10 May 2026, Volume 40 Issue 5
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 865-874. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.0865
This study aimed to develop efficient irradiation mutagenesis sources and investigate the radiobiological effects of associated proton beam irradiation on rice， thus providing new germplasm and technical support for rice breeding. Seeds of the rice restorer line Fuhui 838 were irradiated with an associated proton beam at varying doses. Biological effects in the M1 generation were analyzed， while mutation frequency and mutation spectrum were statistically evaluated in the M2 and M3 mutant populations. Subsequent efforts involved targeted screening for grain shape traits and molecular characterization of the genetic relationships between grain shape mutants and the wild type. The results demonstrated that associated proton beam irradiation induced significant biological effects in the M1 generation， with an optimal dose range of 125-190 Gy determined based on seedling establishment rate and seed setting rate. In the M2 generation， the overall phenotypic mutation frequency reached 2.87%. The broadest mutation spectrum （up to 7 types） was observed at 250 Gy， while the highest mutation frequency （3.18%） was recorded at 375 Gy. From the M3 generation， 546 stable mutant lines were selected， of which 59.89% derived from doses between 250 and 375 Gy. By integrating data on M1 biological effects， the mutation frequency and spectrum of M2 and M3， the suitable dose range for associated proton beam irradiation in rice was determined to be 125-250 Gy. Subsequent phenotypic screening， coupled with molecular characterization using Simple Sequence Repeat （SSR） markers， confirmed 15 stable， heritable grain shape mutants exhibiting a wide range of phenotypic variations. These findings revealed the strong irradiation mutation effects of the associated proton beam on Fuhui 838， providing a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for applying associated proton beam irradiation in crop genetic improvement.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 875-883. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.0875
Pholiota adiposa is a high-value edible fungus， but its existing strains still face challenges in industrial applications， such as low first flush efficiency and long fruiting time. Space mutation breeding has many advantages， including high mutation frequency， diverse mutation types， and the generation of variations that are rarely attainable through conventional breeding methods. To explore the potential of aerospace mutagenesis technology in edible fungi breeding and obtain high-quality germplasm resources， in this study， the HS5 strain of P.adiposa was used as the starting material and exposed to mutagenesis during its flight aboard the Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft. After the spacecraft returned， 50 mutant strains were obtained by separation and purification. Through antagonistic tests， subculture， nutritional content determination， and fruiting evaluations， the differences between the space-mutated strains and the control strain， as well as the stability of the space mutants were systematically analyzed. The results indicated that the growth rate of P.adiposa strains significantly increased after space mutagenesis， and stable variants could be obtained following continuous subculturing. Based on the analysis of nutritional content and agronomic traits of P. adiposa， significant differences were observed in total saccharide， proteins， dietary fibers content， as well as fruiting bodies agronomic traits between stable mutant strains and control strains. Selected strains exhibiting desirable characteristics include： HT6， a space mutation strain with a biological efficiency of 81.80% during the first flush， a longer stipe length， and suitability for industrial production； HT15， which has a significantly higher total saccharide content compared to the control strain； HT37， with significantly higher protein and total saccharide contents； and HT1， which exhibits significantly higher total saccharide and dietary fiber contents than the control strain. This study demonstrates that space mutagenesis technology can effectively enrich P. adiposa germplasm resources， facilitate the acquisition of novel germplasm， and provide a valuable reference for breeding new varieties of edible fungi.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 884-896. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.0884
The NAC transcription factor plays a crucial regulatory role in plant drought stress responses. Our research group previously cloned the full-length cDNA of the triticale transcription factor TwNAC01. This study is aimed to identify interacting proteins with TwNAC01 and investigate its molecular mechanisms under drought stress. At cotyledon stage， triticale seedlings were subjected to various treatments including high temperature stress （40 ℃）， low temperature stress （4 ℃）， Osmotic stress （20% PEG6000）， Salinity stress （200 mmol·L-1 NaCl）， and hormonal foliar spray treatment ［100 μmmol·L-1 methyl jasmonate （MeJA） and 100 μmol·L-1 abscisic acid （ABA）］. Total RNA of these seedlings was extracted， reverse-transcribed into double-stranded cDNA， and a normalized cDNA library was constructed. Yeast two-hybrid （Y2H） screening was performed to identify interacting proteins with TwNAC01 as bait. The drought resistance conferred by selected stress-related proteins was substantiated through bimolecular fluorescence complementation （BiFC） and yeast stress phenotype assays. A normalized triticale cDNA library was constructed， yielding a titer of 1.436×108 CFU·mL-1 and 2.872×108 total recombinant clones. A total of 33 potential TwNAC01-interacting proteins were identified， which are involved in various biological processes including photosynthesis， redox reactions， defense responses， and ubiquitination modification. BiFC analysis corroborated the interaction between TwNAC01 and two key proteins： ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 （UbcE2） and serine carboxypeptidase 1-like protein （SCPL1）. Yeast strains expressing TwNAC01， UbcE2， or SCPL1 exhibit enhanced tolerance to high osmotic stress compared to controls. Additionally， TwNAC01， UbcE2， and SCPL1 were predominantly expressed in the roots， with high expression levels under drought stress. Both TwNAC01 and its interacting partners， SCPL1 and UbcE2， contribute to enhanced plant drought resistance， thereby providing a theoretical foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of drought resistance in triticale.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 897-905. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.0897
Anoectochilus roxburghii is a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal herb， primarily due to its rich content of flavonols， which are key bioactive components. However， the biosynthetic mechanism of flavonols in this species remains unclear. In this study， the flavonol synthase gene （FLS） from A. roxburghii （designated ArFLS） was cloned using full-length transcriptome sequencing data. The open reading frame （ORF） of ArFLS is 1 032 bp in length， encoding a 344-amino acid protein. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the ArFLS protein has a molecular weight of 38.87 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point （pI） of 5.37. It is predicted to be a stable， hydrophilic protein and contains a conserved 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase （2-ODD） domain， characteristic of the FLS family. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that ArFLS shares high sequence similarity with FLS proteins from Cymbidium floribundum and Dendrobium officinale， with over 74% sequence identity. Subcellular localization assays revealed that ArFLS is distributed in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Expression pattern analysis indicated that ArFLS is predominantly expressed in floral tissues. Transcript levels of ArFLS in flowers were 5.95-fold higher than those in leaves， 5.50-fold higher than in stems， and 2.17-fold higher than in roots， suggesting a potential role in floral development or pigmentation. Furthermore， ArFLS expression was significantly modulated by abiotic stress， with elevated expression observed under heat stress， with peak expression at 35 ℃， and suppressed expression under low temperatures. Prokaryotic expression and western blot analysis confirmed successful expression of ArFLS in Escherichia coli， validating its molecular properties and laying groundwork for further functional assays. Collectively， these results provide critical insights into the role of ArFLS in flavonol biosynthesis and stress responses， and establish a foundation for future studies on its regulatory mechanisms in A. roxburghii.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 906-918. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.0906
For the identification and analysis of the MYB transcription factor family in blue alpine flowers Meconopsis betonicifolia， full-length transcriptome sequencing data and bioinformatics method was used， the members of M. betonicifolia MYB transcription factor family were identified， and their physicochemical properties， phylogenetic evolution， conservative motif and domain were analyzed. Using RT-PCR technology， MbMYB22 gene related to flower color was cloned from the petals of M. betonicifolia， and the expression of MbMYB22 gene in various tissues of M. betonicifolia was verified through qRT-PCR technology. The relationship between the total flavonoids content in different tissues and the total amount of cyanidin in petals at different periods and the expression of MbMYB22 gene were analyzed to verify its role in flower color regulation. A total of 69 MbMYB transcription factors were identified in the full-length transcriptome of M. betonicifolia， including 32 1R-MYB， 34 R2R3-MYB and 3 3R-MYB transcription factors. The molecular masses of the deduced proteins ranged from 14 467.7 to 20 509 595.1 Da， and all identified proteins were hydrophilic. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the R2R3-MYB transcription factors from M. betonicifolia and A. thaliana were grouped into 35 subgroups in the combined phylogenetic tree， seven of which contained M. betonicifolia members and corresponded to previously classified subgroups in A. thaliana. Among them， MbMYB22 clustered with the flower color-related S6 subgroup and showed the closest phylogenetic relationship to PsMYB. The expression pattern of MbMYB22 is significantly positively correlated with the accumulation pattern of both total flavonoids content and total cyanidins content. The cloning of MbMYB22 gene， qRT-PCR analysis， and quantification of total flavonoids in different tissues and cyanidin in petals at different periods were carried out suggested the involvement of the MbMYB22 gene in flower color regulation. This study provides a theoretical basis for further investigations into the regulatory mechanisms of flower coloration regulated by the MYB transcription factor family in M. betonicifolia.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 919-931. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.0919
To investigate the role of aquaporins （AQPs） in peel shrinkage of postharvest passion fruit， this study firstly identified AQP family members from the passion fruit genome and conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Subsequently， the shrinkage index， weight loss rate， peel moisture content， and expression levels of PeAQP genes were monitored during room-temperature storage. A total of 39 PeAQP genes were identified and classified into four subfamilies， with deduced amino acid lengths ranged from 80 to 848 residues， molecular weights of 8.7 to 94.1 kDa， and isoelectric points （pI） ranging from 4.9 to 9.97. Moisture dynamics analysis revealed that with increasing shrinkage index， both total water content and free water content in the peel declined， whereas bound water and semi-bound water content firstly increased and then decreased. A significant positive correlation was observed between free water content and total water content （P<0.05）， suggesting that free water loss is the primary driver of peel shrinkage. Gene expression analysis showed that PeTIP2-2， PeNIP1-1， PeNIP5， PeTIP5-1， PePIP2-8， PeSIP2-1， PeSIP1-1， PePIP2-5， PePIP3-1， PePIP3-2， PeTIP2-1， PeTIP4-1， PePIP1-6， PeNIP2-2， and PeNIP4 exhibited upregulated expression during shrinkage. Notably， the expression levels of PeNIP4， PeNIP2-2， PePIP1-6， and PePIP3-2 exhibited a significantly positive correlation with the peel shrinkage index （P<0.05）. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for further elucidation of the role and regulatory mechanisms of PeAQP proteins in postharvest passion fruit peel shrinkage.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 932-939. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.0932
Leaf spots disease occurred in Epimedium brevicomu planting area of Weiyuan County， Dingxi City， Gansu Province， seriously affected the yield and quality of E. brevicomu. In order to explore the pathogenic species of E. brevicomu leaf spots， morphological characteristics combined with multi-gene （ITS， TUB2， ACT， GAPDH， CHS-1） molecular biology were conducted. The mycelial growth rate method was used to study biological characteristics. At the same time， controlled indoor inoculations on detached leaves from Leguminosae were performed to identify the potential hosts for pathogen infection. The results of Koch’s postulates showed that 10 strains of fungi exhibited same morphological characteristics were etiological agents of E. brevicomu leaf spots. Based on morphological and multi-gene sequences analysis， the representative strain YYH-2 was identified as Colletotrichum incanum. The optimum temperature for strain growth was 25 to 28 ℃， the optimum pH was 8.0， the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source were soluble starch and beef extract， respectively， and light exposure was beneficial for mycelial growth. Under artificial inoculation conditions， the pathogen can infect the leaves of soybean （Glycine max）， broad bean （Vicia faba） and cowpea （Vigna unguiculata）. It was the first report of C. incanum as a novel anthracnose pathogen capable of infecting E. brevicornum and cause anthracnose under natural conditions. This study also identified V. faba and V. unguiculata as potential hosts of this pathogen， and highlighted C. incanum’s low environmental requirements and robust adaptability. This study provides a theoretical guidance for the diagnosis and subsequent prevention and control of E. brevicomu leaf diseases.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 940-942. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.0940
Yangfumai 25 is a novel wheat cultivar characterized by medium-strong gluten quality， multi-disease resistance and high yield potential. It was developed through the collaboration between Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Lixiahe Region in Jiangsu and Jiangsu Zhongjiang Seed Co.， ltd. Yangfumai 25 was officially registered by the Jiangsu Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2024. The article systematically describes the breeding process， agronomic traits， yield performance， quality attributes， disease resistance， and key cultivation techniques for Yangfumai 25. The breeding strategy integrated multiple-parent composite hybridization， radiation-induced mutagenesis to create genetic variation， and molecular marker-assisted selection， enabling the efficient pyramiding of favorable traits from multiple parental lines， including medium-strong gluten quality， multi-disease resistance， and high and stable yield. In light of the biological and agronomic performance of Yangfumai 25， key cultivation techniques are summarized， covering optimal sowing date and seeding rate， scientific fertilizer and water management， and integrated green pest and weed control. The objective is to provide a scientific basis and technical guidance for the large-scale promotion and industrial application of Yangfumai 25.
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Effect of Screw Speed on the Structure and Properties of Starch-Based Nano-TiO2/Cu2O Composite FilmsJournal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 943-951. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.0943
To investigate the influence of twin-screw extrusion process parameters on the properties of starch-based composite films， potato starch-carboxymethyl cellulose-nano-TiO2-Cu2O composite films were prepared using a twin-screw extrusion combined with hot pressing method. The effects of screw rotation speed （80-140 r·min⁻¹） on the microstructure and physicochemical characteristics of the films were systematically evaluated. Results showed that the shear forces generated during twin-screw extrusion effectively improved nanoparticle dispersion and reduced agglomeration of nano-TiO2 and Cu2O. A dense hydrogen bonding networks between potato starch and carboxymethyl cellulose， significantly enhancing the tensile strength by 339.4% （from 5.63 MPa to 24.74 MPa） and increasing elastic modulus by 45.77%. High shear conditions also induced a crystal transformation in potato starch from B-type to V-type， improving film crystallinity. Furthermore， increased screw speed partially oxidized nano-Cu2O， leading to a decrease in the surface color parameter a* value from 0.56 to -3.18 and a visible color shift from red to green. This study clarified the mechanism by which screw speed regulates microstructure to influence the properties of composite films， which provides a theoretical basis for the controllable processing of starch-based food packaging materials.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 952-962. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.0952
To investigate the effects of glow discharge plasma （GDP） on sensory quality， physiological characteristics and antioxidant capacity of cherry tomatoes during postharvest storage， the present study was conducted to optimize the GDP treatment process by response surface methodology， and to investigate its effects on the weight loss rate and decay rate of cherry tomatoes by taking the voltage， the treatment time and the electrolyte as variables. The results showed that the optimal process parameters were a voltage of 560 V， a treatment time of 20 min， and an electrolyte of Na2SO4. Under these conditions， the fruit weight loss rate and decay rate were reduced by 10.55 and 22.31 percentage points respectively compared with the control group. Further research found that compared with the control group， GDP treatment could effectively maintain fruit hardness， delay the decline of titratable acid and soluble solids content， and inhibit the respiratory rate. In terms of antioxidant capacity， the total phenol and flavonoid contents in the treatment group increased by 37.41 and 6.62 μg·g⁻¹， respectively， while the activity of antioxidant enzymes was significantly enhanced. Therefore， GDP can slow down the decay and deterioration of fruits， delay the consumption of nutrients， enhance the antioxidant capacity of fruits and extend their storage period. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of GDP in the storage and preservation of cherry tomatoes.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 963-972. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.0963
To evaluate the fresh-keeping effect of acidic electrolyzed water combined with low-pressure treatment on fresh-cut lotus root， three treatment methods were set up： acidic electrolyzed water treatment， low-pressure treatment， and the combination of acidic electrolyzed water and low-pressure treatment. Distilled water treatment was used as the control group. Relevant indicators of fresh-cut lotus root were regularly measured during storage， and principal component analysis was applied to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the data. The results indicate that the combined treatment of acidic electrolyzed water and low-pressure significantly reduced the respiration rate， total bacterial count， and weight loss rate of the fresh-cut lotus root. It effectively mitigated the rise in cell membrane permeability and the decline in total phenolic content during the mid-to-late stages of storage. Furthermore， this dual intervention significantly reduced the activity of both PPO and POD enzymes and effectively restrained the increase in ΔE value. It also delayed the reduction in ascorbic acid content， soluble solids content， hardness， and reducing sugar content. The principal component analysis revealed that polyphenol oxidase activity was the primary factor contributing to browning. Synergistic preservation efficacy was observed for the acidic electrolyzed water and low-pressure combination， significantly outperforming individual treatments and attaining the optimal comprehensive score in fresh-cut lotus root storage. This study provides new insights and scientific basis for enhancing the preservation effects of fresh-cut lotus root.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 973-982. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.0973
With the maturity and commercialization of irradiated food technology， global attention to its safety and regulatory system has significantly increased. As a major producer and exporter of food， China’s application scale of irradiation technology continues to expand. However， the current national standards have not been updated for many years， and there are problems such as lagging dose control and single detection technology， which limit the development of domestic industries and face the risk of international standard disconnection. This paper systematically combs the differences between China and the EU， the United States， Japan and other major economies in irradiated food regulations， standards and testing technology systems， analyzes China’s deficiencies in the progressiveness of the regulatory framework， the synergy of process standards， and the applicability of testing technology， and points out that the testing standards have problems such as non-standard scope of application， not refined operating steps， and inaccurate results. This article can provide important reference for optimizing the regulatory system of irradiated food in China.
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The Detection Methods for Psychrophilic Bacteria and Thermostable Enzyme in Dairy Products: A ReviewJournal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 983-993. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.0983
The quality of raw milk is the key for ensuring the nutrition and flavor of dairy products， and the microbial contamination level is a core indicator of milk quality. With the accelerated intelligentization in the modern dairy industry， such as automated milk harvesting， cold-chain transportation and low-temperature storage technologies， new technologies significantly reduced the risk of microbial contamination of raw milk， but these technologies gave rise to a serious problem of psychrophilic bacteria. Furthermore， the thermostable enzymes produced by psychrophilic bacteria have a significant impact on the nutrition and flavor of dairy products. Therefore， the detection and monitoring of psychrophilic bacteria and their thermostable enzymes are the crucial technologies to ensure the quality and safety of dairy products. This paper reviewed the current state and future prospects of the detection technologies for psychrophilic bacteria in dairy products， focusing on bacteria cell detection， nucleic acid analysis， thermostable enzyme assays， and immunological identification. This review also introduceed several monitoring technologies， which were based on the detection of dairy early spoilage. In addition， the paper pointed out the problems and challenges of existing detection techniques， such as costly equipment and overly complex operations. It also proposed combining machine learning and artificial intelligence with traditional detection technology to develop the new strategies for dairy contamination detection. This approach aimed to enhance conventional detection protocols and establish a more precise contamination assessment model， to better protect the quality and safety of dairy products.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 994-1003. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.0994
A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of milk vetch and rice straw returning on the bioavailability of silicon （Si） in soil and rice yield. There were three treatments： application of NPK fertilizer only （F）， milk vetch （returned in early rice season） + rice straw （returned in late rice season） + NPK fertilizer （MS） and rice straw （returned in both early and late rice seasons） + NPK fertilizer （S）. The contents of soil Si fractions， silicon concentration in rice and rice yield were measured. The results showed that， under equivalent nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium nutrient inputs， compared to the F treatment， the content of sorbed Si increased by 11.40% and 24.82% in the MS and S treatments， respectively. The content of organic-bound Si increased by 17.29% and 25.36%， respectively. The content of Fe/Al oxide-bound Si increased by 2.79% and 6.26%， respectively. Correspondingly， rice Si uptake was significantly higher in MS and S treatments than that under the F treatment， resulting in yield increases of 13.07% and 12.72%， respectively. Correlation analysis indicated a highly significant positive correlation between rice yield and adsorbed Si and Si occluded in pedogenic oxides and hydroxides. Path analysis showed that the direct contribution of Si occluded in pedogenic oxides and hydroxides to adsorbed Si was the largest， and it indirectly influenced Si in soil organic matter and amorphous Si， thus promoting the transformation of adsorbed Si. In conclusion， under equivalent nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium fertilization， partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with organic nutrients significantly increased soil nutrients as well as the concentrations of adsorbed Si， Si in soil organic matter， and Si occluded in pedogenic oxides and hydroxides， enriching the soil Si pool and promoting the transformation of insoluble Si into plant-available forms， thereby enhancing the accumulation of Si nutrients and increasing rice yield. Overall， the effect of continuous rice straw return is better than that of the combined return of milk vetch and rice straw. This study provides theoretical and practical basis for enhancing soil Si availability and rice productivity in red paddy fields in southern China.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 1004-1012. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.1004
This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined application of bio-organic and chemical fertilizers on soil quality and silage corn yield in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province. The experiment was designed with five treatments： conventional chemical fertilizer without bio-organic fertilizers （CK）， bio-organic fertilizers + 10% reduced nitrogen fertilizer （T1）， bio-organic fertilizers + functional microbial powder + 10% reduced nitrogen fertilizer （T2）， bio-organic fertilizers + biostimulants + 10% reduced nitrogen fertilizer （T3）， and bio-organic fertilizers + functional microbial powder + biostimulants + 10% reduced nitrogen fertilizer （T4）. Various soil physical and chemical properties， organic carbon fractions， enzyme activities， soil quality index， and silage corn yield were measured and analyzed. The results indicated that， compared to CK， T1， T2， T3， and T4 significantly increased soil organic carbon， total nitrogen， available phosphorus， available potassium， nitrate， ammonium， organic carbon fractions， and the activities of urease， alkaline phosphatase and cellulase （P<0.05）， with the greatest increase observed in T4. Soil bulk density was significantly reduced only in T4 （P<0.05）. T1， T2， T3， and T4 significantly increased silage corn yield （P<0.05）， with T4 exhibiting the largest increase of 9.81%. The soil quality index was significantly improved by 90.95% only under T4 （P<0.05）. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the soil quality index and silage corn yield （P<0.05）. Correlation and Mantel tests revealed significant positive correlations among most soil parameters， except for pH， bulk density， and sucrase activity. The primary factors influencing the soil quality index were pH， bulk density， and urease activity. Soil organic carbon， total nitrogen， available phosphorus， available potassium， ammonium， nitrate， easily oxidized organic carbon， soluble organic carbon， microbial biomass carbon， urease and alkaline phosphatase activities were the main influencing factors of silage maize yield. In conclusion， the judicious application of bio-organic combined with chemical fertilizers not only significantly enhances soil fertility but also increases silage corn yield. The treatment comprising bio-organic fertilizers， functional microbial powder， biostimulants， and 10% reduced nitrogen fertilizer performed the best results， achieving a synergistic improvement in both soil quality and crop yield. This approach can effectively enhance soil health and promote sustainable agricultural development in the Hexi Corridor， providing a theoretical foundation for improving soil fertility and advancing agricultural production.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 1013-1022. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.1013
In order to study the effects of microbial agents on the drought resistance physiology and structural diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities in sweet potato under drought stress， a pot experiment was conducted with four water gradients： normal water supply （W0）， mild drought （W1）， moderate drought （W2） and severe drought （W3）. Additionally， four microbial agent treatments were applied： Bacillus subtilis （BS）， Bacillus Mucilaginosus （BM）， Funneliformis mosseae （FM） and uninoculated control （CK）. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the impact of these microbial agents on sweet potato leaf physiology and the structure of rhizosphere bacterial communities under varying drought conditions. The results showed that， compared to the CK， inoculation with BS significantly reduced the levels of superoxide anion （
） and hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） during the branching and tuberization stages （40 days） under mild drought conditions （W1）. Concurrently， the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） significantly increased. In contrast， inoculation with BM significantly enhanced the activity of catalase （CAT） by 87.49% during the tuberization and vine elongation stages （80 days） under W3. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that microbial agents significantly improved the diversity and relative abundance of rhizosphere bacterial communities in sweet potato under drought stress. Under W3， inoculation with BS significantly increased the Ace and Chao1 indices， while no significant differences were observed in the Shannon and Simpson indices. Compared with CK， at the phylum level， inoculation with BS significantly increased the relative abundance of the dominant phylum Firmicutes_D and decreased the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria under drought stress. At the genus level， inoculation with BS， BM and FM increased the relative abundance of the dominant genus OLB15 under W2 and W3， with the greatest increase under the W2. In conclusion， inoculation with microbial agents can significantly mitigate plasma membrane peroxidation damage in the leaves of sweet potato by stimulating the antioxidant enzyme system and synergistically removing reactive oxygen species under drought stress. Furthermore， it significantly improved the diversity and relative abundance of rhizosphere bacterial communities in sweet potato， with the most significant effect observed in the inoculation of Bacillus subtilis. The results of this study provide theoretical and technical support for the development of microbial agents and the sustainable development of agriculture in drought-prone areas. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 1023-1031. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.1023
To systematically evaluate the impacts of irrigation-nitrogen coupling on Astragalus membranaceus var. Mongholicus production in arid regions， a factorial experiment was conducted with three irrigation levels （full irrigation： the field water capacity （
） 75%-85%， T1； mild water stress： the field water capacity （ ） 65%-75%， T2； moderate water stress： the field water capacity （ ） 55%-65%， T3）， and three nitrogen fertilization gradients （high nitrogen 450 kg·hm-2， N1； medium nitrogen 375 kg·hm-2， N2； low nitrogen 300 kg·hm-2， N3）， and a total of nine experimental treatments （T1N1， T1N2， T1N3， T2N1， T2N2， T2N3， T3N1， T3N2， and T3N3）. The study revealed that optimal water-nitrogen management significantly influenced soil water content， yield， quality and economic benefits. The results showed that adequate irrigation effectively maintained soil moisture during plant growth， with soil water content ranging between 10.79%-16.69%. The T1N1 （full irrigation with high nitrogen） produced significantly higher yield （11.91 t·hm-2） compared to other treatments （P<0.05）. Compared with other treatments， the quality of Astragalus membranaceus var. Mongholicus under T1N1 was improved， with the economic benefit reaching its maximum （84 500 yuan·hm-2）. The combination of full irrigation and high nitrogen application effectively enhanced both yield and quality of Astragalusmembranaceus var. Mongholicus. These findings provide a scientific basis for optimizing cultivation practices to improve yield and profitability of Astragalus membranaceus var. Mongholicus in arid areas. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 1032-1043. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.1032
A reasonable co-ridge intercropping system is beneficial to the stable yield and high quality of pepper and improvement of income per unit area. In order to explore effects of the co-ridge intercropping systems of different niche crops and pepper on growth， yield and quality of pepper， and screen out the optimal intercropping system of green， high quality and stable yield. Nine intercropping systems of pepper-dandelion-maize （LPY2， LPY4， LPY6）， pepper-spinach-maize （LBY2， LBY4， LBY6）， pepper-coriander-maize （LXY2， LXY4， LXY6） and sole pepper （CK） were adopted to investigate the growth， environment， fruit yield and quality of pepper at different growth stages. The effects were comprehensively evaluated by a principal component analysis and membership function method. The results showed that all three intercropping systems significantly increased the relative chlorophyll content， leaf area， aboveground and whole plant dry weight of pepper seedlings， compared to sole pepper. Different intercropping systems had both positive and negative effects on the growth and environment of pepper at blooming and setting， and full fruit stages. The result of principal component analysis and membership function showed the top three intercropping systems were the LPY4 （D value=0.912）， LBY2 （D value=0.908） and LXY4 （D value=0.896）. Disease efficiency of the LPY4， LBY2 and LXY4 reached more than 50%. Compared with CK， the lodging rate was significantly reduced， and the contents of soluble protein， soluble sugar and VC in fruit were significantly increased， and nitrate content was reduced under these intercropping systems. Moreover， pepper production of three intercropping systems was significantly increased， the net profit increased by 43.67%， 78.45% and 56.35%， respectively， compared with CK. In conclusion， the intercropping systems of LPY4， LBY2 and LXY4 enhanced pepper production and quality while improving income per unit area， making it a feasible and effective cultivation strategy for improving pepper production， quality and income in the advantageous areas of pepper. This study has important theoretical guidance and practical significance for promoting innovative pepper intercropping systems in vegetable-producing areas.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 1044-1054. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.1044
In order to clarify the effects of exogenous ethephon on the metabolism of red pigment in Capsicum， different concentrations of ethephon （0， 200， 400， 600， 800and 1 000 mg·L-1） were sprayed before harvest. The pigment pepper variety Jinjiao 801 was used as experimental material. The effect of exogenous ethephon on the synthesis of red pigment in pepper fruits was analyzed by combining physiological indicators and transcriptome data. The results showed that the contents of capsanthin， zeaxanthin and β-carotene in the pigment pepper fruits treated with 600 mg·L-1 exogenous ethephon at 3， 6， 9， 12 and 15 days after treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group， reaching the maximum values at the five sampling time points， respectively. A total of 3 668 differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were obtained in the fruit of pigment pepper samples treated with 600 mg·L-1 exogenous ethephon and the CK at 15 days after treatment by transcriptome sequencing. A total of 73 DEGs with significant differences were successfully screened out through KEGG database analysis， which could be classified into 15 different biological metabolic pathways. In the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway， a total of 17 significantly expressed DEGs were identified， including key genes such as CCS， NCED2， ORLIKE and CCD1. Eight key genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis of capsicum were selected for validation by quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR）. The expression pattern of the selected genes was consistent with the change trend of log2FC value in transcriptome sequencing， among which 5 genes showed up-regulated expression and 3 genes showed down-regulated expression. This study provides a reference for the genetic improvement of pigment pepper.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 1055-1064. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.1055
To achieve rapid and non-destructive monitoring of tobacco nitrogen nutrition status and provide guidance for precise fertilization， this study took flue-cured tobacco varieties Zhongyan 100 and Y2001 as research objects. Multispectral images of upper， middle， and lower leaves were collected using a Hikvision multispectral vegetation monitor， and total nitrogen content was determined simultaneously. The relationships between five common vegetation indices and total nitrogen content were analyzed， and estimation models were constructed and verified using univariate linear regression and partial least squares regression （PLSR）. The results showed that the leaf chlorophyll index （LCI） had the strongest and most stable correlation with the total nitrogen content of tobacco leaves of different varieties and positions. After merging the data of the two varieties， the correlation between LCI of middle leaves and total nitrogen content was the highest （r=0.733， P<0.01）， followed by upper leaves （r=0.702， P<0.01） and lower leaves （r=0.694， P<0.01）. Among the optimal estimation models for total nitrogen content of leaves at different positions established based on LCI， the model for middle leaves （y=38.895x-17.360） had the best prediction effect （R²=0.538， RMSE=0.565）， the model for upper leaves was y=48.270x-21.770 （R²=0.493， RMSE=0.766）， and the model for lower leaves was y=35.969x-15.855 （R²=0.481， RMSE=0.585）. The further constructed partial least squares regression model integrated information from 5 vegetation indices， and the coefficient of determination （R²） of the optimal prediction model was 0.679 with a root mean square error （RMSE） of 0.540. Variable Importance in Projection （VIP） analysis indicated that LCI was the spectral feature with the highest contribution. The study demonstrates that LCI obtained by the multispectral vegetation monitor is a core correlation index for tobacco nitrogen content， and the PLSR model can effectively integrate multi-dimensional spectral information， which can provide reliable technical support for field precise monitoring.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(5): 1065-1075. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.05.1065
In order to objectively reflect the interspecific differences in heavy metal accumulation by leafy vegetables and their impacts on human health， a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the contamination status， hazard index （HI） and total carcinogenic risk （TCR） of 16 types of leafy vegetables by using the zonal red soil with slightly acidity and high bioavailability of cadmium （Cd） and lead （Pb） in Yunnan Province. The results revealed that the exceeding rates of cadmium （Cd）， lead （Pb） and arsenic （As） in the aboveground parts of the 16 leafy vegetables were 87.5%， 100% and 25%， respectively. The highest contents of Cd， Pb and As were observed in Spinacia oleracea （0.99 mg·kg-1）， Coriandrum sativum （6.12 mg·kg-1） and Ipomoea aquatica （2.91 mg·kg-1）， while the lowest were present in Perilla frutescens （0.03 mg·kg-1）， Lactuca sativa var. ramosa （0.83 mg·kg-1） and Brassica oleracea var. capitata （0.09 mg·kg-1）， respectively. P. frutescens had the lowest bioconcentration and translocation factors for Cd， and B. oleracea var. capitata had the lowest bioconcentration and translocation factors for As， while I. aquatica had the highest bioconcentration and translocation factors for As. The Nemerow synthetic pollution index， HI and TCR values of Cd， Pb and As in the aboveground part of Brassica rapa var. glabra were significantly lower than those of other vegetables. The Nemerow synthetic pollution index of S. oleracea and C. sativum was significantly higher than that of other leafy vegetables. The hazard indexes and total carcinogenic risk values of the 16 leafy vegetables were approximately twice those of adults for children， especially I. aquatica had the highest HI （20.45） and TCR （0.03） for children. Therefore， Chinese cabbage can be preferentially planted in red soil contaminated by heavy metals， but coriander， spinach and water spinach are not recommended. This study provides a basis for the rational arrangement of leafy vegetable cultivation in heavy metal-contaminated red soil areas.
