07 September 2015, Volume 29 Issue 9
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1641-1648. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1641
In order to solve the phenomenon of chimera in vitro shoots translating directly into seeding, wheat immature embryo of five common varieties were used as the experimental material to study the effect of plant growth regulators on formation of multiple shoots from stem apex of immature embryo in wheat. The results showed that, addition of different concentration of TDZ impacted on germination rate of immature embryo in wheat: with the concentration of TDZ increased within the scope of the design gradient, the germination rate of Xinong183 was increased, while Qianjinzao, Xiaoyan22, Yangmai12 and Yangmai18 were first increased and then decreased. When the concentration of TDZ was 4mg·L-1, the germination rate of Qianjinzao was the best with 92.2%. Added TDZ to germinate was to the benefit of inducting multiple shoots. Different hormone specie, concentration and combination had a significant impact on the differentiation of multiple shoots in the program of induction. Under the premise of the best hormone concentration and combination, the regeneration rate of multiple shoots induct with 3mg·L-1 TDZ and 0.5mg·L-1IBA was the highest, 3mg·L-1TDZ and 1mg·L-16-BA combined was better, then followed by 3mg·L-1 TDZ, 1mg·L-1 6-BA and 2mg·L-1 4-PU. The best method of formation on the multiple shoots from immature embryo in wheat was 4mg·L-1 TDZ to germinate, 3mg·L-1 TDZ and 0.5mg·L-1 IBA to induct. Differentiation efficiency of the five wheat materials was different, Yangmai18 was the highest, then followed by Yangmai12, Qianjinzao, Xinong183 and Xiaoyan22. This result could provide some references to set up efficient induction system of multiple shoots from immature embryo in wheat and select better receptor of genetic transformation.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1649-1656. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1649
In order to elucidate the proteomic basis of wheat varieties with different response to P. striiformis. The proteomic approach was used to analyze the changes of differentially expressed leaf proteins during different stages after infected with the stripe rust CY32 and mixed-Puccinia striiformis in three different resistance wheat varieties. Result showed that leaf proteins of Tian 9524 (immune variety), Lantian 15 (resistant cultivar), and Mingxian 169 (susceptible variety) were changed significantly before and after inoculated with P. striiformis. A total of 16 differentially expressed protein detected with two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE)were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS/MS and protein database searching by MASCOT program, including three in Tian 9524, six in Lantian 15, and seven in Mingxian 169. The functions of these 16 proteins were related to photosynthesis, protein synthesis and response to resist disease, etc. These differentially expressed proteins maybe related to the response to infection by P. striiformis. This result provided the basic information to further reveal the resistant mechanisms and clone the resistant-related genes in wheat to Puccinia striiformis.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1657-1667. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1657
To study the response mechhism of abscisic acid (ABA) in maize. In the present study, the members of the abiscisic acid preceptor gene family were scanned genome-widely, and analyzed for their chromosome locations, gene structure, promoter cis-acting elements, expression patterns, structure and function of the putative proteins, with the integrated use of bioinformatics software. The results showed that there are thirteen members (ZmPYL1 to 13) of abscisic acid preceptor gene family in the maize genome. They randomly distributes all over the ten chromosomes. The putative proteins contain the conserved structure domains CL2 and CL4 for abscisic acid preceptor. According to the multiple alignment among the amino acid sequences of their putative proteins, these thirteen genes were classified into three subfamilies. The subfamilyⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ include members ZmPYL9 to 13, ZmPYL4 to 8 and ZmPYL1 to 3, respectively. All the five members of subfamily I contain 2 to 10 introns, respectively, while the members of subfamilies II and III contain no intron except for ZmPYL8 of subfamily III contains 1 intron. During the upstream promoter regions of all the members, there are a number of cis-acting elements responsive to hormones, abiotic stress and development regulation. The prediction of protein structure showed that all the five members of subfamily I are homodimers, while the members of subfamilies II and III are monomers, except ZmPYL8 and ZmPYL3. On the other hand, the expression patterns of the members of the abscisic acid preceptor gene family were differential among developmental stages, and different tissues and organs. All the above results lay the foundation for further research on abscisic acid family in maize, and exploration for molecular mechanism of maize response to abiotic stress.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1668-1676. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1668
In order to enrich the knowledge of soybean molecular breeding, this paper mainly deals with molecular mechanism of soybean hypocotyls regulated by hormone auxin. Transcripts for GmARF17 were present in cotyledons, hypocotyls and roots in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], relatively high in lateral roots and lower in hypocotyls using real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR). In hypocotyls, expression of GmARF17 was induced quickly by exogenous auxin IAA, indicating GmARF17 is an immediate-early auxin response gene. Meanwhile, the working model between Gm-miR160 and its target GmARF17 was analyzed by mining soybean genome data. The resistant version vector GmARF17::mGmARF17 (mGmARF17) was constructed and then transformed into wild type soybean. Successful transgenic plants expressing mGmARF17 showed normal leaves, main stems and floral organs but shorter hypocotyls. The decreased concentration of IAA and increased GmGH3.6 were found in the mGmARF17 hypocotyls, implying that GmARF17 regulates hypocotyls cell elongation by modulating IAA homeostasis. However, the response to exogenous auxin in mGmARF17 hypocotyl was found to be similar to that of control. Expression levels of GmSAUR23, GmIAA2, GmARGOS, GmARF10 and GmARF16 are down-regulated but GmMIR160A are up-regulated in the mGmARF17 hypocotyls, suggesting that auxin signaling is suppressed and the balance of between GmMIR160A and its targets is disrupted. Taken together, our paper presents a novel regulatory pathway that the soybean auxin response factor GmARF17 is involved in the growth and development of hypocotyls and likely acts as a negative regulator of cell elongation by regulating chelating gene(s) through the interaction between GmMIR160A and its targets. The results of this paper will benefit soybean molecular breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1677-1686. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1677
In order to understand the biology function of UFGT (UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase) gene, and its relationship with anthocyanin biosynthesis in onion, two full-length cDNA sequences designated AcUFGT1 and AcUFGT2 was cloned with the performance of degenerate PCR and RACE technology. Sequence analysis indicated that the two sequences encode peptides of 450 and 475 amino acids respectively. Contain the conserved PSPG domain of glycosyltransferase and share relatively high similarity with Vitis labrusca and Nicotiana tabacum, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two genes shared a closer relationship with Phoenix dactvlifera and Brachypodium distachyon respectively, while a somewhat distant relationship themselves. Real-time expression analysis demonstrated that the two genes both expressed abundantly in the red onion bulb, while almost no expression in yellow and white; and expressed abundantly in the early stage of onion bulb swelling, while decreased slowly later. The only difference is that AcUFGT2 increased at the end of the bulb swelling. Anthocyanin content determination indicated that the product is accumulated abundantly in red onion, much lower in yellow and white, and increased rapidly in the initial stage of bulb swelling, then slowly increased until a minor reduce finally. In this study, it is preliminary proved that the two genes are related with anthocyanin biosynthesis, and provided a theoretical basis for the further study of anthocyanin pigmentation in onion.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1687-1693. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1687
The virulence factors produced by fungi play an important role in the interaction of the fungus with plant. In this paper, yeast two hybrid (Y2H) was used to screen the PG-interacting protein factors. The cDNA libraries of Stellaria apetala Ucria which was a nonspecific host of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were constructed and the cDNA libraries could be used for yeast two hybrid test. Through this method, seven different homologue genes coding 40S ribosomal protein, 26S ribosomal RNA gene, eukaryotic elongation factor 1A, pvruvate kinase, polyubiquitin, phosphoglucomutase and transmembrane protein were cloned. The findings of interacting proteins will serve as a theoretical basis for further understanding, preventing, and controling Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1694-1700. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1694
In order to understand the infection of Strawberry Vein Banding Virus (SVBV) in Benihope strawberry plants in main production areas of Zhejiang, and to establish appropriate virus-free propagation system of strawberry, the distribution of SVBV in the main strawberry production regions were investigated. Results showed that most Benihope plants were infected with SVBV. The gene sequence of SVBV isolated from infected plants was compared with that of SVBV in NCBI database, that indicated that the gene of SVBV in Zhejiang province shared a high sequence similarity of 98% with that of SVBV in NCBI. Runner tips with 0.2 mm long were cultured in MS medium wih 0.3 mg·L-16-BA, 0.05 mg·L-1 GA, 0.01 mg·L-1 IBA, 3% sucrose, pH 5.8. PCR results showed that the detoxification rate of plant shoot tip culture was 93%. Using the above method plants with thick and strong root system and of strong resistance can be cultured. The results of this paper will provide a useful guidance for the establishment of a sound virus detoxification technique of strawberry.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1701-1710. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1701
Flower color is mainly affected by the flower pigments, color-related genes regulate, the biosynthesis metabolism of flower pigments. Research on color-related genes is the hot spot in recent years. This paper mainly introduces the research progresses both at home and abroad, which consist of characteristics and function of structural and regulatory genes controlling orchid floral color in anthocyanin and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways, methods of cloning color-related genes, the applications of transgenic technique and so on. The study could provide important reference value for the study on genetic engineering related to flower color in Chinese orchids.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1711-1717. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1711
In this paper, the effect of electron beam irradiation of Codonopsis pilosula on quality and pharmacodynamic constituent was studied. Codonopsis pilosulas were irradiated at the electron beam irradiation dose of 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 kGy, and detected at 0, 6, 12 months, respectively. The results showed the following rules with the increase of irradiation dose and storage time: little change of protein content, certain decline of crude fat and soluble sugar afer 6 months, no change of total amino acid content at the irradiation dose between 0 and 3 kGy, significantly decrease of amino acid content after 6 and 12 months at the irradiation dose between 5 and 7 kGy, littte change of lobetyolin at the dose of 3kGy, no change of codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide. In conclusion, irradiation technology can used in storage of Codonopsis pilosula, meanwhile the constituent and nutritional quality of Codonopsis pilosula has no change at the optimal dose of 3kGy.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1718-1723. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1718
In order to choose glutinous rice mutants, which were specially suitable for wine making and glutinous rice flour processing, ten late japonica glutinous rice mutants were used to do the starch content determination and quality analysis. The test result showed that the total starch content and amylopectin content of mutant WG-3 increased by 1.18% and 1.28% than shaonuo 9714 respectively, percent of retrogradation and peak viscosity was similar to that of shaonuo 9714, breakdown and setback was lower than that of shaonuo 9714, so it was suitable for wine making and glutinous rice flour processing. This study provided some reference for choosing glutinous rice mutants suiting for wine making and glutinous rice flour processing.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1724-1729. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1724
In order to evaluate the effect of floral organs mutation on rice quality, beak-shaped glume 1 (bsg1) mutant was obtained by irradiation from Zhejing 22. Effects of floral organs variations of the bsg1 mutant were analyzed on its rice qualities, which included appearance quality, milling quality, cooking and nutrient qualities. Results demonstrated that floral organs variations of the bsg1 mutant were mainly on the shape of palea and lemma, which became straighter than Zhejing 22 since their curving degree decreased, especially almost straight for the palea. Epidermal hairs on the palea and lemma of bsg1 were shorter than those of Zhejing 22. Grains of bsg1 were smaller than Zhejing 22 and its chalkiness was extremely decreased. Brown rice rate, white rice rate and amylose content of bsg1 were significantly lower than Zhejing 22. Gel consistency was extremely increased for the bsg1 mutant. Whole white rice rate and protein content of the bsg1 mutant was no difference with Zhejing 22. Thus, rice taste of the bsg1 mutant was softer than Zhejing 22. All in all, the floral organs variations on the bsg1 mutant brought some certain improvement on the rice quality. The study will lay foundation for rice quality breeding through irradiation.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1730-1736. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1730
Taros are perishable during storage. With the aim to solve this problem, an orthogonal design L9(33) study was performed to investigate the effect of postharvest treatment of preservative (1-MCP, ClO2 and control), storage bags (with thickness of 20, 40, 60μm) and storage temperature (6, 10, 14℃) on the quality of taro during storage. The results showed that the decay index was significantly lower when stored at 10℃ and 14℃ than that at 6℃. During storage, the appearance (indicated with decay index and browning index) and nutrition (indicated with the content of cellulose and Vc) were better for samples treated with 1-MCP stored at 14℃ compared with those treated with 1-MCP but stored at 10℃. The treatment of 1-MCP and storing at 14℃ showed synergistic preservative effects. Taros were not suitable for long time storage with treatment of ClO2; bags with the thickness of 40 and 60 μm had better preservative effect on taro than that of 20 μm. The optimized technique is summarized as follows: Taros are initially fumigated with 0.04 mg·Kg-1 of 1-MCP for 24 h, then put into storage bag of 40 μm without sealing and stored at 14℃. The decay index (0), browning index (0.13), the content of cellulose (0.60%) and relative conductivity (0.29) were significantly lower, while the content of Vc (4.12 mg·100g-1) was higher than that of the control after 150 d storage. This study has important theoretical and practical significance on the storage of fresh tube vegetable.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1737-1742. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1737
To investigate the effects of cassai oil on the shelf-life and quality of sweet cherry fruits in ambient temperature(26℃ to 30℃), the fruits of Brooks sweet cherry were fumigated with cassai oil (10, 15 and 20μL·L-1).The decay rate, weight loss, firmness, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, fruit anthocyanin and stalk chlorophyll content were analysed during storage. The treatment by cassai oil fumigating is an effective means to control fruit decay, sustain the weight and firmness loss, as well as keeping higher anthocyanin content in fruit and chlorophyll content in stalk.There were no significant differences on soluble solid content and titratable acidity of fruit among treatment during the whole experiment period. 15μL·L-1 cassai oil treatment can obviously inhibit the decay of sweet cherry fruit.Fruit injury was found while cassai oil concentration was over 30μL·L-1. The results showed that the treatment by cassai oil fumigation could effectively prolong shelf-life of sweet cherry fruit in ambient temperature. This reaserch would provides a necessity to guide on developing and using essential oil on preservation and fresh-keeping for sweet cherry.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1743-1748. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1743
In order to study the change of volatile flavor compounds on garlic by vinegar pickling and drying, the volatile flavor compounds of vinegar pickled and dried garlic were analyzed by a solid phase microextraction (SPME) and GC/MS. The major volatile compounds in the control garlic, pickled garlic, dried garlic were 14, 10 and 8 kinds of sulfur-containing compounds, and were detected with relative content of 95.15%, 63.88% and 47.52% respectively. The major sulfur-containing compound of the control garlic was diallyl disulfide, 1, 3-dithiane, diallyl sulfide, methyl thiirane, dimethyl disulfide, allyl methyl sulfide. Vinegar pickling treatment result some decrease in the relative concentrations of diallyl disulfide, diallyl sulfide, allyl methyl sulfide, methyl prop-1-enyl disulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and some increase in the concentrations of diallyl trisulfide, methyl allyl trisulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, 2-ethenyl thiophene. In hot-air drying treatment, the relative concentrations of diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, diallyl sulfide, 1, 3-dithiane, dimethyl trisulfide decreased, but the concentration of methyl prop-1-enyl disulfide, methyl allyl trisulfide, 2-ethenyl thiophene increased. The pungent odor decreased and the delightful odour increased after vinegar pickling and drying treatment on garlic. This study provided theoretical direction for the development and flavor research of pickled garlic and dried garlic.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1749-1756. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1749
To explore an accurate, efficient and economic detection method of Ochratoxin A (OTA) produced by molds in food, immune affinity column (IAC), C18 solid phase extraction column (C18SPE), evaporation concentration (EC) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) were selected to combine with glass microfiber filter (GMF), respectively. The differences of four kinds of pretreatment methods for recovery of OTA in food with LC-Q-Orbitrap detection were investigated. Results showed that the recovery of EC-GMF is significantly higher than other combination methods, up to 104.94%, and followed IAC-GMF (92.76%), C18SPE-GMF (86.86%) and LLE-GMF (55.42%). The method of IAC-GMF showed the best effect because the basement is very clean. It is due to the less impure components and its lower content. An efficient method for OTA detection was established by LC-Q-Orbitrap analysis with a pretreatment of EC and GMF, considering the detection results and cost. The detection limit of this method was 0.05 ng·mL-1, and its average recovery of standard addition in a positive sample reached 104.94% with a RSD less than 2.85% (n=4). The establishment of this method can provide reference for OTA detection in food.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1757-1765. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1757
In order to establish detection method and study the accumulation and migration of patulin, liquid-liquid extraction and QuEChERS extraction (original QuEChERS method, AOAC.2007 method, EN15662 method) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were developed to determine patulin in decaying of apple fruits. The solvent selection, derivatization reagents, derivatization conditions and different detection modes were optimized, and calibration was performed with matrix-matched standard solutions. The results showed that AOAC.2007 and EN15662 methods had superiority in patulin detection with higher detection recovery (92.41% to 99.09%), lower relative standard deviation (2.01% to 5.87%), and less solvent, high sensitivity and accuracy. The results also showed that there is no correlation between the decay rate and patulin contents in apples. The patulin values of decayed parts and undecayed parts range from 0.147 to 40.808μg·g-1 and 0.0016 to 1.254μg·g-1, respectively, suggesting that patulin might migrate to health tissue from rotten areas. The high sensitivity detection method for PAT in apples was established and migration of PAT in postharvest apples was studied, laying theoretical and practical basis for the storage, transportation, quality and safety control of apples.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1766-1773. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1766
Surimi-based products means a variety of products made from fish meat through the process of meat separation, rinsing, dehydrating, refined filtration, kneading and gelation. Surimi products are of highly proteinous food with excellent quality, rich nutrition and convenience of its kind, it has become a kind of promising modern aquatic processing foods which has been widely accepted by consumer. With the development of aquatic products processing, people's demand for the quality of aquatic products is also increasing. The gel properties are important factors for evaluating the quality of surimi products. How to improve the gel properties has become a focus problem during the processing of surimi at present. This paper introduced the gel formation, the factors impacting the gel properties and the methods analyzing the gel properties, aimed to provide the reference for improving the gel properties of surimi products.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1774-1781. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1774
In order to explore the removal effect and mechanism of Citrobacter freundii on U(Ⅵ), the influence factors including pH value, temperature and the initial concentration of U(Ⅵ) were discussed in this research. The analysis technology of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy-X-ray energy dispersive analysis (SEM-EDX) were used to investigate the removal mechanism of Citrobacter freundii to U(Ⅵ). The changes of molecular functional groups, cell morphology and elemental composition were analyzed after the strains interacting with U(Ⅵ). The results showed that the optimum removals indexes about Citrobacter freundii removal U(Ⅵ) were pH value 7.0, temperature 30℃ and the initial U(Ⅵ) concentration 10 mg·L-1. Under such condition, the maximum removal rate of U(Ⅵ) by Citrobacter freundii strain could be up to 94.5%. And at the initial U(Ⅵ) concentration 30 mg·L-1, the removal rate of U(Ⅵ) also could reach to 92.1%. By FTIR analysis, the main molecular functional groups of Citrobacter freundii interacting with U(Ⅵ), included -OH, -C=O, -PO43-, -NH2, etc. Under SEM-EDX graphic, cell surface appeared to be folded, and there were large amount of lamellar crystals and particulate matter after the Citrobacter freundii contracting with U(Ⅵ). The element contents of Na, Mg, Ca declined under SEM-EDX analysis. Two new peaks of P and U were appeared at the bacterial cell wall, and the atomic ratio of P:U:Ca was 0.88%:0.69%:0.48%, respectively. In conclusion, the removal effect of Citrobacter freundii is on U(Ⅵ) was affected by pH value, temperature, the initial U(Ⅵ) concentration. The removal mechanism to U(Ⅵ) was complicated. The main removal way of U(Ⅵ) was the interaction of cell group, ion exchange role of inorganic ions, microbial mineralization, and it provided theoretical basis for the using of Citrobacter freundii to remove nuclides.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1782-1790. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1782
In order to search the different physiological characteristics between different wheat when spraying acid rain, Two wheat cultivars, Ningmai 15 and Jining12, were selected to study the effect of simulated acid rain sprayed after anthesis on leaf photosynthetic and antioxidant system in wheat. The results showed that in Ningmai15 leaf SOD and APX activity decreased, POD activity, production rate of O2- and MDA content increased, while H2O2 content decreased first then increased. Content of chlorophyll, net photosynthetic rate, above ground weight, yield and yield components all decreased. Acid rain had obvious effect on wheat even after treatment, and after effect was more significant when spraying 0 to 4d after anthesis, followed by 15 to 19d, and by 5 to 9d after anthesis. In Jining12, activity of SOD, POD, APX, content of chlorophyll increased with treatment of acid rain, production rate of O2-decreased. Net photosynthetic rate decreased during acid rain treatment, but it had compensation effect after acid rain. Above ground weight, yield and grain weight all increased(except T2). Aftereffect of acid rain was 0 to 4d > 15 to 9d > 5 to 9d. In sum, Ningmai15 was more sensitive than Jining12, and wheat was more sensitive to acid rain 0 to 4d after anthesis. The study reveals different physiological differences between two wheat with the acid rain, and it provide theoretical basis for wheat cultivation.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1791-1798. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1791
The protein content and its components in wheat grain are considered one of the important flour quality traits. The experiment was carried out to study the effect of irrigation schemes on grain protein components, yield and the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS). This information will help to elucidate the mechanisms of protein synthesis in wheat. The irrigation schemes included normal irrigation (W2), water saving irrigation (W1) and rainfed condition (W0). Compared to W2, the grain protein content increased at maturity, respectively, under W1 and W0 conditions. As for grain protein yield, W1 and W0 led to an increase and decrease, respectively. Genotype, irrigation and genotype×irrigation were significant for protein content and grain protein yield. However, the year factor was only significant for grain protein yield. In comparison with W2, W1 significantly increased the content of globulin, gliadin and glutenin, and glutenin/gliadin, as well as the content of albumin. W0 also increased the content of gliadin and glutenin, but it had less impact than W1. Meanwhile, the W1 and W0 led to an increase at early grain-filling period and decrease during late grain-filling, respectively, in activities of glutamine synthetase.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1799-1805. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1799
Continuous cropping was very common in Heilongjiang maize production. It is very important to investigate the allelopthic effects after maize straw returning into soil, for straw burning is not only a waste of resources but also potential environment pollutant. A pot experiment was conducted with maize seedlings as materials, to investigate the effects of maize stalk decomposition liquid of different decomposition time (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 d) and different decomposition solution concentrations (0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, and 0.03125 g DW·ml) on leaf protective enzymes activity, MDA content and endogenous hormones in leaf of maize seedlings as well as measuring and analyzing typical allelopathic substances in decomposition liquid using LC-MS. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of maize straw returning on maize growth under continuous cropping production and could provide scientific basis for the application of straw returning in field production. The results showed that the allelopathic substances were benzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, phthalic acid, vanillic acid, and ferulic acid appeared in stalk decomposition liquid. The stalk decomposition liquid of shorter decomposed time had higher content of allelochemicals. With increasing stalk decomposed time, the content of allelochemicals decreased. The application of stalk decomposed liquid of short-time decomposition or high concentration reduced the activity of SOD and POD, increased MDA content, caused stress on seedlings and had an effect on osmotic adjustment as well as metabolism disorder of endogenous hormones in maize seedlings. In addition, the accumulation of IAA, GA and ZR were increased with the application of stalk decomposed liquid, which influenced the normal hormone balance and played an inhibitory effect on plant growth. Meanwhile, plenty of produced ABA accelerated plant senescence.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1806-1812. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1806
To pursue the optimum nitrogen topdressing methods of maize in cold zone in the North-east part of China, a field experiments was carried out with the different nitrogen topdressing methods, namely CK (no fertilizer applied), PK (P, K base applied without N), NPK(N, P, K base applied, similarly hereinafter)+SD1(N surface topdressing for once), NPK+DD1(N deep topdressing for once), NPK+DD2(N deep topdressing for twice) to investigste the plant height, the leaf area index (LAI), the SPAD, the ear characters and the yield of the tested maize during the key growth stages. The results showed that compared with the CK and PK, the nitrogen topdressing treatments could increase the plant height during the whole growth stage of the tested maize. When reaching the maturity period, the plant height of nitrogen topdressing treatments were 11.9% to 20.7% and 9.1% to 17.7% higher than that of the CK and PK respectively. The plant height of N deep topdressing was 2.3% to 7.9% higher than that of the N surface topdressing. The nitrogen topdressing could also significantly increase the value of the LAI of the tested maize. From elongation to waxy stage, the LAI of N deep topdressing increased 10.7% to 44.4% and 6.9% to 34.0% respectively. In the 40 days after silking stage, it could significantly increase the value of SPAD conent in the leaf different parts of the maize. The SPAD of the N deep topdressing was higher than that of the N surface topdressing, but no obvious difference was found among them. It significantly increased ear length, ear diameter, axis diameter and ear position, and reduced the bare tip length of the maize. The nitrogen topdressing could improve the yield of the tested maize. Compared with the CK and the PK treatments, their yields increased by 78.0% to 99.7% and 54.4% to 73.2%, respectively and the yield of the N deep topdressing was 8.76% to 12.2% higher than that of the N surface topdressing. The N deep topdressing could increase both total income and net income per unit, then the N deep topdressing was better than N surface topdressing for increasing yield, and the N deep topdressing for twice achieved optimum effect for the maize. The results achieved in this test could provide the theoretical basis for maize production in the cold zone of China.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1813-1820. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1813
The paper investigated the phosphorus (P) use efficiency of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and the difference mechanisms among 12 genotypes. A field pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the differences in P transport and utilization characteristics correlation between P use efficiency and indexes of P transport under the same P input. The results showed that: total P accumulation varied 394.4 to 616.3 mg·plant-1, and P use efficiency and peanut yield varied 104.1 to 128.2 kg·kg-1 and 44.3 to 79.1 g·plant-1 for the 12 genotypes respectively. Significant differences were observed among various genotypes of peanut. P transport amount varied 37.7 to 132.7 mg·plant-1, and P transport proportion and contribution rate of transport P varied, 25.1% to 75.0% and 11.1% to 33.5% for the 12 genotypes respectively. There were also significant differences among various genotypes of peanut. Peanut yield was significantly positive correlations with P transport amount, P accumulation in reproductive organ or whole plant on pod-maturing stage, P accumulation in whole plant on yield-forming stage, and P accumulation over the whole growth stage. Meanwhile, P use efficiency was similar as peanut yield, which had significantly positive correlations with these P indexes as well. Luhua11, Huayu39 and Jihua5 were evaluated as the three genotypes with high yield and high P use efficiency. The yields of the three genotypes were 50.7% to 78.6%, 39.4% to 65.2% and 14.9% to 36.1% higher than the other peanuts, respectively. Total P accumulations of the three genotypes were 32.3% to 56.3%, 26.3% to 49.3% and 10.3% to 30.3% higher than the others, and P use efficiency were 8.3% to 23.2%, 2.1% to 18.9% and -3.3% to 12.6% higher than the other peanuts, respectively. Furthermore, P transport amounts of Luhua11 and Huayu39 were 26.4% to 252.0% and 22.6% to 241.4% higher than the other genotypes, respectively. These findings will provide the basis for genotypes screening with high P efficiency and peanut cultivation with high yield and P-saving.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1821-1827. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1821
In order to effective utilize spent mushroom substrate (SMS), component of compound substrate (CS) were optimized by spent mushroom substrate (Agaricus bisporus, SMS-AB), perlite and peat in different proportions, and application effects of CSs on tomato seedling growth were investigated. The results showed that it was the effectively way to reduce the EC value by leaching SMA-AB two times. Growing up to 24 days and 34 days, on T6 (50% leached SMS-AS with 50% perlite, v/v), the plants height were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of the CK and other treatments, similar results in stem diameter, the plant growing on T5 (leached SMS-AB to perlite 2:1, v/v), T9 (50% leached SMS-AB with 25% perlite and 25% peat, v/v), T10 (leached SMS-AB:perlite:peat 1:1:1, v/v) and CK, the stems diameter were significantly thicker (P<0.05) than that of other treatments, but no significant difference between T5、T9、T10 and CK. Growing on T5、T6、T9 and T10, the net photosynthetic rates were significantly increased compared with that in the other CSs. Root to shoot on dry matter ratio, growing on T5、T6 and T9, were significantly higher than that in the others. Regarding the most suitable SMS-based substrates for tomato seedling production, SMS can be used in mixtures with perlite replacing part of the peat. Therefore, the study provide some technical basis and practical operation on rational utilization of SMS to produce horticultural substrate and effectively reduce the substrate production cost.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1828-1832. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1828
In order to study effects on cold tolerance of winter rapa under exogenous ABA, the experiment was carried out in the field before the wintering, Longyou 8 as the material, spraying ABA by different concentrations(0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mg·L-1), and in different periods (3 leaf stage, 5 leaf stage, 6 leaf stage, 7 leaf stage), the changes of MDA, soluble sugar (SS) content, soluble protein (SP) content, wintering rate and yield of rapa were determined and analyzed. The results showed, after spraying ABA on leaves, the MDA content of winter rapa decreased, while the content of soluble sugar, the content of soluble protein, winter survival rate and yield increased. According to the results, it was suggested that the best time to spray ABA on winter rapa was between five leaf stage and six leaf stage, and the best concentration should be 15 to 20 mg·L-1, because it could effectively improve the cold tolerance of winter rapa. The research provides a technological support to the safety wintering of winter rapa.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(9): 1833-1843. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.09.1833
The leaves of six kinds of Lonicera caeruleae Rehd varieties were taken as the experimental materials, and photosynthesis and physiological changes under the drought stress were measured in order to clarify the tolerance of Lonicera caeruleae Rehd varieties to drought stress. In this experiment, artificial potted natural drought method was applied to simulate normal drought stress, then photosynthesis and physiological changes under the four drought stress levels(10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) were measured, as well as systemic comparison of adaptive changes of the parameters and its difference analysis.The results showed that with the intensification of drought stress, as the absolute soil moisture is 10%, the Pn of Yilyada was highest, 0.68μmol·m-2·s-1, while the Pn of Berel and Lazurnaya was negative, and others were also decline, and there was a significant difference with the absolute water content of soil at 40%(p≤0.01). The drop of Tr and WUE were slow and decreased by 67.95% and 79.35%, respectively, compared with the absolute water content of soil at 40%; the Changes of Gi showed that the Pn decline of Yilyada and Bakqarckaya were caused by non-stomatal factor; With the extent of drought stress aggravating, chlorophyll content of Yilyada and Berelwere significantly higher than other varieties and increased by 37.4%, and 0.62% in absolute water content of soil at 40%. Soluble sugar content were increased slowly, which showed that the two species could ensure full utilization of light energy by increasing the chlorophyll content under drought conditions, and accumulation of soluble sugars increased osmotic potential of the species, and enhanced the ability of the plant's drought tolerance. Comprehensive analysis of the physiological and ecological parameters, Lonicera caeruleae Rehd seedlings of different varieties can be drought-stress tolerant to certain degree, 6 kinds of Lonicera caeruleae Rehd varieties drought resistance forces followed the order of Yilyada > Vacugancksya > Berel > Ogneny opal > Bakqarskaya > Lazurnaya. Research on drought resistance of Lonicera caeruleae Rehd provided theoretical and practical value for breeding and cultivating in drought, and semi-arid regions.
