10 May 2019, Volume 33 Issue 5
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 841-847. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0841To clarify the effects of space mutagenesis on soybean agronomic characters, variations in maturity, yield, quality, and disease resistance were compared between space mutagenesis variety Zhexian No.9 and its parent line Taiwan 75. The results showed that, Zhexian No.9 was two days earlier in maturity, 7 cm lower in plant height, 6.1g heavier in fresh 100-pod weight, 2.2 g lighter in fresh 100-seed weight, lighter in fresh pod color. The yield of Zhexian No.9 was significantly increased by 9.4% compared with Taiwan 75. Zhexian No.9 not only retained the excellent sweet-taste quality of its parent line, but also the ability in SMV resistance was greatly improved. When comparing these two varieties using 60 pairs of SSR markers, 10 markers including Satt184, Satt197 and Sat-213 were polymorphic between Zhexian No.9 and Taiwan 75, with a polymorphic rate of 16.7%. Among them, Sat-213 was labeled as molecular marker for RSC15 resistance gene, confirming the improvements of disease resistance of Zhexian No.9 from molecular level. When analyzed with 100 SNP markers, 5 markers were found to have polymorphism. The comparative study on the agronomic characteristics and the polymorphism of molecular markers between Zhexian No. 9 and its parent line gave us sufficient proof of the validity and reliability of space mutation breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 848-854. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0848In order to obtain ideal new germplasm of early indica rice with top spikelet cluster, 12 new germplasms of conventional early indica rice with stable traits and 2-5 panicles of a cluster in apical spikelet are bred by a cross between a conventional mid-season rice mutant with 3 panicles of a cluster in apical spikelet and an early indica rice, ZC1, Zhongjiazao 17, Zhongjiazao 10, Jiaxing 06-6, Wen 814, Wen 922, Taizao 10-02, Fu 017, Z10-08, Zhongjiazao 06 and NZ07-51 weve used as parents in this study. Then, through the identification of leaf blast resistance, growth period, yield, agronomic and panicle traits and rice quality, the germplasms were characterized. The results showed that the 12 new early indica rice germplasms with top spikelet cluster had high clustered grain rate, suitable growth period and high seed setting rate. Among 12 germplasms, C1, C8, C9, C10 and C11 are glutinous rice, and the rest are waxy rice. The leaf blast resistance of C3 and C12 are better, and the 1000 grain weight of C1, C2, C4, C8, C9 and C11 are above 26.0 g. The yields of C1, C5 C6, C7, C9, C10, C11 and C12 are more obvious than the control, and C10 has a potentiality of higher yield. The results of this study provide germplasm resources and technical support for research and breeding utilization of clustered spikelet trait.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 855-862. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0855In order to investigate the mechanism of growth differences between bud mutant of Zhonghong poplar and Quanhong poplar varieties and wild poplar, we used Zhonghong poplar (Populus deltoides Zhonghong, ZHP) originating from the bud sports of L2025 poplar and Quanhong poplar (Populus deltoids Quanhong, QHP) originating from the bud sports of ZHP and the green-leaf wild type L2025 to compare their chloroplast ultrastructure and photosynthetic characteristics. The results showed that the chloroplast basal laminas in the mesophyll cell of ZHP and QHP leaves were significantly decreased and chlorophyll biosynthesis was blocked. The blacked site might be located between Coprogen Ⅲ and Proto Ⅸ, which further caused a significant decrease in photosynthetic pigments in the ZHP and QHP when compared to the wide type. Therefore, the photosynthesis capacities of the mutants were largely reduced, and the net photosynthetic rates were only 62%~73% of the wide type poplar. This study theoretically confirmed the low growth of ZHP and QHP cuttings in production, which provides a certain reference for the promotion and production of color-leaved poplar varieties.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 863-869. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0863In order to analyse genetic divertsities of 72 individuals from five wild male populations of Actinidia eriantha in Jiangxi province of China, we selected 15 pairs of primers with high polymorphism and used polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to detect PCR products based on SSR technique. A total of 86 polymorphic loci were identified using 15 pairs of primers, and 100% of the loci identified were polymorphic. The mean number of observed number of alleles, effect alleles per locus and Shannon's information index was 5.733, 3.002 and 1.046, respectively. Observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and the genetic differentiation coefficient was ranged about 0.042~0.819, 0.041~0.876 and 2.01, respectively, which meant that there were large genetic differences among the wild male A.eriantha populations. The genetic distance and the genetic identity of the five populations were 0.102~0.409 and 0.665~0.903 respectively, and no relationship was observed between genetic distance and geographical distance. The relative richness of genetic diversity among the five wild male A.eriantha populations was as following: Lushanshan >Jingangshan>Nanyuanshan>Wugongshan>Magushan. The results of this study showed that a high level of genetic diversity was existed in male A. eriantha of Jiangxi province, and the results can also be useful for breeding new varieties of A. eriantha and germplasm innovation and utilization.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 870-879. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0870Caffeoyl coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) is a key enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis, has an important influence on the composition and structure of lignin. To investigate its function in lignin biosynthesis, a BlCCoAOMT gene was cloned from Betula luminifera, and its sequence characteristics and expression patterns were analyzed in this study. The genomic sequences of BlCCoAOMT from 73 individuals were analyzed for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection. The results showed that the BlCCoAOMT cDNA was 1114 bp in length with an open reading frame (ORF) of 744 bp. The encoding protein was composed of 247 amino acid residues, which contained all eight conserved motifs of plant CCoAOMTs. The expression levels of BlCCoAOMT were relatively high in lignified stem, and increased with the lignification progressed, suggesting that it might participate in lignin biosynthesis of B. luminifera. The gene expression in TW was significantly down-regulated with the process of bending from 6 hours to 7 days which was consistent with the decrease of the lignin content in TW. In total, 119 SNPs were detected, one SNP among which 26 SNPs located in exons of BlCCoAOMT. The frequency of SNP was one SNP per 14 bp on average, indicating that this gene had abundant SNPs among different genotypes. Genetic divergence of BlCCoAOMT was insignificantly different among the populations, and the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous mutations was less than 1, suggesting that BlCCoAOMT was mainly subjected to purification selection in the evolution process. The present study laid a foundation for in-depth dissection of lignin biosynthesis mechanism and provided theory basis for further molecular marker assisted breeding in B. luminifera.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 880-887. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0880To investigate whether mRNAs of flowering-regulated genes transport from rootstock to scion in head cabbage-Chinese flowering cabbage heterograft, flowering-regulated AGL24 was selected to analyze mRNA transport between rootstock and scion. Head cabbage-Chinese flowing cabbage heterograft was constructed, and AGL24 of Chinese flowing cabbage was indentified from shoot pex from head cabbage scion. Based on transcriptome sequencing data of head cabbage and Chinese flowering cabbage, AGL24 gene sequences of head cabbage and Chinese flowering cabbage were obtained and named BoAGL24 and BrAGL24, respectively. With interspecific differential sequences of BrAGL24 of Chinese flowering cabbage (C1-C7) two BrAGL24 reads of Chinese flowering cabbage were identified from shoot apex RNA-seq library from heterograft (T2). The endogenous transcriptional expression level of BoAGL24 was analyzed based on interspecific differential sequences of BoAGL24 (G1-G7), results indicated the expression level of BoAGL24 was higher in T2 than that in T1. Heterograft not only caused mRNA transport of the BrAGL24 gene from rootstock to scion but also increased the transcriptional expression of the endogenous BoAGL24 in stem apex. It is the first study that identify mRNA transport of BrAGL24 gene of Chinese flowering cabbage, which lays the foundation for further study of molecule mechanism related to AGL24 mRNA transport and promoting scion flowering caused by head cabbage-Chinese flowering cabbage heterograft.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 888-893. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0888In order to explore the inheritance of resistance to barley powdery mildew and locate its resistance QTLs, in the present study, a total of 173 doubled-haploid (DH) lines generated from a cross between a disease-resistant cultivar Gairdner and a susceptible Chinese landrace barley Yangsimai 1 were used to identify the resistance to barley powdery mildew and andyzed its genetic characteristics. A genetic linkage map including 91 pairs of SSR markers with obvious polymorphism between the parents was constructed. QTL mapping for barley powdery mildew was carried out by using the complete interval-additive model (Inclusive Composite Interval-Additive Mapping, ICIM-ADD) method in Windows QTL IciMapping 4.0 software. The results showed that there were abundant genetic variations of barley powdery mildew resistance in the DH population. Five QTLs for the disease index of barley powdery mildew were identified, among which two QTLs (qPM-2Ha and qPM-4Ha ) were detected in all three stages. qPM-2Ha was located in the Bmag0711 ~ AWBMS56 interval, explained 7.48% ~ 12.50% of barley powdery mildew resistant variation; qPM-4Ha was located in the EBmac0906 ~ HVM68 interval, explained 23.07% ~ 32.09% of barley powdery mildew resistant variation; qPM-2Hb was detected in the first and second stages, located in the Bmag0749 ~ GBM1475 interval, explained 6.22% ~ 8.13% of barley powdery mildew resistant variation. qPM-2Ha,qPM-4Ha and qPM-2Hb that enhance the resistance to powdery mildew were derived from Gairdner, the resistant parent, while qPM-3Ha and qPM-4Hb were derived from the susceptible parent Yangsimai 1. Two putative QTLs, qPM-2Hb and qPM-3Ha likely represent new loci for barley powdery mildew resistance. The results have laid a foundation for further exploration, fine mapping, gene cloning and molecular-marker-assisted selection breeding of barley powdery mildew.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 894-901. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0894In order to rapid screen strongly resistant high oleic acid rapeseed varieties, In this study, 20 high oleic acid rapeseed varieties were used as materials,the disease resistance of different materials was investigated,and disease-resistance related genes expression of HSP90 and ATG3 which screened from microRNA sequencing and detected by RT-qPCR, then the relationship between related genes and disease index were analyzed.The results showed that there was a significantly linear positive correlation between incidence and disease index of 20 high oleic acid rapeseed varieties,the expression of HSP90 decreased gradually until the flowering stage, and there were two kinds of expression patterns in the pod stage with Low - high - low and gradually decreased. ATG3 gene expression increased gradually until the flowering stage, and also appeared the same expression patterns with HSP90 in pod stage. When the expression of HSP90 was more than 1.5 times of the reference gene in florescence-leaf, the disease-resistant materials were screened with 95% accuracy. Similarly, when the expression of ATG3 was more than 1.8 times of the reference gene in florescence-flowers, the disease-resistant materials were screened with 80% accuracy. In addition, to combine the expression of HSP90 in florescence-leaf and ATG3 in 5-6 leaf stage leaves can also be used to predict the disease-resistant materials (80% accuracy). The results of this study provids a certain theoretical foundation for screening high oleic acid rapeseed materials with strong disease-resistance in the early stages and promoting the breeding of high oleic acid rapeseed.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 902-910. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0902In order to effectively improve the utilization of the by-products, lignans were extracted from cold-pressed sesame cake with ethanol by ultrasonic-assisted method. Ethanol concentration, solid to liquid ratio, extraction time and ultrasonic power were selected as four main factors. Single factor and response surface experiments designs were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, then Peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AV) and total value (TV) were selected as indicators to determine the antioxidant capacity in lard and rapeseed oil. As a result, the actual optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: ethanol concentration 93%, solid-liquid ratio 1∶10, extraction time 40 min, extraction power 600 W, in which the extraction yield was 563.81 μg·g-1. The antioxidant effects of lignans extracts were better than that of vitamin E (VE), and similar with the effects of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The antioxidant activities of rapeseed oil were generally better than that of lard. The results of this study showed that the lignans extract of cold-pressed sesame cake was a kind of high quality natural antioxidant, which can be used for antioxidation in edible oil.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 911-916. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0911To study the control effects of Chinese bayberry wine on the diarrhea and investigate its mechanism, growth curve method was used to determine the effects on E.coli, S.aureus, and B. subtilis. The antibacterial activities of functional ingredients extracted by ethyl acetate, ether or water were analyzed by in vitro experiments. The anti-diarrheal function of the active ingredients was investigated in a mice model. The results showed Chinese bayberry wine significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of the pathogenic bacteria compared to normal saline or kaoliang spirit, the ethyl acetate extract showed stronger antibacterial and anti-diarrheal action, which could obviously suppress the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and downregulate the expression of IL-8 and TNF-α. In conclusion, Chinese bayberry wine played important roles on anti-inflammation by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. The results of this study will provide important references for disclosing the anti-diarrheal molecular mechanism of Chinese bayberry wine, and supply new clues for exploring the anti-inflammatory active ingredient and its pharmacological action.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 917-926. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0917The juvenile yellow catfish (pelteobagrus fulvidraco) with similar size and body weight were randomly divided into 2 groups. The fish in control groups were fed with a basal diet without fucoidan, and those in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% fucoidan, which was conducted to investigate the effects of fucoidan as supplemented on fatty acid of juvenile P. fulvidraco. The fatty acids profiles of 2 groups during different feeding time (week 1,2,4 and 8) were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). As a result, 15 total fatty acids (TFA) and 17 free fatty acids (FFA) were detected. The Two-way ANOVA analysis showed that C18:1 (n-9), C20:4 (n-5) and C22:6 (n-3) had interactions among TFA, while most of FFAs had interactions in juvenile P. fulvidraco. And feeding time had significant effect on fatty acids (P<0.05) in juvenile P. fulvidraco. Along with the extension of feeding time, the content of free monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were decreased first and then increased, while that of total monounsaturated fatty acids was increased first and then decreased. In both free fatty acids and total fatty acids in juvenile P. fulvidraco, the trend of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was all increased first and then decreased, while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were decreased first and then increased. For TFA, There was significant effect of 0.1% fucoidanonly only on the contents of C18:1 (n-9), C20:4 (n-5) and C22:6 (n-3) (P>0.05) in TFA. However, there was significant effect of 0.1% fucoidan only on the contents of all components in FFA (P<0.05). Compared with control group, SFA level was improved, MUFA level was reduced and the level of PUFA was increased at week 2 and decreased at week 8. In addition, the ratio of C20:3 (n-3)/C22:6(n-3) was less than 0.4, and the content of C22:6(n-3) and C20:4(n-5) fed with fucoidan was obviously higher than that of control group at week 8. The phenomena mentioned above indicated that fucoidan can improve the fecundity and hatching rate of P. fulvidraco, which was helpful to the growth and development of juvenile P. fulvidraco. The results would provided basic data for improving the healthy breeding of P. fulvidraco.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 927-935. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0927To improve fruit texture quality evaluation system of blueberry, fruit texture quality of 22 blueberry varieties were analyzed with whole fruit puncture test and texture profile analysis using texture analyzer. Correlations between the texture parameters were analyzed, and comprehensive evaluation of 22 blueberry cultivars was carried out using principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the 10 quality indicators were greatly different among different blueberry varieties. Peel rupture distance, peel brittleness, peel toughness, hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness, and resilience had high difference between varieties. Meanwhile, peel strength, springiness, and cohesiveness had little difference between varieties. Correlation analysis showed that peel rupture distance was significantly positively correlated with peel strength and peel toughness. Peel brittleness had significant negative correlation with peel toughness and peel rupture distance. Hardness had significant negative correlation with springiness. Chewiness was significantly positively correlated with hardness, adhesiveness, and springiness. Resilience had significant positive correlation with cohesiveness. Fruit hardness, peel brittleness and resilience were screened out using PCA as the core indicators for comprehensive fruit texture quality evaluation of different blueberry varieties. According to the comprehensive evaluation index, comprehensive texture quality of Biggold, Croaton, Bladen, Toro, Sharpblue, Legacy, Oneal, Jersey, Meader, and D-Ⅱ were much better than other varieties. These results would provide an important reference for the selection and breeding of high quality blueberry varieties and their storage, processing and sales.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 936-943. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0936In order to determinate rice consistency rapidly and accurately, the near infrared diffuse reflection(NIRDRS)and Fourier transform infrared diffuse reflection(FTIRDRS)combined with the partial least squares(PLS) was applied in this paper. Then the models were optimized using interval partial least square(iPLS) and reverse interval partial least square(BiPLS) with 107 rice variety. The results showed that the best near-infrared model for rice consistency was preprocess with 7 smoothing points method and BiPLS as optimizing. The coefficient correlation(R2), cross validation mean variances (RMSECV), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and residual prediction deviation(RPD) were 0.964 58, 4.35, 3.68 and 2.66 respectively. Meanwhile, the best mid-infrared model was obtained by MSC preprocessing method and BiPLS optimizing. The model of R2, RMSECV, RMSEP and RPD were 0.965 81, 4.79, 4.73 and 3.42 respectively. In the validation tests, the relative standard deviation of FTIRDRS was about 2.60%, and the relative standard deviation of NIRDRS was about 1.93%. Both models can effectively forecast the consistency of rice grains and have potential to replace national standard method for testing rice consistency.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 944-953. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0944The adsorption characteristics and mechanisms of Cu2+ in an aqueous solution were studied by using Sargassum fusiforme(S. fusiforme)powder as the adsorbent. Which can possibly expand the utilization range of S. fusiforme. The effects of environmental factors (pH, adsorbent concentration, and initial concentration of metal ions and ionic strength) on the removal efficiency of Cu2+ in aqueous solution were investigated through controlled variable method. The adsorption characteristics of Cu2+ were investigated by simulated adsorption kinetics experiment and thermodynamics experiment. The adsorption mechanism of S.fusiforme powder on Cu2+ was analyzed by SEM and FTIR. The results showed that the removal rate of Cu2+ by S.fusiforme powder was 89.27% at 35℃ when the initial concentration and adsorbent concentration were 50 mg·L-1and 1 g·L-1, respectively. When the adsorption time was prolonged to 10 min, the removal rate of Cu2+ reached more than 90%. The adsorption equilibrium was reached when the adsorption time was prolonged to 60 min. The kinetic data of Cu2+ adsorbed by S.fusiforme powder were in accordance with the Quasi-second-order kinetic model, and the correlation coefficients were all above 0.999 0. Langmuir could well fit the equilibrium data obtained by thermodynamic experiments, and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of S.fusiforme powder on Cu2+ was 71.17 mg·g-1. The adsorption of Cu2+ by S.fusiforme powder through different reactions, the functional groups involved in complex reaction mainly were -OH, -NH and -COO—. S.fusiforme powder had a higher removal rate of Cu2+ and showed agood adsorption performance. The regeneration of the adsorbent could be achieved by desorption.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 954-961. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0954In order to study the interaction between protein and polysaccharide and the emulsification of the complex, the composite system of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and water-soluble chitosan (WCS) was studied in this paper, and the mechanism of protein-polysaccharide interaction in microcosmic environment was investigated by ultraviolet absorption spectrum, fluorescence emission spectrum, potential particle size analysis and emulsion storage stability observation. Furthermore, the effects of BSA and WCS on the emulsification properties of oil-in-water emulsion were studied. The results showed that the interaction between polysaccharide and protein varied with pH value and BSA / WCS ratio. The UV absorption peak and fluorescence emission peak of the mixed solution deviated, and fluorescence quenching occurred when the composite ratio was less than 1:2.The results of Zeta potential and average particle size of the mixed solution showed that the complex was mainly formed by electrostatic interaction between BSA and WCS, and the charge properties and size of the complex were dependent on pH value and composite ratio. The study of emulsification of mixed solution showed that when the pH values were 3.0 and 4.0, and the composite ratios were 4:1-1:1, the droplet size of emulsion droplets was small and the properties were stable. When the pH value was greater than 5.0, the droplet size of the emulsion was large, phase separation occurred, and the emulsion was highly unstable. This study provided a theoretical basis for the design of emulsion formulations with predictable stability or irritability and new functional materials.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 962-968. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0962Soybean is a source of high-quality protein. The contents of polypeptide, isoflavones, saponins, γ-aminobutyric acid, vitamin C in soybean increase during the process of germination. And the contents of some anti-nutritional factors will decrease, such as trypsin inhibitor, lectin, lipoxygenase and phytic acid, et. al. Besides, antioxidant activity of soybean, such as the scavenging capacity of DPPH free radical and the reducing power, enhances with the extension of the germination time. Therefore, germination can be used as an important method to improve the nutrition value, digestibility, palatability and biological utilization of soybean and its products. This paper summarized the effects of germination on the bioactive substances, anti-nutritional factors and antioxidant activity of soybean, and outlined the comprehensive application of the germinated soybean. It will clarify the change rules of the bioactive substance during soybean germination and provide a scientific reference for the application of germinated soybean in food.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 969-977. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0969Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play a crucial role in maintaining the sustainability and stability of the soil ecosystem. In order to reveal the influence of no-tillage with mulching and organic fertilization on the diversity of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi after the continuous winter wheat farming for two years, the relationship between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community structure and soil environmental factors under the continuous no-tillage mulching and fertilization management were studied by using illumina miseq platform through high-throughput sequencing method. A total of 4 515 operational taxa (OTUs) of AM fungi were obtained under 97% similarity, belonging to 155 species, 1 phylum, 3 classes, 4 orders, 8 families, 10 genera. Paraglomus, Glomus and Clarithroides were the dominant genera in all treatments. Under the influence of organic fertilizer and no-tillage mulching factors, the relative abundance of Claroideoglomus and Septoglomus were significantly difference among different treatments (P<0.05). Compared with tillage and non-mulching, no-tillage and mulching measures increased the diversity index of AM fungi, but the abundance of AM fungi were decreased under the condition of organic fertilizer, compared with no fertilizer condition. The application of organic fertilizer increased AM fungi richness index, but decreased AM fungi diversity index. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the contents of total phosphorus and the available phosphorus in soil were the main influence factors to the change of the dominant genera abundance of AM fungal communities. The diversity and the abundance of AM fungi were changed by no-tillage mulching and organic fertilization. AM fungi genera with lower abundance in soil, are more susceptible to the influence by organic fertilization management. The interaction of organic fertilization with no-tillage and mulching management had a significant effect on the relative abundance of Claroideoglomus. The response of AM fungal community to tillage, mulch and the organic fertilization management measures are influenced by multiple factors of agriculture management and also influenced by complex interactions with management factors with each other. This study offers a theoretic basis for rational crop no-tillage with mulching and organic cultivation management in the mountain areas of south Ningxia.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 978-987. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0978To explore the differences of photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen utilization efficiency of super hybrid rice in different periods, the photosynthetic characteristics, nitrogen utilization ratio and nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency of 5 representative super hybrid rice varieties in different periods were studied. The results show that the yield of the first three stage super hybrid rice increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application, the yield is the highest at 300 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application, and the yield of the second stage super hybrid rice increased with the increase of fertilizer application, but there was no significant difference between the yield of 390 kg·hm-2 and 300 kg·hm-2. With the increase of nitrogen application, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), specific leaf weight and nitrogen uptake rate (REN) of super hybrid rice were increased first and then decreased, and the photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) and nitrogen partial productivity (PEPN) were decreased gradually. In the super hybrid rice varieties of different periods, leaf nitrogen content and leaf weight were improved remarkably with the evolution of the varieties, but there was no significant change in photosynthetic physiological characteristics and nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency. In summary, the improvement of nitrogen uptake and utilization was greater than that of photosynthetic utilization in super hybrid rice, so the improvement of leaf photosynthetic physiology should be increased in super hybrid rice in the future. The results of this study provides a theoretical basis for the breeding of super hybrid rice.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 988-998. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0988Effects of Cd content in soil on rice yield and Cd accumulation were investigated in paddy field with different pH with three late rice varieties with different Cd content in grains, Tianyouhuazhan (TY), Xing No.2 (X2) and Xiangwanxian No.13 (XW), as materials, and the differences among varieties were compared to probe the response of rice yield and Cd accumulation and distribution to soil pH and Cd content. The results showed that rice yield was decreased with the reduce of soil pH, while the decreasing range was different among varieties; that of X2 was the biggest, 21.72%33.81%, and that of XW was the smallest, 3.05%17.71%. Decrease of rice yield was not significant when Cd of 0.5 mg·kg-1 was added in soil, while it was significant when Cd 1.0 mg·kg-1 was applied in soil, and the decreasing range was related to variety and soil pH; that of X2 and XW was bigger in acidified paddy field, while that of TY was bigger in paddy field with normal pH value. Varietal difference in Cd content in whole plant existed, and Cd content in whole plant of 3 varieties was significantly increased with the increment of soil Cd content and the decrement of soil pH, and the peak value of Cd content in whole plant appeared ahead in the acidified field. Cd content in organs showed the trend of root>stem>panicle>leaf, and which was significantly increased with the increment of soil Cd content, while the increase multiple was different among organs. Cd content in organs was different among varieties, that in vegetable organs showed the trend of X2>TY>XW, while that in panicle follow the order of TY>X2>XW. Cd accumulation in rice leaves, stems, roots and the whole plant was significantly increased with the increment of soil Cd content and decrement of soil pH, and abided by stem>panicle>root>leaf at maturity. Clear difference in Cd accumulation among varieties existed, Cd accumulation in vegetable organs and whole plant showed the trend of X2>XW>TY, while Cd accumulation in panicle had the trend of TY>X2>XW. As for Cd distribution proportion, the biggest was stems, and the smallest was leaves. Under acidified soil condition, Cd distribution proportion of stems and leaves was increased, while that of roots and panicles was decreased. Cd distribution proportion was different among varieties, and Cd distribution proportion in panicles followed the sequence of TY>X2>XW. Comprehensively, rice yield and Cd accumulation and distribution among organs were significantly affected by soil pH and Cd content, at the same time clear varietal difference also existed. This study provides a theoretical basis for application of different rice varieties in paddy fields with different pH and Cd content.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 999-1005. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.0999In order to clarify the effects of growth and photosynthetic characteristics of peanut under drought and salt stress at flowering stage, Huayu25 was used as experimental material set up four treatment: normal water supply (CK: 75% maximum field water holding capacity), moderate drought stress (D: 45% maximum field water holding capacity), salt stress (S: 75% maximum field water holding capacity and soil salinity 0.3%), dry salt co-stress (DS: 45% of the field maximum water holding capacity and 0.3% salt content), potted experiment was carried out to study the change in peanut growth and photosynthetic characteristics due to the stress of drought and saline at flowering stage.The results indicated that comparred with CK, the relative water content,net photosynthetic rate (Pn) were reduced under D treatment and SPAD,optical compensation points (LCP) and dark respiration rate (Rd) were increased.Meanwhile,the relative water content,Pn and SPAD was decreased and LCP and Rd was augmented under S treatment.The trends of the relative water content,Pn,SPAD,LCP and Rd under the treatment of drought-salt double stress (DS) were consistent with S treatment.The indicators of D treatment had no significant difference with CK in 10 days after the rehydration, but DS treatment had significant difference with S treatment.For instance,the relative water content and Pn were decreased by 1.57% and 16.67%, respectively. LCP and Rd was increased 78.07% and 45.78%, separately. DS treatment reduced the Ⅴmax and Tm of peanut main stem height,lateral branch length and plant dry weight.Meanwhile its yield of single plant pod was 41.10% lower than CK.The drought stress and salt stress had significant interactive effects of the yield and kernel rate.The effects of salt stress on the growth of peanut plants were aggravated by drought.Drought was more harmful to peanut growth and yield formation under salt stress.Therefore,the peanut planting in saline-alkali land should be timely irrigated to relieve the stress of salt and drought at flowering stage.Therefore, this study provided a theoretical guidance for reasonable irrigation,high yield and stable yield for the peanut planting in saline-alkali land.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 1006-1015. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.1006In order to investigate the effect of water use efficiency (WUE) on the interaction between water cycle and carbon in ecosystem, we developed a light-response model of intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) and a light-response model of instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEinst) based on a mechanistic model of light-response of photosynthesis, respectively. Meanwhile, both WUEi and WUEinst of soybean (Glycine max) were simulated by the corresponding model. The results showed that WUEinst increased with CO2 concentration, while WUEi did not have such obvious change tendency. Furthermore, the maximum WUEi and WUEinst at 600 μmol·mol-1 were 2.82 and 1.94 times higher than that at 300 μmol·mol-1, respectively. If WUEi and WUEinst were converted into the same unit (e.g. μmol CO2·mol-1 H2O or μmol CO2·mmol-1 H2O), the latter was 39 times or more than the former. Consequently, it is concluded that WUEinst could more truly reflect the WUE of soybean leaves. Moreover, this study provides a mathematical tool for quantitative investigation of the variation of WUE of plant leaves.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 1016-1023. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.1016In order to investigate the regulating effect of polypeptidase activity promoter on the yield and quality of the raw-edible sweet potato, a field experiment was conducted by using the raw-edible sweet potato varieties Longshu 9 and Sushu 8. Each cultivar received one of the following treatments: CK-no application of the polypeptidase activity promoter throughout the entire growth period; P1-root dipping prior to planting and foliar spraying at 40 days after planting with the polypeptidase activity promoter; P2-root irrigation when planting and foliar spraying at 40 days after planting with the polypeptidase activity promoter. The effects of polypeptidase activity promoter on the dry matter accumulation and distribution, root yield, and quality were estimated. The results show that P1- and P2-treated plants exhibited considerably higher leaf SPS activity, sucrose content during mid- and late-growth stages, and plant and root dry weights at harvest than CK-treated plants. At harvest, distribution portion of dry matter in the lateral branches and roots of Longshu 9 plants were not significantly different under different treatments. Distribution portion of dry matter in nether leaves of main stem and nether stem of main stem in Longshu 9 P1- and P2-treated plants was significant lower than that in CK-treated plants. For cultivar Sushu 8, distribution portion of dry matter in nether leaves of main stem, nether stem of main stem, lateral branches and growth point of lateral branches in P2-treated plants was significant lower than that in CK- and P1-treated plants. Compared with CK- and P1-treated plants, the distribution portion of dry matter in tuberous roots of P2-treated plants was significantly increased by 8.98% and 6.23% for cultivar Sushu 8, respectively. At harvest, the soluble sugar content of P2-treated plants for Longshu 9 showed no significant difference with that in P1-treated plants and was significantly decreased by 5.22% compared with CK-treated plants. The starch content of P2-treated plants for Longshu 9 was significantly increased by 18.76% and 9.23% compared with CK-and P1-treated plants. The dry matter contents of tuberous roots of P2-treated plants for Longshu 9 showed no significant difference with that in P1-treated plants. Compared with CK treated plants, the dry matter contents of tuberous roots of P1- and P2-treated plants for Longshu 9 significantly increased by 4.56% and 5.71%, respectively. The soluble sugar content of tuberous roots for Sushu 8 showed no significant difference among different treatments whereas the starch content and dry matter contents of tuberous roots in P2-treated plants showed no significant difference with that in P1-treated plants. Compared with CK-treated plants, the starch content and dry matter content of tuberous roots in P2-treated plants were significantly increased by 6.13% and 4.51%, respectively. Compared with CK- and P1-treated plants, the root yield of P2-treated plants were significantly increased by 30.46% and 14.42% for cultivar Longshu 9 and by 27.72% and 11.69% for cultivar Sushu 8, respectively. In conclusion, application of polypeptidase activity promoter improved the root yield and starch content in tuberous roots of raw-edible cultivars. P2-treated plants exhibited the highest increase in root yield and the regulation effects of soluble sugar content in tuberous roots was different among cultivars. This study provides a theoretical basis for industrial development of raw-edible sweetpotato both in quality and in efficiency and for the technologies of ecological planting.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 1024-1031. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.1024In order to investigate effect of H2S on root characteristics of chestnut (Castanea mollissima) seedlings under drought stress, the chestnut seedlings of Huangpeng were used as experimental material, the antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD, CAT, APX) activities, the content of MDA and H2O2, and the respiration metabolism enzymes (MDH, PFK, G-6-PDH) activities were analyzed under drought stress induced by 15% PEG and treated with the H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and scavenger hypothiosulfate (HT) in this study. The results showed that under the treatment of 0.5 mmol·L-1 NaHS+15% PEG for 24 h, compared to 15% PEG treatment, the activity of SOD, POD, CAT and APX in root was increased by 19.64%, 24.67%, 56.91% and 16.29%, respectively; the proline content increased by 15.25%; the contents of MDA and H2O2 were significantly decreased by 26.52% and 20.86%, respectively; and the activities of MDH, PFK and G-6-PDH were significantly increased by 27.28%, 23.14%, 15.36%, respectively. However, the addition of H2S scavenger HT reversed the above effects. The results showed that appropriate concentration of exogenous H2S was favorable to reduce membrane lipid peroxidation damage and alleviate inhibition of respiratory metabolism in the root of chestnut seedlings under drought stress, thus improving the adaptability of chestnut seedlings to drought stress. This study provided a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of H2S alleviating drought stress in chestnut trees.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 1032-1037. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.1032In order to investigate the effects of liquid seaweed bio-fertilizer on yield, quality and antioxidant activities of strawberry, the variety of strawberry named beauty was selected as experimental materials, which was sprayed with different concentrations of new seaweed bio-fertilizer with water was used as control. After spraying, the yield of strawberry was calculated, and the soluble solids, titratable acid, sugar acid ratio, reducing sugar, hardness, ascorbic acid, total phenolics, anthocyanin and flavonoids in strawberry fruit were measured. The results of yield showed that the yield of strawberry increased with different concentrations of seaweed bio-fertilizer. The fruit weight, the number of fruit and yield of strawberry were significantly increased by 42.96%, 14.67% and 63.93% in the 1 500 times seaweed bio-fertilizer treatment, respectively, compared with the control group(P<0.01). The results of quality showed that under different concentrations of seaweed bio-fertilizer treatment, different concentrations of seaweed fertilizer processing, quality indicators soluble solids, sugar acid ratio, reducing sugar, the hardness reached the maximum after treated with seaweed bio-fertilizer of 1 500 times, which were significantly improved compared with the control group and higher than the two other kinds of seaweed fertilizer(P<0.05). low concentration (2 5001 500 times) of seaweed bio-fertilizer had a positive effect on antioxidant activities. Vc content reached the maximum value at the treatment of 1 500 times, and increased by 50.20% compared with the control. The anthocyanins and flavonoids significantly improved under the 2 500 times, which increased by 42.00% and 30.56% compared with the control, respectively, while the high concentration (1 000500 times) were suppressed(P<0.01). To sum up, the algae bio-fertilizer can increase strawberry yield, quality and the content of antioxidant substances. This study provided a theoretical basis for the large-scale production and application of the new seaweed bio-fertilizer.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(5): 1038-1047. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.05.1038To explore physiological mechanism of the influence of the aqueous extract of mustard on seed germination and early seedling growth of continuous cropping cowpea, pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of aqueous extract of mustard with different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40 g·L-1)on cowpea seed germination and cowpea seedling growth indexes, indexes of root morphology, protective enzyme activities of leaf and soil properties under the condition of five-year continuous cropping. Results showed that the high concentration (40 g·L-1) of aqueous extract of mustard had strong inhibition on seed germination and radicle growth, and germination rate, vigor index, radicle length and the number of radicle decreased by 85.70%, 82.66%, 36.15% and 46.54%, respectively. However, low concentration (10 g·L-1) of aqueous extract of mustard significantly promoted the growth of seed radicle, and the radicle length and the number of radicle increased by 44.84% and 80.82%, respectively. Cowpea seedling height, stem diameter, dry weight, fresh weight and strong seedling index could be significantly increased by watering continuous cowpea cropping soil with aqueous extract of mustard, and those growth indexes under the lower concentration were increased by 60.33%, 12.24%, 85.87%, 77.31% and 50.82%, respectively. In addition, root morphology indexes of cowpea seedling such as root length, root surface area, root volume and the number of root tip were also improved to varying degrees. The comprehensive index of cowpea seedlings under the treatment of low concentration aqueous extract of mustard was the best. The treatment of aqueous extract of mustard could promote the explosion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and promote the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of the seedlings. The content of hydrogen peroxide, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities decreased and peroxidase (POD) activity increased with the concentration of aqueous extract of mustard growing, while glutathione reductase (GR) activity without obvious regularity. Meanwhile, the aqueous extract of mustard also increased soil pH and decreased soil electrical conductivity, and increased soil enzyme activities. Sucrose and acid phosphatase activities increased with increasing of the concentration. To sum up, extracts with low concentration improved the seed germination of cowpea but inhibited by high concentration of extracts, and significant allelopathic effect were found between mustard and cowpea. The aqueous extract of mustard promoted the cowpea seedling growth and alleviated the harm of continuous cropping of cowpea seedling, so as to improve the ability to resist continuous cropping of cowpea seedling through improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes of cowpea seedling and improving the cowpea root environment. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for studying mechanism of the effect of mustard leaching solution on the hazard of cowpea.
