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  • Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
    CHEN Yiquan, LIN Rongyan, KONG Lan, FANG Nengyan, FAN Ronghui, ZHONG Huaiqin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(12): 2281-2293. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.12.2281

    In order to investigate the volatile components in the petals of Camellia varieties Scented Sun, High Fragrance and Chidan at different flowering stages, HS-SPME and GC-MS techniques were employed in conjunction with relative odor activity values (ROAVs) to identify key aroma components. By using transcriptome sequencing technology, floral fragrance biosynthesis pathways and genes related to the floral fragrance were explored. The results showed that the main floral aroma components of three varieties consisted of monoterpenes and benzenoids/phenylpropanoids, with the highest concentration of monoterpenes and significant differences in composition and content among the varieties. A total of 16 characteristic aroma components were identified, with linalool being the key aroma component that plays a dominant role in the overall aroma profile of Camellia. Seven structural genes from the mevalonate pathway and eight structural genes from the methylerythritol phosphate pathway were screened from transcriptome data, among these, CaDXS2 and CaDXS3 are key structural genes involved in monoterpene synthesis. Screening of key enzyme genes CaLIS/NES1 and CaLIS/NES2 in the terpenoid synthesis pathway, as well as CaPAR and CaSAMT in the benzenering/phenylpropanoid compound synthesis pathway, suggests that these genes play a crucial role in the synthesis of key components in floral fragrance, such as linalool, 2-phenylethanol, and methyl salicylate. The results of qRT-PCR and RNA-seq validation of differentially expressed genes showed a high degree of correlation, indicating that RNA-seq sequencing results have high accuracy. These research results provide a basis for further study on the mechanisms involved in the formation of flower fragrance in Camellia.

  • Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
    JIAO Xiaolin, YIN Mengqi, CHEN Xingxing, XU Jiang, GUO Shuai, YANG Bin, MA Weisi
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(5): 897-906. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.05.0897

    To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying gray mold disease resistance in Panax notoginseng leaves, ultra performance liquid chromatography was utilized to monitor the dynamic changes in the content of ginsenosides Rd, Rb1, Rc and Rb3 in Panax notoginseng leaves inoculated with Botrytis cinerea. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing technology was further used to analyze the differentially expressed genes. The results showed that the contents of the four ginsenosides in Panax notoginseng leaves increased by 39.02% to 86.56% after 12 hours of inoculation compared to the control. However, their contents decreased after 24 hours of infection, with a reduction rate ranging from 0.31% to 62.51%. Transcriptome sequencing further indicated that compared to the non-inoculated control, the differentially expressed genes in inoculated leaves at both 12 and 24 hours were significantly enriched in the triterpenoid biosynthesis pathway. Specifically, the expressions of phosphomevalonate kinase (PMVK) and hydroxymethylbutene-4-phosphate synthase (HDS), which were involved in the biosynthesis pathway of ginsenosides in Panax notoginseng leaves, were upregulated at 12 hours post-inoculation with Botrytis cinerea, leading to an increase in ginsenoside content. However, the elevated expression level of the HDS gene was not maintained after 24 hours of inoculation, potentially explaining the subsequent decrease in ginsenoside content. Our finding identified PMVK and HDS as two key enzyme genes that may play important roles in the chemical response of Panax notoginseng leaves to Botrytis cinerea infection. These results provide a basis for a deeper understanding of the interaction between Panax notoginseng and Botrytis cinerea, and reinforce the efforts towards the molecular breeding of Panax notoginseng resistant varieties.

  • Isotope Tracer Technique·Ecology and Environment·Physiology
    SHEN Chuan, LI Xia, QIN Jianfeng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(10): 2032-2045. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.10.2032

    ‍Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for the health of humans, animals, and microorganisms. In recent years, nano-selenium (SeNPs) have emerged as a research hotspot due to their remarkable biocompatibility, bioavailability, and low toxicity. SeNPs have been widely utilized in agriculture to enhance crop photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant activity, nutrient acquisition, as well as to mitigate heavy metal toxicity and stress damage in plants. With the increasing importance of nanotechnology, sustainable agriculture, and environmental issues, studies on the potential impacts of SeNPs on plant growth, development, and metabolism will continue to increase. This review provided a comparative analysis of three synthesis methods, the synthesis process, and the transportation mechanisms of SeNPs within plants. Furthermore, it comprehensively reviewed the roles of SeNPs in improving plant nutrient acquisition, yield and quality. The advantages of SeNPs application in enhancing plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses were highlighted. Moreover, factors that affected the efficacy of SeNPs were critically analyzed, and the trends for future development were discussed. The aim of this study was to provide novel insights and methodologies for understanding the molecular mechanisms of crop stress resistance and breeding strategies.

  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
    DENG Mingyi, TANG Xinyue, LI Shirui, LI Tao, WANG He
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(9): 1761-1771. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.09.1761

    ‍Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of green solvents that consist of liquid eutectic mixtures formed by hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors with a specific molar ratio via hydrogen bonding interactions. They have the advantages of low vapor pressure, simple preparation, low cost, biodegradability, environmental compatibility and recyclability. Due to these properties, DESs have been widely used in various fields, such as food, medicine and etc. This article presented a comprehensive overview on the composition, classification and physicochemical properties of DESs, as well as their applications in food industry. In particular, the present study highlighted the recent advances of DESs in extraction of food functional ingredients, fabrication of food packaging materials, encapsulation of bioactive compounds, production of cryoprotectants, generation of Maillard reaction products and application of food biotechnology. Furthermore, we also discussed the opportunities and challenges of using DESs in food sector, and proposed the future directions for enhancing and optimizing the performance of DESs in food processing and production. This review aims to offer a theoretical reference and guidance for the application of DESs in food industry.

  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
    YANG Wei, ZHANG Beihong, LING Qingyan, ZHONG Qing, YU Jiamin, XIAO Zufei, JIN Zhinong, LIU Yuanqiu
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(9): 1751-1760. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.09.1751

    In order to explore the antioxidant properties of eucalyptus and citral camphor essential oils and hydrosols, the eucalyptus and citral camphor essential oils were extracted by steam distillation. ‍Chemical composition and relative content of extracted oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyzer (GC-MS). A total number of 15 major compounds with a relative content of more than 0.1% was found in eucalyptus-type camphor essential oil, among which Eucalyptol had the highest content of 57.28%. At the essential oil concentration of 128 g·L-1, the scavenging rate of essential oil to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·) was 82.60%, which was higher than that of the positive control(77.85%). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) with the strongest scavenging capacity for DPPH· and 2,2-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical (ABTS·+) were 14.25 and 31.65 g·L-1 respectively. There were 30 major compounds with a relative content more than 0.1% in citral-type camphor essential oil, among which citral (neral and geranial) had the highest content of 42.32%. The IC50 with the strongest scavenging capacity for DPPH· and ABTS·+ were 44.45 and 34.46 g·L-1 respectively. The hydrosols of essential oil had a certain scavenging effect on DPPH and ABTS, and the optimum antioxidant properties of eucalyptus-type hydrosols (DPPH·: 53.24%, ABTS·+: 10.50%) was higher than citral-type hydrosols (DPPH·: 10.58%, ABTS·+: 9.06%). Both chemotypes of camphor essential oils and hrdrosols possessed antioxidant properties, and in a certain concentration range, the antioxidant properties of the essential oils were significantly stronger at higher concentration than the lower concentration. Essential oil of eucalyptus-type camphor had stronger antioxidant activity than citral-type. The research provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of camphor essential oil.

  • ‘Exploration and Quality Control of Medicinal Plant Germplasms’ Column
    ZHAO Jiaying, YING Yuxin, XU Zhangting, CHEN Junyu, LYU Jiayi, YU Zhenming
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(10): 1823-1835. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.10.1823

    To identify the members of TIFY gene family in Rubus chingii Hu and elucidate their expression patterns in different tissues, during vavious growth stages of fruits, and under methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Bioinformatics were employed to identify the TIFY family members in the R. chingii genome. Their physicochemical properties, conserved motifs, gene structure, phylogenetic tree, chromosomal localization, and cis-acting elements were investigated. Additionally, their expression profiles in different tissues, at different developmental stages, and under treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were compared using transcriptome analysis and quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that a total of 16 TIFY family members were excavated, which were unevenly distributed on 7 chromosomes, encoding proteins ranging from 118 to 534 amino acids. These proteins were classified into four subfamilies and predominantly targeted to the nucleus. The gene structure, conserved motifs, and secondary structure of RcTIFY members within the same subfamily were similar. Numerous cis-acting elements, including hormone responsiveness and stress responsiveness, were found in the promoter regions of RcTIFY family genes. RcTIFY family genes were differentially expressed in various tissues (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits), at different fruit development stages (small green fruits, big green fruits, yellow fruits, and red fruits), and under the treatment of MeJA. Notably, RcJAZ2 was highly expressed in fruits of R. chingii, and induced by MeJA, suggesting its involvement in the accumulation of flavonoids. The results laid a foundation for in-depth study on the role of RcTIFY family genes in R. chingii.

  • Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
    RAN Siting, ZHANG Jiaqi, WANG Jie
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(2): 213-222. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.02.0213

    Ergothioneine is a naturally accuring active substance found in edible fungi, known for its antioxidant and metal chelating functions. In order to further explore and improve the yield of ergothioneine produced through biological fermentation, this study used ultraviolet mutagenesis (UV), ethyl methylsulfonate mutagenesis (EMS) and space mutagenesis (SFM) to mutate strains of the Pleurotus Citrinopileatus. The mycelial growth rate and liquid fermentation yield of ergothioneine were used as evaluation indicators to select high-yield straits of Pleurotus Citrinopileatus. The results showed that 46, 40 and 48 mutant strains were obtained through UV, EMS and SFM mutagenesis, respectively. The positive mutation rate for UV mutagenesis was 43.48%. UV, EMS and SFM mutagenesis resulted in 8, 3 and 1 strain of liquid-fermented ergothioneine, respectively, with significantly higher yields than the original strain (P<0.01). Among the 12 high-yielding ergothioneine mutagenic strains, the yield of the UV-30 strain was the highest, at 2.16 times that of the original strain, while the growth rate of the UV-13 strain was the fastest, at 1.02 times that of the original strain. Genetic distance analysis showed that the mutation degree of the SFM mutant strain was higher than that of the UV mutant strain, and both strains exhibited a higher mutation degree of both strains the EMS mutant strain. The results of this study contribute valuable material for the fundamental research of the ergothioneine biosynthesis pathway and provide a reference for the mutagenesis and breeding of the high yield ergothioneine strain of Pleurotus Citrinopileatus.

  • Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
    LIANG Hui, ZHANG Yuyin, DOU Hua, ZHANG Zhaoqi, CHEN Xuyu
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(5): 927-933. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.05.0927

    In order to confirm the pathogen of anthracnose in Qinan Aquilaria sinensis, and characterize its biological characteristics while screening effective agents against to anthracnose, the pathogen was isolated through tissue separation method and its pathogenicity was determined with Koch postulates. Combining morphological and molecular biological analysis, BMXYB1 was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Biological characteristics revealed that the optimum temperature for mycelial growth was 28 ℃, the optimum pH value was 6.0, the optimum medium was potato dextrose agar medium (PDA). The optimal nitrogen source for pathogen growth was potassium nitrate and the optimal carbon source was glucose. The results of fungicide virulence showed that 430 g·L-1 tebuconazole and 250 g·L-1 propiconazole had strong inhibitory effects on the fungal, with the EC50 of 0.773 ‍1 and 0.451 ‍2 ‍mg·L-1, respectively. This study provides scientific basis for effective prevention and control of anthracnose.

  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
    TANG Jitao, SHUAI Liang, LIAO Lingyan, QU Dezhi, YIN Feilong, HE Meiying, LIU Yunfen
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(4): 784-792. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.04.0784

    To investigate the effects of α-arbutin treatment on post-harvest browning of longan pericarp and its regulatory role in reactive oxygen metabolism, different concentrations of α-arbutin (0.1, 0.5 and 1 g·L-1) were applied to Shixia longan fruit, with water serving as the control (CK). Samples were collected every 2 days to determine the inner epidermal coloration, cell membrane permeability, browning index in the longan fruit pericarp, and the breakdown index in the pulp, as well as physiological indicators related to reactive oxygen metabolism in the pericarp. The results showed that α-arbutin at the concentration of 1 g·L-1 was the optimal treatment. This treatment significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) in the pericarp, maintained high levels of ascorbic acid (ASA) and glutathione (GSH), and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the production rate of superoxide anion radical (O2·¯). These findings suggested that 1 g·L-1 α‍-arbutin can sustain the balance of reactive oxygen metabolism and the integrity of cell membrane in the pericarp of post-harvest longan fruit, thereby delaying browning. The results of this work provides theoretical supports for the application of α-arbutin in the preservation of post-harvest longan fruit.

  • Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
    MENG Xiaoyu, FENG Jianwen, HUANG Xinyan, WANG Lin, WU Yawei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(4): 696-706. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.04.0696

    To explore the difference of volatile compounds between the watercore and normal tissue of Qianxuan No.3 apple, and to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of characteristic aroma substances in apple watercore, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and Illumina HiSeqTM high-throughput sequencing techniques were conducted to obtain the metabolome and transcriptome data of the watercore and normal tissue of Qianxuan No.3. Transcriptomics analysis revealed 1 795 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 671 down-regulated genes and 1 124 up-regulated genes. Additionally, 7 genes related to fatty acid synthesis pathway and 8 genes related to alcohol dehydrogenase were explored. In this study, 353 metabolites were detected through widely targeted metabolomics, identifying 20 differential accumulated metabolites, including 8 up-regulated metabolites and 12 down-regulated metabolites. Notably, the relative contents of ethyl hexanoate and nonanal in the apple watercore tissue were significantly higher than those in the normal tissue. The transcriptome-metabolomics association analysis illustrated that 11 DEGs were positively correlated with ethyl hexanoate and nonanal, while 2 DEGs were negatively correlated with ethyl hexanoate within fatty acid synthesis pathway and the alcohol dehydrogenase family. MdFAD6MdADH2MdADH3, and MdADH4 were found to be expressed exclusively in watercore tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that the relative expression levels of these genes in watercore tissues were significantly up-regulated compared to those in normal tissues, suggesting that these genes may play a crucial role in the synthesis pathway of volatile compounds in watercore apples. The differential metabolites and genes identified in this study will not only provide preliminary insights into the biological basis of flavor changes in watercore tissues, but also provide reference information for the quality improvement of watercore apples.

  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
    DENG Ting, DANG Bin, KUANG Jiwei, MA Ping, YANG Jing, YANG Xijuan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(8): 1539-1549. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.08.1539

    ‍This study used an ultrasound-assisted Osborne classification method to isolate highland barley glutenin. The structural, physicochemical, and functional properties were evaluated using various analytical techniques including sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed an intact particle morphology of highland barley glutenin and a loose molecular arrangement with molecular weights distributed within 30-50 and 75-100 kDa. Secondary structure analysis indicated that the highland barley glutenin was mainly composed of β-sheet (35.63%) and β‍-turn (34.31%), with a small amount of α-helix (11.82%) and random coil structure (11.76%). Meanwhile, the isolated glutenin showed good thermal stability, as evidenced by a thermal denaturation temperature of 88.3 ℃ and an enthalpy change value of 169.6 J·g-1. High levels of glutamic acid and proline were found among amino acids, with the essential amino acids constituting 34.35% of the total composition. Furthermore, highland barley glutenin exhibited optimal solubility and water holding capacity at 65 ℃ and pH 7, while moderate salt concentrations (5 g·L-1) enhanced its foaming and emulsifying properties. However, the addition of sucrose significantly reduced its foaming capacity and foam stability. The findings of this study provided a theoretical foundation for the exploitation of highland barley gluten resources and their application in food processing.

  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
    HUANG Fangyan, MAIDINAI Sabier, LI Yue, NIU Xiaomin, LAI Danni, LIU Jingjing, SI Jinping, ZHANG Xinfeng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(4): 773-783. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.04.0773

    To investigate the impact of enzyme hydrolysis on Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua rhizome (PC), this study analyzed the effects of six enzymes (cellulase, papain, pectinase, β-dextranase, xylanase, and hemicellulase) on PC’s total polysaccharides, total saponins, total phenols, and phenolic composition to establish an optimal multi-enzyme combination. Subsequently, the biological activity of PC’s alcohol extract was measured, and correlation analysis was conducted with the main differential substances. The results showed that, papain, β- dextranase, and xylanase notably enhanced the release of phenols and saponins in PC. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of PC’s alcohol extract were significantly improved by the treatment with the multi-enzyme hydrolysis (papain∶β-dextranase∶xylanase=3∶2∶1,P<0.001). Thirteen phenols and one saponin were closely associated with the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of PC and increased significantly following multi-enzyme hydrolysis (P<0.05). These findings confirmed that enzyme hydrolysis was an effective method to enhance the release of components and improve the biological activity of PC, which can provide a method reference for the optimization of PC’s extract.

  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
    LI Mengcheng, LI Ming, GUO Boli, ZHAO Haiyan, TANG Na, XU Rui, WANG Weiwei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(2): 351-359. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.02.0351

    To study the influence of drought and alkali stress on yield and quality of wheat, the yield, thousand kernel weight, bulk density, flour yield, protein content, wet gluten content and farinogenic parameters of 7 wheat varieties planted in alkaline soil and non-alkaline soil were compared. The results showed that under the influence of drought and alkali stress, the average yield, thousand-kernel weight, bulk density, and dough weakening degree of the varieties decreased by 27.32%, 9.21%, 2.82%, and 38.27%, respectively. Meanwhile, the average dry gluten content, dough development time, stability time, and farinograph quality index increased by 9.21%, 48.39%, 479.31%, and 68.00%, respectively. The average flour yield and water absorption rate decreased by 4.89 and 2.02 percentage, respectively, while the average protein and wet gluten content increased by 2.30 and 2.64 percentage, respectively. The results showed that the yield and water absorption of wheat flour were decreased, but the protein content, gluten content, dough formation time, stability time and flour quality were increased. This study can provide data basis for the application and improvement of wheat varieties in arid-alkali soil.

  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
    LU Keyan, MIAO Zeyu, WANG Hongxun, YI Yang, WANG Limei, AI Youwei, MIN Ting
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(10): 1930-1940. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.10.1930

    This study examined the appearance, total phenolic content, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and textural characteristics (including hardness, brittleness, elasticity, and chewiness) to investigate the effects of ice temperature and ice-water mixture on the post-peeling storage quality and braised quality of peeled lotus root. The results indicated that compared to ice temperature storage method, ice-water mixture storage was more effective in inhibiting browning and increasing the content of volatile flavor compounds in the lotus root. Compared with fresh lotus root, lotus root stored using ice-temperature and ice-water mixture methods showed less deterioration in texture, due to the extended storage time and high sensory scores for the braised product. The textural properties of braised lotus root stored at ice temperature remained more stable, while lotus root stored in the ice-water mixture had higher sensory scores in the short term and more stable flavor during storage after braising, although it lost the moisture more quickly. The above findings provided new insights for the selection of storage and preservation techniques for lotus root.

  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
    LIU Xiaoxia, DONG Xiaohan, CHEN Kang, JIN Renyao
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(8): 1523-1531. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.08.1523

    This study used alkaline lipase for defatting to reduce the fishy odor and improve the texture of pre-made dried catfish. The optimal process was obtained via response surface methodology, as well as the enzymatic process on pre-made dried catfish. The results found that the highest degreasing efficiency (5.29% lipid content) was achieved at a pH of 8.8, an enzyme concentration of 27.6 U·mL-1, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 1∶2.9. Comparative analysis with the saponification defatting showed that the lipase method exhibited superior defatting efficacy, resulting in a minimal loss of nutritional components, a bright yellow color, and preserved the unique taste of pre-made dried catfish. This study provided a theoretical basis for the preparation of healthy and nutritious prepared dried catfish.

  • Isotope Tracer Technique·Ecology and Environment·Physiology
    TAO Yujiao, ZHU Qianqian, LI Chen, ZHAO Yiyuan, LIANG Yu, DUAN Ming, MA Fangfang, WANG Juanling
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(6): 1288-1299. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.06.1288

    This study aimed to investigate the effects of different sowing dates on the growth, yield, and quality of foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Three cultivars—Liulenggu (B44), Wild Foxtail Millet (B111), and Xiaoshengbaigu (B112)—were selected and subjected to three sowing dates. The change in the growth stages, yield and quality of foxtail millet under different sowing dates were systematically analyzed. The results showed that delayed sowing prolonged the sowing-to-emergence period, shortened both the overall growth period and the emergence-to-heading period, and maintained a relatively stable duration from heading to maturity. From 2021 to 2023, the coefficients of variation (CV) for the overall growth period of B44, B111, and B112 across different sowing dates ranged from 11.86% to 14.60%, 11.91% to 15.05%, and 7.94% to 17.07%, respectively. The sowing dates had a significant effect on both the yield and quality of the foxtail millet. With a delayed sowing date, there were decreases in panicle weight, grain weight per panicle, 1 000-grain weight, head millet rate, amylose content, and overall yield, while protein content, fat content, flavonoid content, and gel consistency increased. Notably, the CVs for panicle weight and grain weight per panicle exceeded 10%. Additionally, the amino acid content was significantly affected by sowing date, with particularly high CVs observed for glutamic acid content in B44, B111, and B112. This study provides valuable insights for identifying the optimal sowing date to enhance the yield and quality of foxtail millet.

  • ‘Application of Modern Processing Technologies in the Development and Quality Control of Grain Foods’ Column
    SHI Li, WANG Xuebing, SUN Ruoqi, LIU Yonghui, TIAN Yaning, WANG Tong, WANG Lili, WANG Fengzhong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(9): 1627-1635. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.09.1627

    ‍In order to explore the effects of different amylose/amylopectin ratios on starch gel characteristics and digestive behavior, glutinous barley and common barley varieties were selected in the study. Highland barley starches with amylose/amylopectin ratios of 8%, 14%, 20%, and 25% were prepared by extracting the starch and compounding, and to compare their differences in the crystalline structure, pasting characteristics, gel characteristics and digestibility. The results showed that the amylose/amylopectin ratios did not change the crystalline shape of highland barley starch. However, the increased amylose/amylopectin ratios decreased the crystallinity, which resulted in a tight internal structure of the starch and a more stabilized double-helix structure. Meanwhile, the peak viscosity (3 296-4 226 mPa∙s) gradually decreased with the increase of the ratio of amylose/amylopectin, and the the retentate value (481.67-1 604.33 mPa∙s) gradually increased were found during starch pasting. Rheological results showed that there was a weak gelation behavior of starch (G′>G″), and that the enhanced elastic behavior of starch gel increased the hardness and chewiness. As to the digestive properties, the increase of amylose/amylopectin ratios could increase the resistant starch content, and decrease the rapidly digestible starch content, the digestibility of starch and the predicted glycemic index. The results of this study have theoretical value for the development of functional "customized" highland barley starches with specific industrial applications.

  • Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
    LANG Tao, PENG Meifang, LI Ming, PU Zhigang, ZHANG Cong, QU Huijuan, YANG Feiyang, FENG Junyan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(11): 2054-2065. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.11.2054

    To reveal the role of KNOX(ItrKNOX) gene family in the storage root (SR) development of Ipomoea trifida, a close relative of sweetpotato, this study identified the members of ItrKNOX family in I. trifida cv. Y22 at the genome level and analyzed their expressions at different SR development stages by transcriptome sequencing. A total of 12 ItrKNOX genes (ItrKNOXs) distributed on 10 chromosomes were identified. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these ItrKNOXs could be clustered into three categories: Class Ⅰ, Class Ⅱ and Class M. The types and numbers of KNOX genes were conserved in the genomes of four diploid species from the Ipomoea genus, including I. trifidaI. trilobaI. nil and I. purpurea. Among them, I. trifida and I. triloba were closely related. Several cis-acting elements within the promoter regions of ItrKNOXs were found to be associated with plant development, hormones, light and stress. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression patterns of ItrKNOXs were diversified during the SR development of Y22. ‍The Class M gene ItrKNOX12 was almost unexpressed, while ItrKNOX02ItrKNOX03ItrKNOX09 and ItrKNOX10 were highly expressed during root development. The significant up-regulation of ItrKNOX01ItrKNOX02ItrKNOX03ItrKNOX05ItrKNOX09 and ItrKNOX11, as well as the significant down-regulation of ItrKNOX08were observed from adventitious root (AR) to SR stages. Notably, the expression of ItrKNOX06 was significantly up-regulated only after the SR exceeded 2 mm in diameter. Meanwhile, the expression levels of ItrKNOX07 in AR and mature SR were significantly lower than those in developing SRs. This study provides a reference for further research on the function and regulatory mechanism of KNOX genes in sweetpotato and its related wild species I. trifida.

  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
    KAI Jianrong, ZHANG Yao, LYU Yi, WANG Xiaojing, CHEN Chang, WANG Caiyan, GOU Chunlin, LIU Zhi
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(9): 1724-1733. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.09.1724

    This study aims to explore the differences of isotopic fractionation and elemental enrichment of wolfberry between growth periods and plucking times, and to estimate the influence of these changes on origin traceability. Wolfberry fruit samples of 5 growth periods (i.e., fruitlet, green-fruit, early yellowing, late yellowing and ripe stage) and 5 plucking times were collected in 3 producing areas of Ningxia province (Guyuan, Yinchuan, and Zhongning). Four stable isotope ratios and fifty-seven elemental contents were determined. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the differences between growth periods and plucking times. Next, the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) multivariate statistical method was conducted based on isotopic and elemental data of samples to reveal their different scales between sample groups. Significant differences were observed in the δ13C, δ2H, δ18O, and partial multi-elemental signatures of wolfberry fruit samples between growth periods and plucking times (P<0.05). However, these variations had little impact on origin discrimination, with an overall discrimination accuracy of 100% for the three origins. This study could provide theoretical explorations and technique supports for the origin traceability of wolfberry.

  • Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
    KONG Lan, YE Xiuxian, ZHONG Shengyuan, LIN Rongyan, LIN Bing, ZHONG Huaiqin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(11): 2095-2105. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.11.2095

    Floral aroma is a key trait for evaluating the commercial value of Dendrobium. To unveil the formation mechanism of floral aroma in Dendrobium Aozhouxiangshui during different florescences, the change of volatile compounds and its relation to terpenoid synthase gene expression were investigated by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), transcriptomes, and PCR technology. The results showed that a total of 17 volatile compounds were identified. Among them, the contents of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, alpha-pinene, and phenylethyl alcohol were relatively high. The release of floral aroma during the blooming stage exhibited significant circadian rhythm and tissue specificity. Based on RNA sequencing analysis, 77 differentially expressed genes related to terpenoid synthesis were screened, and the full length of DeTPS6 (1 749 bp) was successfully cloned. DeTPS6 contained the conserved domains of the terpenoid synthase family and belonged to the TPS-b subfamily. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that DeTPS6 was localized in the cytoplasm. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that DeTPS6 was highly expressed at the flowering stage with a significant circadian rhythm, which also showed a positive correlation with aroma components content. This study lays the theoretical basis for exploring the biological functions of DeTPS6.