07 May 2015, Volume 29 Issue 5
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 821-829. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0821This study was carried out to analyze the heterotic groups and heterotic pattern of inbred lines form maize landraces in order to provide the theoretical basis for assessing potential value of inbred lines and preparing dominant hybrid seed. The materials which were classified by using SSR markers were 11 testers (inclusive: inbred lines of using commonly in southwest regions, 5 normal corn inbred lines which represented five main heterotic groups), and 17newly inbred lines form maize landraces. The materials of estimating heterotic patterns were 187 combinations by crossing 17 newly maize inbred lines with 11 testers by NCⅡ mating design. Clustering analysis was done on the basis of the genetic similarity. Heterotic patterns were analyzed based on the data from the experiment and clustering analysis. The results showed that the 28 inbred lines could classified into 4 heterotic groups, group named Sipingtou contained 3 newly inbred lines, group named PB contained 4 newly inbred lines, group named Reid contained 3 newly inbred lines, and group named Luda Red Cob contained 7 newly inbred lines. Among the various populations, PB(P1-1, P1-8, and P1-10)× Reid and PB(P1-1, P1-6, and P1-14)× Luda Red Cob and Reid(P1-15, P1-16, and P1-17)×Sipingtou could become superior combinations, especially newly inbred line P1-1 × Reid become heterotic pattern. The heterotic groups analysis of inbred lines provided the basis for application of 17 newly inbred lines and improvement of maize landraces.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 830-835. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0830Comet assay, named single cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), was used to analyze the effect of melatonin (MEL) on the DNA repair ability of Gentiana macrophylla Pall. protoplasts. Cell was irradiated with different doses of ultraviolet-B radiation, DNA damage is indicated by Tail DNA%. MEL was added to the protoplast suspension at 0, 1, 10 μmol ·L-1 final concentration, the irradiance of UV-B is 0.5 W ·m-2. Experiment was divided into two parts. The first group, protoplasts was radiated by UV-B with different times (0, 5, 10, 30, 60, 120 s) and incubated in the dark 60 min, electrophoresis. The second group, protoplast was irradiated by UV-B 40 s and incubated in the dark with different times(0,1,2,3, 4,6h),and then electrophoresis. In the range of 5 to 30 s, the same radiation dose, the higher concentration of MEL, the lower TailDNA%. After cells were cultured for 1 to 6 hours, TailDNA% which the samples was treated with MEL were always lower than the positive control's, and the TailDNA% showed an inverse relationship with MEL concentration. A dose-related protective effect of MEL was observed in our experiment and MEL reduces damage of cells after irradiation by UV-B, promote the repair of DNA. In the study, the first use of SCGE technology further revealed that MEL improved the resistance of plant to environmental stress.
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Distribution of Grain Hardness and Allelic Variation of Puroindoline Gene in Russian Wheat VarietiesJournal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 836-842. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0836Grain hardness is one of the most important quality characteristics determining the milling and processing quality of wheat. In order to introduce wheat germplasm reasonably and breed high-quality wheat varieties, 208 Russian wheat cultivars were tested by JYDB100× 40 Wheat Hardness index(HI) Tester, and the main allelic variation of puroindoline genes were analyzed by STS markers with temperature-switch PCR (TS-PCR).The results showed that the hardness index ranged from 49.6-79.2, with 190 (91.35%) hard and 18(8.65%) mixed wheat varieties. There were seven puroindoline alleles in Russian wheat, the percentages of Pina-D1a, Pina-D1b, Pina-D1a/Pina-D1b, Pinb-D1a, Pinb-D1b, Pinb-D1c and Pinb-D1bc were 87.02%,10.10%,2.88%,37.02%,55.77%,3.85% and 3.37%,respectively. JYDB hardness indexes of Pina-D1b+Pinb-D1a was significantly higher than those of Pina-D1a+Pinb-D1b,Pina-D1a+Pinb-D1a and Pina-D1a+Pinb-D1bc, Russian hard wheat germplasm was rich and was helpful to improve wheat grain hardness and quality in China.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 843-848. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0843For the realization of quick identification and directive breeding of Auricularia auricula-judae, hybrid mononuclear mating karyotype and new hybrid species were obtained with selection of fluorescence nuclear staining, comparison of esterase isozyme and molecular identification of RAPD, and genetic analysis and cultivation comparison for new hybrid species were also conducted. The results showed that four different types of protoplast monokaryons were selected from two parent monokaryons strains, which included A1, A2 type from ‘8808' and B1, B2 type from ‘981’. The hybrid strain of A1B2 was named ‘Z1'. The results of esterase isozyme zymogram and RAPD molecular maps showed that the hybrid strain ‘Z1’ contained the complementary bands of monocaryon and the parent bands. The tested strains were divided into three types by cluster analysis. The similarity of strain ‘Z1’ and strain ‘981’ is higher than that of strain ‘Z1’ and '8808'. The results of cultivation experiment showed that the cultivation characters of ‘Z1’ was similar to that of ‘981’ and also gathered the advantages of both parents. The research will provide a rapid and reliable detection method for the identification and hybrid-offspring genetic analysis of Auricularia auricula-judae in the future.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 849-858. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0849MADS-box genes as transcription factors are one of the most widely studied family in plants, which are involved in growth and development processes of plants. In this paper, comprehensive basic information of known MADS-box genes (PpMADS) in peach (Prunus persica) based on functional genomics database were presented. MADS-box domain, evolution relationship, introns and exons, chromosome location and conserved motifs of PpMADS genes were analyzed in detail. At the same time, semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique was performed to discuss PpMADS genes expression level at various flower tissues and different stages of flower development. Results indicated that PpMADS genes play a very important role in the regulation of various flower tissues and different stages of flower development in peach. These results from this study will be usefull in selecting candidate PpMADS genes from the known peach MADS-box genes for functional analisis.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 859-865. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0859This study was conducted to investigate the effect of yeast selenium supplementation in diet of does during pregnancy on expression of GPxs in testis of their offspring male kids. The mRNA relative expression of GPxs was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The expression of GPx4 protein was analyzed by immunofluorescence assay. The supplementation of 1.0 mg ·kg-1(II group)as yeast selenium in diet during pregnancy was significantly increased GPxs activities in testis of their offspring(P <0.01). Compare with GPxs mRNA expression levels in testis of their offspring in control group, GPx1 mRNA expression levels in II group were increased by 0.84 times. GPx3 mRNA expression levels in II group were increased by 2.6 times, GPx4 mRNA expression levels in II group were increased by 5.0 times. The expression levels of GPx4 protein in testis of their offspring in II group were significantly increased. The levels of GPx4 protein in group with supplementation of 4.0 mg ·kg-1 as yeast selenium were over-expressed. The supplementation of 1 mg ·kg-1as yeast selenium in diet of pregnant does could improve GPxs mRNA expression of testis of offspring kids,the selenium concentration in diet of pregnant does is 1.045 mg ·kg-1. These conclusions not only richened theory of selenium regulation but also provided the direction for goat production.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 866-873. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0866Phytochelatins are micromolecule peptides that can chelate heavy metal ions to reduce its toxicity to plants. The chelate compounds were further imported into the vacuoles and restored as compartmentation of heavy metal ions. Phytochelatin synthase (PCS) plays a crucial role in the synthesis of phytochelatins. The research here is to analyze the PCS genes related to cadmium enrichment from 15 kinds of plants. Sequence alignment showed their exon structure highly conserved. The identity rate of amino acid at N-terminal of the PCS peptides was 82.54% while 63.37% at C-terminal. The PCS peptide had the highest proportion of Leucine(11.17%) and lowest proportion of tryptophon(1.63%). The conserved catalytic active center of PCS was revealed as Cys70, His176 and Asp194. The codon usage varied among different PCS genes with the average high-frequency codon number over 9. The results of the study clearly showed that the PCS genes have the conserved structure but also have the species characteristics, which could be used in classification and phylogenetic analysis of plants. It would be an important platform for the further study of gene function and mechanism in cadmium enrichment in future.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 874-884. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0874
In this paper, the mechanism of disease resistance increased by salicylic acid (SA) and SA signal transduction in cucumber was investigated by screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by SA. Approximately 5 mmol ·L-1 SA was sprayed on ‘DongNong 649’used as test material at the four-leaf stage of aseptic seedlings. The leaves were collected before sprayed with SA and after 3, 12, and 24 h respectively. Total RNA was extracted and used for cDNA libraries construction. The differential expression profilings of genes in these cDNA libraries were analyzed via Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. Results showed that SA induced most of chloroplast-and cell wall-related genes up-regulated expression and multiple genes related to disease resistance down-regulated expression. Also SA significantly affected signal transduction-regulated genes, such as receptor kinases, cytochrome P450, lipoxygenase, and lipid transport protein. This study obtained the effective data, preliminary screening DGEs involved in plant PCD (programmed cell death), signal transduction and system acquired resistance (SAR) forming, confirmed that SA had close relationship with the above process, finally laid the foundation for revealing mechanism of SA induced cucumber disease resistance.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 885-891. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0885
In order to further improve the pitaya varieties and yield, young stem segments of Zihonglong with red skin and red pulp were used as the test materials. Through selecting various plant growth regulators and concentration ratio, the culture medium, which was suitable for callus induction, adventitious bud regeneration and root formation, was screened to establish a stable, rapid and efficient plant regeneration system in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus ‘Zihonglong’). The result indicated that high concentration of TDZ was beneficial to the callus induction, but not conducive to the adventitious bud regeneration. Vertical placement of the explants was better than horizontal placement for callus and adventitious shoot induction. The best medium for callus induction and adventitious shoot regeneration, through orthogonal designing with TDZ, 2,4-D and NAA, was MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg ·L-1 2,4-D, 0.4 mg ·L-1 TDZ and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA, in which the callus induction rate was 89.1% and the adventitious shoot regeneration rate was 94%, The optimal medium for rooting was MS medium containing 0.5 mg ·L-1 CCC, 3.0 mg ·L-1 BA and 200 mg ·L-1 AC, which resulted in a rooting rate of 97%, the average root number of 7.0 and average root length of 10.3 cm.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 892-898. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0892
Ca2+ is a ubiquitous second messenger in plant cells. The family of calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins represents a unique group of calcium sensors and plays an important role in the process of plant development and stress response. This review expounded the research progress on origin and evolution, protein structure, subcellular localization and physiological function of CBL family, and moreover provided new insights and perspective.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 899-907. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0899To establish a new method in wheat breeding for resistance to pre-harvest sprouting, low poly phenol oxidase (PPO) activity was selected for three consecutive generations in 10 wheat varieties (or lines). PPO activity and phenols content of whole grain, water absorption ratio, percentage of sprouting, PPO activities of seed coat, embryo, and endosperm, phenols contents of seed coat, embryo and endosperm in 40 derivative lines were determined. The results showed that both PPO activity and percentage of sprouting were reduced in the derivatives of 10 wheat varieties (or lines) after three cycles of selection for low PPO activity. Low PPO activity was correlated with low PHS. Correlation analysis showed that whole grain PPO activity, water absorption ratio, percentage of sprouting, PPO activities of seed coat, embryo and endosperm were negatively correlated with selection generations. These criteria were positively correlated with each other. No correlation was observed between the PPO selection cycles and the phenol contents of whole grain, seed coat, embryo,and endosperm.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 908-915. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0908The raw material variety was an important influence factor in processing technology choice and quality of purple sweetpotato granules, study on the relationship between taste indicates and nutritional components would provide the quality indicate basis for breeding of processing special varieties of purple sweetpotato granules. In this paper, the anthocyanin content, dry matter content, soluble sugar and reducing sugar content in steamed root tuber were detected in 276 purple sweetpotato strains, the mealiness and viscosity affected by anthocyanin, dry matter, and steamed root tuber sugar were studied with correlation and regression analysis, and the breeding advantages, difficulties, and strategies had also been studied. The results showed that mealiness was a highly significant negative correlation with viscosity in steamed root tuber, Dry matter was the most important influence factor to mealiness and viscosity, and soluble sugar in steamed root tuber had a very significant impact on mealiness and viscosity, in which, reducing sugar was 5.84 times that of the non-reducing sugar in the degree of negative effects on mealiness, and was 1.60 times that of the non-reducing sugar in the degree of negative effects on viscosity. Anthocyanin was a highly significant positive correlation with dry matter, being a very significant adverse impact on soluble sugar and reducing sugar with a significant adverse impact on the formation of non-reducing sugar in steamed root tuber. Then it was conducive to quality polymerize of high anthocyanin, high dry matter, and low sugar in steamed root tuber. Dry matter content of the variety for granules processing required over 34.40%, and probability of its breeding in the test group was only 2.54%. It was concluded that the breeding quality indicates of processing special varieties were anthocyanin content, dry matter content, and soluble sugar content in steamed root tuber, and its better breeding strategies were general cross-breeding between high anthocyanin parents with dry matter and non-purple parents with high dry matter and low sugar in steamed root tuber, or between purple parents with high anthocyanin and high dry matter.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 916-924. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0916The technology of preparing resveratrol nanoliposomes by high pressure microfluidization method was investigated to improve the bioavailability and slow-release effect of resveratrol. On the basis of single factor experiments, the preparation conditions were optimized by quadratic regression rotation design experiment, taking the encapsulation efficiency as evaluation index. The results showed that the optimum preparation conditions were as follows: the mass ratio of lectine to vitamin E 10 :1, lecithin to resveratrol 11.6 :1, lecithin to cholesterol 10.5 :1, microfluidization pressure 18366 PSI and cycles 3 times. Under these conditions, the encapsulation efficiency of reveratrol nanoliposomes was as high as 87.74%±1.01%, the average particle size was 78.31±1.37 nm and the zeta potential was-55.5 mV. The optimized operation is reasonable and practicable to prepare resveratrol nanoliposomes with high encapsulation efficiency, small particle size, narrow distribution range and good stability. This study provided the theoretical basis and practical guidance for exploitation and utilization of new resveratrol formulation.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 925-931. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0925The quality of camellia oil is excellent and the price is higher than other common edible vegetable oils. In order to seek exorbitant profits, unscrupulous traders will adulterate camellia oils with common edible vegetable oils. So it is important to discriminate camellia oil adulteration quickly and protect benefits of consumers. In order to find a rapid detection method for discrimination of camellia oil adulteration, near infrared spectroscopy was used to discriminate camellia oil adulterated with soybean oil in this research. The objective of this research was to discriminate camellia oil adulterated with soybean oil by near infrared spectroscopy. Transmission spectra of samples were acquired by a QualitySpec spectrometer in the wavelength range of 350 to 1 800 nm. CARS (Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling) method was used to select important wavelength variables, then partial least squares-linear discriminant analysis (PLS-LDA) was conducted to develop discrimination model for camellia oil adulteration, and the discrimination model was compared to other discrimination models without variable selection. The results indicated that near infrared spectroscopy combined with CARS-PLS-LDA can discriminate pure camellia oil from adulterated camellia oil effectively, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of samples in calibration, prediction and independent sets are all 100%. Discrimination model of CARS-PLS-LDA is superior to other discrimination models without variable selection, and this indicates that CARS is able to select important wavelength variables effectively. Also it can simplify discrimination model and improve precision and stability of discrimination model. This research can provide theoretical foundation for rapid detection of camellia oil adulteration.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 932-939. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0932
This paper reports a preservation effect of 5 essential oils treatment at room temperature, by using freshly harvested cherry tomatoes (cv. Qianxiwere) as subject, which is expected to make full use of the natural plant resources of our country and provide theoretical basis for the application of the plant essential oils on cherry tomato fruit fresh keeping. The experiment results showed that compared with weight the loss rate and sound fruit rate, the suitable concentration of lavender essential oil, leptospermum scoparium oil, thymus serpyllum oil, rosemary oil, basil oil is 500μL ·L-1. The physiological and biochemical indicator of cherry tomato in postharvest storaging time were also investigated. The results show that thymus serpyllum oil could effectively delay fruit senescence. The sound fruit rate is 68.34% and the cherry tomatoes keep good flavor and hardness after 25d at 20℃. Thymus serpyllum oil also shows more effective in maintaining membrane permeability, restraining MDA accumulation, delaying decreasing of soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content.
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Cryoprotective Effects of Mackerel Hydrolysate Addition on the Hairtail Surimi During Frozen StorageJournal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 940-945. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0940To improve the antifreeze ability of frozen hairtail surimi, the anti-freezing denaturation effect of mackerel hydrolysate addition on the hairtail surimi duing frozen storage were evaluated according to the solubility, Ca2+-ATPase activity, active sulfhydryl content of myofibril protein and water-holding capacity of surimi, then the appropriate addition of mackerel hydrolysate were determined. The results showed as follows: with the increase of adding amount, the cryoprotective effect of mackerel hydrolysate on the hairtail surimi improved remarkably. However, when the addition of mackerel hydrolysate was more than 5%, the enhancement extent of anti-denaturation effect would not be significant, so the economic and reasonable addition level of mackerel hydrolysate was between 5% and 7%. Conclusion: 5% to 7% of akerel hydrolysate was added to the hairtail sarion, the frozen denaturation of myofibrilprotein from hairtail surimi could be effectively inhibited, and water holding capacity of hairtail furimi during frozen storage was improved. It is suggested that mackerel hydrolysate be expected to become a good cryoprotectants of surimi. The purpose is to provide theoretical guidance for the production of high quality hairtail surimi.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 946-953. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0946The strong-flavor type flue-cured tobacco in Hunan were comprehensive evaluated by adopting GIS and fuzzy mathematics with its flue-cured tobacco samples of 2011 and 2012 year in order to perfecting the system of tobacco chemical components comprehensive evaluation and understand the regional characteristics of chemical components of flue-cured tobacco from Hunan. The results showed that strong-flavor type flue-cured tobacco in Hunan have the characteristic of middle sugar and high potassium. The usability index of chemical components in Xintian county was best among different counties in 2011 year, and that in Yongxin county in 2012 year. The usability index of chemical components were not significant difference among different style types and among different areas. The chemical components usability index of flue-cured tobacco decreased gradually from northwest to south in spatial distribution in 2011 year, and were plaque in 2012 year. It was important raference price to gulide cigarecle euterprisee purchase strong-ftavor type flue-cured tobaceo in Hunan.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 954-960. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0954In order to explore the most suitable tillage managements to reach high and stable yield in summer maize in Shandong province, a semi-humid and drought-prone area of the North China, with the traditional tillage (rotary tillage at wheat season + direct seeding maize + no straw returning) as control, the effects of tillage managements (i.e. no tillage, subsoiling tillage, deep tillage) during wheat-maize whole season on the ear leaf senescence, accumulation and translocation of dry matter and grain yield of summer maize were studied. It was found that W3M2 (Sub soiling tillage at wheat season + Direct seeding at maize season + no straw returning) not only significantly increased SOD activity and soluble protein content of ear leaf, but also decreased the content of MAD and delayed the ear leaf senescence. Both W4M4 (Deep tillage at wheat season + Deep tillage at maize season+ straw returning) and W1M1 (Rotary tillage in wheat season + Rotary tillage in apart maize season+ straw returning) recorded the highest dry matter production and followed by W3M2 and W3M3 (Sub soiling tillage at wheat season + Sub soiling tillage at apart maize season + straw returning), while CK and W1M2 (No-tillage at wheat season + Direct seeding at maize season + straw returning) recorded the lowest value. The highest and lowest allocation proportion of dry matter to grain (harvest index) was recorded in W3M2 and W4M4, respectively. The grain yield of W3M2 and W1M1 were the highest, with the increase of 23.90% and 9.87% compared with CK respectively. In the whole, W3M2 could effectively maintain physiological function of leaf, even at late grain filling stage, and accelerate the allocation of dry matter to grain, which causes a significant increase in grain yield. The results would give some suggestion for adopting an appropriate tillage and residue management for the two rotation cycle of wheat-maize system in North China.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 961-971. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0961
To obtain new germplasm with good cold resistance, nineteen regenerated lines of perennial ryegrass from ‘Derby’ and ‘Pinnacle’ with good cold resistance were used in this research. After two winters' observation, five regenerated lines with good performance were obtained. Then some physiology and biochemistry indexes relating to cold resistance were measured under natural low temperature. The aim was to assess cold resistance of five lines comprehensively, screen new germplasm with excellent hardiness, and find out indexes relating to freezing tolerance. The survey of overwintering showed that CK14-3 and G16-1 behaved well in green period, tillering and overwinter rate. Under natural low temperature, leaf water content reduced and cytomembrane was injured. Proline, soluble sugar, and reducing sugar content increased, while soluble protein content decreased. The activity of superoxide dismutase increased, while the activities of peroxidase and catalase decreased. Moreover, photosynthetic system was impaired, both of chlorophyll content and potential photochemical efficiency decreased. By principal component analysis and membership function calculating, the cold-resistance ranking of perennial ryegrass was ‘Pinnacle’, CK14-3, G16-1, CK9-3, G3-2, G10-5 from strong to weak. The experiment materials could be classified into three types: ‘Pinnacle’ and CK14-3 were strong in cold-tolerance, G16-1 and CK9-3 were medium, and G3-2 and G10-5 were poor. The study indicates that the more cold-resistance the perennial ryegrass is, the less cytomembrane is damaged; the less proline content and reducing sugar content it has, the quicker increasing rate of soluble sugar content and superoxide dismutase activity and reducing rate of peroxidase activity is, the slower reducing rate of catalase activity, chlorophyll content and potential photochemical efficiency change is. CK14-3 and G16-1 perform well in cold hardiness and ranked in top, so they were probable to breed as new germplasm with good cold resistance. This study not only provides a reference for germplasm breeding of mutation with good resistance, but also offers theoretical basis for cold resistance research of perennial ryegrass.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 972-979. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0972
The development stages of oilseed flax is impacted by climatic conditions and management factors of water and fertilizer in experiment site, in addition to deciding by the cultivar genetic traits mainly. After the comprehensive consideration the effects of vernalization and photoperiod on the cultivar of oilseed flax, the accumulated temperature method was introduced, and, through the analysis of the two years' experimental data of the study zones, the simulation model for the development stages of oilseed flax was constructed based on APSIM (Agricultural production system simulator). Through the regression analysis, the simulated results about the number of days accorded well with the observed ones, the maximum, minimum and average root mean squared error(RMSE) being 2.18, 0.33 and 0.33 days respectively, and the determination coefficient (R2) being between 0.81 and 0.99 in the confidence interval of 99%. In consequence, APSIM-Oilseed flax development stages simulation model has better simulation effect. Furthermore, the simulation results agreed well with the experimental observation ones showed that, precipitation had a positive effect on growth duration, whereas temperature and the fact sunlight had negative effects. The effect of nitrogen levels on dryland oilseed flax growing period is not significant, the oilseed flax growth period of irrigated land on the amount of nitrogen fertilizer response significantly, excess nitrogen leads to a 5 to 7 days delaying in oilseed flax budding stage, nitrogen stress causes oilseed flax budding and blossoming period shorten 4 to 6 days, it leads to a 7 t o10 days delay under the water stress condition. Surplus water supply would affect oilseed flax root respiration, destroy its physiological mechanism and lead to premature lodging.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 980-985. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0980To investigate the effects of tobacco garlic crop rotation and tobacco garlic crop intercropping on soil agrochemical characters and tobacco yield. In tobacco different mature stage, soil samples and tobacco yield were collected at tobacco monoculture, tobacco garlic crop rotation and intercropping system. And analysis of the results. Results indicate that the soil pH in rhizosphere increased in different system, with the growing of tobacco. In addition the soil pH in non-rhizosphere and rhizosphere of tobacco garlic crop rotation and intercropping system were higher than that of tobacco monoculture treatment. The organic content in tobacco rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils with the tobacco garlic crop rotation and intercropping treatment were higher than that of tobacco monoculture at mature stage of upper leaf. Moreover, the available nitrogen content in tobacco non-rhizosphere soil with the tobacco garlic crop rotation and intercropping treatment were significantly higher than that of tobacco monoculture treatment at mature stage of lower and upper leaf. The available phosphorus and potassium content in tobacco rhizosphere soil with the tobacco garlic crop rotation and intercropping treatment were also higher than that of tobacco monoculture treatment at mature stage of upper leaf. And furthermore, the tobacco yield and ratio of the middle class and superior leaves of tobacco garlic crop rotation and intercropping treatment increased by 35.04 and 17.55 percentage points, 5.88 and 3.88 percentage points compared to the tobacco monoculture treatment, respectively. To sum up, the system of tobacco garlic crop rotation and intercropping can help mitigate the tobacco soil sickness, improve the soil microbial eco-environment and raise the yield of tobacco. Exploring the effects of tobacco garlic crop rotation and intercropping system on soil agrochemical characters and tobacco yield, which would provide a theoretical basis and technical support for improving tobacco soil, alleviating continuous cropping obstacle and creating a new cultivating system.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 986-994. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0986In order to contribute to the understanding of the photosynthesis characteristics changes induced by cesium, five-leaf stage spinach seedlings raised in quartz salad and Hoagland solution culture system, were provided with a nutrient solution with the supplement of different concentrations Cs (0, 1, 5, 10, 20 mmol ·L-1CsCl) for 15 days,and then chlorophyll content, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, electron transfer activity, absorbance spectra and 77k low fluorescence spectra of thylakoid membranes were investigated.The results showed that:The chlorophyll content decreased significantly compared with the control under the different Cs+concentrations; under the low Cs+concentrations, net photosynthesis(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr) changed insignificantly and along with elevated levels of applied Cs+from 10 mmol ·L-1 as well as the duration of treatment,all the parameters decreased significantly. The analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that the activity of photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers were damaged under high Csconcentrations. The analysis of the electron transfer activity of thylakoid membranes showed the inhibition of electron transfer activity of PSII by high Csconcentrations; The absorbance spectra and 77k low fluorescence spectra revealed that Cs could damage the structure and function of thylakoid membranes, and cause the inhibition of the light energy absorption, transmission and distribution, and even lead to the degradation of pigment protein complexes of thylakoid membranes.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 995-1000. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.0995As the candidate national flower, tree peony has an important ornamental and medicinal value, Phalaenopsis tree peony couldn't satisfy domestic demand recently. Thus, it was studied that the effect of LED polychromatic light on the morphological characteristics and physiological characteristics of potted Tree Peony ‘Luoyanghong’. The results show that the best polychromatic light on the growth of potted peony is red-blue-green. The best polychromatic light on the blooming of potted peony is red-blue-yellow. The best polychromatic light on the peony leaf pigment accumulation of potted peony is red-blue-yellow-green-purple. Red-blue, red-blue-yellow, red-blue-green are better for the accumulation of soluble sugar, soluble protein for potted peony leaf. Test results provide theoretical basis for improving the ornamental and value of tree peony.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 1001-1008. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.1001The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of exogenously 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR) on growth, roots morphology and activities of antioxidant enzymes in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedling roots under chilling stress. Different levels of EBR (0, 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 μmol ·L-1) were applied to the seedlings by foliar spray under chilling stress, and physiological parameters were then determined. The results showed that chilling stress inhibited the root growth of pepper seedlings, whereas EBR could alleviate the inhibitory effect of chilling stress via regulating the total root length, root surface area and number of root forts in seedling roots. Compared with alone chilling stress, foliar sprayed 0.1 μmol ·L-1 EBR significantly increased SOD, POD and CAT activities, and decreased MDA content of pepper roots under chilling stress. Likewise, oxidative damage on seedling roots by chilling stress can be significantly alleviated and the tolerance of plants can be elevated when applied EBR by foliar spray. Our results suggest that the 0.1μmol ·L-1 EBR is considered the optimum concentration, and a protective role of EBR against chilling stress by enhancing plant tolerance. It provides theoretical basis to clarify the effects of EBR regulating growth on pepper seedlings.
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2, 4-epibrassinolide's Effects on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Qualities of Netted MelonJournal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 1009-1017. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.1009In this study, different concentrations of 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR) were applied to netted melon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Naud.) plants at different developmental stages. Later, effects of EBR on photosynthetic parameters of melon plants in both EBR-treated and untreated plants were evaluated. After harvest, differences in fruit qualities between treated and untreated melon were investigated. The results showed that 0.1 mg ·L-1 was the most effective concentration of EBR to enhance photosynthetic rate of netted melon. In seedlings and early-flowering plants, EBR improved net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and gas conductance (Gs), while EBR reduced intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) of melon plants, suggesting that in these two stages, EBR's improvement of photosynthetic rate were probably attributed to non-stomatal factors to a large extent. In late-fruiting phase, Pn and Gs, and Ci of EBR-treated plants were all higher than the control's whereas Tr of that is lower than the control's. In late-fruiting phase, elevated photosynthetic capacity bred by EBR were probably due to stomatal factors. It is also found that EBR treatment effectively increased longitudinal and horizontal diameters of fruits. In addition, fruit weight was also effectively increased by EBR treatment. It is speculated that these changes could be attributed to direct increase of cell growth and division by EBR treatment. Moreover, EBR significantly improved total soluble sugar content of netted melon. Therefore it is reasoned that EBR promoted transportation of carbohydrate from leaves to fruits by uplifting photosynthesis rate.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(5): 1018-1023. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.1018A laboratory controlled study was done to investigate the effects of different salinity levels (0 and 100 mM NaCl) on water uptake process and germination of the seeds of four cultivars of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). The water uptake of castor seeds increased rapidly during the 18 h after water uptake, decreased from 18 to 48 h after water uptake. After 48 h after water uptake, water uptake of non-saline treated seeds increased rapidly again, while water uptake of the seeds treated with 100 mM NaCl was maintained at a very low level. The water uptake amount and rate were significantly higher in Fenbi 10 and Zibi 7 than those in Zibi 5 and Zibi 8. Compared with 0 mM NaCl, water uptake amount and rate were significantly lower at the 100 mM NaCl level. The salinity level of 100 mM NaCl significantly inhibited germination by retarding germination, decreasing germination percentage, and hampering the length and diameter of sprouts. Based on the analyses of relative salinity injury rate, Zibi 8 is highly tolerant, followed by Fenbi 10, Zibi 7 and Zibi 8. Under saline stress conditions, the low water uptake amount and rate at the initial phase was an important inducement inhibiting germination and water uptake during seed germination. The study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of water uptake and germination of castor seeds and to provide a solid base for the application of foreign amendment to improve water uptake, germination, and emergence of castor seeds.
