16 January 2015, Volume 29 Issue 1
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0001
Mutation technique has played an important role in wheat improvement. Nuclear irradiation may affect genome stability by altering DNA methylation patterns (including hyper-methylation and hypo-methylation). In this study, seeds of wheat variety Jing 411 were irradiated by 60Co-γ rays with the dose of 100Gy and 150Gy, respectively. Variation of DNA cytosine methylation in seedling leaf and root were detected by methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP). The results showed that seedling height and root length were significantly inhibited after 60Co-γ ray irradiation. DNA cytosine methylation in leaves and roots was altered after 60Co-γ ray treatment. Compared with the control, the methylation variations in leaves and roots were different. The relative level of methylation in leaves was decreased, but increased in roots, indicating tissue specificity. The rates of demethylation variation in leaves at both dosages were higher than those of methylation, and it was opposite in roots. At different sites, the variations of methylation patterns were different. At CG and CNG sites of leaves, demethylation rates were higher than those of methylation at both dosages. In root, demethylated variation rate of CNG sites were lower than the corresponding methylation sites. Under 100Gy, the demethylation variation rate at CG sites is higher than the methylation variation rate of the corresponding sites, and it is consistent with methylation patterns variation of leaves. under 150Gy, the methylation variation rate at CG sites is higher than the demethylation variation rate of the corresponding sites. The result indicated that the variation of methylation pattern,induced by different dosage of 60Co-γ rays, even in the same organization and same site was different.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 10-20. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0010
In this paper, the morphological and molecular cytogenetic methods were used to study F1, F2, F3 of hybrid offspring between Chinese spring-Aegilops cylindrical (2C) disomic addition lines and Chinese spring-Elytrigia elongata(1E-7E)disomic addition lines, which aimed to discuss the frequency of wheat-alien chromosomal aberrations that was induced by Gametocidal chromosome and provide the basis material for wheat genetic breeding. The results showed that Gametocidal chromosomes (2C) lost or recovered into disome, which caused the abnormal meiotic behavior of hybrid F1, F2, and the univalent number of F3 was an apparent decline compared with the previous two generations as well as the relative coefficient of disorder was significantly lower than F2 generation. Meanwhile, due to the twice interaction from Gametocidal Chromosome, ABDE genome of additional lines has a seriously affect, and produced some chromosomal deletions and translocations that easy to be lost in transmission of the offspring, and the alien E chromosome fragment infiltrated into the wheat genome making the imbalance of chromosome pairing, resulting in fertility decline or abortion. In this study, 448 plants were detected in F3, getting 24 translocation plants,36 deletion plants, 19 translocation plants between wheat, and the translocation frequency was 5.36%, deletion of frequency was 8.04%, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in total was 13.39%. Distribution ratio of fracture sites were: Group B> A group > D group, successively. The study showed that using Gametocidal Chromosome to induce the chromosomal aberration was high frequency, and has certain directionality,which is an important way for creating a new material of wheat genetic breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 21-28. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0021
In order to study the effect of different recurrent selection methods on population genetic diversity, SSR molecular markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of a narrow base maize population P4C0 and its improved population obtained by different recurrent selection methods. The results showed that population genetic diversity were kept well at a lower generation of improved population after 5 cycles of biparental mass selection method on base population P4C0. However, it declined at a higher generation of improved population. Compared with P4C0, the genetic diversity of improved population with one cycle of Half Sib-S2:3 selection on P4C0 decreased. For population P4HSC1, the genetic diversity increased dramatically after one cycle of open population improvement, moreover, it would most likely continue at a modest pace after three cycles of MS improvement. The AMOVA (analysis of molecular variance) results showed that the genetic diversity within population was much higher than those among populations with the advantage of different recurrent selection. In addition, the principal coordinates analysis showed that distribution of individual were directionally variational with the increasing of impovement selection, it also varied with a different individual offset direction and degree after different recurrent selection methods. The results provided a basic for application and improvement of these methods.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 29-39. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0029
In higher plant, DREB (Dehydration Resistance Element Binding Protein) transcription factors play important roles in plant stress resistance. Here, the cDNA sequences encoding two DREB transcription factors DcDREB-A1-1 and DcDREB-A1-2 were cloned from carrot cultivar‘Heitianwucun’with RT-PCR method. The lengths of two DcDREB-A1 genes were 780 bp and 669 bp, and encoding 259 and 222 amino acids, respectively. The predicted molecular weights of the two DcDREB-A1 transcription factors were 29.0 kD and 24.71 kD, and the pI values were 4.32 and 4.63. The two DcDREB-A1 transcription factors were hydrophilic protein, and had similar three-dimension structure with AtERF1 of Arabidopsis thaliana. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression profiles of the two genes are different in different tissues in carrot. The DcDREB-A1-1 gene was mainly expressed in root, while the DcDREB-A1-2 gene was mainly expressed in leaf. When exposed to various abiotic treatments (4℃, 38℃, NaCl and PEG) for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 h, the results showed a significant difference between the two genes in the expression profiles under different treatments. The expression levels of DcDREB-A1-1 were significantly increased after high temperature, salt, drought treatments. The expression levels of DcDREB-A1-1 were increased 14, 7 and 7 times at 1 h after high temperature, salt, drought treatments. The expression level was increased 18 times when exposed at low temperature 2 h. The gene of DcDREB-A1-2 was induced by high temperature, low temperature and drought treatments, respectively. The expression level of DcDREB-A1-2 was increased 12 times at 1 h after high temperature treatment, and the expression levels after low temperatures and drought treatments at 8 h were increased 2.4 and 6.2 times respectively. The results indicated that the two genes involved in the response abiotic stress and interacted with each other when exposed in different abiotic stresses in carrot. Resistance to abiotic stress in carrot is a complex process. The study is useful for the depth research on the molecular mechanisms and improving resistance to abiotic and biotic stress of carrot.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 40-48. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0040
The calli of Medicago sativa L. cv. Qingshui and Lotus corniculatus L. cv. Leon were used to study the effect of enzymolysis time, enzyme combination, osmotic pressure, subculture time, pretreatment measures and culture methods so as to isolate protoplasts through enzyme digeston, then the asymmetric somatic hybridization was conducted by modified PEG-high Ca2+-high pH methods, and tested the fusion rate by fluorescent staining. The results showed the optimum protoplasts enzymolysis effects of alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil can be obtained with callus of pre-culture for 8~12 d, preplasmolyzing in CPW-10 for 1 h or maintenance in darkness for 24 h and isolating with 0.55 to 0.6 mol·L-1 mannitol. With 2% cellulase onozuka R-10+0.5% pectinase Y-23+0.3 % driselase harvested at 10 h for Qingshui and with 2% cellulase onozuka R-10+0.5% pectinase Y-23+0.3% hemicellulose harvested at 12 h can get regenerated calli and plants through solid-liquid+solid culture pattern after 2~3 months, respectively.‘Qingshui’protoplasts was irradiated in 3 mmol·L-1 IOA and‘Leon’protoplasts was inactivated in 50 μg·mL-1 R-6G, and the heterologous somatic hybrid calli were obtained between them with 3.1% fusion rate, and the optimal PEG concentration was 35% in it. The hybrid calli of alfalfa and Lotus corniculatus will become new germplasm resources for cultivating anti-bloat alfalfa.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 49-55. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0049
Elucidation of the effects of various stimuli on MAPK signal pathway, the response mechanism of MAPKK gene in Corylus heterophylla Fisch was analyzed under various abiotic stress conditions. According to the high-throughput sequencing results of hazelnut buds, a 1 065bp fragment including the whole coding region was obtained through RACE-PCR. It encoded a polypeptide of 354 amino acids, designated as ChMAPKK2. The sequence showed that this gene had SLADIDS sequence which is the typical phosphorylation consensus sequence of MAPKK family. Phylogeny tree results showed ChMAPKK2 was close to VvMAPKK2 from grape and MdMAPKK from apple, with 81.69% and 78.53% amino acids similarity, respectively. The ChMAPKK2 expression in hazelnut buds was analyzed with ACTIN as an internal control gene under natural conditions and the result displayed that the expression level first increased and then decreased during November to next April. Enhancsed expression of ChMAPKK2 in leaves was induced when suckers were exposed to low temperatures of 4℃, PEG and salt stress treatment. Spatial expression analysis revealed that the transcription level of ChMAPKK2 was higher in bud than those in bark and male inflorescence indicating tissue-specific expression. The results suggested that the ChMAPKK2 gene played an important role in C. heterophylla Fisch under various abiotic stresses.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 56-62. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0056
In order to study the effect of different medium and different plant hormone on callus induct and plant regeneration, in this study, young stems of the cultivar fengdan were used as explants to induce callus and its regeneration system was successfully established via callus pathway. The results showed that the best medium was modified MS, the induction rate of callus was 93.3%, the optimum medium of callus induction were the modified MS+2,4-D0.2 mg·L-1+6-BA2.0 mg·L-1+NAA0.3 mg·L-1. KT 0.2 mg·L-1 and hydrolyzed Casein 300 mg·L-1 was an optimum concentration for callus differentiation. The best medium of callus differentiation were modified MS +KT0.2 mg·L-1+6-BA0.3 mg·L-1+NAA0.1 mg·L-1, the differentiation rate was 37.8%.The roots were induced after shoots were transferred to 1/2 MS medium containing 0.2 mg·L-1IBA. The induction rate was 13.3%. Our research results will provide theoretical basis and technology for further research on efficient regeneration system and transgenic breeding of peony.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 63-69. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0063
The influence of different initial pH on the characteristics of Maillard reaction productions (MRPs) with the thermal reaction was studied by using a system with the enzymatic hydrolysate of the chicken bone extract, xylose, cysteine and thiamin. The pH, the formation of intermediate products, browning, peptide content, total free amino acid and total sugar content were analyzed, and molecular weight distribution and volatile flavor composition were analyzed by qualitative analysis. The study found that the content of total free amino acid and total sugar were influenced differently by the initial pH in each system. The peptide content of the final product of pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9 systems were 100.11,100,01 and 104.55mg·mL-1, respectively. There were not peaks of 2.3,1.39 kDa but 2.95,1.04 kDa in molecular weight distribution analysis of the MRPs of pH 9 systems compared with the other two systems, and the browning of pH 9 system was 1.7 times that of pH 7 system. With the increasing of pH value, the volatile flavor compounds changed, the response value of sulphur-organic of pH 7 system was approximately 1.6 times that of the other two systems, and the response value of nitrogen oxides of pH 9 system was maximum in each system. In conclusion, the influence of the initial pH on the Maillard reaction mechanism was different, it led to different changes of the chemical components of MRPs with the thermal reaction in each system.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 70-78. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0070
In order to investigate the effects of ripening temperature on proteolysis and bitterness in hard cheese made of Yak milk cheese, cheeses ripened at 5.10 and 15℃ at 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 months were aralyzed to determine proteolysis through the level of soluble nitrogen at pH 4.6, in 12% trichloroacetic acid and 5% phosphotungstic acid, total free amino acid content and RP-HPLC analysis of the water-soluble fraction at pH 4.6.Proteolysis was significantly affected by ripening temperature and time. Elevated temperature could drastically increase the level of soluble nitrogen at pH4.6, in 12% trichloroacetic acid and 5% phosphotungstic acid and the content of total free amino acids, especially ripening temperature at 15℃ could raise substantially soluble nitrogen in 12% trichloroacetic acid and in 5% phosphotungstic acid during the early months of ripening. RP-HPLC analysis showed that with the ripening temperature elevation, hydrophilic peptide levels in the pH4.6 soluble fractions increased and hydrophobic peptides levels decreased. Bitterness of cheese ripened at 5, 10 and 15℃for 2 months was distinct, but at low level. Cheese ripened at 15℃ had more bitter than Cheese ripened at 5℃and 10℃. Cheese ripened at 10℃and 15℃ from 4 to 6 months had moderately strong bitterness and difference was not significant(P≥0.05). The study provides experimental datas for auelerating the ripening of hard cheese from yak milk.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 79-86. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0079
The study aims to better characterize the antioxidant capacity of strawberry and screen the genetic source with high nutritional quality. The antioxidant content of Fragaria vesca and ten strawberry cultivars were determined and compared by measuring the total phenolics, total flavanoids, anthocyanins and vitamin C. The antioxidant capacity in vitro of strawberries were also tested and compared by using ABTS [2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt] radical cation scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The results indicated that F. vesca had higher antioxidant content and antioxidant capacity than the other cultivars. Based on the antioxidant content and antioxidant capacity, two culitvars "Honeoye" and "Fengguan" had the more satisfactory nutritional quality among ten cultivars. The total phenolics content and antioxidant capacity were significantly positive correlation. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that total phenolics were the most important materials for antioxidant capacity of strawberry. Meanwhile, total anthocyanins and vitamin C were also the major contribution factors. This study showed that the genetic background played an important role in the antioxidant content and antioxidant capacity of strawberry fruits. F. vesca had higher antioxidant capacity than all cultivars in this study, which is the potential source for producing health-promoting products.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 87-94. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0087
Mannanase, one of the main hemicellulose-degrading enzymes, is widely used in animal feed, paper, detergent, food, oil exploration and other fields. In this study, a glycoside hydrolase family 5 mannanse gene, man5Xz8, was cloned by degenerate primers and Tail-PCR from thermophilic fungus Achaetomium sp. Xz8. The full-length gene consists of 1 239 bp and encodes 412 amino acids, including a putative signal peptide of 20 residues at N-terminus. The mature protein sequence was successfully expressed in pichia pastoris GS115. The recombinant protein expression was induced by methanol, and the molecular weight of Man5Xz8 was about 55.0 kDa analyzed by SDS-PAGE analysis. Man5Xz8 showed the optimal activity at pH 5.0, it retained >40.0% of the maximal activity at pH 9.0, and showed high stability over the pH range 5.0 to 9.0. The optimum temperature was 50℃, and it has strong resistance to SDS. The specific activity, Km and Vmax values towards beechwood xylan were 101.6 U·mg-1, 4.4 mg·mL-1 and 128.2 μmol·(min·mg)-1, respectively. This study provides an excellent mannanse as candidate favorable for various industries and primarily determines the acid-base catalytic mechanism.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 95-100. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0095
The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant activity of tropical fruits by using the leaves of naseberry, jackfruit and longan as experimental materials.The three materials were extracted by using 75% methanol to determine their antioxidant activities and phenolics. The total polyphenol and flavonids contents of the extracts were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method and a spectrophotometric method, respectively. Their antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and MCC assays,and PMC system method. The results showed that those extracts had strong free radical scavenging ability, metal chealting capacity and reducing power. The antioxidant capacities of the extracts in the order from high to low was naseberry leaves >jackfruit leaves> longan leaves. The antioxidant activity of extracts were correlated with their total polyphenol contents. In general, the three leaves, especially naseberry leaf, are rich sources of natural antioxidants, which will has great practical value and utilization prospect.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 101-105. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0101
In recent years, the application of konjac glucomannan as a sort of traditional food material and food additive in food industry is attracting more and more attention. Konjac glucomannan is a kind of neutral polysaccharide. It is the main functional active component of konjac. Konjac glucomannan and its derivatives exhibit better functional properties such as gel property, thickening property and film-forming property. They have high value of research and development and practical application in food industry. This paper discusses the main functional properties of konjac glucomannan and its derivatives and their application in food industry, which will expand a broad developmental space for making full use of konjac resources and improving the added value of its products.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 106-112. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0106
The objective of this work was to optimize the formulation of maize wine. Based on the principle of fuzzy mathematics, a systematic method for sensory evaluation of maize wine was established. Mixture design was used to investigate the effect of different ingredients on its sensory quality. The model-fitting degree was significant (R=0.984 4, P<0.001), and could forecast and analyze the sensory evaluation value of maize wine. The optimum formula of three raw materials was waxy corn 66%, sweet corn 17% and glutinous rice 17%, respectively. Under this condition, the maize wine mading by the optimum formula can be accepted by consumer as good. The noval rice wine has lower alcoholic degree (4.75%) and better taste.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 113-118. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0113
The FLUKA Monte Carlo code was used for studying the bremsstrahlung emitted from various targets shot by 7.5 MeV electron beams. The simulation results show that efficiency of transmission photon and electrons, photon flux distribution and energy distribution of bremsstrahlung were related to material and thickness of the targets. For different beam sweep width, the energy utilization rate was estimated. The result has a certain guiding significance for target design of bremsstrahlung transferred from 7.5 MeV electrons beams and optimization of irradiation facility.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 119-127. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0119
In order to explore the possibility of geogrephical orgin of rice with their regional characters the ratios of stable isotopes and the concentrations of elements in rice were determined with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and inductively coupled with plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) respectively. The researches were used to discriminate the geographical origin of rice producs from Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jiangsu province,via two chemometric techniques of principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminate analysis (LDA), The results showed the values of δ15N,δ13C,δD,δ18O and the ratios of 206Pb/207Pb,208Pb/206Pb and87Sr/86Sr in rice samples were different from different origins. There was also some variables for the concentration of the mineral elements with a specific character of origin, such as Li, Be, Na and so on. Although the method of PCA could be used to classify the geographical origin of rice from different provinces, it was difficult to trace the exact origin of the same province because of a cross in the scatter plot. However, PCA combining with LDA could give correct assignation percentages of 91% for the 23 rice samples between Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jiangsu province. The number of samples available and geographical differences were small and limited in four regions of Heilongjiang province, just two regions were classified. These results reveale that it is possible and feasible to classify the geographical origin of rice by the method of PCA-LDA based on the determination of isotopes and multi-elements. It provides a potential evidence of method plat form the geographical origin of rice.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 128-138. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0128
An inland nuclear power plant site may to be selected in future was the research region in this paper. Atmosphere dispersion processes of 131I and 137Cs radionuclides were predicted by CAP88-PC model (Clean Air Act Assessment Package) under 11 different release height scenarios. Results showed that atmosphere dispersion factor、air concentration、dry deposit rate and ground deposit rate of 131I presented first increased and then decreased trend with distance; and that displayed decreased trend with increased release height in the same wind direction and the max value appeared in NNW. Atmosphere dispersion factor、air concentration、dry deposit rate and ground deposit rate of 137Cs presented increased trend with distance; and that displayed decreased trend with increased release height in the same wind direction and the max value appeared in NNW. Comparison of results of two kinds of radionuclides showed that atmosphere dispersion factor of 137Cs was 1.1 times that of 131I and air concentration、dry deposit rate and ground deposit rate of 131I were 29.7,577.0 and 184.4 times that of 137Cs, respectively. This study can provide reference for environmental impact assessment of redionuclide from nuclear powder plant.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 139-145. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0139
The purpose of this research was to study the difference between hybrid clones (PHU-STN) of solanum phureja(PHU) and S. stenotomum (STN) in vitro under salt stress. Five clones of each of salt tolerant, medium salt tolerant, and salt susceptible groups selected from a Solanum phureja-S. stenotomum hybrid population were evaluated for their diameter, number, the largest tuber weight, yield, and physiological indexes of in vitro microtuber to understand the change in tuber trait and physiological index of microtuber under salt stresses of 0 (control) and 30 mmol·L-1 NaCl. The diameter, number, the largest tuber weight, yield, and peroxidase (POD) activity of microtuber were decreased under salt stress, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, electric conductivity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. Furthermore, the differences among the three groups for these tuber traits and physiological indexes were highly significant. Therefore, tuber traits and physiological indexes (SOD activity, POD activity, electric conductivity, and MDA content) of in vitro microtuber could be used as indicators for identification of salt tolerant diploid potatoes.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 146-152. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0146
In this experiment, soybean was cultivated with sand culture method combined with 15N tracer technique. Optimal Mn concentration was used as control, and 4 manganese stress treatments including 2 manganese deficiency treatments(including serious stress and light stress which were 1/25 and 1/5 of optimal Mn concentration respectively) and 2 excess stress treatments (including serious stress and light stress which were 5 and 5 times of optimal Mn concentration respectively) were set to study the effect of manganese stress on soybean nitrogen accumulation. The results were shown that: compared to control, manganese stress had no significant effect on nitrogen accumulation of soybean plant at earlier growing stage, but significantly inhibited that at middle and late growth stage(P<0.01), and the inhibition degree increase with an increased in stress degree. Manganese stress had no effect on Fertilizer-N accumulation at seedling period(V4), but significantly inhibited that at other growth stage. In the all stages, manganese stress significantly inhibited Nodulation-N accumulation, and greatly reduced that during the seed filling period. Manganese stress not only reduced the accumulation of Fertilizer-N and Nodulation-N in vegetative organs and seed, but also increased the ratio between Fertilizer-N and Nodulation-N in vegetative organs and seed and Fertilizer-N and Nodulation-N in the whole plant at mature stage(R8), that of seed was exactly the opposite. The result indicated that: manganese stress inhibited the Fertilizer-N, Nodulation-N, and total N accumulation in soybean plant, and this inhibition effect exhibited significantly at middle and late growth stage, manganese stress also changed the the ratio between Fertilizer-N, Nodulation-N, total N in vegetative organs and seed and Fertilizer-N, Nodulation-N, total N in the whole plant at mature stage(R8). Results of this coticle has enriched the research content between manganese stress and nitrogen nutrition of soybean, and provides basis for revealing the influence mechanism of mangorese stress on nitrogen accumulation of soybean.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 153-160. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0153
In order to identify and evaluate the salt tolerance of barley, tesit of Naclstress on the germination and grouth of different barley cultivars were studied. The effect of NaCl stress on the germination and growth of different barley cultivars were studied. The result showed that with increasing of NaCl stress concentration, relative germination rate of barley seed decreased, salt injury index increased with the increasing of NaCl stress concentration. There are some differences about seed germination between different barley cultivars, Sunong 6472, Yan 99218, C 2118, Mei 97-1338, Numar and Haiyandamai showed strong salt tolerance. Through the salt soil (soil salt concentration is 4‰) and desalting soil test, found that the spike number, grain number per spike of barley under saline soil conditions ware significantly lower than that under desalting soil conditions, and the1000 grain weight of barley under saline soil conditions was higher than that under desalting soil conditions. Plant height of all cultivars under saline soil was lower than that under desalting soil. The grain yield of Haiyandamai, Hu 01-2946 and Sunong 6472 respectively is 4 344, 4 311 and 4 282.5 kg·hm-2 when growth in saline soil, so those are the best salt tolerant cultivars of this test. This study hot only provides a theoretical basis for barley salt tolerance breeding, but also identified slt tolerant cultivars for barley planting in saline area.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 161-168. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0161
The embryonic callus of Zoysia matrella subcultured for 9 years was used to study its responses to copper stress during callus growth and plant regeneration. The effects of different concentrations of copper on callus diameter, growth rate of fresh weight and regeneration rate, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, SOD and APX), the contents of copper, MDA in the callus, the leaf and root of the plantlets in the courses of callus growth and plant regeneration were evaluated. It was showed that the callus diameter, growth rate of fresh weight, regeneration rate and the content of leaf chlorophyll reached the maximum when copper at 10.0 μM, and the critical concentrations of copper for callus growth and plant regeneration were between 300.0 to 500.0 μM and 50.0 to 100.0 μM, respectively. After long-term callus growth maintenance (12 weeks) or plant regeneration (24 weeks), the activities of the 4 kinds of antioxidant enzymes, the contents of MDA at 10.0 μM of copper showed the lowest levels; while after short-term (10 days) callus growth culture, the enzyme activities except CAT increased as the rising of the copper concentrations. The contents of copper in the callus, leaf and root of the regenerated plantlets increased with the rising of copper concentrations on media.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 169-177. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0169
In order to select the optimum model of photosynthetic light-curve in Salix L. The photosynthetic light-response curves of 6 Salix L. species were determined using rectangular hyperbola, non-rectangular hyperbola and modified rectangular hyperbola models in order to investigate which model better describes the photosynthetic light-response curve in Salix L. The results showed that the initial quantum efficiency, dark respiration rate, maximum photosynthetic rate and light saturation point from rectangular hyperbola model were higher than those from non-rectangular hyperbola model the maximum photosynthetic rate and light saturation point were not determined directly, because of no extrema in the models under the limited light intensity. However, the maximum photosynthetic rate and light saturation point can be calculated directly in the modified rectangular hyperbola model because of the existence of extrema. And the result from modified rectangular hyperbola model was mostly closed to the measured data. Compared the net photosynthetic rate between measured value and estimated value of fitting curve models of other five Salix plants, the sum of relative error of estimated value from modified rectangular hyperbola model was the least, which suggest that the estimated value from modified rectangular hyperbola model was mostly closed to the measured data. In conclusion, modified rectangular hyperbola model should be used to estimate photosynthetic light-response curve parameters in Salix L. It is feasible for Salix spp. to evaluate radiation use efficiency using the model, which provides the scientific basis for selecting willows with high photosynthetic efficiency.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 178-182. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0178
In order to realize harmless treatment and utilization of biogas slurry, the growth, physiological indicators and purification ability of swamp cabbage were studied by means of soilless culture application of biogas slurry. The result showed that, compared with traditional soil culture, soilless culture application of biogas slurry significantly influenced swamp cabbage's root length, lateral root number and yield; soluble sugar content in the swamp cabbage was significantly increased by 68.5%, and content of nitrate nitrogen was significantly decreaed by 31.5%. After soilless culture, content of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in biogas slurry were all obviously decreased, decrease rate of content of total nitrogen was highest, reached 22.03%; decrease rate of content of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium reached about 30% to 40%, showing extremely significant difference. There was no significant change of content of Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd, Cr in biogas slurry, but content of Mg、Ca were significantly decreased. The experiment suggests a new way of improving vegetable quality and rational application of biogas slurry. Besides, it is relatively guidance for solution to pollution-free discharge of biogas slurry.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 183-191. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0183
Compared with green plants, edible mushrooms including Lentinus edodes can build up large concentrations of heavy metals like cadmium. Cadmium in fruit body is potential harmful to the consumer of mushrooms. Consequently, decreasing cadmium content in fruit body is significantly important to reducing human health danger. Here, we tested decreasing effect of five kinds of exogenous additives, salicylic acid, zeolite, gypsum, chitosan and zinc sulphate, on cadmium concentration in the body of Lentinus edodes under cadium stress. The function of five kinds of exogenous additives on carboxymethyl cellulase and laccase activity was also detected. Our results showed that only two kinds of exogenous additives tested, zinc sulphate and gypsum, obviously cut down Lentinus edodes '808' and '868' fruit body cadmium content under 3 mg·kg-1 Cd stress. Thereinto, zinc sulphate had the most notable action on decreasing cadmium content in fruit body. These data indicate that zinc sulphate is the best choice to use as exogenous additives in reducing cadmium content in Lentinus edodes fruit body under 3 mg·kg-1 Cd stress. Moreover, the effects of five kinds of exogenous additives on enzyme activity of carboxymethyl cellulase and laccase were tested under 3 mg·kg-1 Cd stress. Data here showed that in mycelial packful stage, added with zinc sulphate or gypsum, two enzyme activities of carboxymethyl cellulase and laccase reached the peak, respectively. Results above suggest that zinc sulphate or Gypsum added into culture materials can not only reduce Lentinus edodes cadmium content in vivo but also probably increase metabolism enzyme activities. Hence, Lentinus edodes might take more advantage of cellulose and lignin in culture materials and the production of mushroom can be relatively raised.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 192-201. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0192
In order to identify the effect of different potassium supply levels on accumulation, distribution and transportation of dry matter and K-fertilizer utilization efficiency after anthesis in oil flax. In the paper, a field experiment was conducted with four potassium fertilizer application rates: No control (K0), low potassium (K1), medium potassium (K2) and high potassium (K3), with 0 kg K2O·hm-2 (K0), 18.75 kg K2O·hm-2 (K1), 37.5 kg K2O·hm-2 (K2) and 56.25 kg K2O·hm-2 (K3) using oil flax cultivars "Baxuan No. 3" from 2011 to 2012 at Zhangjiakou, Hebei province, china. The study on the principles of accumulation and distribution of dry matter and K-fortilizer use efficiency in different K-fortilizer management, which might provide theoretical basis for the perfection of high yield cultivation technique system of oil flax. The results showed that, the change tendencies of dry matter accumulation amount, distribution percentage and transportation proportion in different organs during different growth stages were basically consistent and closely related to the rate of potassium fertilizer. Under different potassium supply levels, the dry matter accumulation of per plant first increased and then decreased. The dry matter accumulation at every growth stages under K2 treatment was markedly higher than that under other treatments, the dry weight increased by 10.41% to 42.93%、8.24% to 35.78% and 7.34% to 31.71% contrast to that under K0, K1 and K3 treatments respectively. The leaf and stalk were the two most important organs of dry matter accumulation, and the dry matter accumulation percentage of them to the whole plant was 29.85% to 37.24%,32.11% to 56.78% respectively. Distribution proportion of dry matter in leaf and stalk fell from 23.12% to 29.92% and 61.17% to 72.76%% at Squaring period to 8.35% to 14.09% and 42.67% to 49.33% at kernelling period respectively and the dry matter amount transported to seed counted for 11.23% to 33.37%. The grain yield increased by 14.90% to 30.11% under different potassium supply levels than that under No control. And the K2 treatments with highest K-fertilize agronomic use efficiency, K-fertilize partial factor productivity, and K-fertilize recovery efficiency, which was 14.80 to 17.15、41.16 to 64.44 and 61.49 to 65.21 kg·k-1g respectively. Based on synthesized grain yield and efficiency of K-fertilize application the optimal potassium fertilizer fertilization for oil flax was 37.5 kg K2O·hm-2 under the climatic conditions of the experimental area.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(1): 202-207. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.01.0202
In order to solove the problem of tribenuron-methyl-methyl residues, By using the method of accumulation, domestication, culture and partition, degrading bacteria was isolated from the soil, which had used tribenuron-methyl-methyl as the only carbon resource and nitrogen resource for many years. This degrading bacteria was identified as alcaligenes, by the testing of morphology and the physiology biochemistry and by the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequence system. The sensitivity tests of antibiotic and substrate showed that the degrading bacteria BHL was sensitive to all the tested antibiotic within the given concentration ranges, and‘BHL’was the most sensitive to AMK. Meanwhile,‘BHL’could substantially degrade the sulfonylurea herbicide and organophosphorus pesticide and partly degrade aromatic compound used in the test.
