20 February 2010, Volume 24 Issue 1
-
Select all|
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0001
A lesion mimic mutant, obtained by radiation mutagenesis on the seeds of a japonica rice variety Zhejing 22, exhibited a lesion mimic phenotype during the whole growth stage under different environments. Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant trait was controlled by a single recessive gene named spl(t). Relying on simple sequence repeat (SSR) and recessive class analysis method to map the spl(t) gene with a F2 population was constructed by crossing the mutant spl(t) with Zhenshan97B. spl(t) was mapped in the interval of 0.8cM between RM7195 and RM27929 near centromere region on the short arm of chromosome 12. Blue dyed trypan analyses indicated that the lesion mimic trait of the mutant was caused by the programmer cell death. Further study showed that the programmer cell death was caused by H2O2 oxidative burst. By inoculation of bacterial leaf blight and blast strains, the resistances of the mutant were similar to the wild variety Zhejing 22.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 7-11. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0007
Dry seeds of two soft rice cultivars, Yunjing 20 and H559, were carried out for mutagenesis by spaceflight for 15d. The mutagenic effects of SP3 generation in 1000-grain weight and grain shape were analyzed. The range of 1000-grain weight was between 20.66g～28.34g with a mutagenic rate of 11.7% and 10% for Yunjing 20 and H559, respectively. Variation range of grain length was between 5.0mm～7.6mm, mutagenic rate was 15% and 12% respectively, Variation range of grain width was between 2.9mm～3.9mm, mutagenic rate was 13.5% and 10% respectively. It was further analyzed that 1000-grain weight was notable positive correlation with both grain length and grain width, coefficient were respectively 0.87 and 0.42. So 1000-grain weight and grain shape were induced by space mutation, and new materials of high 1000-grain weight were obtained.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 12-19. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0012
The mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA ) were analyzed between two male sterile lines, anther outside floret and anther inside floret with same Ae.bicornis cytoplasm in wheat by RAPD technique, and two specific bands S32-1582 and OPAA16-1753 were screened, and they were then cloned and sequenced. The results showed that the differences were found between mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) of two male sterile lines, but there was no difference in their chloroplast DNA(ctDNA). Transfering the male sterile line of anther outside floret to one of anther inside floret line revealed that it was most likely due to the autonomic rearrangement of mtDNA. The sequences of S32-1582 and OPAA16-1753 were homologous with the nuclear genome sequence. The results indicated that the test plant mitochondrial genome mutated in a relatively short period of time, thus caused bicornis sterility with anther outside floret to anther inside floret, and specific nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction probably might play an important role in the process.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 20-24. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0020
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from pepper CMS line ‘NorthA’, maintainer line ‘NorthB’ and their hybrid were analyzed and compared by AFLP technique. 9 fragments were obtained. All of the 9 specific fragments were cloned and sequenced. BLAST analysis in GenBank revealed that partial sequences shared above 90% identity with NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, ribosomal protein L2 Nicotiana tabacum: nad4L-orf25 intergenic sequence of Petunia × hybrida mitochondrial DNA at nucleotide level. It was speculated that the specific fragments might be related to CMS in pepper.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 25-30. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0025
The effects of the irradiated pollen assisting pollination technique on seedsets of the lily ‘pollyanna’ (♀)× Lilium dauricum were investigated. A number of fruits and plump seeds were produced by using the normal stigma pollination ，which indicated that the cross was a compatible cross. The application of 1000 and 2500Gy irradiated pollen assisting pollination increased the seedset obviously，which showed that this method could overcome the cross barriers effectively. More seedsets means that more excellent individuals might be selected from more F1 hybrids. 15 random F1 individuals were selected for parentage identification by ISSR-PCR technique. Total 372 bands were generated from 6 primers’ ISSR-PCR amplification, in which 114 bands were the male parent characteristic bands 67 were the female parent characteristic bands, 65 were the parents common bands, and ISSR analysis showed that they were really hybrids.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 31-35. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0031
Ginkgo biloba L. sex differentiation of tissue-cultured plantlets was regulated with gibberellin(GA3) and ethephon, and its male and female were identified by superoxide dismutase(SOD) isoenzyme, esterase(ES) isoenzyme, peroxidase(POD) isoenzyme and ATP content. Results indicated that: There had no obvious difference in SOD isoenzyme, ES isoenzyme and ATP content between male and female. But POD isoenzyme had obvious and steady difference between them and could be an indication to identify the male and female in Ginkgo tissue-cultured plantlets. GA3 and ethephon used in tissue-cultured plantlets could induce the variation of sexual ratio. GA3 could induce more male plants and male rate was the highest at 10 mg•L-1 GA3. More female plants were induced by ethephon and the highest female rate was achieved at ethephon concentration of 5 mg•L-1.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 36-40. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0036
Sprout rhizomes and plumelet rhizomes of Laiwu ginger were irradiated with 60Co γ-ray at different doses (20, 25, 30 and 35 Gy), and the variations at the VM1 , VM2, andVM3 generations were studied. The results showed that the inhibition effect of γ rays on the VM1 generation materials was found to be increased as the dose increased, and the sprout rhizomes were more sensitive to γ-irradiation than the plumelet rhizomes. The LD50 and LD60 dose of plumelet rhizomes were 20 and 25 Gy, respectively, and the optimum irradiation dose was 25 Gy. The LD50 and LD60 dose of sprout rhizomes were below 20 Gy. Seven types of mutants were found and selected in VM2 generation. The induced mutation characters were unstable in the VM3 generation.Three mutant lines（GDC2531,PZC3026, ZLX2007）selected from VM 3 generation showed high yield and fresh weight of rhizomes increased 33.5%, 27.5% and 24.9%, respectively compared to CK.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 41-45. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0041
Mutant 1055Y1 was obtained from the phosphate-dissolving bacteria Bacillus subtilis X1055 by UV mutation. Compared with that of the original strain, the phosphate-dissolving ability of the mutant was increased by 17.8%, and the available phosphate content reached 5.22mg/L in the broth liquid cultured for 72h. Based on two single-factor experiments of the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources screening, the phosphate-dissolving ability of the mutant was evidently affected by inoculum, pH, KCl concentration through the Plackett-Burman analysis. The phosphate-dissolving medium of the mutant 1055Y1 was optimized by the steepest ascent procedures and Box-Behnken analysis. The result showed that the available phosphate content in the mutant broth liquid came to 7.03mg/L under the condition of 10.21mL of inoculum, pH 6.75, and 0.12g/L of KCl in 250mL broth.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 46-49. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0046
In this study, the mutant SP06-31 obtained by the four generations of continuous self pollination and its control L06-30 were used as materials. The experiment was conducted to study the viability and ultrastructure of pollen grains by scan electron microscopy. The surface of parts of pollen grains had uncertain particulate matter and the shapes changed. These results indicted that space environment could induce the changes of pollen grains of offspring of sweet pepper.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 50-54. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0050
The bulbs of Iris hollandica ‘Zhan chi’ were irradiated with 60Coγ -rays in this study, using group indexes of damages to the growth and development for statistical investigation, such as emergence rate of seedlings, survival rate and plant height, morphological changes and so on. The results showed that the damaging effects of irradiation on plant were gradually strengthened as the doses increased within the range from 3 Gy to 10 Gy. Moreover, the sensitivity to irradiation of the small bulblets was stronger than those of big ones. Besides, the irradiation still had great effects on the blossom of regenerated plants from M2 generation, and those under 7 Gy presented highest variation rate and survival rate, with excellent single mutant obtained. According to these results, the suitable irradiation dose to the young bulbs of Iris hollandica ‘Zhan chi’ could be determined within the range from 7 Gy to 8 Gy.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 55-61. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0055
In this paper, the progress on the researches of transgenic alfalfa in the past two decades has been reviewed in the aspects of regeneration system, transformation, improvement of the important traits and so on. Moreover, such problems as variation of transgene expression and safety of transgenic plant have also been discussed and propose has been given for the future research work.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 62-66. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0062
In this paper, the research advances in induced mutation methods such as γ-rays, ion beam implantation, space mutation and assisted selection in pasture mutation breeding were reviewed in the aspects of mutagenesis mechanism, induced biological effect, mutant germplasm creation and mutant variety development. The perspective of new induced mutation techniques in pasture was also discussed.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 67-72. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0067
γ-rays was used to irradiate the corn cob fermented with Schizophyllum commune, and the effect of irradiation under different conditions on extraction rates and rheological properties of schizophyllan were studied. The results showed that, in the irradiation dose range of 5～20kGy, the extraction rate of schizophyllan was increased with the increases of material’s moisture content under a fixed irradiation dose, the highest yield of schizophyllan was 7.95% at the moisture content of 60% and 10kGy irradiation. η0 values of schizophyllan solution were decreased with the increase of irradiation dose. At the conditions of 15.0% moisture and 20kGy irradiation, the zero-shear viscosity η0 reachs a minimum value of 10.79 Pa•s. Irradiation treatment also significantly effected the viscoelasticity of schizophyllan solution, the data of G’, G” and their intersection point-Gx showed similar tendency as that of η0. In conclusion, γ-rays irradiation could degrade and solubilize schizophyllan in fermented corn cob.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 73-77. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0073
Using the starch and powder of sweet potato of Xiangshu 86 and Xiangshu 541 as materials, the effects of 60Co γ-irradiation on the structure of starch particle and the efficiency of saccharification were studied. The results showed that some reticulate flaws appeared in the surface of irradiated starch particles, and the reticulate flaws were increased with the increase of irradiation doses. The content of reducing sugar and total soluble sugar in both starch and the powder were obviously increased along with the increase of irradiation dose ranged from 50 to 1200 kGy. The saccharification efficiency of Xiangshu 86 and Xiangshu 541 was obviously difference at the dose lower than 500 kGy, and then the efficiency showed the similar trends at a higher dose irradiation, the saccharification rate reached the highest value after the treatment with 1200 kGy irradiation.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 78-82. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0078
593 aromatic rice accessions originated from different regions were comparatively studied by analyzing their starch rapid visco analyser (RVA) characters. The result indicated that among the tested aromatic rice accessions there were significant diversities in pasting properties of rice starch except peak time and pasting temperature. The coefficient of variance (CV) of final viscosity of aromatic waxy rices reached 42.9, the CV of setback of aromatic indica and japonica rices reached 71.9 and 76.1, respectively. There were clear differences in frequency distributions of the RVA profile character. The generalized Shannon-wiener genetic diversity index of each character was calculated and all of indices were more than 1.0, Among them the peak viscosity and final viscosity of aromatic waxy rices reached 2.02 and 2.01, the setback of aromatic indica rices and the aromatic japanica rices reached 2.09 and 1.99，respectively.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 83-87. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0083
The effects of lacking and overplus of manganese (Mn) on the yield and the quality of the tomato were researched by designing different concentration of manganese sulfate and determining the yield and the items related to flavor quality under different Mn concentration. The results showed that both lacking and overplus of the Mn could decrease the chlorophyll content and the yield significantly, the chlorophyll content were 57.31％ and 61.50％ as the control separately, the yield were 58.25％ and 68.35％; SOD and POD activity in the leaves were decreased, but the MDA content were increased by 71.07％ and 40.71％ respectively. In the fruit two treatments made the acid increase 37.4％ and 40.1％, soluble substance decrease 17.51％ and 13.19％, Vc content decrease 31.94％ and 9.45％ separately. Moreover the lycopene content decreased by about 34％, the content of total phenolics and total flavonoid decreased by 30％-35％, antioxidative capacity were also been decreased significantly. In addition, the types of the aroma compounds in the fruit treated by 2 treatments were less than the control. These results indicated that suitable manganese is the guarantee of high yield and quality of the tomato.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 88-92. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0088
This article gives an overview of present status of the technique of food irradiation and its development, hygienic safety and labeling issue of food irradiation. Hygienic safety of irradiated food is described in detail, suggestions on improving QC and standard system for irradiated food in China are also mentioned.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 93-97. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0093
In the current paper, the basic physicochemical properties of rice starch were briefly summarized, international and national markets for rice starch and advances in the products of R & D of rice starch were mainly introduced, which provide the references for comprehensive utilization of rice starch.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 98-103. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0098
The soil quality of the northeast black soil cultivated slopes has been degenerated seriously due to soil erosion. An understanding of the spatial distribution of soil erosion is important for designing conservation programs and deepening the soil erosion rules. In this paper, the spatial distribution of soil erosion intensity on a long and straight cultivated slope was studied using 137Cs measurement and wavelet analysis. The results showed that there existed an fluctuant period of soil erosion intensity with 142m along 4 transects downslope, which suggested that the intensity of soil transporting changes between weak and strong alternately downslope during the impact of long-term erosive rainfall. Moreover,the average erosion rate within the study area was 3054t*km-2*a-1,the best fitting result (R2>0.96) of the soil erosion rates on the four transects is the sum of sine function. It is further convinced the correctness of the fluctuant of the erosion intensity on the study slope.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 104-107. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0104
Field experiments were conducted to study rice yield, N uptake and fate by using 15N-urea at transplanting leaf age of 2-, 4- and 6-leaf, respectively. The results showed that rice yield significantly decreased with delay of transplanting leaf age, and 15N-fertilizer uptake by grain and straw of rice, nitrogen utilization and residue also decreased, but loss 15N-fertilizer increased. Under different transplanting leaf age, N absorption by rice mainly came from the soil. Almost 1/3 of total N was supplied by fertilizer, and 2/3 came from soil. The efficiency of fertilizer was 20.8%~25.7%, 15N-fertilizer residue ratio was 17.9%~32.2%, and 15N-fertilizer loss was 42.1%~61.3%. 15N-fertilizer Residue mainly distributed in 0~20 cm top soil under different treatments. The results indicated that transplanting young leaf age could increase rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency, and decrease loss of nitrogen fertilizer and pollution level on environment.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 108-141. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0108
Enzyme activities and nutrient changes and their relevance in arable layer soil（0-20cm）of dryland wheat field was explored at the long-term fertilizer experiment base under different fertilization in 30 years（1979-2008）. The results showed that, compared with the single application of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer , soil invertase, phosphatase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity were enhanced as well as the content of soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic matter in the treatment of wheat straw with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, while the content of total potassium reduced. Activity analysis showed that the correlation of enzyme activities was significant between sucrose and phosphatase, catalase, between phosphatase and catalase, the coefficients separately were 0.6747,0.5878, 0.6414(n=9), but no significance was found between other activities. positive correlation of nutrients content and enzyme activities was between total nitrogen and,sucrose, catalase, between total phosphorus and organic matter and phosphatase, the coefficients separately were 0.9969,0.9997,0.9998,0.9863 (n = 9), negative correlation of nutrients content and enzyme activities was between total phosphorus and organic matter and polyphenol oxidase, the coefficients separately were 0.9945,0.9587 (n = 9),bno correlation was found between total potassium and invertase, phosphatase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 108-113. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0108
The effect of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on stable nitrogen isotope abundance (δ15N-‰), nitrate and nitrate reductase active was studied for the soil,cucumber and leaf, respectively. The results showed that the δ15N of cucumber was with the trend of low, high and low as the application rate of organic manure decreased, and it was significantly different (p<0.05) between pure chemical fertilizer treatment with 60% and 40% organic manure treatment for the first sampling, also with CK for the second sampling, and only with 60% organic manure treatment for the final sampling, however which was not significantly (p>0.05) for the other treatments. The δ15N of cucumber was not significantly different during different harvest time（p>0.05）for the same treatment.The correlation of δ15N between the cucumber and the leaf was 0.9836 for the different treatment, whose δ15N was more affected more by the fertilizer and less by the soil. The content of nitrate in cucumber was reducing with the rate of organic manure decreasing, which had a bad correlation (r=0.6568) with the δ15Nof cucumber; however the active of nitrate reductase was increasing which had a positive correlation with the treatments of control treatment, 100%, 80% and 60% of organic manure applied (r=0.9187), and a negative correlation with the treatments of 60%, 40%, 20% of organic manure and 100% chemical fertilizer applied (r = -0.9773). To sum up, the δ15N can be used as marks to discriminate the cucumbers grown with organic manure and chemical fertilizer, but the pattern of fractionation and distribution of the stable nitrogen isotope should be further studied.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 114-117. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0114
Effects of different concentrations of Ce(SO4)2 on the seedling growth of waxy corn were studied under simulated acid rain．The results showed that, compared with the corresponding controls, 0.8～100 mg/L Ce(SO4)2 treatment could raise plant dry weight, increase chlorophyll content, enhance root activity, and promote root growth, but could inhibit MDA content and reduce cell permeability under simulated acid rain．The results indicated that appropriate concentration of Ce(SO4)2 treatment could enhance the resistance of waxy corn to acid rain stress，and 20 mg/L Ce(SO4)2 treatment was the optimal among all the treatments．
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 118-124. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0118
Foliar spraying at different levels of Na2SeO3 (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400μg/ml) and (CH3COO)2 Zn·2H2O (0, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.2%) was carried out to determine the effects of Se, Zn and their interaction on the contents of Se, Zn and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of tea leaves in different seasons. The result showed that: (1) The content of Se in tea leaves was much higher in spring than that in summer, and the content of Se in autumn was the lowest. The content of Se in tea leaves in spring, summer and autumn was relatively high when the spraying concentration of Se was in the range of 200~400μg/ml and Zn was in the range of 0.2%~0.4%. The content of Zn in tea leaves was relatively high with treatments of Se（50~100μg/ml）or Zn（0.8%~1.2%）.The content of Se and Zn in different seasons was also relatively high when Se (100~200μg/ml) and Zn (0.4%~0.8%) were sprayed together. (2)The PPO activity of tea leaves was much higher in summer than those in spring and in autumn, and the PPO activity was the lowest in autumn. The PPO activity of tea leaves in spring, summer and autumn was relatively high when the spraying concentration was 100~200μg/ml for Se, 0.4%~0.8% for Zn and their interaction. But there was no obvious improvement in the PPO activity of tea leaves in spring and summer with foliar spray at the concentration of Se（400μg/ml）or Zn（0.2%、1.2%）. However, the PPO activity of tea leaves in autumn had not obviously increased when the concentrations of Se were 50μg/ml, 400μg/ml and Zn was 0.2%, and 1.2%. At the low concentration of Zn (0.2%) combined with the low level of Se (50μg/ml) and the high concentration of Se combined with the different concentrations of Zn (0.2%~0.8%)，the Se-Zn interaction had no obvious effects on PPO activity.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 125-129. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0125
15N isotope tracing technique was used to estimate the effect of planting soybean on the profit and loss of soil nitrogen. Results showed that the nitrogen harvest rate of soybean was quite high and 70.4%～88.6% of total nitrogen was transported to seeds, which led to the loss of soil nitrogen; and the average loss of soil nitrogen were 39.2kg/hm2 for straw returning and 49.2kg/hm2,for no straw returning treatments, respectively. a significant linear correlation was found between nitrogen fixation rate and the profit/loss of soil nitrogen. The loss of soil nitrogen was less with higher nitrogen fixation rate, which would reach the breakeven point of the profit and loss of soil nitrogen when nitrogen fixation rate was 71.5% for straw returning treatment, and 80.9% for no straw returning treatment.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 130-135. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0130
In order to determine the models of incorporating Astragalus sinicus into soil, the studies were conducted on the effect of different incorporating models of Astragalus sinicus on soil microbial quantity, microbial activity and enzyme activity during different growing periods of tobacco. The experiments were carried out by three full-thickness tillage models, with 1500kg/667m2 Astragalus sinicus on soil surface, with 1500kg/667m2 Astragalus sinicus deep in soil and without Astragalus sinicus in soil. The results showed that the number of aerobic bacteria decreased rapidly at the early tobacco growth stage, and slowly increased at the middle growth stage and then slightly fluctuated. The quantity of aerobic bacteria in soil with 1500kg/667m2 Astragalus sinicus deep in was more than that covered with 1500kg/667m2 Astragalus sinicus on surface. The amount of fungi decreased during the whole tobacco growth period. The amount of fungi in soil covered with 1500kg/667m2 Astragalus sinicus on surface could be increased during early tobacco growth period. The quantity of fungi in soil with 1500kg/667m2 Astragalus sinicus deep in did not change that much. The quantity of actinomycetes decreased at the early tobacco growth stage, followed by a sharply increase at the middle tobacco stage, and finally gradually increased at the late tobacco stage. The quantity of actinomycetes in soil covered with 1500kg/667m2 Astragalus sinicus on surface was more than the treatment with Astragalus sinicus deep in, and more than that without Astragalus sinicus. Microbial activity decreased at early tobacco stage, and continually increased at the later stages. Until the later tobacco stage，the microbial activity in soil covered with 1500kg/667m2 Astragalus sinicus on surface was more than that deep in, and more than the treatment without Astragalus sinicus. Cellulase activity increased before vigorous growing stage and decreased after then. Cellulase activity in soil with Astragalus sinicus was more than that without Astragalus sinicus. Urease activity dropped sharply, followed by slightly increase, and then increased sharply at late growing stage. Urease activity was the highest in soil with 1500kg/667m2 Astragalus sinicus deep in. Activities of protease and catalase were not affected seriously during the whole growth period, which decreased slightly at the early growth stage and were higher in soil with 1500kg/667m2 Astragalus sinicus deep in than those of the other treatments. Results suggested that full-thickness tillage with 1500 kg/667m2 Astragalus sinicus deep in soil was the optimal way to improve soil quality.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 142-148. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0142
The experiment of split-plot design with main treatments of potassium application and sub treatments of different stage water supplement was conducted to study the effect of above treatments on potato yield and Water use efficiency (WUE) in semi-arid area. The results showed that water consumption of potato during the growing season concentrated in the 80cm soil depth mainly. The change of water content below 80 cm layer was not significant and was blmost not absorbed by potato basically. Under the condition of water supplement when seedling stage and the potassium application rate at 150kg/hm2, Water use efficiency (WUE) at population and yield level of potato were the highest, 41.71 and 94.21kg/mm·hm2 respectively, and the yield were also the highest(36324.97 kg/hm2), however WUE at leaf level was the lowest.
-
TRANSPORTATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF 14C-RESERVES ON DIFFERENT GENOTYPE WHEAT VARIETIES AFTER ANTHESISJ4. 2010, 24(1): 149-153. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0149
Transportation and distribution of 14C-reserves among different stay-green wheat varieties were studied by labelled flag leaf with 14CO2 before anthesis. The results showed that about 80%-90% of 14C-reserves, which assimilated before anthesis, had been kept in the stems and rachises at anthesis, and only 10%-20% remained in the leaves; after anthesis, these reserves were transported to the kernels. At maturity, 14C-reserves in the leaves were almost entirely exported, but about 60%-80% 14C-reserves remained in the stems and rachises, and about 20%-40% was distributed into the kernels. The 14C-reserves in stay-green wheat was transported early from the leaves and stems, and the stay-green wheat YM66 has stored 40% of 14C-reserves in the kernels at mature stages, which was much more than that in the varieties of XY22 and WM6.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 154-159. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0154
Correlation, cluster, principal component and discrimination analysis techniques were used to study the relationship between several morphological indexes and drought resistance of wild, semi-wild and cultivated soybean. The results showed that under drought stress, plant height, plant weight, branchy number, pods/plant, seeds/plant, 100-seeds weight and yield/plant declined in different degrees, while the nodes position of yellowing abscission leaves increased depending on the tested genotypes. Drought resistance coefficients were significantly positively correlated to plant height, plant weight under drought stress, and were significantly negatively correlated with nodes position of yellowing abscission leaves. Principal component analysis was performed to select the first three principal components and their cumulative contribution of variance accounted for 88.38%. Cluster analysis had been used to classify the drought resistance of soybean, and by means of discrimination analysis, such indexes as relative plant height, nodes position of yellowing abscission leaves, relative seeds weight, surface hairs on downer of leave blade and drought resistance coefficient were selected. 15 different soybean genotypes were classified into high resistance, medium resistance, sensitive and high sensitive groups according to these indexes. Wild and semi-wild soybean belonged to high resistance, so it is important to utilize the excellent and drought tolerant germplasm breeding the new soybean varieties.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 160-165. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0160
The salt resistance of seven cotton varieties which are widely grown in Xinjiang, China was evaluated by measuring their germination potential, germination rate of seeds and growth of the seedling under solution-cultured condition at three NaCl levels. Salt-tolerance was investigated by membership function method. The evaluation results of the seven varieties salt resistance during germination stage were in the order of XLZ 10＞XLZ 13＞XLZ 12＞XLZ17＞XLZ 31＞XLZ 26＞XLZ 18. However, the order changed to XLZ 17＞XLZ 10＞XLZ 13＞XLZ 31＞XLZ 18＞XLZ 12＞XLZ 26 at the seedling stage. The result indicated that the salt-tolerance of cotton varieties are different during germination stage and seedling stage, and XLZ 10 was the most salt-resistance variety and XLZ 26 was the most sensitive variety at both developmental stages.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 166-170. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0166
Seedlings of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L) were treated with different concentration of Sr2+ (0, 10, 20, 40mmol/L SrCl2) for 0, 7, 14, 21 days under quartz sand and Hoagland solution culture, and the antioxidant characteristics and Sr2+ accumulation of seedling were investigated. Rape seedlings showed high accumulation capacity for strontium, especial the leaves. But the accumulation capacity declined with the increasing of Sr2+ concentration. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased with the increasing of Sr2+ concentration and then declined with the extention of the stress time. The activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) declined with the increasing of the Sr2+accumulation capacity. This study showed that oilseed rape had a very high strontium-tolerant and strontium-uptake capacity, and leaf was the organ that accumulates most of strontium. The accumulation capacity and activity of CAT, POD exhibited a significantly-negative correlation.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 171-175. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0171
In order to reveal the physiological changes of maple leaf in autumn, the Japanese maple trees (Acer palmatum Thunb) of 40 years old in Hangzhou Botanical Garden and Flower Harbor Park were selected, and samples were collected from the east sunny side, the west sunny side and the shady side of the trees. The contents of chlorophyll, anthocyanin and soluble sugar in maple leaves were measured during the color-changing period from late October to early December. The results indicated that the chlorophyll content decreased gradually, and the chlorophyll content of the leaves in the shady side of the tree was significantly higher than that of the sunny side, and the content in the sample of east sunny side was significantly higher than that of the west sunny side. The anthocyanin content increased constantly, and the variation became remarkable after Nov. 21st. The soluble sugar content grew rapidly before Nov. 21st, and then became stable. The data showed a positive correlation between temperature and chlorophyll content, and a negative correlation between temperature and anthocyanin content, temperature and soluble sugar content.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 176-180. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0176
The photosynthetic characteristics and its relationship to the yield of Cynanchum bungei Decne were studied. The results indicated that the duration of functional leaves with high photosynthesis was at 10~30d after the leaves spread thoroughly and the growing center of the plant was at the overground parts, when photosynthates were mainly supplied to the leaves, flowers and fruits and very few were distributed to the roots. The inhibition of photosynthesis often occured at summer noon, because the high temperature, which affected the accumulation of the photosynthates. At the stage of the radix’s expansion, the leaves began to senesce and resulted in the decline of the assimilation and diminished accumulation of the dry-matter, the increase of yield was there for affected.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 181-186. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0181
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary methionine (Met) levels on the duodenal flows of endogenous N (EN) and endogenous amino acids (ENAA) in growing goats, and to compare the results gained from the difference method and isotope dilution method by feeding normal protein-containing diets. Three tested goats (20 kg ± 2.5 kg) were fitted with a ruminal, duodenal cannulae and the jugular catheters, and allocated to three dietary treatments in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The dietary treatments consisted of a total mixed ration containing three levels of Met (0.15%, 0.25% and 0.35%), respectively. The results showed that the duodenal flows of EN and ENAA were the lowest when the dietary Met level was 0.15%, and there was no significant (p＞0.05) difference in the duodenal flows of EN and ENAA measured by the difference method and isotope dilution method. The duodenal flows of EN and ENAA determined by the difference method was lower (p＞0.05) than the data by the isotope dilution method. It is concluded that the duodenal flows of EN and ENAA are not affected by the dietary direct supplementation of Met, and that the duodenal flows of EN and ENAA determined by the difference method were lower than those by the isotope dilution method.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 187-191. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0187
In order to investigate nitrogen partitioning in local cashmere goats ,six Inner Mogolia White Cashmere goats between 2 to 2.5 years old were used to determine the nitrogen partitioning in cashmere goats. The total retained nitrogen（TN）in body, distribution of body nitrgen and hair nitrogen were measured by general digestive and metabolism method combined with tritiated water dilution technique. Results showed that the above methods were ideal for determining body nitrgen（BN）and hair nitrogen （fur nitrogen, FN）of Cashmere goats. There are obvious significances between BN and FN in different seasons. In telogen, BN and FN partitioning was 75.7±0.62% and 24.3±0.62%, respectively. Whereas, it was changed to 66.6±2.2% and 33.4±2.2% in anagen. BN partitioning was decreased when the season changed from telogen to anagen, while the FN partitioning was increased, which indicated that more nitrogen substance was partitioned to body growth in telogen, and more nitrogen substance was distribute to cashmere growth in anagoen. These transformation were related to the changing of photoperiod and some hormones, such as, melatonin（MT）, prolactin(PRL) and IGF-I. It can be concluded that tritiated water dilution technique could be used to detect body protein content as well as BN, combining general digestive and metabolism experiment, FN partitoning can be determined. BN and FN partitoning varied with the season in cashmere goats because of hormones changing.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 192-194. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0192
A moth body color mutant was found in Helicoverpa armigera during the regular feeding. Different color, compared with the wild type, mainly showed in abdoment and wing. Wild phenotype appeared in F1 progenies when reciprocal cross of mutant with the wild type. Segregation ratio of 3.23:1 in F2 progenies and 1.13:1 in backcross progenies was statistically counted respectively. Offspring entirely showed mutant type when F2 progenies were self crossed. Results indicated that this body colour mutant was monogenic autosomal recessive inheritance.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 195-198. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0195
The developments of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) biodegradation were reviewed in this study. In addition, the anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation pathways were summarized.
-
J4. 2010, 24(1): 199-207. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2010.01.0199
As a rapid, inexpensive and non-destructive analytical method, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is widely used in many fields, including plant age measurement, quality detection of fruit and vegetable. Recently, the application of NIRS in quantitative analysis of soil parameters is emerging, especially in China. In this paper, the authors briefed the principle, methods of model building and evaluating of NIRS, and then reviewed application of NIRS in measuring total soil organic matter (SOM) and SOM components. The application prospect of NIRS technique on SOM analysis in China was also discussed.
