotope tracer technique was used to study the accumulation and transfer of( ~(95)Zr) in a simulated wheat/soil system.The results showed that( ~(95)Zr) was mainly accumulated in straw,husk and root.The concentration of( ~(95)Zr) in food stuff-kernel was relatively lower,which was only slightly higher than the level of background activity.( ~(95)Zr) in soil mainly deposited in surface layer soil(0～6cm)(97%).The dynamics of( ~(95)Zr) concentration in wheat and soil was also confirmed by application of nonlinear regression method.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 499-502. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0499Phaeodactylum tricornutum is one of the harmful red tide algae.The experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen,phosphorus concentration and the algae-inhibiting effect of Laminaria japonica on the multiplication of P.tricornutum.The results demonstrated that N/P concentration and proportion of nutrition had significant effect on the multipilication of P.tricornutum.N 12.35mg/L and P 1mg/L were most suitable for P.tricornutum growth,and the growth was significantly inhibited by L.japonica with an inhibition rate of 78.8%.During 7d incubation,obvious inhibition of P.tricornutum growth was found when it was incubated in filtrate derived from L.japonica culture.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 503-509. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0503Three wheat cultivars(Triticum aestivum L.) with different vernalization development characteristics were used to investigate the effects of accumulated temperature before wintering on spike differentiation by vernalization treatments and sowing dates experiment,and the effects were expressed by thermal time.The results showed that accumulated temperature before wintering mainly affected single ridge stage and double ridges stage of spike differentiation.The influence of accumulated temperature before wintering on spike differentiation was getting smaller after glume differentiation stage.With decrease of accumulated temperature before wintering,accumulated growing degree days(GDD) in each stage of spike differentiation reduced.Effects of accumulated temperature before wintering on accumulate GDD of spike differentiation varied with vernalization development types of wheat cultivars.Accumulated GDD of winter-spring cultivar is more sensitive to accumulated temperature before wintering than spring cultivar,and accumulated GDD of winter cultivar were most sensitive.Suitable upper limits of temperature in early stages of spike differentiation for spring cultivar and winter-spring cultivars were 14℃ and 12℃,respectively.If accumulated GDD below 14℃ reached 232～243,the differentiation of spikelet primordia of spring cultivar would initiate,and accumulated GDD of 261～277 below 12℃ was essential for initiation of differentiation of spikelet primordia of winter-spring cultivar.It concludes that the differentiation of spikelet primordia requires relatively stable accumulated GDD in specific temperature range in the fields and the requirement for temperature varies with vernalization characteristics of cultivars.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 510-513. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0510Aging is an ubiquitous phenomema of crop seeds.It caused decline of seed vigor in many aspects.Seeds of maize inbred line Chang 7-2 and hybrid varieties Zhengdan 958 and Nongda 108 were used to analyze the changes of physioloyical characteristics and seed's vigor of maize by using artificial aging.The results showed that germination potential,germination ratio,germination index and vigor index declined along with seeds aging time.Activity of POD,which was positively correlated with virous vigor indexes of maize seeds,was also declined with aging time.The correlation between the POD activity of Chang 7-2 and various vigor indexes,the correlation between the POD of Zhengdan 958 and vagor index were significant.But the relative conductance rate and malonyldialdehyed(MDA) content increased with aging time and was negatively correlated with various vigor indexes of maize seeds.Among those,the correlation between the relative conductance of Chang 7-2 and Nongda 108 with various vigor indexes was most significant.The correlation targets between conductance rate of Zhengdan 958 with vigor index,MDA content with various vigor were significant too.The decline trends of germination rate and vigor index were slow at beginning and then quicken along with aging time.The ability of aging resisance of Chang 7-2 and Zhengdan 958 were stronger than that of Nongda 108.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 514-518. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0514Effects of shading treatment on the fresh weight of the tuber and on the relation between the endogenous hormone and the tuber growing were studied.The results showed that compared with the same growth period of control,the fresh weight,endogenous GA_3,IAA and ZR contents of shading treatment were higher,ABA and JA contents were lower than that of control.The ratio of growth promoting hormones GA_3,IAA and ZR and growth inhibitor's ratio of ABA and JA(GA_3/ABA,IAA/ABA, ZR/ABA,GA_3/JA,IAA/JA and ZR/JA) were higher than that of control.It indicated that shading treatment promoted the synthesis of GA_3,IAA and ZR,but inhibited the synthesis of ABA and JA,thus promoted the growth of tuber.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 519-523. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0519Photosynthate for seeds development in soybean pods at different pod-filling stage was studied by electron microscope autoradiography,liquid scintillation counter and physiological indexes measuring.The results showed that the transportation of photosynthate from pods and leaves to seeds was throughout all pod-filling stages,while the transportation of( ~(14)C-) labeled photo-assimilates was largest from pods and leaves in middle pod-filling period,and the content of chlorophyll and carbohydrate were also the largest from pods in middle pod-filling period.The transportation of ~(14)C-labeled photo-assimilates from pods was about 35.6% of that from leaves.At later pod-filing period the transportation of ~(14)C-labeled photo-assimilates from pods and leaves decreased,but the decline rate was bigger from leaves than from pods and the transportation of ~(14)C-labeled photo-assimilates from pods was taking about 59.6% of that from leaves.It indicated that the seeds assimilates were compensated by soybean pods′ photosynthate when their leaves photosynthetic capacity decreased at later pod-filling period.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 524-528. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0524The effects of NO donor sodium nitroprusside(SNP) on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Dendrobium huoshanense under intensive light stress were studied.The result showed that the photo inhibition on leaves of Dendrobium huoshanense were significantly alleviated by presoaking with 0.1mmol/L SNP,which caused less decrease of the chlorophyll parameters Fv/Fm、Φ_(psⅡ)、qL、NPQ and Φ_(NPQ).And the parameter Φ_(NO) was also relatively low,which indicated that the inhibition and damage to PSⅡ reaction center under intensive light was alleviated.The recovery of PSⅡ reaction center was fast.On contrary,the leaves presoaked in 0.5mmol/L SNP were severely inhibited by the intensive light,of which the parameters Fv/Fm、Φ_(psⅡ)、qL、NPQ and Φ_(NPQ) decreased significantly, and the Φ_(NO) was rather high,the recovery was slow,all of these showed the severe inhibition and damage to PSⅡ reaction center.In a word,the leaves presoaked in 0.5mmol/L SNP were severely inhibited photo inhibition under an intensive light,while presoaked in 0.1mmol/L SNP could alleviate the photo inhibition on the leaves of Dendrobium huoshanense significantly.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 529-532. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0529Effects of active immunization with new GnRH-liked vaccine on reproduction performance of rabbit were studied.Twelve male rabbits were randomly assigned to two groups of six animals each.One group was immunized at age of 3 months and had a booster immunization 4 weeks later.Another group was served as untreated control.Testosterone level,body weight and sexual behaviour were investigated in one week interval.All animals were slaughtered at 9 weeks after first immunization.The size of the testes,histological analysis of the testes and sperm quality were compared to the control after slaughtered.The results demonstrated that the testosterone level of immunized group was decreased from 82.74±16.03ng/ml to 59.24±16.18ng/ml.The immunization extremely resulted in testicular atrophy,decrease of the sperm quality and obvious pathological changes in testes histology.The growth of immunized rabbits was similar to untreated ones.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 533-538+498. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0533The changes in sperm ultrastructure of male Xylotechus rusticus irradiated by γ-rays on larval,pupal and imaginal stage had been studied.The sperm of male Xylotechus rusticus composed of head and tail.The head with no acrosome,which is completely filled with homogeneous compact chromatin comprises nucleus.The tail consists of an axoneme with the 9+9+2 microtubule,as well as a pair of mitochondrial derivatives of nearly equal cross sectional size.Sperms in male spermary from irradiated samples have conglutination of two or more sperms when the insects were treated at the stage of adult,larvae and pupae.At the applied dose of 80Gy to adult and larvae,the conglutination of two sperms is predominant in irradiated sperm bundles and the level of irradiation damage is observed identically.However,the irradiation damage was slightly higher than that of imaginal and larval stage when the same dosage was applied to pupae,which shows that the conglutination of much more sperms is predominant in sperms bundle,the scattered arrangement of organelles in spermary,and changes of morphology in accessory bodies and mitochondrial derivatives are also occurred.The male sperms(120Gy) swelled up clearly and nuclear diameter is 10 times of natural sperms,the conglutination of much more sperms is abundant and changes of arrangement of organelles in spermary is also occurred.The degree of irradiation damage at dose of 120Gy is obviously serious than that of 80Gy.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 539-543. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0539The effects of γ-rays irradiation on the mating ability and flight capability of male cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera were studied in laboratory and field cages.The results showed that when the irradiation dose increased from 0Gy to 400Gy,the flight capability decreased: flight distance decreased from 69.65km to 38.30km;average flight distance decreased from 44.19km to 13.55km.The longevity of the irradiated males was significantly shorter than that of the wilds but there was no significant difference according to different doses. Egg hatchability was affected significantly by irradiation but there was no significant difference in eggs laid per female,fecundation eggs as increasing treated doses.When the ratio of sterilized males(treated dose 200Gy) to fertile males was as 5:1 in field cages,the F1 hatchability was significantly decreased and the purpose of controlling cotton bollworm population could be effectively achieved.
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J4. 2008, 22(04): 544-549. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.04.0544Stable nuclide tracer is a new method in modern agricultural research,and it also plays a very important role in the research of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen cycling.In this paper,the concept related to ~(15)N application were introduced and interpreted,and the studies on N fertilizer research,N cycling and agricultural environment protection since 1980 were reviewed in detail.The problems,those ~(15)N technique has been resolved and will be resolved,were presented.
