10 June 2023, Volume 37 Issue 6
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1089-1098. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1089
In order to explore the role of peroxidases class Ⅲ （PERs） in the response of medicinal plants to ionizing radiation， this study investigated the characteristics of PgPERs family in Platycodon grandiflorus and the expression regulation of PgPERs in seedlings after high energy heavy ion beam and X-ray radiation. Totally 53 PgPERs were obtained by sequence alignment， domain identification and protein conserved motif analysis. The length of protein sequences are mainly between 258 and 621 amino acids， and the majority are alkaline protein. The analysis of promoter regulatory elements showed that PgPERs have many cis-acting elements related to growth and development， plant hormone and stress response. According to the evolutionary analysis， the PgPERs are mainly divided into five clusters， 29 PgPERs showed collinearity with AtPERs in Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression
of three PgPERs genes are up-regulated after high energy heavy ion beam irradiation， while eight PgPERs genes are differentially expressed after X-ray irradiation. The secondary structures of the proteins encoded by the differential genes are dominantly α-helix and random coil. The tertiary structures are highly similar and contain transmembrane helices. The results demonstrated that PgPERs have different response mechanisms to different ionizing radiations. This study provided a new perspective for exploring the effects of ionizing radiation on the growth and development and radiation respone process of platycodon grandiflorus. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1099-1110. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1099
To explore the regulation mechanism of compound leaf development of Adzuki bean， a stable genetic pentafoliate compound leaf mutant pcl （pentafoliate compound leaf） was obtained from Adzuki bean cultivar jingnong 6 with electron beam irradiation. The main agronomic traits， genetic analysis， gene mapping， and transcriptome analysis were carried out. The results showed that plant height， stem diameter， the number of pods per plant and pod width， the number of pods per plant and yield per plant， and 100-seed weight of pentafoliate compound leaf adzuki bean were significantly higher than those of trifoliolate leaf adzuki bean individual. Genetic analysis showed that pentafoliate compound leaf were controlled by a pair of recessive genes. The mutant locus was located with a region of about 500 Kb on the end of chromosome 5， and a total of 27 genes were annotated in this region. A base mutation was found in the TATA-box of the promoter region of VaTMK3 gene by chromosome walking， and the mutation site was co-segregated with the trait. Transcriptome and real-time quantitative PCR （qRT-PCR） analysis showed that the expression of VaTMK3， which is involved in auxin signal transduction and regulation of cell expansion and proliferation， was significantly up-regulated. Meanwhile， the expression levels of auxin transmembrane transporter protein genes VaPIN1a， VaPIN1b， VaLAX1， VaLAX3， and VaLAX5 were increased. It was preliminarily determined that the candidate gene of pentafoliate leaf leaf mutations was VaTMK3， which affected the transport of auxin in leaves and thus affected the development of compound leaves. This study provided a theoretical basis for further analysing the molecular mechanism of the regulation of adzuki bean compound leaf development. It laid a foundation for the development regulation network of Adzuki bean compound leaves.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1111-1117. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1111
In this study， Pinyamycin （PYM） was employed to generate sweetpotato mutants and salt-resistant mutants were screened. We found that the half lethality concentration of PYM was 1.00 mg·L-1 for Xushu 18 stem segments growing under MS medium for 14 days. And 125 mmol·L-1 NaCl was optimal for salt-resistant mutants screening. The sweetpotato materials treated with 1.00 mg·L-1 PYM for 14 days were inoculated into the screening medium containing 125 mmol·L-1 NaCl，and salt-resistant plants were screened by rooting rate. Three sweetpotato mutants with the highest rooting rate were selected and evaluated under NaCl stress. Based on the root length， plant height， fresh weight of root， fresh weight of above-ground， total fresh weight as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， peroxidase （POD）， catalase （CAT） and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA）， the three mutants showed better morphological and physiological indexes than the parent Xushu 18. The membership function analysis showed that the three mutants had higher salt-resistance than the parent Xushu 18. Compared with the parent Xushu 18， the expression of IbSOD， IbPOD， IbAPX， and IbSOS genes related to salt-resistance was all significantly higher in the three mutants under salt stress. The salt-resistant sweetpotato mutants screened in this study are of great significance for the development of new sweetpotato varieties and the study on genetic mechanism of salt-resistance.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1118-1129. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1118
To investigate the pattern of chloroplast codon usage in cowpea （Vigna unguiculata）， the complete cowpea genome sequence was downloaded from NCBI and structurally analysed in this study. The sequences were screened to obtain 50 protein-coding sequences （CDS）， which were analysed by CodonW and CUSP to obtain important parameters such as GC1， GC2， GC3， RSCU， CAI， CBI， Fop， ENc， RFSC， and further analysed by neutral plot analysis， PR2-plot analysis， ENc-plot analysis， correspondence analysis， optimal codon analysis and comparative analysis of other species. The results showed that cowpea chloroplast gene codons preferred to end at A or U（T）， and G and C were lower in all positions of codons， with a mean value of 36.31%. The mean value of the effective codon number ENc was 44.903， with weak codon preference； there was correlation between GC1 and GC2 and GC3， indicating that base mutations also had an effect on codon selection. From the neutral plot， PR2-plot and ENc-plot， it is clear that cowpea chloroplast codon usage bias is influenced by both base mutations and natural selection. In this study， totally 20 optimal codons were successfully screened. Compared with other species， cowpea and tomato have high similarity in codon usage frequency. This study provides a reference for improving the efficiency of cowpea chloroplasts genes as an exogenous gene expression.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1130-1137. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1130
FLOWERING LOCUS T （FT） is a key gene in the regulation of plant flowering pathways. When comparing the promoters of BcFT in late-flowering wym-97 and early-flowering cx-49 cultivars， it was found that there was a 1 577 bp insertion in the BcFT promoter of cx-49. In order to explore the effect of the inserted fragment on the flowering of non-heading Chinese cabbage， a yeast hybrid cDNA library of non-heading Chinese cabbage was constructed， and the interacting protein with the BcFT promoter was screened by yeast one-hybrid technology. The results showed that the library capacity of the cDNA library obtained in this study was 1.8×106 CFU， and the recombination rate was 100%. The length distribution of the inserts ranged from about 400 to 2 000 bp， and the average length was greater than 1 000 bp， indicating that the non-heading cabbage yeast hybrid cDNA library was successfully constructed. In addition， the self-activation assay showed that 800 ng·mL-1 of AbA could inhibit the self-activation of the bait vector. The upstream proteins BcSAP18 and BcDEAR2 that bind the BcFT promoter insert were screened by yeast one-hybrid assay. Therefore， this study successfully constructed a non-heading cabbage yeast hybrid cDNA library and obtained the interaction protein of the BcFT promoter insert， which laid the foundation for further research on the regulatory mechanism of the BcFT in the flowering of non-heading cabbage.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1138-1149. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1138
JAZ protein is an important component of jasmonic acid （JA） pathway， and also a key factor participating in plant growth， development， and stress response. JAZ9 is one of the TIFY family genes encoding JAZs protein. In order to study the function of European grape VvJAZ9 protein involved in low temperature stress， the
full-length of VvJAZ9 was obtained from Chardonnay （Vitis vinifera cv.） by homologous cloning. The ORF of VvJAZ9 gene is 807 bp， encoding 268 amino acids， locates on chromosome 11 and carries 5 exons and 4 introns. The VvJAZ9 protein has the highly conserved TIFY and CCT_2 domains and has the closest identities with AtJAZ1 and AtJAZ2. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of VvJAZ9 was increased after low temperature treatment from 1 h to 24 h， and the highest expression was observed at 24 h. The subcellular localization results also confirmed that VvJAZ9 was localized in the nucleus. To obtain the VvJAZ9-His fusion protein， VvJAZ9 ORF sequence was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET28b， transformed into E.? coli BL21 and induced by 1.0 mmol?L-1 IPTG at 37 ℃. After antigen purification and immunization， the rabbit monoclonal antibody of VvJAZ9 protein was obtained. Western blot results demonstrated that the anti-VvJAZ9 antibody could specifically recognize different forms of JAZ9 protein such as grape endogenous JAZ9 protein， VvJAZ9-MYC fusion protein and VvJAZ9-GFP fusion protein. At the same time， the abundance of JAZ9 protein in grape protoplasts decreased with 10 μmol?L-1 MeJA treatment. The results of this study provide a basis for the biological function research of VvJAZ9 gene. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1150-1157. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1150
To analyze the correlation between yield and milling traits of foxtail millet， 150 foxtail millet germplasm resources were used for exploring the relationship between seven yield traits and three milling traits. The statistical analysis including simple correlation analysis， path analysis， and multiple regression analysis， were conducted. The results showed that there was abundant variation in the yield traits and milling quality traits， with a coefficient of variation ranged from 3.74%～38.57%. The variation coefficient of single spike weight was the largest， while that of the hulling ratio was the smallest. The head millet rate had a very significant positive correlation with hulling ratio （r=0.780）， milled millet yield （r=0.796） and panicle diameter （r=0.218）， had a very significant negative correlation with panicle length （r=-0.296） and single spike weight （r=-0.283）， and a significant negative correlation with spike grain weight （r=-0.176） and grain number per spike （r=-0.163）. By stepwise regression analysis， the head millet rate was mainly determined by panicle length， panicle diameter， single spike weight， spike grain weight， milled millet yield and hulling ratio. The results of path analysis showed that the panicle diameter， milled millet yield， and hulling ratio had direct positive effects on head millet rate， and the panicle length and single spike weight had direct negative effects on head milled rate. The spike grain weight had a main indirect effect on head millet rate through the single spike weight. Ten traits were classified into five principal components with principal component analysis， and the accumulative contribution rate was 87.897%。The contribution rate of the first and second principal components was 32.226% and 25.692%， representing yield and milling quality components， respectively. Therefore， the test showed that selecting varieties with higher milled millet yield and hulling ratio， properly increase panicle diameter， as well as lower single spike weight and panicle length can coordinate the relationship between yield and milling quality at a higher level. These results would provide a theoretical basis for the newly developed foxtail millet cultivars.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1158-1165. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1158
To investigate the expression of Collagen1 and Collagen3 in pulmonary fibrosis tissue of yak and clarify the roles of Collagen1 and Collagen3 in pulmonary fibrosis process of yak. The normal and fibrosis lung tissue of yak were collected and divided into control group and experimental group. HE staining， Masson staining and transmission electron microscope were used to observe the pathological changes of lung ultrastructure and fibrosis state； qRT-PCR， Western-blot， immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression of Collagen1 and Collagen3 genes and proteins in groups. The results showed that the yak lung tissue structure of the control group was intact， the alveolar septum was normal and there was no inflammatory exudate in bronchial lumen and alveolar cavity. while in experimental group， lung tissue showed necrosis， nuclear fragmentation and dissolution， severe hemorrhage and extensive pulmonary edema. The expression of Collagen1 in experimental group is higher， while the expression of Collagen3 is lower than that in control group. In experimental group， Collagen1 and Collagen3 proteins were proliferated massively and distributed in alveolar septum extensively. The other distributions were basically the same as control group but stronger than in control group. In conclusion， Collagen1 and Collagen3 play important roles in yak pulmonary fibrosis.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1166-1173. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1166
To develop a new potato bacteriostatic material， carvone/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was prepared through a co-evaporation-freeze drying method， and its stability constant was determined by phase solubility method. The formation of the inclusion complex was characterized by UV spectra， 1HNMR spectra， thermogravimetric analysis， scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Besides， the inhibition effect of the complex on Fusarium sulphureum was studied. The results showed that carvone and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin successfully produced a host-guest ratio of 1∶1 complex and the yield was 93.6%. The apparent constant of the complex was 409.39 L·mol-1.The water solubility and thermal stability of carvone were significantly improved after forming the complex. Moreover， the complex presented obvious inhibitory effects on Fusarium sulfornium， with the EC50 value of 3.11 mmol·L-1. Therefore， the preparation of volatile liquid carvone into solid complex was feasible. In addition， the complex had strong antibacterial activity against Fusarium sulfornium， a pathogen of dry rot disease during potato storage. This study could provide support for the development of new potato antibacterial preservation materials.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1174-1184. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1174
In order to study the quality changes of indica-japonica hybrid rice under different storage temperatures and explore its aging mechanism， the Yongyou1540 rice was packaged and stored at a constant temperature and humidity chamber at 15， 25 and 35 ℃ （humidity 60%） for 180 days. The appearance， physicochemical， cooking， gelatinization and other quality indexes were detected every 30 days， and the volatile components were measured every 90 days. The results showed that the L* value， fat content， lipase activity， protein content， sulfhydryl content， catalase activity， elasticity， adhesiveness and rice soup solid content of Yongyou 1540 indica-japonica hybrid rice gradually decreased with the extension of storage time， while the a* value， cooking water absorption， expansion rate， rice hardness， peak viscosity， disintegration value， retrogradation value and gelatinization temperature increased all the time. Except for a few indexes such as b* value， the correlation of all indexes was significant （P< 0.01）. The GC-IMS results showed that there were complex changes of Yongyou 1540 rice during storage. The content of alcohols and ketones increased， and the content of aldehydes decreased in the first 90 days of storage. The content of terpenes increased significantly from 90 to 180 days. To be noted， the increase of temperature will aggravate the above reaction. This study provides data support and theoretical basis for the storage and transportation of indica-japonicahybrid rice.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1185-1192. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1185
To clarify and rapidly predict the freezing point and supercooling point of fresh meat， the freezing point and supercooling point of fresh meat from different cuts of livestock and poultry breeds were determined， and the reasons for the difference of freezing point and supercooling point were analyzed， and the prediction models of freezing point and supercooling point were constructed. The results showed that the freezing point temperature range of pork， beef， lamb， and chicken was -1.48~-1.21 ℃ and -2.69~-2.27 ℃， -1.53~-1.10 ℃ and -2.72~-2.08 ℃， -1.32~-0.76 ℃ and -3.14~-1.84 ℃， -1.44~-1.21 ℃ and -2.20~-2.10 ℃， respectively； the freezing point temperature of duck meat was -1.07 ℃， and the temperature range of supercooling point was -1.99~-1.65 ℃. The freezing point and supercooling point of pork， beef， and lamb leg meat were higher than the belly meat （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the freezing point and supercooling point of breast meat and thigh meat of chicken and duck （P>0.05）. The freezing point and supercooling point of fresh meat were positively correlated with the moisture content. The freezing point and supercooling point were significantly positively correlated with P22， and the correlation coefficients were 0.84 and 0.83， respectively. The optimal models for P22 to predict the freezing point and supercooling point of fresh pork are ExpDec1 and Logistic fitting models. The formulas are y=-1.427 3×exp（-x/1.515 39）-0.360 95 （R2=0.882 84） and y=-2.615 9-1.823 55/（1+（x/0.569 71）9.369 61） （R2=0.903 7）， which can better predict the freezing point and supercooling point. This study provides a new method for quickly obtaining the freezing point and supercooling point of fresh meat， which provides data support for the application of ice temperature and supercooling technology.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1193-1200. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1193
To improve the utilization of gardenia flower resources， the nutrition， active ingredient content and antioxidant capacity of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var. fortuniana （Lindl.） Hara. at three flowering stages： bud， bloom and decay were compared and analyzed. Gardenia flower in full bloom are used as raw materials， the content of active ingredients and the differences in antioxidant， α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and antibacterial ability in four extracts of different solvents （petroleum ether， ethanol， water） and steam distillation were compared. The results showed that the contents of total fat， total sugar and protein of gardenia flower in different florescence had little difference， while the contents of total phenols， total flavonoids， total iridoids and antioxidant capacity in blooming period were significantly higher than other florescence periods （P<0.05）. The total phenols （6.32%）， total flavonoids （8.40%）， total iridoids （19.80%） and the free radical scavenging capacity DPPH （IC50=98.50 μg·mL-1）， ABTS （IC50=65.79 μg·mL-1）， and the inhibition capacity of α-glucosidase activity （IC50=275.48 μg·mL-1） of gardenia extract with ethanol extraction are the best among all extractives. In terms of bacteriostatic effect， inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli （11.37 mm）， Bacillus subtilis （10.33 mm） and Yeast （9.83 mm） under steam distillation method are second to none. To sum up， gardenia flowers at the blooming stage contains higher amounts of nutrients and active ingredients. The ethanol extract has good antioxidant activities， and the steam distillate has the best antibacterial effect， which provides data support for the development and employment of gardenia as a potential antioxidative food and natural bacteriostatic agent.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1201-1209. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1201
To explore the α-glucosidase inhibitors in Eriobotrya japonica extracts， this study examines and reveals the main active components of α-glucosidase inhibitors based on the link between their active ingredients and the enzyme inhibition activity. Extracts from habitat specific loquat leaf were obtained using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry， and the inhibitory effect of glucosidase was investigated. Partial least squares regression analysis was used to determine its activity， which was then confirmed by molecular docking. All ten extracts were effective α-glucosidase inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 1.31 μg·mL-1 to 2.65 μg·mL-1， which were stronger than the positive control acarbose （IC50 was 81.98 μg·mL-1）. The wild loquat leaves from Hanzhong and Shanxi province showed the strongest inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 1.31 μg·mL-1 and competitive inhibition of α-glucosidase. A total of 16 shared peaks were identified in the UPLC-MS characteristic fingerprint profiles of 10 batches of samples， of which 6 shared peaks showed a positive correlation between the regression coefficients and the inhibitory activity， with greater variable importance and greater contribution to inhibitory activity. The four components were identified as corosolic acid， methyl corosoate， quinic acid， and nerolido-3-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1→4）-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1→2）-［α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1→6）］-β-D-glucopyranoside through comparison with secondary mass spectrometry， databases， and standards. Further molecular docking results show that the binding energy to α-glucosidase of four active ingredients was less than -6.0 kcal·mol-1， and the binding energy of Corosolic acid was the lowest （-8.9 kcal·mol-1）， which mainly acts on the enzyme activity center through hydrogen bonds. This study investigated α-glucosidase inhibitors in loquat leaf， which may help to develop hypoglycemic drugs from natural sources.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1210-1217. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1210
In order to analyze the changes of cAMP-dependent protein kinase （PKA） activity with postmortem time in different quality meat， sheep longissimus dorsi muscle was used as the experimental material. The samples were divided into high quality and low quality groups according to shear stress， a* value and cooking loss 1 day after postmortem， with 9 samples in each group. The changes of PKA activity， sodium ion content， cAMP content， ATP content and sarcoplasmic protein phosphorylation level in different quality groups were studied at 1 h， 12 h， 1 d， 3 d and 5 d after slaughter. The results showed that the activity of PKA， the content of ATP and cAMP， and the phosphorylation level of sarcoplasmic protein in low quality group were significantly higher than those in high quality group at 1 h and 12 h after postmortem （P<0.05）. The content of ATP in the low-quality group was higher than that in high quality group at 12 h and 3 d after postmortem （P<0.05）. The content of cAMP in the low-quality group was significantly higher than that in the low-quality group at 1 h and 12 h after postmortem （P<0.05）， and the content of cAMP in the low-quality group was significantly higher than that in the high quality group at 1， 3 and 5 d after postmortem （P<0.05）. With the prolongation of postmortem time， the activities of PKA at 1 h， 12 h and 1 d were significantly lower than that at 5 d （P<0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that PKA activity was positively correlated with the sodium ion content and sarcoplasmic protein phosphorylation level， but negatively correlated with the cAMP and ATP content. The above results indicated that PKA activity was affected by meat quality and postmortem time. PKA activity increased with the postmortem time， which was higher in the low-quality meat samples. PKA activity was positively correlated with the sodium ion content. The results can provide a theoretical basis for improving the meat quality with adjusting PKA activity with changing sodium ion concentration according to the raw meat quality and post-slaughter time.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1218-1226. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1218
Fluidity is an important indicator of the powder properties of infant formula milk powder. To explore the relationship between particle size distribution， water content and fluidity of infant formula milk powder. 14 different brands of infant formula powder from China and abroad were analyzed， and the degree of compressibility and Carr index were used as the fluidity evaluation index. The relationship between particle size distribution and compressibility and the multiple linear regression model of Carr index were established. The results showed that the compressibility of domestic infant formula was significantly higher than that of imported infant formula， while the Carr index was lower than that of infant formula. The particle volume ratio of fine powder （≤100 μm） was significantly higher than that of foreign brands， while the particle volume ratio of coarse powder （≥200 μm） was significantly lower than that of foreign brands. The particle volume proportion of fine powder particles （0-30， 0-50， 0-100 μm） was extremely significantly positively correlated with the compression degree （P<0.01） and was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the Carr index （P<0.01）. The proportion of particle volume （200-300， 300-500， >500 μm） was extremely significantly negatively correlated with compressibility （P<0.01） and was extremely significantly positively correlated with Carr index （P<0.01）. Through regression analysis， the volume proportion of particles with particle size distribution of 0-30， 0-50， 0-100， 200-300， 300-500 and >500 μm was 0.78%-1.64% and 2.24%-4.81%， 8.64%-16.45%， 24.21%-27.64%， 11.10%-16.26% and 5.36%-6.65%. The particle size distribution width （span） and consistency （uniformity） are 1.45-1.71 and 0.45-0.52 respectively. The infant formula has a good degree of compression （ranging from 15% to 20%）. Based on the least square estimation method， a multiple linear regression model of particle size distribution， water activity， and water content and Carr index can be used to improve and predict the fluidity of infant formula. This study provides a reference for the improvement of the production process of infant formula.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1227-1234. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1227
In order to establish a new paper colorimetric method for accurate and rapid determination of lipid peroxide value. In this study， ferrous ion was firstly constructed on the surface of filter paper in the form of nano composite via sol-gel method. Then， the ferrous ions can be converted to ferric ions to form orange-red complexes with xylenol orange （XO） by using the peroxidation property of the oil. The peroxide value of edible oil is indicated by the depth of color on filter paper. After the optimization of the experimental parameters， the peroxide value of the oil is closely related to the color depth， and the peroxide value of the oil can be directly judged according to the color depth. Furthermore， based on the image recognition mode of ImageJ software， the actual oil samples can be semi-quantitative detected. The rapid and convenient direct reading determination of oil peroxide value can be achieved that the correlation coefficient can reach 0.9852， and the minimum detection limit can reach 0.2 mmol·kg-1. It is found that xylenol orange as the color developing agent has good stability and iron ion nano silica composite is helpful to construct stable oil peroxide value test paper color developing system. The paper provides a new method for the rapid detection of oil peroxide value on situ.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1235-1243. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1235
To investigate the impact of exogenous selenium fertilizer on selenium accumulation and nutritional quality of ginger （Zingiber Officinale Roscoe）， a field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of two types of selenium-containing conditioners （potassium silicate and maifanstone） and their application rates on the selenium content， growth and development indicators， antioxidant enzyme parameters， nutritional quality， yield of ginger， soil pH， and selenium form changes. The results indicate that both selenium-containing conditioners significantly increased the selenium content of ginger. As the application rate of the conditioners increased， so did the effect of selenium enrichment. The potassium silicate type outperformed the maifanstone type， with T3 （potassium silicate type of 3.6 kg·hm-2） producing the most substantial effects. Compared with the control group， T3 increased the selenium content of ginger shoots and ginger blocks by 254.87% and 366.03%， respectively. Both selenium-containing conditioners boosted ginger yield and the contents of N， P and K from 22.25% to 66.59%， 7.71% to 29.08%， 15.83% to 43.32% and 18.29% to 41.92%， respectively. The study showed that the utilization of selenium-containing conditioners resulted in an increase of 0.33-1.86 percentage points in the soluble sugar content of ginger， while the soluble protein and curcumin content increased from 56.56% to 115.47% and 15.86% to 68.07%， respectively. The activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）and peroxidase（POD）in ginger leaves augmented from 38.07% to 78.82% and 26.80% to 40.38%， respectively. Additionally， the application of selenium-containing conditioners lowered the content of malondialdehyde（MDA） from 10.76% to 50.51%. The conditioners also led to an observable increase of 0.35-0.67 in soil pH compared with control. Soluble selenium（SOL-Se）， exchangeable selenium and carbonate bound selenium（EXC-Se）content in soil also increased by 1.58-4.57 and 4.09-8.23 percentage points， respectively， while residual selenium（RES-Se）was reduced by 1.22-2.84 percentage points. The T3 treatment， with a potassium silicate type of 3.6 kg·hm-2， produced the best effect on soil active selenium. Consequently， the application of selenium-containing conditioners significantly improved the nutritional quality of ginger， promoting its growth， quality and yield， while enriching the selenium accumulation. These findings provide theoretical support and technical insights for the high-quality production of selenium-enriched ginger.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1244-1252. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1244
The arid， cold and damp climate and low fertility conditions in the eastern agricultural region of Qinghai Province lead to the different decomposition regularity of organic materials in this area when compared with other areas. Therefore， it is of great significance to figure out the change characteristics of the decomposition regularity in this region for the returning of organic materials to the fields of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this experiment， the nylon bag landfill method was adopted， and potato straw （MLS）， rape straw （YC）， Jerusalem artichoke straw （JY）， wheat straw （MG） and green manure stalk （MS） were used as test materials. Then， the decomposition law of materials after returning to the field was studied， and the characteristic parameters of the decomposition equation were predicted by the content of organic components. The results showed that the decay residual rate of each treatment showed a rapid decline at the early stage （0 to 42 d） and a slow decline at the later stage. When the decomposition ends， the decomposition residual rates of MLS， YC， JY， MG， and MS were 37.86%， 40.75%， 47.18%， 48.35% and 18.08%，cellulose， hemicellulose and lignin were 63%-84%， 53%-69% and 23%-40%， respectively. Correlation coefficient matrix analysis showed that material decomposition rate was significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with hemicellulose content， lignin content， soil temperature and air temperature， and extremely significantly positively correlated with soil moisture. The dual library exponential decay model can well simulate the relationship between the residual rate of material quality and the decomposition time， and the coefficients of determination of the equations were all greater than 0.96. The decomposition equation of organic materials in this area was obtained by multivariate stepwise regression. Moreover， the initial cellulose， hemicellulose and lignin contents can well predict the ratio of decomposition part and the average turnover day of decomposition part of the characteristic parameters of the decomposition equation. As a field returning material， the decomposition effect of green manure vetch was better than that of other crop straws. The results of this study can provide theoretical and technical guidance for the returning of organic materials to the agricultural regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1253-1262. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1253
To explore effects of microbial agents on strawberry （Fragaria × ananassa Duch.） growth and soil properties， three treatments were set up in this study： without microbial agent （CK）， with single microbial agent （T1） and with compound microbial agent （T2）. Strawberry survival rate and yield were calculated， and soil samples were collected to measure soil physico chemical traits and microbial community structure. The results showed that application of microbial agents significantly improved the growth and yield of strawberry. Compared with CK， the treatments of T1 and T2 increased the strawberry survival rate by 17.99 and 25.19 percentage points， respectively， and increased strawberry yield by 30.16% and 41.79%， respectively. The microbial agents significantly improved soil fertility. Compared with CK， T2 treatment significantly increased soil available phosphorus and available potassium content by 18.31% and 55.27%， respectively. However， microbial agents enhanced soil electrical conductivity and lowered soil pH， which indicates long-term application of microbial agent may raise the risk of soil salinization and acidification. The results of microbial community structure showed that Firmicutes and Ascomycota were the dominant bacteria and fungi at phylum level， and Bacillus and Aspergillus were the dominant bacteria and fungi at genus level. Both two types of microbial agents increased the richness and diversity of soil fungal community， but had a negligible effect on the soil bacterial community. Compared with CK， the microbial agents increased the relative abundance of Bacillus， Rhizopus and Pseudallescheria， in which the relative abundance of Rhizopus and Pseudallescheria reached a significant level in T2 treatment. The microbial agents decreased the relative abundance of Sphingomonas，Aspergillus and Penicillium， while the relative abundances of Aspergillus and Penicillium were significantly decreased by 14.62 and 1.79 percentage points in T2 treatment， respectively. The results of redundancy analysis show that microbial agents， especially compound microbial agents， can significantly improve soil physico chemical properties and microbial community， which is beneficial to reduce the occurrence of diseases and increase the yield of strawberry. This study provided biocontrol materials and theoretical basis for the sustainable development of the strawberry industry.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1263-1269. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1263
Benefit of strong-gluten variety wheat and non-strong-gluten variety wheat in Yanjin County of Henan province is compared and analyzed with their quality in quantitative terms， so as to provide reference for setting policies to enhance farmers' planting initiative and the yield of strong-gluten variety wheat. 257 copies of production cost of strong-gluten variety wheat and non-strong-gluten variety wheat in Yanjin County were collected， which were processed through distribution and pair analysis. Besides， the wheat samples of Yanjin County harvested in summer of 2019—2021 were collected， whose quality was measured and evaluated， so as to run a comprehensive analysis on the benefit of strong-gluten variety wheat and non-strong-gluten variety wheat in Yanjin County. During 2019—2021， the protein content and stability time of strong-gluten variety wheat were remarkably higher than those of non-strong-gluten variety wheat by 0.8 percentage point and 11.7 min， respectively （P<0.01）. The standard-reaching percent of high-quality strong-gluten wheat were 30.77% and 4.30%， respectively. The seed cost per mu of strong-gluten variety wheat in Yanjin County is significantly higher than that of non-strong-gluten variety wheat by 14 RMB yuan， and there is no significant difference between the two total costs. The yield per mu of strong-gluten variety wheat was significantly lower than that of non-strong-gluten variety by 25 kg， but the price per kg was significantly higher than that of non-strong-gluten variety wheat by 0.28 yuan， and the sales revenue per mu was significantly higher than that of non-strong-gluten variety wheat by 94 yuan. It is concluded that there is no significant difference between the total production cost of strong-gluten variety wheat and non-strong-gluten variety wheat in Yanjin County， while the protein content， dough stability time and sales revenue per mu of strong-gluten variety wheat are much higher than those of non-strong-gluten variety wheat according to the collected data. The price per kg of strong-gluten variety wheat would increase 0.011 yuan if the standard-reaching percent of high-quality wheat of strong-gluten variety wheat increased 1 percentage point. Besides， the hectares of strong-gluten variety wheat would go 1 percentage point higher if the sales revenue per mu of strong-gluten variety wheat went 3 yuan higher than that of non-strong-gluten variety wheat. The results are contribute to formulating policy measures to improve the yield of strong gluten wheat varieties and farmers planting initiative.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1270-1278. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1270
To alleviate effect of saline-alkali stress on the growth and development of wheat， and elucidate the physiological response mechanism of wheat to saline-alkali stress， the saline-alkali tolerant variety Zhongmai 998 and saline-alkali sensitive variety Jimai 229 were used to study the morphological characteristics and physiological response mechanism of different wheat varieties under simulated seawater stress. The results revealed that Jimai 229 had significant decreases in seedling height， above-ground fresh weight， above-ground dry weight， fresh root weight， dry root weight and initial root number under simulated seawater stress compared with the control， with the maximum decreases of 45.20%， 24.62%， 75.15%， 57.24%， 33.88% and 34.74%， respectively. However， Zhongmai 998 showed much less significant decreases in the above parameters relative to Jimai 229. The findings indicated that compared with the saline-alkali tolerant variety Zhongmai 998， the saline-alkali sensitive variety Jimai 229 had more significant inhibition of growth under simulated seawater stress. In addition， Jimai 229 and Zhongmai 998 had significant increases in the activities of peroxidase （POD）， catalase （CAT） and glutathione reductase （GR） under simulated seawater stress compared with the control， but Jimai 229 displayed later and significantly less dramatic increase than Zhongmai 998. With the extension of simulated water stress time， Jimai 229 and Zhongmai 998 exhibited significantly higher reduced glutathione （GSH） content and GSH/oxidized glutathione （GSSG） ratio than the control， but again Jimai 229 showed a later and less significant increase （by 1.64%-46.58% and 4.32%-35.46%） than Zhongmai 998 （23.66%-49.16% and 20.44%-44.71%）. The malondialdehyde （MDA） content in Jimai 229 under simulated seawater stress increased significantly relative to that of the control （33.91%-59.06%）， and the increase rate was greater than that of Zhongmai 998 （19.84%-31.21%）， which caused leaf lipid peroxidation of Jimai 229 as well as imbalanced oxidation reduction reaction in the plantlet. The results of this study provide theoretical guidance for the breeding of wheat stress resistance and wheat cultivation management in saline-alkali land.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 37(6): 1279-1287. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2023.06.1279
In order to clarify the interactive mechanism of elevated CO2 concentration and increased temperature on the growth， the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen in quinoa （Chenopodium quinoa Willd）， effects of elevated CO2 concentration and increased temperature on quinoa were studied in the controlled chambers. There were CK （ambient CO2 concentration and temperature）， EC （ambient CO2 concentration + 200 μmol·mol-1， ambient temperature）， ET （ambient CO2 concentration， ambient temperature + 2 ℃）， ECT （ambient CO2 concentration + 200 μmol·mol-1 and ambient temperature + 2 ℃）. The results showed that ET decreased the ear weight per plant of quinoa by 75.73% compared with the control， respectively. However， EC increased the above-ground biomass of quinoa by 50.14%， and increased ear weight per plant by 38.20%， respectively. ET decreased the water use efficiency of quinoa， but both EC and ECT increased the net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of quinoa leaves. ET significantly decreased the photosynthetic pigment content of quinoa leaves， while EC increased the photosynthetic pigment content of quinoa leaves. In carbon metabolism， only ET significantly decreased the soluble sugar content by 48.78%. Both EC and ECT significantly increased the sucrose content； ET and ECT significantly decreased the activities of the sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase， while EC significantly increased the sucrose synthase activity by 73.27% and significantly decreased the sucrose phosphate synthase activity. Both EC and ECT significantly increased pyruvate kinase activity and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity in quinoa； ET decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity and ECT increased succinate dehydrogenase activity. For nitrogen metabolism， the treatments of EC， ET， and ECT reduced glutamate synthase activity but increased nitrate reductase activity， in which the increase induced by ECT was the highest. In conclusion， elevated CO2 concentration can mitigate the damage to quinoa biomass and yield caused by elevated temperature， promote carbon metabolism and conducive to nitrogen assmilation. The results of this study help to understand the effects of climate change on the growth and physiological biochemistry in quinoa， and provide a technical reference for quinoa cultivation under the climate change scenarios in the future.
