10 April 2023, Volume 37 Issue 4
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 661-671. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0661
To explore the molecular mechanism and utilization potentiality of the yellow green leaf gene gy157S （t） on regulating rice leaf color. Phenotypic identification， genetic analysis， gene mapping and candidate gene analysis of the rice yellow-green leaf photo-thermo-sensitive male sterile line gy157S at different temperatures were carried out. The results suggested that gy157S displayed yellow-green leaves and pale green leaves when grown at 20 ℃ and 30 ℃， respectively， with significantly decreased photosynthetic pigment when compared with that of the control C815S， and defective chloroplasts. Genetic analysis showed that the yellow-green leaf phenotype of gy157S was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. BSA analysis and linkage analysis showed that the gene was located between RM15678 and RM15824 on chromosome 3， with a physical distance of 2.4 Mb. Functional analysis， sequencing and qRT-PCR results of candidate genes showed that there was a SNP mutation in exon 7 of OSR498G030681550001 encoding ferredoxin OsFdC2 in gy157S， resulting in the change of amino acid， which may be responsible for the yellow green leaf phenotype. These results lay a foundation for elucidating the molecular regulation mechanism of gy157S （t） gene on chloroplast development and chlorophyll synthesis.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 672-679. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0672
Photoperiod is one of the main pathways regulating plant flowering， and GI is a key factor controlling circadian rhythm and flowering in the photoperiod pathway. To explore the expression pattern and protein interaction of the BdGI gene in Brachypodiam distachyon， quantitative real-time PCR（qRT-PCR） was used to analyze the expression of the BdGI gene under different light conditions and different growth stages at long sunshine. The interacting protein BdZTL was initially screened by yeast two-hybrid analysis and verified by BiFC and co-immunoprecipitation. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of the BdGI gene was different in different growth and development stages under different light and long sunshine but maintained a certain circadian rhythm， and was regulated by photoperiod. The interaction between GI and ZTL proteins detected by yeast two-hybrid was vertified by fluorescence complementation and immunoprecipitation. In conclusion， these studies indicate that the expression of BdGI is regulated by photoperiod and has a circadian rhythm， it plays a certain regulatory role in the photoperiod-induced flowering of Brachypodium distachyon， which lays a foundation for further study on the function of this gene.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 680-689. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0680
Circular RNAs （circRNAs） are unique type of noncoding RNAs， it has closely circled by 3' and 5' end covalent ligase through reverse alternative splicing （AS）. The circRNA plays an important role in responses to environmental stress influencing plant growth and development. In this study， we constructed a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory pathway， and explored the regulatory role of circRNA in response to stress in bamboo. After analyzing the transcriptome data of Phyllostachys edulis， a circRNA （PhcircRNA1） differentially expressed under both UV stress and high temperature stress （42 ℃）was screened and identified，and its regulated miRNA and target genes were analyzed by bioinformatic method. Stability of its transcription was analyzed by Ribonuclease R （RNase R） and the expression pattern of PhcircRNA1， target miRNA （Ph-miR156） and target mRNA was validated by quantitative real time PCR （qRT-PCR）. Furtherly， one of target gene， GLR3.1 （Glutamate Receptor–Like Gene 3.1） was selected as the research interest， and the regulation trend of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA expression in root tip with the length of more than 1 cm of Moso bamboo hydroponic seedlings were investigated. The results indicated that under UV stress and high temperature， the expression of PhcircRNA1 and target mRNA decreased significantly， while the expression of miRNA increased. However， the expression pattern of PhcircRNA1 and GLR3.1 in root tips were the same， which was inverse to that of Ph-miR156. These findings provide hints that PhcircRNA1 may participate in response to abiotic stress in
moso bamboo through the competitive endogenous RNA （ceRNA） mechanism and play a crucial role in the growth and development of moso bamboo. This study laid a foundation for further research on the function of PhcircRNA1. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 690-698. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0690
Peanut is an important oil and cash crop widely distributed in China. Low temperature stress is a key obstacle that severely restricts its production development in high latitude or altitude producing areas. The damage is the most prevalent and serious in seed germination stage. Therefore， it is of great significance to deeply study the genetic characteristics of cold tolerance in seed germination stage of peanut. In this study， two Recombinant Inbred Line （RIL） populations were constructed by crossing varieties with strong cold tolerance and varieties with weak cold tolerance ［HY44×DF12 （HD-RIL） and YZ9102×XZ68-4 （YX-RIL）］. The genetic characteristics of the relative germination rate in two RIL populations under low temperature stress were analyzed by using the major gene plus additive polygene mixed genetic model. The results showed that under E1（Ledong， Hainan in 2020）， the cold tolerance traits in the two RIL populations were controlled by three major genes plus additive polygenes with additive-epistatic effect， with the heritability of major genes accounting for 86.72% （HD-RIL） and 91.46% （YX-RIL）. Under E2（Fenyang， Shanxi in 2021）， the cold tolerance was controlled by two major genes plus polygenes with dominant-epistatic effect. The heritability of major genes was 74.35% and 79.56%. The cold tolerance traits for HD-RIL population under E3（Nanbin， Hainan in 2021） and YX-RIL population under E4（Fenyang， Shanxi in 2020） were controlled by two major genes plus additive polygenes with accumulative effect. The heritability of major genes was 64.20% and 59.05%， respectively. The results of this study will provide an important theoretical basis for further research on the molecular mechanism of cold tolerance in seed germination period and improve the efficiency in cold tolerance molecular breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 699-706. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0699
To grasp the prevalence of three bloodborne parasites in Gannan yaks， a multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Toxoplasma gondii， Theileria annulare and Neospora caninum in Gannan yaks was established. In this study， three pairs of specific primers were designed using Toxoplasma gondii hypothetical protein gene， Tams1 gene of T. gondii and Nc-p43 gene of Neospora as the targets. Through optimizing the multiplex PCR reaction conditions， a multiplex PCR method detecting the three blood protozoa was established， and 629 yak sera from Gannan were tested for epidemiological analysis. The results showed that the established multiplex PCR method for detecting the three blood protozoa in yaks was high specificity， high sensitivity and good reproducibility， and the minimum concentrations of DNA for detecting Toxoplasma gondii， Theileria annulare and Neospora caninum were 0.01， 0.02 and 0.01 ng·μL-1， respectively. The epidemiological investigation results showed that the positive rates were 4.29%， 3.66%， and 5.88% for Toxoplasma gondii， Taylormycetes annulare and Neospora caninum respectively. Meantime， there were mixed infections among the three bloodborne parasites， and the overall mixed infection rate was 13.68%； Seasonal epidemiological analysis showed that the single infection rate of all three protozoa was the highest in winter and lowest in spring （P>0.05）， and the overall infection rate was highest in winter and lowest in summer （P>0.05）. According to different age analysis， the overall infection rate of the three protozoa in yaks of 0-3 years was 27.83%， and the overall infection rate for yaks older than 3 years was 27.46% （P>0.05）. Analysis of risk factors revealed that neither season nor age was the risk factor for infection with the 3 protozoa in yaks （P>0.05）. In this study， a multiplex PCR detection method was successfully established， which can be used for the differential detection and epidemiological investigation of Toxoplasma gondii， Theileria annulare and Neospora caninum in yaks， and the detected prevalence of three blood protozoa in yaks in Gannan region can provide important data support for the prevention of this disease.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 707-719. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0707
With global warming， drought stress has become one of the important factors restricting the safe production of tomato and other vegetable crops. The use of rootstocks from wild resources is a low-cost and efficient way to improve plant disease resistance and stress resistance. Previous studies have found that grafting GZ-01 rootstock， a native semi-wild tomato in Guizhou， can improve the drought tolerance of plants. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of GZ-01 on enhancing drought tolerance of wild tomato plants， the response of grafted tomato and self-grafted tomato plants to drought stress was compared by using semi-wild tomato rootstock GZ-01 and red fruit tomato as experimental materials， combined with morphophysiology and molecular biology. The results showed that under drought stress， when compared with the R/R of self-grafted plants， the damage of cell membranes of GZ-01/R grafted plants was significantly reduced， the antioxidant capacity， dry matter accumulation， CO2 assimilation rate and water utilization efficiency of plants were significantly improved， the water loss rate of ex vivo leaves was significantly reduced， the lower stomatal closure ratio was significantly increased， and the expression of ABA synthesis-related genes and ABA content were significantly increased. Grafted plant GZ-01/R may affect the opening and closing of stomata， regulate leaf water loss， and improve plant water utilization by regulating the synthesis of ABA， thereby affect the response of plants to drought stress. This study lays a foundation for the development and utilization of native semi-wild tomato resources in Guizhou， and provides theoretical support for enhancing drought stress and studying molecular regulatory network pathways of stress resistance.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 720-729. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0720
Rapeseed is an important oil crop in China. Chinese cabbage-type rapeseed is widely planted in the spring rapeseed areas with high-altitude and high-latitude in China， showed low yield， poor quality and obstacle breeding. Breeding alternative spring oilseed Brassica napus L. with ultra-early mature， high-yield and high-quality is the most important breeding goal in spring oilseed area. In this study， SLAF-seq sequencing was performed on restorer lines and sterile lines of ultra-early mature spring oilseed Brassica napus L.， and the relationship between genetic groups was analyzed. In each category， combinations were created with selected restorer lines and sterile line， and the hybrid performance， heterosis and heterosis patterns were analyzed. The results showed that 98 Brassica napus L. were divided into five categories， among which the sterile lines were clustered in the fourth category， the genetic distance between the restorer lines and the sterile lines ranged from 0.01 to 0.52， with the average genetic distance of 0.35. The genetic distance between the restorer line of the five groups and the sterile line was the largest， ranging from 0.45 to 0.52. Among the 20 combinations with top plot yield， 10 combinations derived from sterile line and the restorer line of the fifth category， among which， the combination with the highest yield is （64-1） × 16D3 （category 5）. Combining the hybrids performance and heterosis， it is shown that the hybrid combination of extra early maturing sterile line × fifth type restorer line has great potential to produce elite hybrids in the offspring. This study not only provides a molecular basis for parental selection for the subsequent breeding of ultra-early mature spring oilseed Brassica napus L. hybrids， but also promotes the process of ultra-early mature hybrid breeding in spring oilseed areas.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 730-739. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0730
Hemerocallis is a traditional garden plant in China， which has high economic value because it can be used as both food and medicine. Although the natural distribution of Hemerocallis is the largest in china， the related research lags behind foreign countries. At present， the horticultural varieties used in China mainly rely on foreign imports， and hortiaultural varieties with our own intellectual property rights are relatively few.In this paper， the germplasm resources of domestic Hemerocallis were introduced in detail， and the breeding achievements of new Hemerocallis varieties at home and abroad were summarized from the perspectives of different breeding objectives， such as flower shape， flower aroma， flower color， flowering period， cold resistance， disease resistance， etc. The breeding achievements of new Hemerocallis varieties at flowering time and cold resistance at home were highlighted. At the same time， the new breeding technology was summarized， and the problems and prospects in the domestic Hemerocallis breeding were discussed， which aimed to provide reference for the breeding new varieties of Hemerocallis.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 740-748. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0740
Silk has important economic and cultural value. In order to explore the effects of silkworm varieties on the accuracy of origin traceability for silk， this study investigated the effect of varieties of silkworm on the isotopic ratios of δ13C， δ15N， δ2H and δ18O as well as the changes of δ13C， δ15N， δ2H and δ18O during the growth of silkworm from larva to silk production. The results showed that the variation trends of δ13C， δ15N， δ2H and δ18O in silkworm body at different instars were different. In silkworm excrement， the ratios of δ13C， δ15N， δ2H and δ18O changed at ranges like those in silkworm body. Stable isotopic composition of silkworm body and silkworm excrement was not different significantly among varieties except few instars under the same feeding conditions， and there was linear correlation between the isotopic ratios of δ13C， δ15N and δ2H in body and excrement. In silkworm cocoon， silkworm varieties may cause large changes in single stable isotopes. The ratios of δ13C and δ18O had no significantly different among varieties， while the ratios of δ15N and δ2H had different significantly among varieties. However， the stable isotope ratios of cocoons affected by the varieties of silkworm may be far less than those affected by the origins. Thus， stable isotope technology can be applied to the origin traceability of different varieties of silkworm cocoons. The results could provide theoretical basis for the follow-up traceability of the origin of silk.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 749-757. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0749
In order to obtain the antifreeze peptide with higher activity and improve the utilization rate of by-products from aquatic processing， the enzymatic hydrolysis of squid skin collagen was optimized according to the hydrolysis degree （DH） and cryoprotective effect on catalase， then the hydrolysates were purified and identified. The optimal condition of enzymatic hydrolysis was as follows： Alkaline protease was used to hydrolyze for 2 h at 50 ℃ and pH 8 with substrate concentration of 4% and enzyme dosage of 4 000 U·g-1， papain was used to hydrolyze subsequently for 3 h at 45 ℃ and pH 6 after inactivation. Under this condition， the molecular weight of the hydrolysates was mainly distribution in 1 000～5 000 Da. The fraction F2 with high antifreeze activity was obtained by G-25 gel filtration chromatography， and its major amino acid sequence was tentatively identified as Gly-Pro-Try-Pro-Ala-Ala-Asn-Ser-Pro-Glu or Glu-Pro-Ser-Asn-Ala-Ala-Pro-Try-Pro-Gly. This study provides a theoretical basis for the intensive processing of squid skin and the development of new antifreeze agents.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 758-768. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0758
In order to reveal the drying condition-dynamic migration law of moisture state and content-product quality relationship of Chinese dried noodles （CDN） generated with the Yongliang 4 wheat， series of experiments with different drying temperature （30 ℃， 40 ℃） and relative humidity （65%， 75%， 85%） were designed. Food moisture analysis system was used to monitor the dynamic change of moisture state and content during the drying process of CDN. The shrinkage ratio and bending resistance characteristics of CDN were determined. The results showed that water in noodles during drying process can be subdivided into three classes： ability tightly bound water weakly bound water and free water， corresponding to transverse relaxation time of proton （T2） termed as 0.03~0.60 ms of T21， 0.96~6.75 ms of T22 and 57.22~354.54 ms of T23. T21 and T22 decreased with the progress of drying and the former reached equilibrium faster than the later. The T23 experienced a decrease-increase-slow decrease tendency. The absolute contents of strongly bounding water （W21）， weakly bound water （W22） in CDN decreased gradually as the drying progressed， while the absolute content of free water （W23） increased first and then decreased. The relative content of strongly bound water （A21） and weakly bounding water （A22） in CDN had opposite trends. The relative content of free water （A23） increased firstly， then decreased， and finally increased slowly. The state and content of strongly bounding water had the greatest influence on the quality of CDN. T21 negatively correlated with shrinkage ratio and bending resistance characteristics of CDN. This study provides reference for understanding the acting mechanism of water migration Kinetics on the product qualities of CDN during the drying process.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 769-780. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0769
In order to explore the influence of different moisture content on the quality characteristics of processed chestnut kernels， raw chestnut kernels with different moisture content were steamed by high-pressure steam. Combined with the texture parameters and the color difference， the moisture migration and distribution law of the processed chestnut kernels were analyzed by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance（LF-NMR） during natural water loss， and the correlation between texture characteristics， color difference and LF-NMR parameters were analyzed to construct the predicted mode by linear regression analysis. The results showed that the hardness， gumminess and chewiness of processed chestnut kernels changed greatly during the natural water loss process. Maillard reaction occured， the color of chestnut kernels became dark gradually， and the brown deepened after high pressure steam treatment， when the moisture content was in the range of 48% to 28%. Chestnut kernel gradually became calcification， chestnut flesh color became white after steaming， when the moisture content was in the range of 28% to 18%. When the water content of chestnut kernel is 48% and 43%， three water components of combined water， immobilized water and free water were observed in processed chestnut kernels during the natural water loss process， the content of combined water showed a trend of increase-decrease， and the content of immobilized water decreased first and then gradually flattened out， and the change of free water content was the most obvious as the extension of the water loss. The edible taste of processed chestnut kernels was gradually poor as the extension of the water loss. There was significant effect of different moisture content on the quality characteristics of processed chestnut kernels. The results can provide a reference for the quality control of chestnut kernels.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 781-792. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0781
To explore the nutritional components of pollen and anther wall of Paeonia ostii Fengdan and maximize its nutritional value， their contents of protein， mineral elements， vitamin C， hydrolyzed amino acids and free amino acids were systematically analyzed and evaluated by the Kjeldahl method， inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry （ICP-OES）， high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and amino acids analyzer. The results indicated that the protein content of Fengdan pollen （stage of S3） reached as high as 40.68%， and the total amount of hydrolyzed amino acids was 355.65 mg·g-1. Although the total amount of protein and hydrolyzed amino acid in anther wall was only half of pollen， the ratios of essential amino acids to total amino acids （EAA/TAA） in pollen and anther wall were both about 40%， indicating that they were sources of high-quality protein. The detection result of 36 free amino acids showed that the content of total free amino acids in anther wall was slightly higher than that in pollen， while the contents of essential amino acids， protein amino acids， umami and sweet amino acids in pollen were higher. Based on the analysis of mineral elements， both pollen and anther wall of Fengdan were rich in major and trace elements， especially K， Mg， Ca， Fe and Zn， indicating that they are good product for developing high K， low Na， Zn and Fe supplements. The determination result of vitamin C showed that pollen and anther wall of Fengdan contained high content of vitamin C and could be consumed as vitamin C supplements. Meanwhile， we investigated the effects of different harvest periods and wall breaking on the nutrient content of pollen and anther wall of Fengdan. The result showed that the best harvest time was the period of early opening， and wall breaking had no significant effect on the content of nutrients in pollen and anther wall. In conclusion， pollen and anther wall of Fengdan are rich in nutrients. This study will provide basis for the development and utilization of its resources.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 793-802. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0793
In order to identify the main odors in the high-value processing of bovine bone collagen peptide powder and obtain the optimal deodorization process， this study used GC-MS combined with Relative aroma activity value to identify the main odors in the odors peptide powder. The results showed that isobutyric acid， caproic acid， acetic acid， butyric acid， isovaleric acid and valeric acid were the main volatiles of heteroolfactory flavor， which had unpleasant odor. The deodorization of bovine bone collagen peptide powder was realized by ultrasonic-assisted alkaloid-catalyzed esterification of the isooluminescence substance in the peptide powder with ethanol. The deodorization process of bovine bone collagen peptide was optimized by single factor and response surface method. When the reaction time was 28.43 min， the amount of ethanol was 3.19%， and the reaction temperature was 75.41 ℃， the highest score of sensory evaluation was 71.16， which achieved the goal of deodorization. This study provided technical support for the deodorization process and industrial production of bovine bone collagen peptide powder.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 803-810. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0803
To improve the gel properties of squid and silver carp blended surimi products，this study analyzed the effects of mixing ratio of squid and silver carp on the gel properties of surimi products by sensory evaluation， gel strength， water holding capacity， whiteness， water distribution， myofibrillar gel electrophoresis and optical microscope observation. The results showed that the gel properties were the best when the mixing ratio of squid and silver carp was 3∶4.Compared with the ratio of 5∶2， the gel strength and water holding capacity increased by 42.74% and 2.93 percentage points， respectively. The total sensory evaluation and whiteness were significantly higher than those of other ratios （P<0.05）， which were 76.37 and 72.30 respectively. Moreover， the relative content of immobilized water was significantly higher than that of other ratios（P<0.05）. In addition， the structure of surimi gel network was dense and uniform， and the ability to bind water becomes strong at this ratio. As indicated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） at the mixing ratio of 3∶4， the myosin heavy chain （MHC） was highly crosslinked and formed macromolecular aggregates. In conclusion， when the mixing ratio of squid and silver carp was 3∶4， the gel quality of mixed surimi products could be improved obviously. The results can provide a theoretical basis for improving the gel properties and production of squid surimi products.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 811-821. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0811
This research was to deepen our understanding on the variations of storage protein in grains and the processing quality of medium-gluten and weak-gluten wheat under different sowing dates， and provide management practice for the production of medium-gluten and weak-gluten wheat cultivars in Sichuan province. Four common wheat cultivars with different quality parameters were used as materials to conduct field experiments under early（B1）， regular（B2） and late（B3） sowing date at two sites over two growing seasons. The results showed that the content of glutenin and gliadin fractions for medium-gluten and weak-gluten wheat cultivars increased with the delay of sowing date at Chongzhou， whereas decreased at first and then increased at Renshou. The proportion of storage protein fractions greatly varied among different cultivars. The contents of crude protein， wet gluten and sedimentation value were higher on early and late sowing date than that on regular sowing date. The formation time， stability time and powder quality index were higher on late sowing date than that on early and regular sowing date. The softness significantly decreased with the delay of sowing date at Chongzhou， but decreased at first and then increased at Renshou. The correlation analysis manifested that processing quality traits were closely related to the contents of glutenin macropolymer （GMP）， high molecular weight glutenin subunit （HMW-GS） and total glutenin（Glu）. The principal component analysis indicated that the main changes information of protein fractions could be summarized by the contents of HMW-GS， ω-gliadin（ω） and total gliadin（Gli）， high/low molecular weight glutenin subunit ratio （H/L） and （α/β?-gliadin）/Gli［（α/β）/Gli］， meanwhile， sedimentation value， stability time， powder quality index， formation time and wet gluten content could be used as the main quality characters for processing quality evaluation. In summary， it was suggested that appropriately delaying sowing date was suitable for medium-gluten wheat， and the early sowing date was suitable for weak-gluten wheat in Sichuan province， which was responsible for favorable light and temperature environment， and accumulation of storage protein was optimized， thereby improving processing quality. This study provided theoretical basis and technical guidance for improving the quality and efficiency of medium-gluten and weak-gluten wheat cultivars in Sichuan province.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 822-832. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0822
This study was aimed to investigate effects of cropping systems and nitrogen rates on the yield and agronomic characteristics of sweet corn （Zea mays L. var. Rugosa Bonaf.） and soybean ［Glycine max （L.） Merr.］. The five-year （2017—2021） field experiments were conducted in the Agricultural Science and Technology Park of Jiangxi Agricultural University， which was set up for three nitrogen rates （N0， 0 kg·hm-2； N1， 150 kg·hm-2； N2， 300 kg·hm-2， respectively） and three cropping systems （MC， mono crop of sweet corn； MS， mono crop of soybean； CS， sweet corn intercropped soybean） to measure crop yield and agronomic traits of sweet corn and soybean at their harvest stage. The results showed that compared with N0， nitrogen application （N1 and N2） significantly increased sweet corn yield， but there was no significant difference between N1 and N2. With the same nitrogen rate， compared with MC， the sweet corn fresh ear yield under CS had no significant difference in 5 years. In the intercropped system， the sweet corn fresh ear yield under N0 in 2020 and 2021 was significantly lower than that in 2017. Nitrogen application didn’t significantly affect soybean fresh pod yield in the intercropped system in 5 years. Nitrogen application significantly improved height， stem diameter and ear height of sweet corn. Compared with N2， N1 application significantly reduced the stem diameters of monocropped sweet corn and the ear height of intercropped sweet corn in 2017 and 2020， respectively. The correlation analysis of 5-year showed that the fresh ear yield of sweet corn under the intercropped had a higher correlation with plant height， and the fresh ear yield under the monocropped had a higher correlation with stem diameter. Soybean fresh pod yield was mainly positively correlated with the total number of pods， the number of multiple pods and the number of single pods per plant. In a conclusion， nitrogen application could significantly improve the fresh ear yield and agronomic characteristics of sweet corn in the intercropped system. Excessive application of nitrogen （300 kg·hm-2） did not significantly increase the fresh ear yield of sweet corn and fresh pods yield of soybean. From the perspective of cost saving and protection of farmland environment， the sweet corn-soybean intercropping system with 150 kg·hm-2 nitrogen is conducive to the sustainable development of planting sweet corn and soybean. The results from this research provide a theoretical reference for the further optimizing sweet corn-soybean intercropping systems.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 833-843. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0833
This study aims to clarity the photosynthetic matter production of mechanical transplanting high-quality late rice and their responses to nitrogen fertilizer. Four high quality late rice varieties （Taiyou398， Huanghuazhan， Tianyouhuazhan and Meixiangxinzhan） were used and four nitrogen treatments of 0（N0）， 135（N1）， 180（N2）， and 255（N3） kg·hm-2 were set to study photosynthetic matter under mechanical transplanting. As more nitrogen was gradually applied， yield of high-quality late rice firstly increased and then decreased with the peak value at N2 level. Besides yield， LAI， photosynthetic potential and population growth rate at jointing stage， leaf area attenuation after full heading stage， dry matter accumulation from sowing to jointing and from jointing to full heading increased， while LAI at full heading stage and maturity stage， photosynthetic potential population， growth rate and dry matter accumulation from full heading to maturity decreased before increasing with the highest values at N2 level， and the corresponding indexes at N2 level with four rice varieties were 46.5%~115.7%， 78.8%~200.0%， 79.8%~143.9%， 26.2%~79.1% and 34.1%~98.5% higher than N0， respectively. The dry weight of single stem and each organ at full heading stage and maturity stage among different nitrogen treatments showed the trend of N2， N3 > N1 > N0 with no significant differences between N2 and N3， for most indexes and the dry weight of single stem at the N2 level at full heading stage and maturity stage were 5.8%~31.9% and 6.8%~45.7% higher than N0， respectively. After full heading， exportation， exportation rate and transformation rate of the stem and sheath decreased first and then started to increase with the increase of nitrogen， which reached minimum at the N2 level， and exportation， exportation rate and transformation rate of leaf showed a decrease trend in general. At 180 kg·hm-2 nitrogen level， high quality late indica rice had strong photosynthetic matter production capacity and high dry matter accumulation from full heading to maturity and reduced the dependence of grains filling on the storage substances in stem and sheath before full heading， which was beneficial for optimizing population quality in later stage.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 844-853. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0844
This study was to explore the application effect of bacterial fertilizer prepared by inoculating Serratia marcescensN1.14 X-45 and solid-state fermentation of different carrier matrices， at the same time， select the treatment that can effectively replace peat carrier to play a fertilizer effect. Seven treatments were set as unfertilized （CK）， peat （T0）， straw （T1）， wheat bran （T2）， straw∶wheat bran =1∶1 （T3）， straw∶wheat bran∶cottonseed shell =1∶1∶1(T4) and straw∶wheat bran∶soybean cake =1∶1∶1 (T5). A pot experiment was conducted to determine the photosynthetic characteristics parameters and soil nutrient content of Robinia pseudoacacia L. under different bacterial fertilizers and collect rhizosphere soil samples with good effect under bacterial fertilizer treatment for 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that compared with peat, the photosynthetic characteristics and soil nutrient environment of Robinia pseudoacacia were improved by all the carrier treatments except straw. Among them, T3 and T4 had the most significant application effect, and the photosynthetic characteristic parameters and soil nutrient content increased significantly. Based on 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing, the results showed that the application of bacterial fertilizer could significantly improve the structure and composition of soil microbial community, at the same time, increase the relative abundance of Actinomadura and Mesorhizobium. Its abundance was positively correlated with hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus content, and negatively correlated with pH and available potassium content. That is, the increase in the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil promoted the increase in the relative abundance of Actinomadura and Mesorhizobium. This study provides theoretical basis and data support for the development and utilization of microbial fertilizers and the improvement of inefficient forests.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 854-864. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0854
In order to clarify the suitable maturity for one-time plucking of six middle flue-cured tobacco leaves of paddy-tobacco， Yunyan 87 was used as material， and three treatments of low maturity （M1）， medium maturity （M2） and high maturity （M3） were designed to carry out the harvesting and curing experiments of different maturity of middle tobacco leaves in Guiyang tobacco area of Hunan， and the fuzzy evaluation method was used to comprehensively evaluate the test results. The results showed that the SPAD value of fresh tobacco and proportion of greenish tobacco leaves decreased， and the proportion of variegated tobacco increased； tobacco maturity was improved， and leaf structure was loosened； the single leaf weight of tobacco decreased； the contents of total sugar， reducing sugar and starch decreased， the contents of nicotine， potassium and chlorogenic acid increased， and the availability of chemical components increased； tobacco yield and output value decreased， as the harvest maturity of middle tobacco leaves increased. Compared with M1 and M3， the index of appearance quality of M2 treatment was 12.12% and 0.73% higher； the availability index of chemical components was 11.74% and -0.70% higher； total score of smoking quality was 0.53% and 5.42% higher； the economic properties index was 2.62% and 12.54% higher； index of tobacco quality was 3.46% and 3.16% higher； and the comprehensive economic effect index was 2.78% and 7.57% higher. The suitable harvest maturity of Yunyan 87 at one-time plucking of six middle flue-cured tobacco leaves in Guiyang tobacco area of Hunan requires 20%~70% yellowing of blade face， 1/3 white to full white of tobacco midrib and 1/4 white to full white of branch vein. When the SPAD value of fresh tobacco was 22.43~29.69， it provided a reference for guiding the appropriate harvest maturity of middle tobacco leaves of paddy-tobacco of Yunyan 87.The middle tobacco leaves of paddy- tobacco can be harvested at one time to improve quality and benefit.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 865-878. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0865
In order to explore effect of day-and-night temperature difference on volatile aroma synthesis of vitis vinifera during ripening， night temperature was regulated to change the temperature difference between day and night. With Cabernet Sauvignon as experimental materials， four groups of treatments were set up， namely T-2.6 ℃（average night temperature at 17.0 ℃， temperature difference was 15.1 ℃）， T0.5 ℃（average night temperature at 20.1 ℃， temperature difference was 12.0 ℃）， T3.5 ℃（taverage night temperature at 23.1 ℃， temperature difference was 9.0 ℃）and CK（average night temperature at 19.6 ℃， temperaturedifference was 12.5 ℃）. The changes of volatile aroma components and contents in fruit were measured and the bioinformatics analysis of the mechanism of volatile aroma synthesis was carried out. The results indicated that the higher temperature difference between day and night， the higher content of soluble solids， soluble sugar and titratable acid. T-2.6 °C and T0.5 °C increased the floral and fruity aromas in berry， which could increase the content of aromas in the subsequent winemaking process and be beneficial to both dry wine and sparkling pink wine. T3.5 ℃ improved the tobacco aroma in the fruit， and provided three more types of aroma for the subsequent wine brewing， namely the aging aroma. Grapes grown in a less temperature difference are more suitable for long time storage to form aging aromas. A total of 5 111 differentially expressed genes were detected， of which 1 064 differentially expressed genes were detected between T-2.6 ℃ and CK， 830 were detected between T0.5 ℃ and CK treatment， and 3 107 were detected between T3.5 ℃ and CK. A total of 1 252 differentially expressed genes and 119 metabolic pathways were annotated to the KEGG database. As for the metabolic synthesis of aroma， the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in linoleic acid， phenylalanine， lysine metabolism， limonene and pinene degradation pathways. Large diurnal temperature difference increased the transcription levels of ADH， ASP， TAT and PAL related genes， and promoted the up-regulated expression of LOX， HBD， NAAT， AMI， HGO， HPD， 8HGO and ALDH related genes. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for winemakers in different wine grape producing areas to better understand the response of grape fruit to diurnal temperature differences and to make wines with unique styles.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(4): 879-887. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.04.0879
In order to clarify the effects of limited irrigation on quality traits of winter wheat， a split-plot experimental design （irrigation amounts as the main plot and wheat cultivars as the subplot） was carried out conducted in Linfen， Shanxi province from 2017 to 2020. The results showed that 1 000-grain weight， protein content， wet gluten content and extensibility were decreased with increasing irrigation amount under 0.0， 75.0 and 150.0 mm irrigation levels， while no significant differences existed between test weight， zeleny sedimentation value， max resistance， stability time， formation time and stretch area. Quality traits performed significant difference across all experimental years under different irrigation amounts. The annual wheat quality traits in 2019—2020 performed better than those in 2018—2019， and traits in 2018—2019 were better than those in 2017—2018. In the range of 0.0~150.0 mm irrigation levels， the variable coefficient of quality traits showed the trend of dough>flour>grain. Additionally， variable coefficient under 0.0 mm was less than those under 75.0 mm and 150.0 mm irrigation levels. Variable coefficient of 1 000-grain weight， test weight， zeleny sedimentation value， max resistance， stability time， formation time and stretch area increased with increasing of irrigation amounts. The 1 000-grain weight and test weight showed linear negative correlation with protein content， while wet gluten content， extensibility， zeleny sedimentation value， max resistance， stability time， formation time and stretch area showed linear positive correlation with protein content in the range of 0.0~150.0 mm irrigation levels. The correlation coefficients between zeleny sedimentation value， extensibility， formation time， max resistance， stability time， stretch area and protein content were increased with increasing irrigation amounts， and the correlation coefficients between 1 000-grain weight， wet gluten content and protein content decreased with increasing of irrigation amounts. The grain protein production increased with increasing irrigation amounts across all experimental years and obtained overall significant differences both in irrigation amounts and experimental years. These results could provide theoretical and technical support for improving wheat quality traits by limited irrigation.
