10 June 2024, Volume 38 Issue 6
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1005-1011. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1005
Wheat yellow mosaic disease is one of the important diseases affecting the yield of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In order to screen germplasm resources resistant to wheat yellow mosaic disease， the assessment of disease resistance of 279 wheat varieties from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River， bred in the past 30 years， was conducted in a virus-contaminated nursery. The transmission process of resistant quantitative trait locus （QTL） in the varieties （lines） was analyzed using molecular markers linked to the major QTLs， QYm.nau-5A.1 and QYm.nau-2D， which were linked to the resistance to wheat yellow mosaic disease. Among 279 wheat varieties， 62.4% showing disease resistance， of which 30 and 98 materials contain QYm.nau-5A.1 and QYm.nau-2D respectively， 9 materials containing both QTLs and 37 materials having neither QTL. This result indicated the existence possibility of other disease resistant genes/QTLs. The proportion of susceptible materials is 37.6%， among which 6 and 25 materials containing only QYm.nau-5A.1 and QYm.nau-2D respectively， and 74 materials contain neither QTLs. Further analysis of the pedigree of wheat varieties （lines） showed that the QYm.nau-5A.1 was mainly derived from Xifeng and is transmitted through Ningmai 9， while QYm.nau-2D was mainly derived from Sumai 6， Yangfumai 9311 and Zhengmai 9023， among which the resistance QTL in Sumai 6 was mainly transmitted through Zhenmai 9. This study provides a theoretical support for the mining of new disease resistance genes and molecular breeding of wheat varieties resistant to wheat yellow mosaic disease in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1012-1023. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1012
To explore the relationship between ploidy and fertility in Phalaenopsis germplasm resources， this study employed a combination of chromosome counting and flow cytometry to identify the ploidy levels of 33 varieties （species or variants） within the Phalaenopsis. Additionally， a series of complete diallel crosses were conducted to investigate the fertility of Phalaenopsis germplasm resources with different ploidy levels. The results of chromosome counting revealed that there were 5 diploid and 5 triploid Phalaenopsis， each accounting for 15.15%， while there were 10 tetraploid Phalaenopsis， constituting 30.30%. Furthermore， there were 13 aneuploid Phalaenopsis， making up 39.39%. Variations in chromosome size and constitution were observed among different varieties of Phalaenopsis. Flow cytometry results indicated that the estimated ploidy levels of 25 varieties （species or variants） of Phalaenopsis matched the chromosome counting results. The flow cytometry histograms of the tested materials all exhibited 3 to 4 peaks， with cycle values greater than 0.1. The results of hybrid fertility show that the tetraploid Phalaenopsis used as parents for hybridization has the highest fruit set and germination rate. Among the triploid and aneuploid Phalaenopsis， there is a large difference in fertility. The same variety used as a male or female parent for hybridization and self-fertilization also has a large difference in fertility. The above results suggest that the ploidy of most hybrid Phalaenopsis is polyploid or aneuploid， and the fertility of Phalaenopsis is related to its ploidy level and chromosome size and constitution. Flow cytometry ploidy estimation is suitable for Phalaenopsis hybrids with small and uniform chromosomes. All tested Phalaenopsis leaves exhibited endopolyploidization with significant variation in patterns among different ploidy Phalaenopsis leaves. This study provides valuable insights for the identification of Phalaenopsis germplasm resources， parental selection， genetic improvement， and polyploid breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1024-1034. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1024
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase （HMGR） is one of the most significant enzymes for the terpene biosynthesis in medicinal plants. To explicit the function of HMGR gene family in Rubus chingii Hu， the classification， gene structure， chromosomal distribution， and promoter information of RcHMGR members were systematically analyzed through bioinformatical methods. The expression levels were comparatively detected in different tissues， different stages of fruit development， and under the treatment of methyl jasmonate （MeJA）. The results demonstrated that a total of 7 RcHMGR members were mined， which were located on 7 chromosomes， encoding 444-601 aa protein sequences. RcHMGR were divided into four subfamilies， located in the endoplasmic reticulum， and harbored the highly conserved HMGR domains. Multiple cis-acting elements including hormone， light， and low-temperature responses were presented in the promoter regions of RcHMGR family genes. RcHMGR family genes were differentially expressed in different tissues （roots， stems， leaves， flowers， and fruits）， different fruit development stages （small green fruits， big green fruits， yellow fruits， and red fruits）， and treatment of MeJA. Among them， RcHMGR5 was highly expressed in
fruits of R. chingii， and induced by MeJA， which was coincided with the accumulation of carotenoids， suggesting that RcHMGR5 might be a critical enzyme involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. These results laid a foundation for in-depth study on the role of RcHMGR family genes in R. chingii. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1035-1047. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1035
ECT domain protein family， an important post-transcriptional regulator， participates in the regulation of m6A modification， and plays an important role in regulating the gene expression level of plants under normal and stress conditions and maintaining their normal growth and development. To investigate the function of ECT domain protein family in the growth and development of maize （Zea mays L.） under abiotic stress and stress response， in this study， 22 members of maize ECT family were identified by bioinformatics， and their sequences and structural characteristics， chromosome distribution， promoter cis-acting elements， GO enrichment， protein-protein interaction networks and phylogenetic evolution were analyzed. The expression patterns of maize ZmECTs were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） under cold stress and different hormone treatments. Result showed that the members of maize ECT family were distributed on 10 chromosomes， the encoded proteins ranged from 119 to 748 aa， the relative molecular weight （MW） ranged from 13 412.17 to 81 823.70 Da， and the isoelectric point （pI） ranged from 5.43 to 8.82. Most of the proteins are localized in the nucleus. 10 motifs were identified in ZmECT family. The analysis of cis-acting elements showed that the promoters of ZmECT family members contained multiple response elements related to stresses， hormones， growth and development. GO enrichment analysis showed that ZmECT family members may participate in mRNA splicing and maintaining RNA stability. Protein-protein interaction networks predicted that ZmECT6 was the core member of this family proteins. The phylogenetic tree showed that the ZmECT family members were divided into 4 groups. qRT-PCR results showed that ZmECT family members presented complex response patterns after different hormone treatments. In addition， some ZmECT family members could respond to cold stress. The above results can provide reference for the subsequent functional analysis of maize ECT genes and the study of abiotic stress， and also provide available gene resources for breeding excellent resistant maize varieties.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1048-1056. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1048
Small RNAs （sRNAs） are a kind of regulatory molecules that can modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level， thereby after the physiological characteristics of bacteria. To investigate the regulatory role of the sRNA GcvB in the virulence of Salmonella typhimurium，in this study， we constructed mutant， complementary and tracer strains of GcvB gene to detect the effects on the ability of biofilm formation and swimming of Salmonellatyphimurium. We also analyzed the differences in virulence and infection kinetics between parental strains and deletion strains， predicted and analyzed the potential target genes regulated by GcvB， and explored the role of GcvB in the regulation of the biofilm， oxidative stress and virulence of ST.The results showed that compared with the parental strain and the complementary strain， GcvB deletion increased the biofilm formation ability， significantly enhanced the resistance to oxidative stress， and increased the LD50 to 3.98-fold. Quantitative real-time PCR（qRT-PCR） analysis of the target genes， gcvA， bapA， hilA， igaA and sitD， showed that the expression of gcvA， bapA， igaA， and sitD was up-regulated in the transcriptional level， while the expression of hilA was decreased. The present study confirmed the involvement of sRNA GcvB in Salmonella typhimurium biofilm formation， oxidative stress and virulence， and provided a basis for preliminary studies on the regulatory mechanism of sRNA GcvB in ST biofilm， oxidative stress and virulence.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1057-1064. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1057
Diverse flower color is an important characteristic of Meconopsis plants. In order to investigate the causes of petal color formation， three Meconopsis with different flower colors were used as materials to analyze the petal phenotypes and pigment distribution. UPLC-MS/MS technology was used to analyze the targeted metabolomics of anthocyanins， flavone， and carotenoids in three species of Meconopsis. The results showed that： The anthocyanins of the three species of Meconopsis mainly exist in epidermal cells， and the distributions of pigments in the upper and lower epidermis are relatively uniform. In addition， the upper and lower epidermal cells of Meconopsis have the same shape， both of which are flat and irregular rectangles. Metabolites of 59， 63， and 99 kinds were detected in Meconopsis punicea， Meconopsis integrifolia， and Meconopsis wilsonii， respectively. The derivative of cyanidin is the main contributor for the red color of M. punicea petals， and catechins compounds are complementary to deepening color. Quercetin flavonol metabolites are the main reason for the formation of yellow flowers in M. integrifolia. The coloration of the petals of M. wilsonii is a result of three metabolic pathways： anthocyanins， flavone， and carotenoids. Glycosyltransferase is involved in the metabolic process of three species of Meconopsis， and the enzyme activity will affect the content of glycosides in Meconopsis. This study revealed the the coloration of flowers of different Meconopsis species， which not only lays a foundation for analyzing the mechanism of pigmentation in Meconopsis flowers， but also provides a theoretical basis for molecular breeding of flowers with various color.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1065-1073. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1065
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound Chinese herb ultrafine powder on the intestinal membrane barrier and the microbial community in intestine of laying hens during late laying period. A total of 216 Xinyang Black-Feathered laying hens of 307-day-old were selected and randomly divided into three groups with eight replicates， nine hens in each group. The hens in control group were fed a basal diet， and hens in the experimental groups were either supplemented with 0.5% Salvia miltiorrhiza （SM） + 0.25% Ligustrum lucidum （LL） + 0.25% Dandelion （Compound 1） or 0.3% Motherwort + 0.2% SM + 0.25% LL + 0.25 % Dandelion （Compound 2） superfine powder in basal diet. Jejunum and ileum samples were collected on day 120 of the trial to determine the intestinal morphology， microflora composition， and the expressions of genes related to physical barrier function. The results showed that， compared with the control group， the jejunal villus height （VH） and the ratio of VH/crypt depth （CD）， the mRNA expressions of jejunal ZO-1 and Claudin-1 and ileal ZO-1， the relative abundances of ileal Actinobacteria and Enterococcus in the Compound 1 group were increased （P<0.05）. The ileal VH in the Compound 2 group decreased， as well as the jejunal and ileal VH/CD ratio， while the relative abundance of ileal Turicibacter was increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the Compound 1 group， the jejunal VH and VH/CD ratio， the mRNA expressions of jejunal Claudin-1 and ileal ZO-1 and the relative abundances of ileal Actinobacteria and Enterococcus in Compound 2 group were decreased （P<0.05）. Collectively， these findings suggested that dietary supplementation with compound Chinese herb superfine powder composed of motherwort， SM， LL， and dandelion could reduce the intestinal permeability， improve intestinal morphology， and increase the colonization of beneficial bacteria in the intestine of laying hens during late laying period， suggesting that the two compounds are beneficial to the maintenance of intestinal barrier function and intestinal microbial homeostasis， which could provide a reference and practical fondation for the development of new feed additives.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1074-1086. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1074
Spoilage， such as swelling of bags， can still occur after irradiation sterilization of pre-packaged chicken feet， the present study explored the changes in fungal diversity using high-throughput sequencing， and analyzed the changes of volatile components by headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （HS-SPME-GC-MS） in spoiled irradiated chicken feet. In addition， the correlation between dominant core microorganisms and volatile components was revealed by Spearman correlation analysis （|r|>0.8， P<0.05）. The results of high-throughput sequencing indicated that Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were the dominant phyla， and Thermoascus and Aspergillus were the dominant genera in spoiled chicken feet. A total number of 72 volatile components were identified from normal and spoiled chicken feet by HS-SPME-GC-MS. Eleven dominant core fungal genera and 34 markers of volatile components were screened using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis， respectively. The correlation network diagram based on Spearman analysis showed that 10 dominant core fungal genera had a significant effect （VIP>1，P<0.05） on the volatile components of chicken feet before and after spoilage， including unclassified_o_Saccharomycetales， Cladosporium， Fusarium， Vanrija， Thermoascus， Apiotrichum， unclassified_o_k_Fungi， Aspergillus， Candida， and Saccharomycopsis. This study provides a theoretical reference for solving the problem of spoilage of chicken feet by improving the production process and irradiation sterilization technique.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1087-1097. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1087
To investigate the effect of different water samples on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of millet porridge， fourteen water samples at eight types （tap water， ultra-pure water and pure water， mineral water， natural spring water， natural mineral water， soda water， gas-bearing mineral water） were used as cooking water for porridge preparation by Jingu 21 millet. The pH value， conductivity and mineral elements of the water samples were tested before and after boiling， and their effects on the color， viscosity， amino acids and sugars of millet porridge were investigated. Results found that the pH value and conductivity of water sample increased after boiling， and were significant positively correlated with the pH value and conductivity of millet porridge， with the correlation coefficients （r） of 0.95 and 0.87， respectively. Furthermore， a significant positive correlation was observed between the contents of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in boiling water samples， as well as the color difference a* values of millet porridge， with the correlation coefficients （r） of 0.542 and 0.538， respectively. Excessive conductivity was detrimental to the sensory quality and color of millet porridge， while a high pH value reduced its brightness. The physical and chemical components of various water samples influenced differently on the color， viscosity and amino acid components of millet porridge， mainly due to ions in the water quality. The Na+ could raise the total sugar content of millet porridge， making it sweet and leveled up of the histidine content. The high content of calcium and magnesium ions in the water sample induced the darkness of millet porridge. According to sensory evaluation， neutral water and appropriate amounts of mineral ions were the best for cooking millet porridge. The findings are relevant for selecting water for daily cooking of millet porridge and for millet porridge-related products in industry.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1098-1107. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1098
In order to investigate the effects of adding different mushroom powders on the gel characteristics and antioxidant properties of the emulsified sausages， 3% of each of Hericium erinaceus powder， Clitocybe squamulose powder， Cordyceps powder， Sparassis crispa powder and Lentinus edodes powder were added to pork mince to make emulsified sausages， respectively， and a blank control group was set up without adding mushroom powder. The water holding capacity， gel strength， whiteness value， antioxidant activity， chemical force， zeta potential and other indicators of emulsified sausage were measured， the sensory quality was evaluated， and the microstructure was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the water-holding capacity， gel strength and antioxidant activity of the emulsified sausages with the addition of mushroom powder increased （P<0.05）. Compared to other groups， the highest water-holding capacity and gel strength of 93.83% and 2.88 g·mm was found for Sparassis crispa sausages. The total reducing ability， hydroxyl radical scavenging rate， DPPH radical scavenging rate and superoxide anion radical scavenging rate of Lentinus edodes sausage were the highest， reaching 25.16%， 58.33%， 87.41% and 15.36%， respectively. Compared with the blank group， the emulsified sausages with addition of mushroom powder showed significant changes in chemical forces. The Cordyceps sausage promoted ionic and hydrophobic bonding， while the Hericium erinaceus mushroom sausage associated with myofibrillar proteins mainly through hydrogen bonding， and the addition of Clitocybe squamulose led to a stronger disulphide bonding in the sausage. Addition of mushroom powder improved the absolute value of zeta potential of emulsified sausages， resulting in a denser and more homogeneous microstructure， less pore size and improved sensory scores. In conclusion， the addition of mushroom powder can improve the gel characteristics and antioxidant properties of emulsified sausages， which was derived from the chemical force of emulsified sausage changed by mushroom powder and made the disulfide and ionic bonding force stronger. This study provided the theoretical basis and technical support for the application of mushroom powder in emulsified sausages.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1108-1116. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1108
In order to study the effect of frozing storage at different temperatures on the quality of black carp， the fresh black carp was frozen at -18， -30， -60 and -80 ℃， then the content of salt-soluble protein， calcium ATPase （Ca2+-ATPase） activity， total sulfhydryl group and surface hydrophobicity were measured at 0， 7， 15， 30， 60 and 90 days， respectively. Changes in quality of frozen black carp were analyzed by combining texture， color difference， sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） and scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The results showed that with the extension of frozen storage time， the fish quality of the four groups decreased， and the change of detection index within 30 days was more prominent， indicating that the edible value of frozen black carp stored for one month had been reduced. However， under the same frozen storage days， the indexes of frozen back carp in the -80 ℃ group were better than those in the other three groups， followed by the -60 ℃ group. The difference between the -18 and -30 ℃ groups was not obvious， indicating that ultra-low temperature can reduce the rate of tissue protein degeneration of black carp and better maintain the quality of fish. This study can provide a theoretical basis for developing new frozen storage methods or auxiliary storage of black carp.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1117-1124. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1117
In order to improve the shortcomings of unstable properties of porcine hemoglobin （PHb） and its application value， the natural antioxidant catechins （C） and PHb were interacted with PHb to stabilize the structure of PHb. The ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy， fluorescence spectroscopy， fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the interaction between C and PHb， and the morphology and structure of C-PHb were characterized by molecular simulation docking technology. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of PHb changed significantly after addition of C. The fluorescence spectroscopy results showed that C could effectively quench the endogenous fluorescence of PHb， which was a free-occurring static quenching with a quenching constant （Kq ） of 7.5×1010 L·mol-1·s-1. The main forces were van der Waals forces， hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces. Meanwhile， compared with PHb， the protein secondary structure of C-PHb changed， which was manifested by the increase of β-folding， and a decrease in the content of α-helix， β-turn and random coil. In addition， the molecular docking model further verified that C can interact with PHb. Studies have shown that C can interact with PHb. This study could provide the theoretical support and feasibility basis for the preparation of PHb complexes with antioxidant properties.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1125-1136. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1125
In order to study the bud inhibiting effect of 3-decene-2-ketone on potato. In this experiment， Longshu 7 potato was subjected to fumigation with 0.15 mL·kg-1 of 3-decene-2-ketone， and the effects of 3-decene-2-ketone for 0-5 days on meristem changes and physiological indexes of the bud eye were investigated. The transcriptome analysis was performed on potato samples at 48 and 72 h after treatment. The results showed that after 3-decene-2-ketone treatment， the bud meristem gradually necrotic 1-2 days， and completely necrotic 3-4 days. Compared with the control group， the tuber respiration rate， contents of superoxide anion （O2-）， hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）， malondialdehyde （MDA） and protein carbonyl group increased in the treatment group. Treatmemt with 3-decene-2-one led to down-regulation of the gene encoding 9-LOX and altered plant hormone levels， as well as disrupted the chloroplast electron transport system in photosynthesis， which in turn affected the pectin methylesterase activity and altered the stability of the cell wall， and ultimately caused the meristematic cells to undergo membrane peroxidation in a short period of time to inhibit potato sprouting. In this process， glutathione metabolism and phenylpropane biosynthesis pathway responded to oxidative stress. The results of this study may provide a reference for further exploration of the molecular mechanism of 3-decen-2-one in inhibiting potato sprouting.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1137-1145. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1137
Zearalenone （ZEN） and its derivatives are secondary metabolites produced by Fusarium spp.， possessing reproductive toxicity and cytotoxicity. These compounds are widely distributed in cereals and cereal products that have been infected by Fusarium spp. The detrimental impact of ZEN not only causes yield loss and reduced grain quality but also poses a serious threat to human health and husbandry production. Several techniques， including physical， chemical and biological methods， have been used to detoxify ZEN. Among these methods， the enzymatic approach stands out due to its mild reaction conditions， good specificity， high detoxification efficiency， environmental compatibility and convenience. Recent studies have identified and reported various ZEN-degrading enzymes， which have proven as practical applications to handle ZEN contamination. This study aims to illustrate recent studies concerning the enzymatic detoxification of ZEN and the properties of ZEN-degrading enzymes.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1146-1152. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1146
In order to explore the enrichment rule of 226Ra by dominant plants and characteristics of their rhizosphere microorganisms in medium-low level radium contaminated soil in southern China， a field quadrat survey was conducted on a typical uranium mining area in the subtropical humid monsoon climate region， dominant plants and soil were collected. Species dominance， the soil pollution level of radium， the plant transfer and bioaccumulation characteristics of 226Ra， and characteristics of plant rhizosphere microorganism were analyzed. The results showed that： a total 15 dominant herbs were screened， the biomass of Sorghum sudanense was the largest， the bio-concentration factor and translocation factor were 0.17 and 0.45， respectively. The average concentration of 226Ra was 211 Bq·kg-1 in soil. There were a large number of Proteobacteria， Ascomycota and other microorganisms in soil， and specific microbial groups were enriched in different plant rhizospheres， which has application potential in the treatment and remediation of radioactive environments， and the formation of combined plant-microbial remediation. The results could provide a basis for screening of combined plant-microbial remediation technologies for in-situ remediation of radioactive contaminated soil in the future.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1153-1162. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1153
To explore the appropriate fertilizer strategy for the coordinated development of yield and quality of rice and crayfish production in rice-crayfish co-cultivation with deep water irrigation， Fengyouxiangzhan， a rice variety tailored for rice-crayfish co-cultivation， was used as the experimental material. Seven fertilization treatments were set： 0 kg N ha-1 without crayfish cultivation （R， control）， 100% inorganic fertilizer in deep water without crayfish （RR）， 100% inorganic fertilizer in alternating wet and dry conditions with crayfish （RC）， 100% inorganic fertilizer in deep water with crayfish （RS0）， 30% organic and 70% inorganic fertilizers in deep water with crayfish （RS3）， 50% organic and 50% inorganic fertilizers in deep water with crayfish （RS5）， 70% organic and 30% inorganic fertilizers in deep water with crayfish （RS7）.Yield traits of rice and crayfish，and rice quality （appearance， processing， nutrition， and taste） were analyzed. The results showed that a 50∶50 mix of organic and inorganic fertilizers produced the highest rice yields under deep-water irrigation， and the yields of the two years were 8.99 and 6.54 t·hm-2， respectively， and the yield was increased compared with RC. As the organic fertilizer proportion increased， there was a general improvement in brown rice rate， milled rice rate， head milled rice rate， while chalkiness degree， chalkiness rate， and chalkiness size initially decreased and then increased. Notably， RS5 and RS7 showcased superior processing and appearance qualities compared to RC. Additionally， the protein content in RS5 and RS7 was higher and significantly increased compared with RC， while amylose content， rice appearance， mouthfeel， and taste showed an opposite trend. Furthermore， parameters like peak， trough， final viscosity， and breakdown decreased as organic content increased， with RS5 and RS7 exhibiting the most significant decreased compared with RC. Conversely， setback and pasting temperature metrics showed an opposite trend. Regarding crayfish， as organic fertilizer proportion increased， there was little difference in crayfish yield among the organic and inorganic fertilizer proportion treatments， but the coefficient of variation of crayfish mean weight showed a downward trend， specially the RS5 and RS7 treatments. In conclusion， the optimal nitrogen supply ratio of organic and inorganic fertilizers was 50∶50， which could alleviate the side effect caused by deep water cultivation， improve rice yield， rice processing， appearance and nutrition quality under the rice-crayfish co-cultivation， and improve the specification stability and specification benefits of crayfish， but had a certain negative impact on taste quality and RVA characteristics. This research provides a scientific basis for the rice high quality cultivation under the rice-crayfish co-cultivation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1163-1174. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1163
This paper were studied to explore the effects of different soil amendments on continuous cropping barriers of cucumber （Cucumis sativus L. Del 99） in greenhouse. This experiment， including four treatments ［control group （CK）， vermicompost （V）， desulfurization gypsum （G） and mix desulfurization gypsum & vermicompost （G+V）］， was conducted in Ningxia Horticultural Industrial Park from 2018 to 2020. The effects of different treatments on soil physical properties， soil enzymes， soil microbial community distribution， cucumber quality and yield were investigated， and they were included in the soil quality index （SQI） for fitting analysis with cucumber yield. The results showed that， vermicompost and desulfurized gypsum （G+V） could reduce the soil pH and increase the contents of soil organic matter， nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium under continuous cropping soil in northern China. The bacterial community of G+V was the most abundant， and the proportion of Actinobacteria increased with the increase of cucumber planting years. After four consecutive cultivation， all the application of amendment could significantly increase cucumber yield， and the G+V treatment had a higher increase， which was 19.81%， 31.47%， 11.36% and 14.98% higher than the CK， respectively. Correlation analysis found that SQI was significantly positively correlated with cucumber yield. In conclusion， the application of G+V can improve the soil comprehensive quality index and increase cucumber yield in greenhouse. The results of this study provide a theoretical reference for the sustainable production of greenhouse vegetables and the improvement of continuous cropping obstacles in northern China.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1175-1185. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1175
To investigate the effects of the amount of adding mulberry pruning debris and nitrogen application on soil nutrients and microbial communities in a mulberry orchard， a pot experiment was conducted using dried and milled mulberry pruning debris along with mulberry orchard soils by nylon bags. The experiment used two-factor variables， including the amount of adding mulberry pruning debris （full amounts， half amounts， and none） and nitrogen application methods ［no nitrogen application， one-time application at the beginning， one-time application at 28 days， and twice application （beginning and 28 days）］. The mulberry residues， soil physic-chemical properties and the structure of microbial communities based on 16S and ITS sequencing were assessed over a period of 35 days. The results showed that， the decomposition of mulberry pruning debris was primarily influenced by the methods of nitrogen application. The treatments of adding mulberry pruning debris significantly increased the soil organic matter compared to the non-addition treatments， while nitrogen application significantly increased the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen compared to the non-addition treatment. The amount of adding mulberry pruning debris was the main factor influencing soil microbial richness and diversity， and adding full amounts of mulberry pruning debris significantly reduced the Chao1 and Shannon indices of soil microorganisms compared to other treatments. Both mulberry pruning debris and nitrogen application could significantly influence the distribution of microbial communities， but the amount of adding mulberry pruning debris had a more significant impact on fungal distribution compared to nitrogen application methods. The results of redundant analysis （RDA） revealed a strong correlation between the microbial community distribution and the contents of soil pH， organic matter， and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen. The addition of mulberry pruning debris highly significantly increased the relative abundance of Sordariomycetes， while the application of nitrogen highly significantly increased the relative abundance of Nitrospira. The addition of mulberry pruning debris resulted in a significant enrichment of Microbacterium， Ellin6067， MND1， Sporosarcina， Pseudomonas， Streptomyces， Acremonium， Gibellulopsis， and Ciboria compared to treatments without debris. Further analysis of the potential ecological functions of the enriched fungi revealed that the decomposition of mulberry pruning debris primarily increased the relative abundance of saprotrophic fungi. Specifically， there was an increase to 58.96% and 58.39% in treatments with full and half-amounts of pruning debris respectively， compared to only 23.74% in treatments without any additions. This study establishes a theoretical framework for elucidating the microecological impacts of mulberry prunings incorporated into the field.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1186-1195. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1186
In order to investigate the effects of biochar dosage on tobacco bacterial wilt and rhizosphere soil community structure and function， five biochar-soil ratio of 0， 1.5%， 3.0%， 4.5% and 6.0% （recorded as TS0， TS15， TS30， TS45 and TS60） were set in tobacco disease nursery to study the incidence of bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco， soil agrochemical characteristics， bacterial community structure and function. The results showed that biochar could effectively reduce the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt， and the best effect existed in the 3.0% biochar-soil ratio. Biochar significantly increased soil pH value and organic matter， and improve soil nutrient ratio. The results of RDA analysis showed that soil pH value and soil nutrients were important factors affecting tobacco bacterial wilt， and increasing soil pH value and nutrient content could effectively reduce the incidence of bacterial wilt. Further analysis showed that biochar could increase the diversity of soil bacterial Alpha， when the biochar-soil ratio was 1.5% to 6.0%， the richness was 8.24% to 26.50% higher than that of the control. Compared with the control， the abundance of Proteobacteria increased by 2.28， 9.70， 5.40 and 5.28 percentage points， respectively， while the abundance of Acidobacteria decreased by 5.48， 7.05， 8.09 and 7.06 percentage points， respectively. Phenotypic prediction results showed that biochar could reduce the abundance of potential pathogens by increasing the abundance of Proteobacteria and decreasing the abundance of Acidobacteria. Compared with the control， the abundance with 3.0% biochar-soil ratio increased by 5.77， 0.24 and 0.36 percentage points for Bacillus， Sphingosphinomonas and Sphinomonas， respectively， and decreased by 1.70 percentage points for Bacillus， and the abundance of Raleella gradually decreased with the increase of biochar application rate. In addition， biochar could improve the abundance of soil amino acid metabolism， cell growth and death function groups.Meanwhile， soil pH value， organic matter， available potassium and total element content had positive effects on amino acid metabolism， cell growth and death function， but Bacillus rotobacter had negative effects on them. In conclusion， biochar application significantly improved the proportion of soil nutrients， then changed the structure and functional characteristics of soil bacterial community， stimulated amino acid metabolism of bacterial community and other functions， improved the disease resistance of tobacco， and reduced the incidence of bacterial wilt. In this study， the biochar-soil ratio of 3.0%-4.5% was more effective in controlling bacterial wilt of tobacco plants. This study provides scientific basis for disease control and soil improvement in tobacco cultivation.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1196-1204. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1196
In order to reduce the adverse effects of nutrient deficiency disorders on the production and cultivation of Kyoho grape （Vitis vinifera×Vitis labrusca）， this experiment was aimed to compare the difference of phenotype and physiological indicators among different nutrient deficiency treatments （-N、-P、-K、-Ca、-Mg、-Fe、-B、-Zn、-Cu）. One-year-old Kyoho cutting seedling cultured in Hoagland nutrient solution and nutrient-deficient nutrient solution were used as materials. The results indicated that Kyoho seedling express the symptoms earlier under the -N， -Ca， -Mg and -Zn treatment. The plants had week resistance， severe symptoms and higher mortality under -Zn treatment. When the plants were deficient in N and P， the veins of old leaves turned yellow， and the yellowing area gradually spread to the surrounding mesophyll. The mesophyll of old leaves turned yellow when K and Mg were deficient， whereas the mesophyll of new leaves became chlorotic when Ca and Cu were deficient.The veins were still green when K， Mg， Ca and Cu were deficient. Old leaves were mostly in the shape of ‘mosaic leaves’， and dead spots and scorched leaves were common when Fe， Zn and Cu were deficient. The plant growth was significantly inhibited by nutrient deficiency， especially N and Zn deficient. The chlorophyll content was significantly reduced by nutrient deficiency， but had little effect on leaf shape. MDA content and APX activity showed an overall trend of increasing and then decreasing when nutrient deficient happen. In general， Kyoho was more sensitive and less tolerant to Zn deficient， and more tolerant to P deficient. This experiment provides a reference for early nutritional diagnosis and guidance of field fertilization by observing the apparent differences in nutrient deficiency and growth indicators such as plant height and chlorophyll content in grape. The results of this study provide reference for early nutrition diagnosis and fertilization guidance in the field.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2024, 38(6): 1205-1211. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2024.06.1205
To explore the regulation of nitrate nitrogen absorption （NO3--N） by the cell plasma membrane ATP enzyme （PM H+-ATPase） gene in rice under aluminum （Al） stress， two rice varieties， Feng 1A and Feng 1A super 5， were studied and seedlings without Al treatment were used as control. The activities of PM H+-ATPase hydrolysis and H+-pump， H+ efflux， the expression levels of PM H+-ATPase gene （OsA1-OsA10）， the level of interaction of PM H+-ATPase and 14-3-3 protein were analysed. The results showed that， the activities of PM H+-ATPase hydrolysis and H+-pump， H+ efflux， the level of interaction of PM H+-ATPase and 14-3-3 protein showed a decrease compared with the control. The expression of gene OsA1， OsA5， OsA7 and OsA8 were suppressed. The expression level of OsA7 in Feng 1A and Feng 1A super 5 under Al stress were only 21% and 39% of the control， respectively， and the difference is significant. The uptake of NO3--N of two rice varieties are 81% and 85% of the control， respectively. In conclusion， the expression level of PM H+-ATPase gene affected the absorption capacity of NO3--N in rice， OsA1， OsA5， OsA7 and OsA8 could play a key regulatory role in the process of NO3--N absorption under Al stress. This study provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the ability of rice to absorb NO3--N under acidic Al conditions， thereby promoting their growth and yield.
