10 November 2026, Volume 40 Issue 11
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2113-2122. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2113
To investigate the effects of UV-B radiation on the growth and photosynthetic performance of Baphicacanthus cusia seedlings， seedlings were exposed to simulated high-intensity UV-B radiation （1 000 μW·cm-2） for 0， 1， 3 and 5 h， and multiple physiological parameters including growth traits， antioxidant enzyme activity， and photosynthetic performance were systematically evaluated. The results showed that UV-B radiation significantly inhibited seedling growth， particularly after 5 h of exposure. Relative to the control group （0-hour exposure）， the UV-B-treated leaves exhibited significant reductions in total chlorophyll content， maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ （Fv/Fm）， photo-oxidizable PSⅠ （Pm）， net photosynthetic rate （Pn）， stomatal conductance （Gs）， transpiration rate （Tr）， intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci）， and the abundance of key thylakoid membrane proteins （D1， D2， Lhca1）. Concomitant genomic DNA damage was also detected. UV-B radiation triggered substantial accumulation of superoxide radical （
） and hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）， accompanied by elevated malondialdehyde （MDA） levels and increased relative electrical conductivity. The antioxidant system exhibited a differential response to UV-B radiation. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， peroxidase （POD） and catalase （CAT） increased under short-term UV-B radiation but declined under long-term UV-B radiation， whereas the activity of ascorbate peroxidase （APX） was consistently inhibited across all UV-B treatment groups. Similarly， the content of carotenoid and anthocyanin showed an initial increase under short-term UV-B radiation but decreased after prolonged exposure. Collectively， these results indicate that short-term UV-B exposure （1 and 3 h） activates the protective antioxidant and photoprotective mechanisms in B. cusia seedlings. In contrast， long-term UV-B exposure to （5 h） overwhelms these defensive systems， leading to oxidative damage， irreversible impairment of the photosynthetic apparatus， and eventual plant death. This study elucidates the acute damage symptoms， physiological response mechanisms， and UV-B tolerance thresholds of B. cusia seedlings under high-intensity UV-B radiation， providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for stress resistance evaluation and optimized cultivation of B. cusia in high-altitude regions. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2123-2131. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2123
Leaf color mutants are important genetic materials for functional studies of the photosynthetic system and high-yield breeding in rice. A stably inherited vein-albino mutant wsl10-t was obtained through heavy-ion beam irradiation of the cultivar Wuyunjing 7. Its phenotype， chlorophyll content， and photosynthetic rate were characterized， and genetic analysis， gene mapping， candidate gene analysis were performed to investigate the mechanism regulating leaf color in wsl10-t. Compared with the wild type （WT）， the mutant wsl10-t showed progressive whitening of the leaf midrib starting from the seedling stage， along with significant reductions in transpiration rate， net photosynthetic rate， and photosynthetic pigments content. At maturity， the mutant displayed markedly decreased flag leaf length and width， effective tiller number， seed setting rate， grain length and yield per plant， while grain width and thickness were significantly higher than those of the wild type. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutant phenotype is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. The gene was mapped to a 7.1-kb region on chromosome 4， which contains four putative open reading frames. Sequencing of the candidate gene identified a single base substitution in Os04g0601800 within exon 3， resulting in the replacement of a glycine （Gly） residue with an aspartate （Asp） residue. This mutation represents a novel multiple allele of WSP1. These findings provide a theoretical basis and experimental materials for further research on leaf color mutations associated with aberrant chloroplast RNA editing.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2132-2143. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2132
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying aluminum （Al） stress response in sweet corn seedlings， a comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted using an Al-tolerant inbred line （T56） and an Al-sensitive inbred line （T49）. Seedlings at the two-leaf-one-heart stage were subjected to Al stress， and root tips were sampled at 0-， 1-， 4-， and 24-hours post-treatment. RNA sequencing， combined with differentially expressed gene （DEG） analysis， GO/KEGG enrichment analysis， and qRT-PCR validation， was employed to identify key hormone-related genes involved in the early Al stress response. The results indicated that differences in hematoxylin staining of root tips became detectable after 4 h of Al stress. After 24 h of treatment， the stained region in T56 root tips was restricted to the apical meristem， while the staining in T49 had penetrated into the root vascular bundle. After 12 d of Al stress， both T56 and T49 showed significant reductions in seedling height， root length， fresh weight， and dry weight， but the decrease in T56 was smaller than that in T49， indicating its stronger Al tolerance. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the total number of DEGs increased progressively with prolonged stress duration， and the global response patterns markedly differed between the two inbred lines. GO enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs at early-stage （1 h） were significantly enriched in organic acid metabolism and redox processes. The mid-stage （4 h） transcriptional responses were primarily directed to the inositol biosynthesis pathway， while DEGs identified at the late-stage （24 h） were predominantly associated with lipid homeostasis and redox processes. KEGG analysis showed significant enrichment of sulfur metabolism at 4 h， and activation of plant hormone signal transduction， phenylpropanoid biosynthesis， and monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathways at 24 h. Further analysis revealed that T56 rapidly established a systematic defense network via coordinated regulation of auxin， zeatin， abscisic acid， and salicylic acid signaling， whereas the corresponding hormonal response in T49 was weaker and delayed. A total of 15 hormone-responsive DEGs were found to harbor non-synonymous nucleotide variants， which may serve as potential candidate genes. This study delineates the dynamics transcriptional reprogramming in sweet corn seedlings under Al stress， highlights the pivotal regulatory role of hormone signaling pathways， and provides a foundation for deciphering the molecular basis of Al tolerance in sweet corn.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2144-2153. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2144
With global warming， high temperature has emerged as one of the principal abiotic stresses constraining the yield and quality of food legumes. To decipher the genetic basis underlying heat tolerance in food legumes， eight representative legume species with high-quality genome assemblies （chickpea， pigeonpea， pea， common bean， adzuki bean， faba bean， mung bean and cowpea） were selected. Through integrated comparative genomics， promoter cis-element analysis， and evolutionary analyses， this study systematically characterized the gene family composition， transcriptional regulation pattern， and inter-specific conservation of heat-tolerance genes （HSF， HSP20， HSP60， HSP70， HSP90）， and elucidated the intrinsic associations among these heat-tolerance gene density， GC content， and ecotypic differentiation. The results demonstrated that heat-season legumes （adzuki bean， mung bean， cowpea and pigeonpea） exhibited significantly higher densities of heat-tolerance genes compared to warm- and cool-season legumes. The GC contents of HSF and HSP20 gene families were markedly lower in cool-season legumes， indicating stronger directional selection has acted on GC content in response to thermal stress. The promoter regions of these heat-tolerance genes universally harbored light-， hormone- and stress-responsive cis-elements， whose distribution patterns were highly conserved across the eight legume species. Synteny analyses further revealed that all identified heat-tolerance genes were under purifying selection， reflecting their functional conservation during evolution. Ten HSP20 members with high GC content were prioritized as key candidate genes， and several of these genes were confirmed to be heat-inducible， representing high-priority targets for heat-tolerance breeding. Collectively， this study provides valuable gene resources and reliable molecular markers for food legumes improvement， while offering scientific guidance for rational crop variety deployment and cultivation zoning in the context of global climate change.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2154-2164. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2154
Myrosinase （TGG） is a specialized glycoside hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucosinolates （GSLs）， which are important secondary metabolites in cruciferous vegetables， to generate various biologically active degradation products. It plays vital roles in determining the quality， flavor， nutritional health value， and defense responses of cruciferous vegetables. To identify the TGG gene family in Chinese cabbage and investigate its role in glucosinolate hydrolysis， this study employed bioinformatic methods and successully identified 10 BrTGGs in Chinese cabbage， which are unevenly distributed across 5 chromosomes. Promoter analysis revealed that the promoter regions of this gene family are enriched with numerous cis-acting elements associated with abiotic stress responses. Gene cloning results revealed that six BrTGGs genes exhibit high sequence conservation in their functional catalytic domains， and all contain the evolutionarily conserved glutamine residue that acts as the critical catalytic site for myrosinase hydrolytic activity. The relative expression levels of BrTGGs members were significantly higher in leaf tissues than in root tissues. Specifically， BrTGG5 and BrTGG8/9 exhibited relatively high expression levels in leaf tissues， while BrTGG2， BrTGG3， and BrTGG8/9 showed relatively high expression levels in root tissues. In vitro enzyme activity assays showed that the total glucosinolate degradation capability was enhanced in BrTGGs overexpressing lines， but reduced in plants subjected to virus-induced gene silencing （VIGS）， confirming that the identified BrTGGs possess glucosinolate hydrolase activity. These findings establish a significant foundation for further in-depth investigation into the biological functions of these TGG genes in stress resistance and developmental processes in Chinese cabbage.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2165-2176. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2165
The SWEETs （sugar will eventually be exported transporters） constitute a family of sugar transporters newly identified in plants， which play pivotal roles in diverse biological processes including plant growth， development， and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. To investigate the roles of SWEET genes during bulblets formation in Lanzhou lily （Lilium davidii var. willmottiae）， the LdwSWEET gene family was characterized at the whole-genome level， followed by comprehensive bioinformatics analyses， including phylogeny， chromosome distribution， conserved domain and cis-regulatory element etc. Spatio-temporal expression patterns were further examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）. The results showed that a total of 37 LdwSWEETs genes were identified and found to be unevenly distributed across 9 chromosomes； cis-regulatory element analysis revealed that the promoters of LdwSWEET genes harbored numerous elements related to light responsiveness， plant growth and development， and phytohormone regulation， implying that their transcription may be modulated by light， auxin， abscisic acid and jasmonic acid. Moreover， distinct expression patterns were observed among LdwSWEET members： LdwSWEET29 exhibited a marked upregulation at the S1 stage， while LdwSWEET2 and LdwSWEET33 were sharply elevated at the S2 stage， with relative expression fold changes all exceeding 10-fold. Tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that LdwSWEET1 was predominantly expressed in anthers， whereas LdwSWEET33 was highly abundant in underground vegetative organs such as basal roots and bulbs. This study systematically uncovered the structural features of the LdwSWEET gene family and delineated their dynamic expression patterns during bulblet formation and across various tissues. Several key candidate genes such as LdwSWEET1， LdwSWEET2， LdwSWEET29， and LdwSWEET33 were identified， providing important genetic resources for further dissection of the regulatory network underlying bulblet formation and improving bulb yield in Lanzhou lily.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2177-2188. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2177
To elucidate the molecular basis underlying differential cold tolerance in Medicago sativa and identify key proteins and metabolic pathways responsive to low-temperature stress， a comparative proteomic analysis was conducted. A cold-tolerant cultivar （WL343） and a cold-sensitive cultivar （GN） were subjected to 4 ℃ for 24 h， with plants grown under normal temperature conditions serving as controls. A total of 506 differentially expressed proteins （DEPs） were identified across both cultivars under low-temperature stress. GO analysis showed that upregulated proteins in WL343 were primarily enriched in histone-related functions， pullulanase and β-amylase activities， and glucose metabolic processes， whereas upregulated DEPs in GN were mainly associated with chloroplasts， cytoplasm， and ribosomes. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that DEPs in WL343 were significantly enriched in sulfur metabolism， glycolysis/gluconeogenesis， and starch and sucrose metabolism， while DEPs in GN were mainly enriched in porphyrin metabolism， tyrosine metabolism， and starch and sucrose metabolism. Subcellular localization prediction indicated that these DEPs were predominantly distributed in the membranes， nucleus， cytoplasm， and chloroplasts. Protein-protein interaction （PPI） network analysis identified NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3 and 30S ribosomal protein S13 as the key hub proteins in WL343， whereas RuBisCO large subunit-binding protein and 30S ribosomal protein S1 were identified as central hub proteins in GN. In addition， several candidate functional proteins， including sucrose-phosphate phosphatase， endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase， and glutathione S-transferase， are proposed to contribute to enhanced cold tolerance by regulating carbohydrate metabolism and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Overall， this study provides proteome-level insights into the mechanisms underlying cold tolerance in M. sativa and identifies potential protein targets for future genetic improvement.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2189-2196. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2189
To mitigate the lack of background data supporting the authenticity regulation of Hainan coconut water， this study collected a total of 72 samples， comprising natural coconut water and local tap water （as a potential exogenous addition medium） from Wenchang， Qionghai， and Ding’an in Hainan Province， and determined their δ2H and δ18O values. The methods including the Mann-Whitney U test， one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA）， Pearson correlation analysis， and linear discriminant analysis （LDA） were used to analyse the geographical distribution patterns， environmental influencing factors， and variation characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in coconut water relative to local tap water. The results showed that the overall δ²H and δ18O values of coconut water were -5.02‰±4.83‰and -0.21‰±1.24‰， respectively. Significant differences were found in the δ²H values among the three origins （P<0.05）， and the δ18O value of the Wenchang origin was significantly higher than those of Qionghai and Ding’an （P<0.05）. The LDA model constructed based on these values achieved an original classification accuracy of 88.9% and a cross-validation accuracy of 83.3%. Additionally， the δ2H and δ18O values of coconut water exhibited differentiated correlations with various environmental factors. Specifically， δ2H showed negative correlations with annual precipitation and annual sunshine duration （r=-1.00 and -0.94， respectively）， and a positive correlation with latitude （r=0.82）. In contrast， δ18O exhibited positive correlations with mean annual temperature and longitude （r=0.93 and 0.99， respectively）， while showing negative correlations with distance from the sea and annual sunshine duration （r=-0.99 and -0.93， respectively）. The δ²H and δ18O values of coconut water were significantly higher than those of tap water. Furthermore， a significant positive correlation was observed between the isotope values of coconut water and tap water （δ2H： r=0.70； δ18O： r=0.61； P<0.01）. This study elucidated the differentiation characteristics of δ2H and δ18O values in Hainan coconut water relative to local tap water and their correlation patterns with environmental factors， and established a geographical discrimination model for the three origins of Wenchang， Qionghai， and Ding’an. These findings provide background data support for the future construction of adulteration detection models for coconut water.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2197-2207. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2197
To investigate the effects of different modified atmosphere packaging conditions on the flavor quality of fresh crayfish meat treated with irradiation doses of 5， 6， and 7 kGy， this study determined the optimal irradiation dose for fresh crayfish meat based on key physicochemical indicators， and the dynamic changes in volatile organic compounds （VOCs） at different time points during storage were systematically analyzed. The results demonstrated that 6 kGy was the optimal irradiation dose. Compared with 5 kGy and 7 kGy， this dose effectively extended the shelf life of fresh crayfish meat while maintaining the odor within an acceptable range. The modified atmosphere combined with irradiation group （IR-CNP） exhibited the most stable quality， the smallest odor variation， and the longest storage duration during storage， with spoilage occurring only after 10 days of storage， which was consistent with the electronic nose results. Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （HS-SPME-GC-MS） analysis further indicated that the contents of alcohols and aldehyde-ketone volatile compounds during storage could be used as indicators of spoilage in crayfish meat， and at the 10 days of storage， the IR-CNP group showed the most favorable levels of these volatile compounds. Therefore， the combination of irradiation and modified atmosphere packaging can effectively inhibit flavor deterioration in fresh crayfish meat， providing a theoretical basis for subsequent studies on flavor quality changes in irradiated aquatic products packaged under mixed modified atmosphere conditions during storage.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2208-2216. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2208
To investigate the sterilization efficacy and quality impact of electron beam irradiation on Chaenomeles thibetica powder， this study employed irradiation doses of 0 （CK）， 2， 4， 6， 8， 10 kGy electron beam irradiation doses. The study compared irradiation effects on microbial counts， textural characteristics， thin-layer chromatograms， total polysaccharide content， polysaccharide fingerprint patterns， total oleanolic acid and ursolic acid content， and their corresponding fingerprint patterns. Results indicated that compared with the CK group， all electron beam irradiation doses significantly reduced the total counts of aerobic bacteria， molds， and yeasts in Chaenomeles thibetica powder. Furthermore， the control bacterium Escherichia coli was not detected before or after irradiation. At an initial total aerobic bacteria count of 2.2×10³ （CFU·g-¹） and total mold and yeast count of 9.8×10³ （CFU·g-¹） in Chaenomeles thibetica powder， 2 kGy irradiation dose brought microbial levels into compliance with the requirements of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China， 2020 Edition， Volume Ⅳ. Compared to 0 kGy irradiation， electron beam doses ranging from 2 to 10 kGy showed no significant effects on the physical properties， thin-layer chromatograms， total polysaccharide content， polysaccharide fingerprint patterns （similarity>0.998）， total oleanolic acid and ursolic acid content， or their corresponding fingerprint patterns （similarity>0.999） of Chaenomeles thibetica powder. In summary， within the established irradiation dose range， different electron beam irradiation doses can ensure the quality of Chaenomeles thibetica powder， with the excellent sterilization efficacy achieved at 2 kGy. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of electron beam irradiation in the sterilization process of Chaenomeles thibetica.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2217-2226. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2217
This study aimed to investigate the effects of steam blanching and stir-frying temperature on the freezing stability of frozen pre-prepared broccoli. Fresh and steam-blanched broccoli samples were stir-fried with an automatic stir-fry cooker to core temperatures of 80 ℃ and 100 ℃ respectively， yielding four treatment groups： A1 （steam blanching + 80 ℃ frying）， B1 （steam blanching +100 ℃ frying）， C1 （fresh +80 ℃ frying）， and D1 （fresh +100 ℃ frying）. All samples were rapidly frozen at -40 ℃ for one week and subsequently thawed for further analysis. Indicators including water distribution， water-holding capacity， electrical conductivity， hardness， overall aroma， and flavor were evaluated before and after freezing. The results showed that， compared with direct frying， steam blanching combined with moderate frying （Group A） significantly improved the post-freezing quality stability of broccoli. The hardness retention rates of inflorescences and stems reached 82.99% and 83.23%， respectively， with low water loss （0.018%）， low electrical conductivity （88.64%）， and no significant changes in aroma or flavor. In contrast， non-blanched broccoli subjected to high-temperature frying （Group D） exhibited the most pronounced quality deterioration after freezing. The hardness retention rates of florets and stems was only 63.87% and 65.41%， respectively， with high electrical conductivity （93.2%）， more water loss （0.037%）， and flavor declined significantly. Samples without blanching stir-fried at 80 ℃ （Group C） showed poorer water holding capacity， with a moisture loss of 0.034%. Overall， steam blanching combined with moderate stir-frying can effectively enhance the freezing stability of broccoli， and reduce quality deterioration during frozen storage， indicating its potential as an optimized pretreatment strategy for frozen pre-prepared broccoli. This study provides scientific evidence and a reference for the production of high quality pre-prepared vegetable products.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2227-2240. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2227
To address the challenge of reconciling functional performance with mechanical strength and the facile loss of active components in corn starch-based active packaging films， this study employed halloysite nanotubes （HNT） to encapsulate citral （Ct） for enhancing stability， and separately incorporated HNT/Ct and tea polyphenols （TP） into corn starch （CS）-based matrices. Two composite film systems were constructed： a hydrophilic poly（vinyl alcohol）/CS blend film （HNT/Ct-TP-PVA/CS） and a hydrophobic CS/poly（lactic acid） bilayer film （HNT/Ct-TP-CS/PLA）. The structure， physicochemical properties， and effects on the storage quality of whole wheat bread were systematically evaluated. The results showed that the introduction of HNT/Ct and TP significantly improved the UV-barrier， antioxidant， and antimicrobial properties of the composite films. Notably， the HNT/Ct-TP-CS/PLA bilayer film exhibited excellent moisture barrier and balanced mechanical performance， maintaining satisfactory tensile strength while achieving an elongation at break of 28.42%. In a 7-day storage trial of whole wheat bread， this bilayer film showed the best overall preservation effect， effectively inhibiting moisture loss （weight loss of only 13.90%）， retarding the increase in acidity and hardness， and maintaining textural springiness. By contrast， although the HNT/Ct-TP-PVA/CS blend film displayed a higher in vitro antimicrobial rate （85.33%）， its actual preservation efficacy was inferior to that of the CS/PLA bilayer film， indicating that for moisture-sensitive whole wheat bread， the moisture-barrier property of the packaging material is more critical than merely high antimicrobial activity. Overall， the HNT/Ct-TP-CS/PLA bilayer film， through a layered design featuring an outer moisture barrier and inner functionality， provides an effective strategy for the performance optimization of starch-based active packaging.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2241-2250. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2241
This study used Malaysia No.1 jackfruit as experimental materials to evaluate the inhibitory effect of eugenol， cinnamaldehyde， and thymol on pathogenic bacteria of jackfruit by using medicated medium method. The results showed that eugenol， cinnamaldehyde， and thymol all inhibited the growth of the tested pathogens， with eugenol demonstrating the strongest antimicrobial effect. Based on the antimicrobial test results， eugenol was selected and its effect of fumigation on fruit storage quality was further investigated， including appearance， weight loss rate， hardness， color difference， total soluble solids （TSS） and total acid （TA）. Compared with the control group， both 0.5 and 1 mL·m-3 eugenol fumigation treatments effectively delayed the decline in fruit quality during storage， with the 1 mL·m-3 treatment exhibiting more significant effects. Compared with the 0.5 mL·m-3 treatment， the 1 mL·m-3 treatment more effectively suppressed the increases in weight loss rate， color difference b* and a* values， TSS， and acid-to-solid ratio， while delayed the decline in fruit firmness， color difference L* value， and TA. It significantly inhibited the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase （PAL）， polyphenol oxidase （PPO） and peroxidase （POD）， thereby inhibiting the browning reaction induced by phenolic enzymes. The treatment also improved the activities of catalase （CAT）， superoxide dismutase （SOD） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX）， thereby improving the fruit’s antioxidant ability. The outcomes of this study can provide technical support for the prevention of postharvest diseases and preservation of jackfruit.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2251-2264. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2251
To investigate the mutagenic effects of high-energy electron beam irradiation on uranium-remediating microorganisms and to screen for high-performance strains， this study established five irradiation dose gradients： 100， 200， 400， 800， and 1 600 Gy. Using a uranium stress gradient screening method， 44 uranium-tolerant positive mutant strains were obtained. Their uranium tolerance， uranium removal efficiency， and plant growth-promoting traits—such as indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） production and siderophore secretion—were evaluated. Subsequently， a comprehensive evaluation model of AHP-entropy weight method was constructed， which was applicable to three scenarios—all-round， remediation-focused， and growth-promotion-focused. The results revealed that the microbial response to electron beam irradiation exhibited significant dose-dependent and species-specific， following a pattern where medium-to-low doses （100-400 Gy） promoted synergistic enhancement of multiple functions， while high doses （800-1 600 Gy） induced functional specialization. Specifically， Citrobacter showed synergistic improvements in uranium removal rate， IAA synthesis， and phosphorus solubilization at 100 Gy； Deinococcusradiodurans displayed optimal overall performance at 200 Gy； and Bacillus subtilis responded best to 400 Gy. High-dose treatments led to functional specialization. For instance， Citrobacter at 1 600 Gy demonstrated significantly increased siderophore secretion and nitrogen fixation capability compared to the original strain， while its uranium removal rate markedly declined. The constructed AHP-entropy weight comprehensive evaluation model demonstrated good robustness and successfully screened high-performance mutant strains such as CT-P， CT-E and CT-H. In the evaluations for all-round and remediation types， the comprehensive score of CT-P increased by over 60% compared to the original strain； the improvements for CT-E and CT-H also exceeded 55%. In the growth-promoting evaluation， CT-P achieved a score of 0.600 8， representing an improvement of over 76% compared to the original strain. This study not only elucidates the dose-response patterns of electron beam irradiation mutagenesis in microorganisms but also provides a theoretical foundation， germplasm resources， and a multi-objective directional screening methodology for the targeted breeding of microorganisms for uranium pollution remediation.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2265-2274. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2265
To promote the efficient and rational application of magnesium fertilizer （MgO） in rice production， two field experiments were conducted in 2025 at two different sites in Shaoxing City， Zhejiang Province. Four MgO application rates ［13.8 （Mg1）， 27.6 （Mg2）， 41.4 （Mg3）， and 55.2 kg·hm-2（Mg4）］ were compared with a no-MgO as the control （CK） to evaluate their effects on rice yield， nutrient uptake， and utilization efficiency and economic benefit. The results showed that compared to CK， MgO significantly increased rice yield， with maximum increases of 19.09% and 22.04%， and resulted in additional profits of 2 464 CNY·hm-2， 2 073 CNY·hm-2 at the two sites （P<0.05）， respectively. Rice nutrient uptake and soil exchangeable magnesium content was also significantly increased by MgO application （P<0.05）. Rice yield exhibited a positive correlation with soil exchangeable magnesium content （P<0.05）. Magnesium physiological utilization efficiency reached its peak at the Mg3 application rate （41.4 kg·hm-2）. In conclusion， MgO application is an effective measure to improve rice productivity and economic profitability. Considering yield， fertilizer use efficiency， and economic benefit， the recommended application rate of MgO is 27.6-41.4 kg·hm-2. This study provides a theoretical basis for the scientific and efficient application of MgO in regional rice production.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2275-2286. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2275
To investigate the effects of combined application of nitrogen （N） and potassium （K） on the yield， quality and nutrient absorption and utilization of sweetpotato in western Henan， a field experiment was conducted using the two main varieties Shangshu 19 and Pushu 32. Four N levels （0， 37.5， 75， and 112.5 kg N·hm-2， designated as N0， N1， N2， and N3， respectively） and four K levels （0， 75， 150， and 225 kg K2O·hm-2， designated as K0， K1， K2， and K3， respectively）. Storage root yield， quality， and nutrient absorption and distribution were measured at harvest. The results showed that： （1） Appropriate combined N and K fertilization significantly increased sweetpotato storage root yield. The maximum yield of Shangshu 19 and Pushu 32 was recorded under the N2K3 treatment， which increased by 63.10% and 25.77%， respectively， compared with the control （N0K0）. （2） Combined N and K fertilization improved storage root quality. Both cultivars achieved high yield along with high soluble sugar content under the N2K3 treatment， reaching 20.15% and 18.6% for Shangshu 19 and Pushu 32， respectively. The maximum starch and crude protein contents of both cultivars were observed under the N3K3 treatment； compared with N0K0， these contents increased by 5.39 and 4.78 percentage points in Shangshu 19， and by 6.64 and 3.21 percentage points in Pushu 32， respectively. （3） Combined N and K fertilization promoted the accumulation and partitioning of N and K in sweetpotato tubers. The peak tuber N and K partitioning ratios of both Shangshu 19 and Pushu 32 were detected under the N2K3 treatment， with tuber N partitioning ratios of 75.28% and 72.85%， and tuber K partitioning ratios of 83.61% and 83.83%， respectively. The optimal N and K fertilization regime for sweetpotato production should be selected according to specific cultivation objectives. For the goal of achieving high storage root yield and elevated soluble sugar content， we recommend a combined fertilization regime of 75 kg N·hm-2 and 225 kg K2O·hm-2. For the goal of enhancing storage root starch and crude protein contents， a combined fertilization regime of 112.5 kg N·hm-2 and 225 kg K2O·hm-2 is suggested. These findings provide a theoretical basis and practical fertilization guidance for improving sweetpotato yield and quality， as well as for the optimization of N and K fertilization management in western Henan Province.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2287-2295. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2287
In order to identify trait associations and major sources of variation in potato germplasm resources， and to establish an integrated evaluation system for elite parent selection， a two-year， two-location field experimental design was conducted to comprehensively evaluate eight agronomic traits and dissect phenotypic diversity of agronomic and tuber nutritional quality traits. The results showed that the coefficients of variation for agronomic traits of the tested potato germplasm ranged from 19.19% to 54.58%. Among these， average tuber weight， tuber weight per plant， and number of tubers per plant exhibited relatively large variation， suggesting substantial potential for genetic improving of yield-related traits. The coefficients of variation for quality traits ranged from 8.43% to 41.41%. Protein content and reducing sugar exhibited relatively large variation whereas the coefficient of variation for zinc content was 18.16%. Correlation analysis revealed that tuber weight per plant was significantly positively correlated with number of tubers per plant， plant height， and stem diameter， suggesting a synergistic effect of plant architecture and assimilate accumulation on yield formation. Principal component analysis （PCA） showed that the first six principal components accounted for 70.89% of the total variance， with PC1 primarily represented nutritional quality， while PC2 and PC3 mainly reflected plant architecture-yield composite factors. Hierarchical cluster analysis classified the materials into four groups， among which Group 1 formed a nutritional quality superiority group in terms of dry matter， protein， and mineral element contents. Based on comprehensive score ranking， ten elite accessions were identified， including Sch-4， Jizhangshu No. 26， Longshu No. 6， L1290-19， Dongnong 321， FR-5. The integrated evaluation system combining PCA， cluster analysis， and comprehensive scoring effectively distinguished germplasm types and enabled efficient screening of elite resources. Group 1 accessions are well-suited for breeding programs targeting high dry matter， high protein and mineral nutrient enrichment， whereas Group 4 accessions can serve as core parents for high-yield breeding. These findings provide an important reference for screening elite parents and improving target traits in potato breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2296-2305. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2296
Soil microorganisms play a critical role in driving soil organic carbon （SOC） dynamics. To elucidate the effects of different crop rotation systems and fertilization regimes on SOC pools and microbial communities in lateritic red soil， an 11-year field experiment was conducted. Five treatments were implemented： （T1） vegetable-vegetable-rice rotation with recommended fertilization； （T2） vegetable-vegetable-vegetable rotation with recommended fertilization； （T3） vegetable-vegetable-rice rotation with conventional fertilization； （T4） vegetable-vegetable-vegetable rotation with conventional fertilization； and fallow as the control （CK）. Changes in SOC fractions and associated shifts in microbial community structure across treatments were systematically compared and analyzed. Results indicated that under both fertilization regimes， the soil concentrations of dissolved organic carbon （DOC）， easily oxidizable organic carbon （EOC）， and microbial biomass carbon （MBC） in the vegetable-vegetable-rice rotation were significantly higher than in the vegetable-vegetable-vegetable rotation. Notably， the vegetable-vegetable-rice rotation also increased the proportion of labile organic carbon in the soil compared with the vegetable-vegetable-vegetable rotation. Relative to the CK， the carbon pool management index （CPMI） increased by 58.42%， 33.33%， 53.36%， and 44.20% under T1， T2， T3， and T4， respectively. Total phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） content， a proxy for microbial biomass， was highest under the vegetable-vegetable-rice rotation combined with conventional fertilization， and all rotation-fertilization treatments were significantly higher than CK. Redundancy analysis （RDA） identified bacteria， fungi， and Gram-positive bacteria as the dominant microbial groups driving variation in SOC fractions； among these， bacterial abundance exerted the strongest influence. In conclusion， the vegetable-vegetable-rice rotation effectively improves the SOC pool by enhancing microbial community abundance and specific microbial groups， thereby promoting the accumulation of labile organic carbon in lateritic red soil. These findings provide a theoretical basis for enhancing soil organic carbon sequestration under the management of crop rotation and fertilization in lateritic red soil.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2306-2316. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2306
Soil-borne Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum seriously impairs both the growth and quality of tea-applied chrysanthemum. To explore beneficial microbial resources residing in the phyllosphere of tea-applied chrysanthemum and evaluate their biocontrol efficacy as well as growth-promoting effects against this disease， leaves from two tea-applied chrysanthemum cultivars， Jinsihuangju and Huangju， were collected and used as test materials in this study. Through plate confrontation assays， two bacterial strains were isolated and identified as Bacillus licheniformis （BL） and Bacillus subtilis （BS）； five fungal strains were also obtained， namely Fusarium solani （FS）， Aspergillus oryzae （AO）， Penicillium oxalicum （PO）， Epicoccum sorghinum （ES） and Talaromyces amestolkiae （TA）. After characterising the plant growth-promoting traits of these isolates， root drench assays were performed to evaluate their efficacy against Fusarium wilt. In addition， pot experiments were carried out to assess the effects of single and combined inoculation （AO+TA） on the growth of both chrysanthemum cultivars. All seven isolates exhibited strong biocontrol potential against the soil-borne Fusarium wilt of Jinsihuangju， with no disease symptoms observed in any inoculated plants. Regarding growth promotion， among single-strain treatments， AO showed the best performance： compared with the control， it increased plant height， shoot fresh weight， shoot dry weight and root fresh weight of Jinsihuangju by 38.00%， 41.01%， 22.68% and 9.30%， respectively. TA significantly enhanced both root fresh and dry weight. The combined treatment （AO+TA） outperformed either single inoculation， leading to significant improvements in all the above-mentioned growth parameters. Moreover， this combined treatment also gave the highest values for plant height， shoot fresh/dry weight and root fresh/dry weight in the Huangju cultivar.In conclusion， the seven phyllosphere-derived isolates possess promising dual capabilities of biocontrol and growth promotion， providing a theoretical basis and valuable microbial resources for the green management of soil-borne Fusarium wilt in tea-applied chrysanthemum， with considerable potential for practical application.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(11): 2317-2327. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.11.2317
This study aims to investigate the comprehensive effects of different mulches on weed control， soil chemical properties， soil enzyme activities， underground biomass and paeonol content of Paeonia ostii， so as to screen out environment-friendly mulching materials. A field experiment with Paeonia ostii ecological cultivation was conducted with ten mulching treatments （T1—T10）， including rice husk， rice straw， peanut shell， oil tea pericarp， wood chip， pine needle， crushed aboveground part of roselle， thatch， weed barrier fabric and black plastic film. The experiment systematically determined the influences of various mulches on weed fresh weight and weed control efficiency， contents of soil ammonium nitrogen， available phosphorus and potassium， soil enzyme activities， underground biomass and paeonol content of Paeonia ostii. The membership function method was adopted to comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of using garden waste resources as mulches for ecological cultivation of Chinese medicinal herbs. The results showed that the T9 （weed barrier fabric） achieved the optimal weed control performance； T4 （oil tea pericarp） performed best in improving soil nutrients and enzyme activities； T6 （pine needle） obtained the most prominent improvement on yield and quality of Paeonia ostii. Garden wastes such as oil tea pericarp presented favorable performances in inhibiting weeds， optimizing soil chemical properties， enhancing soil enzyme activaties， and increasing underground biomass and paeonol accumulation of Paeonia ostii， showing great application potential in ecological cultivation of Chinese medicinal crops. The research findings provide important theoretical basis and practical reference for boosting green and high-quality development of Chinese medicinal materials and realizing the ecological recycling between agricultural and garden.
