27 April 2016, Volume 30 Issue 4
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 621-628. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0621In order to clear the potential value of K305ms,thirty combinations were produced by crossing ten tests with three kinds of genotypes: maize male sterile plants (msms) and fertile plants (Msms) from K305ms system and wild-type (cv. K305, MsMs) through incomplete diallel cross mode. The main characteristics of the combining ability and heterosis were investigated.The results showed that no significant differences of agronomic characteristics were found between msms and Msms. Although the values of yield characteristics of msms were similar to that of MsMs, msms exhibited remarkable increased leaf area and ear length, and remarkable decreased tassel,kernel rate and 100-seed weight, as compared to MsMs. Comparing to MsMs, msms exhibited remarkable positive effect on ear rows and remarkable negative effect on four characteristics of general combining ability (GCA) including bald tip length, suggesting that msms was an excellent parent for improving ear rows and shorting bare tip length of cross combinations. The fluctuated effects of genotypes on yield per plant of SCA in hybrid combination suggested that there was no relative correlation between genotypes of female sterility and yield of SCA. The over-standard heterosis of the yield per plant among most cross combinations was unremarkable, exhibited notable interaction effects with test sites, indicating that the multi-ecological comparisons were required to test,suggesting that K305ms system had prospects in further researches and utilization. This study could lay the foundation of maize male sterility breeding and seed production with K305ms in the future.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 629-637. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0629In order to provide more selection of abiotic stress-inducible promoters for transgenic study in maize, and search those promoting exogenous genes appropriate expression only under stress conditions. The promoter (psbCBF6) of the ethylene-responsive element-binding protein gene (sbCBF6), homologous to the transcription factor gene DREB1B in rice, was cloned from maize based on bioinformatics analysis. After validation for its response to abiotic stresses by analysis for abiotic stress-responsive elements and real-time quantitative PCR, psbCBF6 was used to construct expression vector to drive the reporter gene GUS. This vector was used to transform maize calli by biolistic bombardment. The activity of the promoter psbCBF6 under the induction of different abiotic stresses and hormones was validated by the ratio of the GUS fluorescence value divided by the luciferase luminescence value. The results showed that the expression of the sbCBF6 gene was differential in responsive to different abiotic stresses. The psbCBF6 promoter is 1479 bp long, and contains various regulative elements related to abiotic stresses.The results of the study can improve a reference for the resistance of maize transformation.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 638-645. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0638Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and economic crop in China. Peanut Seed dormancy is an important agronomic trait which can affect quality, yield and seed quality in agricultural production. To dig important functional genes controlling seed dormancy, full-length of auxin-reprssed protein gene was screened from seed of peanut cultivar Huayu52 by RNA-seq, and designated as AhARP in this article. The whole sequence of AhARP was 918bp and its open reading frame was 363bp, encoding a 121 amino acid residues. The deduced protein molecular weight was 13.44KD and its theoretical isoelectric point was 9.64. Sequenc alignment of the deduced amino acids of AhARP revealed high similarity with auxin-repressed protein gene(AAZ20292.1)of peanut. The results of Real-time RT-PCR showed that AhARP gene expressed at a higher level in dormant variety than in non-dormant variety; The expression of AhARP in dormancy-released seed was induced distinctly by ethephon. That indicated AhARP may be correlated to the seed dormancy of peanut. According to the gene sequence and preliminarily predicting structure, nature and functions of AhRP gene. The study have acquired valuable information which can be used to study the biological function of the AhARP gene related to peanut seed dormancy.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 646-653. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0646A robust method to rapidly and accurately determine the copy number of the target transgene is essential for the genetic engineering, thus has great potential for the application. In the study, we used seven transgenic soybean events harboring insect resistant gene BT and herbicide tolerance gene EPSPS-G10. The BT and EPSPS-G10 gene are the target genes, with ACTIN gene as the endogenous reference gene. Based on the theory that Cycle Threshold (Ct) value is linearly correlated with the logarithm of the amount of the initial DNA template, the standard curves of all three genes were constructed with the correlation coefficiency greater than 0.99. Using the standard curves and the Ct value of the samples, we calculated the amounts of ACTIN and target gene templates. As ACTIN has two copies in soybean genome, the ratio of target gene and ACTIN can be used to estimate the copy number of the transgenes. Result showed that line 1, 2, 3 and 4 contain a single copy of the BT and EPSPS-G10 gene. Line 5, 6, 7 have 3, 2, and 3 copies for both BT and EPSPS-G10 genes, respectively. To verify the accuracy of the estimation, a Southern blot analysis was conducted using transgenic line 1-4. The results showed that the transgene copy number detected by Southern analysis in these lines matched that estimated by the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Therefore, the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method is a rapid, reproducible and effective method to estimate the transgene copy number, which is of great significance for high throughput analysis of transgene copy number.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 654-661. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0654Natural pigments produced by Monascus fermentation have attracted increasing attentions. In this study, atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) was applied for the screening of Monascus mutants with high orange/yellow pigment production. The optimal irradiation time for the Monascus mutation was 90s, at which the spore lethality rate was 78% and the morphological mutation rate was 14.2%. The highest orange and yellow pigment production was 3 620 and 3 300 U·g-1by solid-state fermentation of the mutant strain WM951M1 at 30℃ for 10d, with an increase of 43% and 136% when compared with that of the original strain. The characteristics of the orange and yellow pigments were confirmed by the full wavelength scanning. The maximum absorption peak of the pigments produced by WM951M1 appeared at 465 nm and an absorption peak also appeared at 410 nm. Furthermore, WM951M1 exhibited an excellent genetic and morphology stability thus it could be used in the industrial production.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 662-669. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0662In order to solve the acetochlor residue,an acetochlor-degrading strain, named AC-1, was isolated from acetochlor-contaminated soil of acetochlor factory by the conventional enrichment culture technique. Based on the morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, the strain AC-1 was identified as Rhodococcus sp. Strain AC-1 could completely degradate 0.2 mM acetochlor in 48 h, but couldn’t mineralized acetochlor. Based on LC-MS analysis, the metabolite of acetochlor degraded by strain AC-1 was identified as 2-chloro-N-(2-ethylphenyl-6-methyl)acetamide (CMEPA). The optimum temperature and pH for acetochlor degradation by strain AC-1 were 30℃and 7.5, respectively. The acetochlor degradation activity of strain AC-1 were strongly inhibited by 0.1 mM Cu2+ and Hg2+, but Fe2+ could increase the degradation ability slightly. Increasing initial inoculum could promote the degradation. Strain AC-1 showed good properties for degrading alachlor and butachlor, but have slight degradation ability to metolachlor. Strain AC-1 could significantly enhance the degradation of acetochlor in soil. This study provided theoretical and technical support about degradation of acetochlor.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 670-675. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0670To investigate the effect of geneticin on leaf callus induction and rooting in Petunia hybrida, the leaves of W115 were used as explants to induce calli.Effects of geneticin on induction of callus, adventitious bud and rooting were studied. The results showed that, with the increase of concentration, the inhibitory action of geneticin on induction of callus, adventitious bud and rooting was enhanced. The critical concentration of geneticin in induction adventitious bud was 4 mg·L-1, and under this concentration the differentiation rate of leaf callus was 0. The critical concentration for rooting was 5 mg·L-1, and the plants could not rooting when the geneticin concentration was greater than or equal to it. The results would provide a very useful reference for the application of geneticin in genetic transformation of petunia.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 676-684. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0676In order to distinguish the hybrid in orchid cross breeding, SRAP molecular markers were used to identify hybrid reliability of 10 hybrid lines among Cymbidium goeringii Zi'e× C. hybridum Riben LYu. The results suggested that 364 DNA bands were obtained with 21 pairs of highly polymorphic random primers. Among these DNA bands amplified, 307 (84.34%) were polymorphic. Hybrid Identification results showed that the selected 10 hybrid F1 were true hybrids with high similarity to their mothers. Clustering analysis showed that SRAP molecular markers are effective in identifying and screening early hybrids in the orchid cross breeding. Therefore, using SRAP molecular marker technology can provide a theoretical basis for screening orchid hybrid and orchid accelerate the breeding process.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 685-694. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0685Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are the essential nutrition elements which play an important role in the process of rice growth and the formation of the yield and quality. How to improve the utilization of N, P and K fertilizer under an intensive rice production system is a hot and difficult issue. This paper reviewed the function and genetic characteristics of the N, P and K in rice, it aims to provide a reference for breeding rice varieties with N, P and K high use efficiency.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 695-703. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0695To improve the application performance of xanthan gum, xanthan gum-g-N-vinylpyrrolidone graft copolymer (XG-g-NVP) was prepared by60Coγ-irradiation, then to study the structural characterization of copolymers and the effects of synthesis conditions on grafting ratio and monomer utilization. The results showed that the best grafting ratio was up to 543.3% and the monomer utilization reached 67.9% when radiation absorbed dose is 10 kGy, the concentration of xanthan gum is 12g·L-1, the mass ratio of NVP/XG was 8:1, and the mass of 4-methoxyphenol polymerization inhibitor is 0.01% of the amount of NVP. IR figure showed that the grafting reaction occurred in NVP vinyl part and SEM showed that the structure of copolymer became grain-like from flake-like. The molecular structure and morphology were analyzed and confirmed by IR and ESM. Compared to the xanthan gum, the high temperature resistance and shear resistance of XG-g-NVP were improved, and the viscosity remains constant at high temperature and high shear force. Therefore, the structure and thermal stability of xanthan gum were improved after modification. The xanthan molecular had more excellent performance through the study of grafting modification, and laid the theoretical basis for further application of modification xanthan gum.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 704-709. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0704To investigate the degradation effect of radiation on Okadaic acid (OA), Cobalt 60 gamma ray (60Co-γ) was used to degrade OA in water and scallops. ELISA was used to study some influence on the degradation rate, such as irradiation dosage, the initial concentration of OA and dissolution system. The result showed the degradation rate increased with the the increase of irradiation dosage, and decreased with the increase of the initial concentration of OA. In addition, degradation rate is also related to dissolution system. The degradation rate from high-to-low is OA in water, OA in muscle, OA in intestine and OA in hepatopancreas. The study confirmed that the irradiation technique can be applied to remove OA in water, but it is difficult to remove OA in aquatic products, such as scallops. The result of the study provides reference for the OA removed
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 710-718. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0710The experiments were conducted to reveal the distributive characteristics of phenolic compound contents among different cultivated regions and cultivars, and to select functional superior cultivars with stronger antioxidant capacity. Eight dominant pomegranate cultivars were used as the experiment materials, which were from Shandong, Yunnan, Xinjiang and Sichuan Provinces, respectively. The fruit quality, phenolic compound contents and DPPH radial scavenging activity of these cultivars fruit were analyzed by common analysis methods and high performance liquid chromatography at maturation stage. The result showed that the difference of fruit quality was significant in different pomegranate cultivars. The single fruit mass, soluble sugar and vitamin C content of Kashitian were highest. The ratio of soluble solid and titratable acid of Tianlvzi was highest. The content of soluble solid and titratable acid was highest in Taishanhong and Hongmanao, respectively. The phenolic compound contents and DPPH radial scavenging activity of different pomegranate cultivars were all highest in peel, which were second highest in juice, and lowest in seed. The content of punicalagin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, anthocyanin, total phenols and DPPH radial scavenging activity were highest in Kashitian peel and Hongmanao seed. The anthocyanin content and DPPH radial scavenging activity was highest in Qianzihong and Daqingpitian juice, respectively. The content of punicalagin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, total phenols were highest in Hongmanao juice. The punicalagin content (average 135.00 mg·g-1) was 48.94% of total phenols in peel. Punicalagin was the important phenolic compound in pomegranate fruit. There was certain correlation between different fruit quality indexes. It is found that certain dependence also existed between fruit quality and phenolic compound. Punicalagin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, anthocyain, total phenols were positive relationships, which were all positively correlated with DPPH radial scavenging activity. Hongmanao, Kashitian and Qianzihong had excellent comprehensive fruit quality and rich phenolic compound, which were worth popularization, development and utilization. The result could provide theoretical basis for product development and new cultivars breeding of pomegranate.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 719-727. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0719To explore the effect of enzymolysis on shrimp allergenic proteins,68 female BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: blank control, shrimp allergenic proteins, shrimp allergenic protein hydrolysates and enzyme control. By intraperitoneal injection, the concentrations of sIgG, sIgE and histamine in serum were measured by ELISA, the spleen indexes and allergic symptoms of mice were observed. The results showed that: enzymolysis made the α-helix of shrimp allergenic proteins decreased by 3.5%, the β-sheet decreased by 1.5%, the β-turn and random increased by 4.3% and 1.7%. These changes made the level of sIgE in mice were reduced by 40.44%. But the sIgG and spleen between shrimp allergenic proteins group and protein hydrolysates group had no significant difference. And the protein hydrolysates group paraffin sections of intestine showed that the inflammatory response was more obvious than that of the shrimp allergenic proteins group. Conclusion: enzymolysis on shrimp allergenic proteins can reduce antigenicity to a certain extent, which reduces the allergenicity. But after several immune processes, protein hydrolysates still has very strong allergenicity. This research lays the groundwork for allergenic protein allergenicity reduction mechanism
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 728-733. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0728In order to evaluate the throat-clearing function of pear NFC juice, three different animal models including rat paw edema, cotton ball implantation in rats and auricular swelling in mice were employed to investigate the effects of pear NFC juice on the weight of rat granuloma, the rate of rat paw edema and mouse auricular swelling as well as the body weight of rat or mouse. The results showed that the net weight of rat granuloma in high-dosage group (T3) was significantly decreased by 23.47% compared with the negative control group (CK). Rates of paw edema at 2 hours and 4 hours in T3 group and at 4 hours in medium-dosage group (T2) were significantly reduced by 14.5%, 20.4% and 16.5%, respectively. Rates of mouse auricular swelling in T2 and T3 groups were significantly reduced by 24.1% and 27.8%, respectively. While significant influence of the pear NFC juice on the body weight of mice or rats in three groups during the whole experiment was not found. The results of the three animal experiments (rat paw edema,cotton ball implantation in rats and auricular swelling in mice) were positive. The adverse effects of pear NFC juice on normal growth of mice or rats were not found. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the pear NFC juice possesses the throat-clearing function, which can provide reference for the development and utilization of pear.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 734-740. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0734To prolong the shelf-life of Pampus argenteus, three kinds of fresh-keeping agent with better preservation effect were screened out from chitosan, sodium alginate, gelatin and Nisin, then the optimal component proportion of compound fresh-keeping agent was determined by the orthogonal test. The results indicated that three ingredients in the compound fresh-keeping agent have different influence on the effect of preservation, chitosan had extremely significant effect and sodium alginate had significant effect but the effect of Nisin was not obvious. The optimal proportion of compound fresh-keeping agent was chitosan 5 g·L-1, sodium alginate 7 g·L-1 and Nisin 0.3 g·L-1, respectively. Coated with the compound fresh-keeping agent, the shelf-life of Pampus argenteus could extend to 13 days, which was longer by about 7 days than that of control group. This compound chitosan coating agent has a good preservation effect, which can provide theoretical basis for the preservation and quality control of Pampus argenteus.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 741-747. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0741In order to obtain the optimum character of extrudates, tuna meat as raw material and quality of extrudates from it affected by three kinds of dehydration ways (stir-frying, heat pump drying and vacuum drying) has been investigated in this study.It was found that three dehydration ways have no significant influence on chromatic value, expansion rate, hardness and chewiness for the extrudates. Stir-frying was the best drying approach of them on textured index (1.62), protein in vitro digestibility (84.41%) and acid value (18.09 mg·g-1). However,the protein in vitro digestibility and acid value for the extrudates from heat pump drying and vacuum drying tuna meat were 81.77% and 78.42%, 32.76 mg·g-1 and 26.36 mg·g-1, respectively. Therefore, it suggested that the stir-frying was superior to other two dehydration ways on improving textured index, holding nutritional value and reducing degree of oxidation on free fatty acids level of the product. The study could provide certain theoretic basis of extrusion of tuna meat.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 748-754. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0748In order to establish a rapid method for evaluation the freshness of PortunusTrituberculatus, the changes of volatile components in flesh during storage at 4 ℃were investigated by electronic nose, and the freshness were analyzed through principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) coupled with pH, TVB-N and total viable counts. The results showed that the response of electronic nose gradually increased with the extension of storage period. BothPCA and LDA analysis could identify the flesh of PortunusTrituberculatus undergoing different storage periodeffectively. Based on the response of electronic nose and partial least squares regression (PLSR) prediction model related to pH, TVB-N and total viable counts, the (RPD) value were 2.73, 2.50, 3.06, respectively, which suggested that the PLSR model could be utilized for the prediction of changes of pH, TVB-N, total viable counts. The calibration and validation value were both above 0.85, which showed that the response of electronic nose had a good correlation with physicochemical parameters and total viable counts. Therefore, the advancement made in our study will provide techniques and theoretical basisfor the evaluation of the freshness of aquatic product as well as the effect of different preservation method.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 755-763. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0755The goal of this study was to develop an easy and effective method to simplify processing procedures using 10MeV linear accelerator irradiation. Depth-dose distributions were experimentally measured using aluminum sheets which were irradiated by 10MeV linear accelerator in one-sided and two-sided way, respectively. Depth-dose distribution curves for one-side and two-side irradiated products of different densities were established based on the data of irradiated aluminum sheets. The simple computational formulas of density and irradiation range parameters ( Ropt,R50e,Rp) were established too. Dose uniformities of two-side irradiated products at different depth were calculated according to the related curves. Products were classified into different groups of depth according to the dose uniformity (U ≤2.5), and appropriate processing techniques were established for real samples to ensure the effectiveness of the irradiation. This study should be helpful for proper use of 10 MeV electron beam irradiation in food.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 764-769. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0764
Soybean is a kind of plant food that contains many nutrients. Significant increase in the content of vitamin C, GABA and isoflavones, and significant decreases in the content of anti-nutritional factors (such as fatty acid oxidase, phytic acid and phytohemagglutinin) have been observed during the process of soybean germination. Therefore, germination can be used as an important method to improve the nutritional value of soybean and its products. In this paper, the effect of germination on the contents of basic nutrients, anti-nutritional factors, and bioactive substances in soybean during the process of germination was introduced, and the application of soybean germination technology has been forecasted in order to clear the rules of material changes during the process of soybean germination, and lay a foundation for the scientific research and application in the future.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 770-775. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0770In order to accurately determine δ13C values of the stable isotope13C-labeled wheat plant, this experiment studied the Element Analyzer-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (EA-IRMS) technology to determine the δ13C values of13C-labeled wheat plant. The results showed that the precision and accuracy of the results for the standard saccharose (IAEA-CH-6), standard wheat flour (OAS/Isotope) and the13C-labeled wheat samples were analyzed and all the standard deviations were less than 0.11‰. The stability of the EA-IRMS system were tested as well. The standard deviation of stability was 0.02‰. When the intensity of isotopic signal ranged from 1e-9 to 1e-8A, the linearity of EA-IRMS system was 0.003‰·nA-1. The δ13C values of wheat samples ranged from -25.25%~23.32%. This experiment provided reliably technological base for studying the distribution of photosynthetic products in wheat plants.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 776-782. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0776In this study, experments with tissue culture seedlings of two-year-old Catapla bungei clones (015-1,7080,1-4 and 004-1) were conducted to explore the seedlings’ characteristics of absorption, utilization and allocation of nitrogen. By using the stable isotope15N tracer, we measured the absorption, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and allocation rates were measured under an exponential fertilization trial. The results were as follows: the nitrogen absorption, NUE and allocation rates of the five C. bungei clones all exhibited a high consistency, with NUE ranging from 27.14% to 31.24%. The NDFF of roots and leaves of C. bungei clones were significantly higher than stems. The roots and leaves were more competitive than stems for nitrogen fertilizer. The nitrogen allocation rate in the stem of C. bungei clone 015-1, as same as in the root of C. bungei clone 7080, were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the other clones. There was significant difference (P<0.05) among the nitrogen allocation rates in the three organs. In general, the allocation rates in the three organs followed the order of leaves roots stems. These findings provide a scientific basis for rational application of nitrogen fertilizer of C. bungei.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 783-791. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0783In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen application on super rice yield, photosynthetic characteristics and recovery efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. A pot-cultured experiment with hybrid rice, Liangyoupeijiu,and inbred rice, Yliangyou1hao,Yuxiangyouzhan and Huanghuazhan was conducted by using15N isotope tracing. The results revealed that SPAD value and photosynthetic rate increased with the increase of nitrogen rate, of which varieties was consistent. After the jointing stage, SPAD values appeared as the changing trend of the high-low-high, changing trend of photosynthetic rate was different between varieties, of which hybrid rice linearly decreased and inbred rice showed firstly linear decline and then slightly rebounded. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, content of nitrogen in the straw of hybrid rice was lower than that of inbred rice, of which they were 0.72%~0.78% and 0.59%~0.61%, respectively; but no differences between hybrid rice and inbred rice were found in the grains. Meanwhile, the grain yield was performed the increase stability and the recovery efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer were performed nonlinear change trend. The recovery efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer with 150 kg·hm-2 treatment were the highest among all treatments, hybrid rice was 33.9% to 34.6% and inbred rice was 33.8% to 34.2%. And the yield of hybrid rice is significantly 16.4% higher than that of inbred rice. It is concluded that, with the increase of nitrogen rate, hybrid rice could transfer the nitrogen from the straw into the grains through photosynthesis, while the inbred rice accumulate the nutrient in the straw. The findings could provide the cultivation theoretical basis of the coordination of nitrogen efficient and hybrid high-yield.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 792-796. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0792In order to better understand the effect of different processing methods on stable isotope analysis, this research used Bar-headed Goose (Anser indicus) as an object, compared the influence of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes ratios by different acidic conditions, drying and crushing methods. The results showed that different temperature and concentrations of hydrochloric acid affect δ13C ratio in egg shell. The δ13C in egg shell under the condition of 80 ℃ was more positive than that under 40 ℃ and 60 ℃. HCl solution of 3 mol·L-1 was more negative than HCl of 1 mol·L-1 and 5 mol·L-1. The two methods of freeze drying and oven drying had not reached significant level on δ13C and δ15N of muscle tissue, liquid nitrogen grinding and directly cutting up had no significant effect on δ13C and δ15N of feathers. The results provide a reference basis for stable isotope technique applied in the research of Ornithology.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 797-804. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0797In order to understand the selectivity difference of wheat how to adapt to environmental changes, field experiments were designed in split-split-plots, with three spring wheat cultivars (Heshangtou, Xihan No.2, Ningchun No.4), two irrigation levels (full irrigation 4 500 m3·hm-2 and limited irrigation 3 000 m3·hm-2) and five nitrogen levels (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg·hm-2). Photosynthetic characteristics, biomass accumulation and allocation, yield components responses to water and nitrogen treatments of different drought tolerance spring wheat cultivars were studied.The results showed that leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and biomass were increased as water and nitrogen levels increased; when excessive nitrogen (Heshangtou and Xihan No.2 over 150 kg·hm-2, Ningchun No.4 over 225 kg·hm-2) was applied, the four indicators decreased. Spring wheat tends to increase yield components in resource-limiting environments (limited irrigation, low or excessive nitrogen application), while increase total biomass in resource-suitable environment (full irrigation, middle nitrogen application). Ningchun No.4 could get greater grain number per spike and thousand kernel weight under sufficient water and nitrogen supplement. Heshangtou could maintain constant yield components under water and nitrogen limitation. Xihan No.2 could have higher total biomass and yield output under either sufficient or insufficient water and nitrogen conditions. These results enriched our understanding of interactions between drought-tolerance of spring wheat and resource (water and nitrogen) supplying. We also obtained the selected tendency on biomass distribution and yield components of three varieties under different water and nitrogen conditions. These results provided theoretical basis for better understanding of crop resource use and yield response under stress environment.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 805-812. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0805In order to study the influence diversity of different cultivation measures on grain yield, the experiment was conducted in the Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences from the year of 2013 to 2014. Strong gluten wheat (Jimai 20) and middle gluten wheat (Zhongmai 8) were used as material in a complete split-plot experimental design of three factors. The main-plot was nitrogen application amount with three levels (150 kg N·hm-2, 210 kg N·hm-2, and 270 kg N·hm-2). The sub-plot was row spacing with two levels of 12cm and 20cm), and the sub treatment was varieties (Jimai 20 and Zhongmai 8). The main results indicated that the grain yield of Jmai 20 and Zhongmai 8 was significantly increased at the level of 270 kg N·hm-2. Under the condition of 270 kg N·hm-2 or 210 kg N·hm-2, the treatment of spaced 20 cm was more beneficial to the formation of high yield. Under the condition of the treatment 270 kg N·hm-2 and spaced 20 cm, the physiological index such as SPAD readings and photosynthetic rate of flag leaves maintained higher value, which was conducive to accumulation of photosynthate and formation of highyielding. In the present experiment,grain yield of Jimai 20 and Zhongmai 8 both got the highest level in the treatment 270 kg N·hm-2 and spaced 20 cm. The experiment was obtained the best combination between nitrogen amounts and row spacing of high-yield. The findings that provided a certain guidance significance for winter wheat under high-yield cultivation.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 813-821. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0813To investigate the alleviation effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on maize seeding growth under drought stress, maize inbred line Zheng 58 was employed and treated under nutrient solution with different concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5 mmol·L-1) sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) process maize seedlings under 15% PEG simulated drought stress. The optimal concentration of NaHS were also used to spray on the leaves of seedling, and to study the antioxidant enzyme activities, antioxidant content, free proline accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and membranous peroxide level on seedlings. According to the results, under the drought stress, exogenous H2S treatment significantly improved the maize seed germination activity, germination rate and seedling biomass to some extent. After spraying 0.6 mmol·L-1 NaHS on the leaves, the antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX), and the content of ascorbic acid (ASA) and glutathione (GSH) were increased. Moreover, the delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase (P5CS) activity and the free proline (Pro) content in the leaves were also increased. However, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents had a significantly drop. These illustrated that the exogenous H2S regulated the antioxidant levels in leaves to reduce oxidative damage on maize seedling during drought stress that improved the maize seedling adaptability to drought stress. This study provided the basis for the further study of H2S function on maize drought stress response mechanism.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(4): 822-827. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.04.0822To discuss and study the regulation effect of biological-sugar fertilizer and urea on soybean nodule, Hefeng55 was used as the test material to research the effect of different types of nitrogen on soybean nodule number, nodule dry weight, root dry weight, aboveground dry weight and effective nodule. Four treatments were applied at random block design, marked with N1 (150 kg·hm-2 biological-sugar fertilizer), N2 (225 kg·hm-2 biological-sugar fertilizer), N3 (150 kg·hm-2urea), and N4 (75 kg·hm-2 urea). The results showed that the effect of different treatments on soybean seed yield followed the order of N1>N2>N4>N3 and yield difference among four treatments was significant. Seed yield under N1 treatment was 6.24%, 21.57%, 9.39% higher than that under N2, N3 and N4, respectively. Nodule number, dry weight of root nodule, root dry weight, aboveground dry weight and effective nodule under N1 treatment were highest, and N1 treatment got the highest seed yield. The result indicated that biological-sugar fertilizer promoted the growth and development of soybean nodule and therefore increased soybean seed yield. Results obtained from this experiment will provide theoretical reference for nitrogen nutrition regulation and fertilization of high-yield soybean.
