10 August 2019, Volume 33 Issue 8
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1451-1458. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1451To explore the molecular mechanism of the formation of the dwarf mutant in wheat, the cultivar D6-3 (WT) and dwarf mutant DC20 generated by high-energy hybrid mixed fields treatment were analyzed with RNA-seq. We found 2153 differently expressed genes (DEGs) between DC20 and WT in stem tissues during the booting stage, where the height difference begins to appear. These DEGs participated in glucose metabolism, energy metabolism, transcriptional regulation, transcription modification and translation, and translation modification, with 47 DEGs significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of plant hormone GAs and the regulation of IAA homeostasis, and in signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, and cell elongation. Most DEGs were down-regulated and a few inhibitors were up-regulated. The endogenous plant hormone assay showed that IAA, GA1, and GA3 in the DC20 stem during the booting stage were significantly lower than that in the WT. This suggested that the radiation mutation resulted in the synergistic action of plant hormones GAs and IAA, which led to the reduced expression of related genes in cell cycle regulation, cell elongation, and other pathways, and had an effect on the height of DC20, forming the dwarf phenotype. The results of this study will promote the application of radiation mutation technique in crop breeding and help to explain the molecular mechanism of the formation of the dwarf mutant.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1459-1466. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1459To explore the molecular mechanism of miR319 and its target genes during male flower development in mulberry, histological technology was used to analyze the stage of flower bud development and the target genes of miR319 were predicted through on-line software. We found that make flower development under went 4 different stages: undifferentiated period (A1), early differentiation stage (A2), inflorescence differentiation period (A3) and total pod formation period (A4). Three miR319 members (miR319a、b、c) were found in mulberry genome, miR319b and miR319c were located on the same precursor sequence. A total of 6 target genes were found to be the targets of miR319 in mulberry. Which were further validated via 5’-RACE, and the cleavage site was between the 10th and 11th base. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR319 and it’s targets during male flower development. The expression level of miR319 reduced rapidly during A2-A3 stage, and target genes (Morus012208, Morus008229, Morus008100 and Morus005893) showed the opposite expression pattern. Meanwhile, the content of JA increased rapidly in this stage. JA synthetic component genes (PLDα1 and LOX5) also increased rapidly in the stage. It showed that miR319 regulated the male flower development through influencing JA synthesis pathway by regulating the target gene. This study can help to reveal the molecular regulation mechanism of miR319 regulating JA pathway during flower development.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1467-1473. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1467BES1 is the key transcription factors of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. In order to understand the function of BES1 gene family in pepper, bioinformatic analysis was used to identify the BES1 gene family according to the released pepper whole-genome sequences. Gene structure, protein domain, phylogenetic relationship, gene expression pattern and biotic and abiotic stress were analyzed to characterize the function of BES1 gene family. The results showed that there were 9 candidate BES1 genes in pepper. According to the structure of BES1, they were divided into 2 categories: ClassⅠand ClassⅡ, with great difference in structure. The BES1 encoding proteins were range from 181 to 713 amino acids, the molecular weights of BES1 encoding proteins were 20.22~78.23 kDa, and the range of isoelectric point was 5.48~9.23. The result of RNA-seq data indicated that the expression of the BES1 gene in pepper is different. Under the stress of ABA, cold, heat, Me and Phytophthora blight, both CA04g20150 and CA12g17430 were induced to upregulated, indicating that they may played a role in biotic and abiotic stress. The study laid foundation for exploring the molecular mechanism of the BES1 gene family regulating plant stress resistance.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1474-1482. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1474In order to obtain the genes related to ABC transporter protein family under the conditions of drought stress, the drought-resistant wild soybean accession was used as experimental material which was treated with 20% PEG6000 solution to simulate drought stress. RNA was extracted from leaves of drought treated 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h respectively, and transcriptome sequencing was carried out by Illumina Hi Seq 2000 platform. Based on the results of GO, KEGG and NR 3 major database notes, and then using ABC transporter as the key words to screen, a total of 337 ABC transporter related sequences were obtained, including 8 subfamilies (ABCA、ABCB、ABCC、ABCD、ABCE、ABCF、ABCG和ABCI). Differential expression analysis showed that there were 182 differentially expressed genes. Most of the differentially expressed genes annotated by GO database were purine ribonucleotide catabolic processes, while the Unigenes annotated by KEGG database were distributed in the 5 subfamilies (ABCA、ABCB、ABCC、ABCD、ABCE、ABCF、ABCG和ABCI). The evolutionary analysis of 168 differentially Unigenes annotated in the NR database shows that the ABCE, ABCF, ABCG families and ABCI11 were clustered to a group, the ABCB, ABCC families and ABCI10 were clustered to a group, and the ABCA, ABCD families and ABCI19 were clustered to a group. The information obtained from ABC transporters provides a theoretical basis for further study on drought resistance genes of ABC transporters in wild soybean.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1483-1489. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1483Triacylglycerol is the main storage form of oil in plant cells. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase(GPAT) is the first rate-limiting enzyme in the process of TAG biosynthesis. In order to investigate the correspondence between the content of total lipid and the expression of PtGPAT under different temperature and light intensity, specific primers were designed based on the transcriptome data of Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the cDNA full-length sequence of GPAT was cloned by RT-PCR. The results showed that the cDNA sequence length of PtGPAT was 1 743 bp, which contained an ORF of 1 305 bp encoding 434 amino acids. Conservative structural domain analysis viewed that the GPAT belonged to lyso-phospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), and had the acyl-receptive binding bag consistent with GPAT protein characteristics. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that PtGPAT had a close relationship with Thalassiosira oceanica. RFq PCR analysis was used to detect the expression of P. tricornutum under different light intensity and temperature conditions. The results showed that with the increase of temperature and light intensity, the expression of PtCPAt increased first and then decreased, which was consisitent with the change trend of total lipid content in P. tricornutum. The PtGPAT transcripts and the accumulation of total lipid of P. tricornutum was highest at 25℃, 37.5 μmol·m-2·s-1 and significant correlation was found between PtGPAT expression level and the content of total lipid(r=0.980, P<0.05). In conclusion, our observation proved that the PtGPAT could be associated with lipid metabolic pathway of P. tricornutum. The study provides high quality genetic resources for the future use of genetic engineering to improve the content of oil in plants, and lays a theoretical foundation for further revealing the molecular regulatory mechanism for the synthesis of lipids in P. tricornutum.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1490-1500. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1490To explore the effects of water stress on the synthesis of resveratrol in grape berries,Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon was used as a material to determine the content of resveratrol and gene expression level related to resveratrol biosynthesis under different water stress treatments. The results showed that genes encoding PAL(phenylalanin ammonialyase),4CL(4-coumarate-CoA ligase) and STS(stilbene synthase) were abundantly expressed with the synthesis of resveratrol at veraison. There were differences in the contents of grape resveratrol in response to different levels of water stress,all of which could improve the contents of resveratrol and the transcriptional levels of related genes involved in resveratrol synthesis pathway. Water stress could significantly promote the expressions of PAL and STS genes in the early and late stages of veraison,but greatly decreased the transcription level of CHS(chalcone synthase) gene. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between resveratrol content and the transcription levels of PAL and STS genes. Therefore,it could be inferred that water stress could increase the content of resveratrol in grape berries by inducing the expression of PAL,STS genes. This study lays the foundation for further investigating the regulation mechanism of grape resveratrol synthesis.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1501-1507. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1501To dissect the effect of light on the biosynthesis of protein and fatty acid components in Brassica napus L. embryos, this study was carried out by masked the developing silique with tinfoil on the 25 days after the flowering of B. napus(25 d). After 3 days(28 d) and 10 days(35 d), the embryos were collected from seeds in the masked silique, and the embryos from unmasked silique were used as the control. And analysis of chlorophll content、protein content and fatty acid composition was performed. The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll and protein in the masking-treated embryos significantly reduced compared with that in the control. The fatty acid components have differential changed. In which, the content of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) showed significantly increase, while the unsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3) slumped. Furthermore, when the the embryos 25 d after flowering were cultured in medium with electron transport inhibitor N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and the content chlorophyll in the embryos significantly reduced. These results indicated that the light transmitted into embryo greatly affected the biosynthesis of fatty acids in plastids during the development of B.napus embryos, thereby regulating the accumulation of storage reserve in seed.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1508-1518. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1508Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) is an analytical method for investigating the genetic architecture complex across a genome-wide range to find the genetic variation (candidate genes) that play a role in disease or phenotypic variations in crops. GWAS plays an important role in studying different complex traits, indentifing of linked markers and candidate genes. In this paper, we briefly discussed the important factors for GWAS analysis such as population structure, population size, and linkage disequilibrium (LD). Then we highlighted the recent progress on crop breeding by GWAS, and an attempt was made to throw light on existing problems and future development trends by using GWAS for crop breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1519-1526. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1519In order to study the effects of 60Co-γ irradiation combined with 1-methylcyclopropene treatment on the storage quality of blueberry, the “Powderblue”blueberry was used as the experimental material to determine the physiological indexes, nutritional index and related enzyme activities. Postharvest blueberry were divided into 6 treatments under (0±0.5)°C conditions(1.5 kGy irradiation treatment was recorded as A, 2.5 kGy irradiation treatment as B, 1.5 kGy irradiation +1μL·L-1 1-MCP treatment as C, 2.5 kGy irradiation +1μL·L-1 1-MCP treatment as D, 1μL·L-1 1-MCP treatment as E, and control as F).The results showed that: compared with the control (F), the four treatments (A,C,D and E)inhibited the increase of fruit decay rate and decline of flavor index, delayed the physiological metabolism of fruit, maintained better nutritional quality and enzyme activity of fruit, while 2.5 kGy irradiation (E) treatment decreased the firmness, L* value, soluble solids and anthocyanincontent content as well as increased the PG activity. Among them, The decay rates of blueberries in groups A,B,C,D,E and F were 24.94%、38.36%、13.87%、30.78%、22.96% and 48.38% respectively after storage for 80 days. Therefore, 1.5 kGy60Co-γ irradiation combined with 1 μL·L-1 1-MCP treatment had the best fresh-keeping effect on the storage of blueberry fruits. This study could provide a new idea for the storage and preservation of blueberries.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1527-1534. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1527In order to explore the effect of different nano modified low density polyethylene(LDPE) film on postharvest storage of loquat fruit, the effects of different ordinary and nano modified LDPE film on quality and physiological changes of loquat fruit stored at room temperature (20℃) were investigated. The results showed that nano-TiO2, nano-SiO2 and nano-Ag modified LDPE film could significantly inhibit the increase of decay index, weight loss rate and firmness, and the decrease of extractable juice compared with the control (ordinary LDPE film) during the storage of loquat fruit. In addition, three kinds of nano modified LDPE film had the better effects on maintaining of soluble solid contents, titratable acid and vitamin C compared with the control. High levels of total flavonoids content, total phenols contents and antioxidant capacity against DPPH and hydroxyl free radicals were also found in loquat fruit packed with nano modified LDPE film. These results indicated that all the nano modified LDPE film can significantly prolong the sheld life and improve the quality of loquat fruit during storage. Among all film, nano-SiO2 modified LDPE film had potential application in loquat storage with the best efficiency in reducing the quality loss and maintaining antioxidant capacity. This study provide the theoretical basis for application of nano modified LDPE film in the storage of fruits and vegetables.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1535-1543. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1535To expound the quality and edible safety of the bloated crabs under different storage temperature, Portunus trituberculatus was used to make bloated crabs, and the changes of sensory qualities, biogenic amines, total viable counts (TVC), volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) and biagenic amines at frozen storage (-18℃) and refrigerated (4℃) conditions were studied. In addition, the correlation analysis between biogenic amines and other quality indexes was also investigated. The results indicated that the storage temperature had a significant influence on quality indexes of bloated crab. Sensory quality of bloated crabs exceeded acceptable limits under 4℃ and-18℃ on 10th day and 6th month, respectively. With the prolongation of storage time, the TVC value increased remarkably under 4℃ compared with-18℃ freezing condition, but it still less than 5 lg (CFU·g-1) until 16th day. Under the storage conditions of 4℃ and-18℃, the TVB-N value of the bloated crabs exceeded the first-order freshness range on 12th day and 6th month, respectively. Eight biogenic amines were detected in bloated crabs at 4℃, while only five biogenic amines were detected under-18℃ frozen storage. Furthermore, tryptamine, putrescine and tyramine were the main biogenic amines produced during the storage of bloated crabs. The results of this study would provide a theoretical basis for the safety and shelf life prediction of bloated crabs during storage.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1544-1550. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1544In order to explore the antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of cuttlefish gland glycoprotein (CGG), the superoxide anion radical scavenging rate, DPPH free radical scavenging rate, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability were measured to study the anti-oxidation actirities of CGG in ritro and in vivo. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activity of CGG was studied by antibacterial experiments. It was found that the superoxide anion radical scavenging rate, the DPPH free radical scavenging rate and the hydroxyl radical scavenging ability increased were correspondingly increased from 17.51%, 5.7% and 10.38% to 55.84%, 19.5%, 57.94% with the increased of CGG concentration, respectively. Compared with the control groups the catalase (CAT) activity in mice with low, medium and high dose were increased by 21.91%, 126.29%, 135.63%, respectively. Furthermore, the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity in the low, medium and high dose groups was increased by 2.04%, 24.69%, and 28.13%, respectively. The antibacterial experiments showed that when the CGG concentration was 14 mg·mL-1, the inhibition zones of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonadaceae were 15.7,13.6 and 12.5 mm, MIC were 1.25, 7, and 7 mg·mL-1, and the MBC were 14, 28, and 14 mg·mL-1, respectively. The results indicated that the cuttlefish gland glycoprotein squid had certain but relatively weak antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The results can provide certain theoretical basis for the rational utilization of the squid entangled gland, and reference for improving the utilization rate of aquatic resources.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1551-1558. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1551To obtain an appropriate shelling method for Oratosquilla oratoria, the effects of three pre-treatment methods on the shelling efficiency and muscle quality of Oratosquilla oratoria were studied. The shelling time, shrimp meat yeild, drip loss rate, texture, color and the relative content of myofibrillar protein were analyzed after ultra-high pressure(UHP), blanching and frozen storage pre-treatments. Compared with blanching and frozen storage, UHP pretreatment was the most appropriate shelling method for O. oratoria, which could reduce the shelling time and drip loss rate, increase the shrimp meat yield and its integrity, as well as improve the texture quality of hardness, elasticity, chewiness and cohesiveness. When the pressure was 350 MPa and the duration time was 8 min, the shelling efficiency and muscle quality of O. oratoria were improved the most. After high pressure treatment, the pH value and water content of O. oratoria meat slightly increased while the content of myofibrillar protein decreased in some extent. To summarize, the processing condition of UHP with 350 MPa and 8 min can improve the shelling efficiency and maintain its good muscle quality of O. oratoria. The results provide a theoretical basis for the efficient shelling of O. oratoria and the application of UHP technology in the processing of aquatic products.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1559-1568. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1559In order to efficiently utilize the peony seed oil, the extraction rate of peony seed oil was analyzed by single factor test with different leaching solvent, leaching time, solid-liquid ratio, extraction temperature and grinding particle size. Response surface analysis method was used to optimize the extraction process of peony seed oil, and the physicochemical properties of peony seed oil were analyzed and a principal component analysis was used for choosing the best extraction condition. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions of peony seed oil were as follows: organic solvent with petroleum ether, extraction temperature of 57℃, extraction time of 5 h, solid-liquid ratio of 1∶11, and grinding particle size of 40 mesh. In the refining process, 4% boiling water, 8% lye and 2% activated clay were added respectively, and the refined oil phospholipid content, peroxide value, iodine value and acid value were 8.37 mg·100 g-1, 2.48 meq·kg-1, 160.85 g·100 g-1, and 0.37 mg NaOH·g-1, respectively. The refining rate of peony seed oil was 21.37% through active carbon column. The results of this study provided a better procedure for the industrial production of peony seed oil.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1569-1574. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1569To investigate the effects of grape seed procyanidins(GSP)on the intestinal mucosal permeability in nutritional obesity rat models. Normal diet fed rats were set as standard groups, which were given 3mL distilled water 32 high-fat diet-induced obesity rats were divided into 4 groups: control group(distilled water), low dose group,[GSP,75 mg·kg-1·BW·d-1], middle dose group, [GSP,162.5 mg·kg-1·BW·d-1],high dose group,[GSP,250 mg·kg-1·BW·d-1]. All groups intragastric administration for six weeks,and stop feeding about 12 hours. Then the rats were executed, and the relevant indexes of each group were determined. The results showed that the successful rate of establishing the high-fat diet rat models was 48.75%. Compared with model group, the excretion rates of D-lactic acid and lactulose/mannitol in the GSP dose group were significantly lower; the ileal villi height/crypt depth, tight junction protein Occludin and ZO-1 expression were significantly increased, and the number of ileal goblet cells in the high-dose group was significantly higher than that in the control group. This study shows that GSP can improve the intestinal mucosal barrier injury induced by obesity stress in rats, which explained the anti-obesity effect and mechanism of GSP on the obese rats induced by high fat diet.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1575-1583. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1575In order to investigate the effects of dietary krill oil on lipid metabolism, the proteomic changes in the liver of mice which were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) were evaluated using label-free quantitative proteomics. The results showed that compared with the model group, there were 125 up-regulated and 99 down-regulated proteins in control groups, while 109 up-regulated and 95 down-regulated proteins in the experimental groups. The differentially expressed proteins (DEGs) related with lipid metabolism were further analyzed. It was found that PPT1, APOB100, ACADSB, HACD3 and SULT1A1 were all up-regulated, while ACSM3 and ACSF2 were down-regulated both in control and experimental groups. Combined with the results of pathway analysis and the network diagram, proteins including ACADSB, ACSM3 and ACSF2 et al. were found to have important roles in the changes of lipid metabolism caused by the dietary of krill oil. The results of this study would provide a basis for further analyzing the mechanism of action of krill oil and the molecular mechanism of regulating lipid metabolism.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1584-1592. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1584The purpose of this study is to explore the interaction between typical non-meat proteins from animals and myofibrillar protein (MP). Solutions and heat-induced gelation models were established at equal proportion of these two kinds of proteins under simulated meat conditions (0.6 mol·L-1 NaCl, pH 6.25). In this study, porcine plasma proteins (PPP), egg-white protein isolate (EPI) and sodium caseinate (SC) were mixed with MP at the ratio of 1∶1, respectively, and each single protein was used as the control. The viscosity, dynamic viscoelasticity during heating, gel strength and state of water molecule were measured by means of rheometer, texture analyzer and low field nuclear magnetic, respectively. The results showed that, PPP and EPI could form gels independently during the heating process, although the storage modulus (G') was relatively weak, compared with MP. In the meantime, inversely, SC kept as liquid after heating. After the addition of PPP and EPI, the interaction between these two proteins and MP would occur and resulted in a similar structure of gelation network to MP from interaction indexes. The G' of mixed protein did not differ significantly (P>0.05) with MP. Compared with strength of pure MP gel, gel strength of the gel adding PPP did not change significantly (P>0.05), and EPI could enhance the gel strength of MP gel significantly(P<0.05). The addition of PPP or EPI resulted in a significant increase in the water holding capacity of the heat-induced gelations (P<0.05) with, increased immobile wate(P<0.05). The addition of SC would cause negative affections on rheological properties, texture properties and water holding capacities(P<0.05), and the interaction index between SC and MP was negative. In conclusion, addition of PPP and EPI was positively correlated with MP after heating, and at the same time SC played negative roles during the formation process of gel network. This research provide experimental rate on using non-meat proteins in the processing emulsified of meat products.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1593-1601. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1593Biofertilizer has been identified as a substitute for chemical fertilizer to increase the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and crop production in sustainable crop-livestock farming. A field experiment with five treatments(CK, B1N2P2, B1ON1P1, B2N2P2, B2ON1P1) was conducted using reduced application of chemical fertilizer, combined with biofertilizer and organic fertilizer to study the nitrogen mineralization and utilization in different maize growing stages in the Haihe River Basin. The results showed that nitrogen mineralization amount among different growing stages had a similar dynamic changing tendency, but the two treatments combined with biofertilizer and organic fertilizer changed more obviously. In the jointing and tasseling stages, the nitrogen mineralization amount of B1ON1P1 was higher than that of B1N2P2 by 151.29%, 120.09% respectively; B2ON1P1 was 56.28% and 245.04% higher than B2N2P2, respectively. Biofertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer had significant effects on the yield of maize, and the yield of B1N2P2 was the highest, reached 9 960.24 kg·hm-2. The ear average kernel number of B1N2P2 was 29.99% higher than that of the CK. The 1000-kernel weight of B2N2P2was 2.28% higher than that of the CK. The application of biofertilizer significantly reduced the Barren ear tips length, and B2N2P2 length showed the sharpest reduce by 73.29% compared to CK. Biofertilizer 1 can increase nitrogen physiological utilization rate and harvest index. Total nitrogen absorption of B1N2P2 is significantly higher than that of B1ON1P1, which is consistent with the production composition factor. The results of the study showed that 25% reduction in chemical fertilizer and application of biofertilizer can maintain a stable nitrogen mineralization and increase summer maize yield and its components. This study provided reference and basis for the scientific management of nitrogen in farmland in Haihe River Basin and the reduction of agricultural non-point source pollution caused by excessive fertilization.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1602-1610. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1602In order to explore high yield and adaptability of super hybrid rice Xiangliangyou900 in tropical environment in Sanya, Hainan. A field experiments with four levels of nitrogen (N) application rate (0, 150, 225,300 kg·hm-2) and two planting densities (25.0×104, 16.7×104 hills·hm-2) was conducted to study effects of N application rate and plant density on yield components and nitrogen utilization efficiency of super hybrid rice Xiangliangyou900. The results showed that grain yield of super hybrid rice Xiangliangyou900 was significantly affected by N application rate and plant density. Grain yield of super hybrid rice Xiangliangyou900 increases with N application rates and plant density increasing. Its highest grain yield was 15.32 t·hm-2 for the combination of N rate 300 kg·hm-2 and plant density of 25.0×104 hills·hm-2, and the increase advantages of grain yield may be mainly due to the contribution of more panicles per m2, greater total aboveground biomass, larger LAI, and higher chlorophyll content and Pn. N application rate and plant density had effects on nitrogen utilization efficiency, and N application rates play a significant role. The highest of N fertilizer use efficiency was 44.5% in the treatment of N application rate 300 kg·hm-2, but increasing N application rate could significantly increase N fertilizer use efficiency, and also reduce N absorption efficiency, N physiological efficiency and N fertilizer efficiency. Our result suggested that the optimum combination is N application rate of 300 kg·hm-2 and plant density of 25.0×104hills·hm-2 for super hybrid rice Xiangliang900 in consideration of both grain yield and N use efficiency in the test area. The findings provide a scientific basis for super hybrid rice Xiangliangyou900 widely planting in tropical environment (Hainan Province).
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1611-1621. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1611In order to estimate the effects of different seedling strengthening agent on the growth and physiological characteristics of rice seedlings, rice varieties of Longjing 31 and Kendao Rice 24 were used in this experiment, and a total of 9 kinds of regulators were set up,such as paclobutrazol (MET), Abscisic acid (ABA), chitosan oligosaccharide(COS), 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), unic-onazole(S3307),indole-3-butyricacid,potassium-salt(IBAK),mepiquat-chloride(DPC),methyl-1-(3,3-dimenthyl-2-oxobutyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxy-late(CGR3)and diethyl aminoethylhexanoate (DTA-6) "for treatments. CK is a strong seedling without regulators. The effect of different seedlings on the morphological construction, biomass accumulation, distribution and physiological characteristics of rice seedlings was studied. The results showed that MET, COS, ABA, NAA, IBAK, DPC and CGR3 treatments promoted the content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves of Longjing 31 and Kendao 24. Among them, treatment of MET and ABA significantly increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, lutein and total chlorophyll contents in leaves of two cultivars. MET, ABA and COS effectively promoted the transport of assimilated products to roots, and the starch content in roots of the two varieties was higher than CK. All treatments (except NAA and DPC) promoted the growth of Longjing 31 and Kendao 24 seedlings, and their root-shoot ratio was significantly higher than CK. MET, S3307, DPC and DTA-6 treatments improved the seedling in-dex and plant height ratio of the two varieties. MET and S3307 treatments reduced the heights of Longjing 31 and Kengdao 24 and increased the width of stem base. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) of Longjing 31 were higher than those of CK under COS and ABA treatments, while the CAT activity of two cultivars treated with MET reached the maximum of all treatment. In conclusion, MET, ABA and COS can improve the seedling quality and plant resistance of Longjing 31 and Kendao 24, which is beneficial to the growth of rice seedlings, the effect of Kendao 24 was better than Longjing 31 among them. The results of this study provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for the application of regulators in rice seedling strengthening agents and the cultivation of rice seedlings.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1622-1629. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1622
To ascertain the appropriate amount of phosphorus for high-yield summer-sowing soybean cultivation under drip irrigation in northern Xinjiang, the soybean variety Heihe 45 was used as an experimental material and five phosphorus application levels: 0 kg·hm-2, 60 kg·hm-2(P1), 120 kg·hm-2(P2), 180 kg·hm-2(P3) and 240 kg·hm-2(P4) were conducted under drip irrigation in the field to research the impacts of different phosphorus fertilization application on chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield and economic benefits. The results showed that the effect of phosphorus application on chlorophyll content of summer-sowing soybean was not significant. The effect of different treatments on LAI in the early growth stage of summer-sowing soybean was not obvious, but followed the trend of P3>P2>P1>P4>P0 after 30 days of the seedling. At each stages of soybean, the accumulation and distribution of dry matter in medium phosphorus application were better than other treatments, and the order was P3>P2>P4>P1>P0. The yield was the highest at P3, and the average yield of each treatment was 2 526.34 kg·hm-2, which increased by 22.70% than that of non-phosphorus application P0. The highest net income of P3 was 4 637.9 yuan·hm-2, which increased by 86.19%, 28.59%, 4.17% and 57.52% than that of P0, P1, P2 and P4, respectively. Based on comprehensive analysis on growth and development, yield and economic benefits of summer-sowing soybean, it proposed that the appropriate phosphorus application should be controlled between 120 kg·hm-2 and 180 kg·hm-2. These results provided a theoretical basis for suitable phosphorus application amount for the local summer-sowing soybean.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1630-1638. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1630
In order to find the effect of supplemental light at night on the control of cucumber disease and the growth, cucumber variety Jin you 35 was used as experimental materials, by the method of supplementing UV-C(253.7 nm), blue light (460 nm), blue light/UV-C composite light at night, four treatments including: UV-C, blue light, blue light/UV-C and no lighting(CK), to explore the effect of different light on the control of cucumber diseases and growing development in greenhouse. The results showed that the control effect of powdery mildew in cucumber was 96.01% under the UV-C treatment, and the control effects at the blue light and blue light/UV-C were not obvious compared with CK. The effect of different light on the control of downy mildew was insignificant. The activities of POD, CAT, PAL, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase, and the contents of lignin treated with UV-C were significantly higher than those of the control. Blue light and blue light/UV-C had no significant effect on the activities of antagonistic enzymes. All treatments had no significant effect on the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and yield of cucumber. The result of this study provides a theoretical basis for the control of cucumber disease in greenhouse.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1639-1646. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1639In order to explore the effect of Se on the growth of pecan, pecan seedlings were treated with different concentrations of Na2SeO3 [0(CK), 0.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 μmol·L-1], and then the growth and physiological indexes of seedlings were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the low concentration of Se could promote growth, biomass accumulation and enzyme activity, while the high concentration of Se inhibited growth, accumulation of dry matter, enzyme activity, and photosynthetic rate. And, the higher the concentration of Se, the more obvious the inhibition effect. Treated by 80 μmol·L-1, the root length of seedlings was significantly shorter than that of control by 55.36%, while other morphological traits were not significantly different from those of the control group. Se treatment significantly increased the Se content in the pecan seedlings. With the increase of Se concentration, the Se content in the leaves and roots of the seedlings increased at first and then decreased. When the Se concentration was higher than 0.5 μmol·L-1, all the treatments showed significant differences to the control. Under treatment of 40 μmol·L-1 Se, the Se content increased 1 682 times in leaves and 482 times in the roots. Low Se concentration (less than 10 μmol·L-1) could promote the accumulation of Mn2+ and Mg2+ in roots, and Zn2+ content in leaves. When the concentration of Se was higher than 5 μmol·L-1, it promoted the accumulation of Zn2+ in the root. When the concentration of Se was higher than 10 μmol·L-1, more Mn2+ was accumulated in the stem. The content of Mn2+ in the stem was 9.29 times that of the control group under the treatment of 80 μmol·L-1 Se. The activity of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased at first and then decreased with the increase of Se concentration, and reached the highest level under the 0.5 μmol·L-1 Se treatment, which were 1 698.63 U·mg prot-1 and 1 912.28 U·mg prot-1, respectively. Low concentration of Se and the duration of Se application had no significant effect on photosynthesis, while high concentration of Se inhibited photosynthesis. This result of study laid a foundation for further revealing the mechanism of Se accumulation and the effective use of Se.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1647-1657. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1647The aim of this study was to explore the applicability of the potato-specific growth simulation model SOLANUM to the prediction of potato potential yield in central and eastern Gansu province and analyze the effect of main climatic factors on potato yield gap in the region. Three potato genotypes were employed to calculate and calibrate the model parameters of potato varieties in Tianshui and Dingxi city of Gansu province by using SOLANUM model, and evaluate the SOLANUM model statistically. The results showed that the root-mean-square error (RRMSE) of both yield and canopy coverage simulation results in the suitability evaluation of the SOLANUM model in Gansu province was ranged from 16% to 76.2%, and the model Forecasting Efficiency (EF) was between 0.068 and 0.805. The correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient between productivity difference change and solar radiation change is 0.8, and the correlation coefficient between productivity difference change and annual rainfall change is 0.71. The correlation coefficient between potential yield and annual rainfall was 0.92, and that between potential yield and annual rainfall was 0.78. The correlation coefficient between actual yield and annual rainfall was 0.89, and that between actual yield and annual rainfall was 0.68. In summary, the SOLANUM model has applicability to the simulation of potato potential yield and canopy cover in the central and eastern regions of Gansu province, however, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study on the estimation of potato growth and growth period, so as to improve the accuracy and applicability of the model simulation. It was suggested that late-maturing varieties should be cultivated in Gansu province to reduce the yield gap. The results provid decision-making basis for supplementing the simulation accuracy of SOLANUM model and increasing the potential yield of potato in Gansu province.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2019, 33(8): 1658-1665. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2019.08.1658This study aimed to understand the changes of the active substance contents and their contributions to the antioxidant properties in leaves of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. and its two related germplasm R. sterilis S.D. Shi and R. roxburghii f. Eseiosa Ku. The contents of vitamin C (Vc) total triterpenoids, total phenols, total flavonoids, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in leaves of three developmental stages (young leaves, mature leaves and old leaves) of the three germplasms. The iron ion reduction (FRAP), 2,2'-amino-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) ammonium salt (ABTS) and1,1-, two phenyl,-2-hydrazine group (DPPH) were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity in vitro and the principal component analysis of five kinds of antioxidant active substances were also made.The results showed that the changes of total phenolics, total flavonoids, Vc contents and SOD activities and the three antioxidant activities presented mature leaves> young leaves> old leave in 3 different leaf ages of 3 materials, while the total triterpenoids have the highest content in the old leaves. In mature leaves of 3 materials, the total phenolic contents and ABTS·+ free radical scavenging capacity of R. roxburghii f. Eseiosa, the Vc contents and DPPH·+ free radical scavenging capacity of R. roxburghii and the SOD activity and FRAP free radical capacity of R. sterilis were higher than the other two materials, whereas the total triterpene contents in old leaves of R. roxburghii were significantly higher than the other two materials. Correlation analysis showed that total phenol, total flavonoids and Vc were significantly positively correlated with the value of three antioxidant methods. The principal component analysisindicated that the five active compounds with antioxidant capacity in mature leaves contributed to the antioxidant properties showed total phenols and Vc > total triterpenes and SOD > total flavones, and the cumulative contribution rate of the three components were more than 90%. The above results provide important theoretical basis for understanding and developing the functional components of three Rosa germplasms leaves.
