10 August 2025, Volume 39 Issue 8
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1593-1605. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1593
To explore the potential application of medium-energy proton beam irradiation to enhance salinity-alkalinity tolerance in rice， the impacts of medium-energy proton beam irradiation on salinity tolerance in rice were investigated at phenotypic， physiological， biochemical， and genomic levels and salinity tolerant mutants were screened. Results showed that proton irradiation had a greater impact on seed viability than microgravity. Specifically， low doses （≤10 Gy） of proton irradiation promoted seed germination， whereas high doses （≥100 Gy） inhibited it. Rice mutant obtained with 10 Gy proton beam irradiation exhibited increased chlorophyll content and concomitant enhancement in seedling photosynthesis when subjected to salinity stress. Compared to the wild-type （WT）， the mutant exhibited significantly higher superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） activities along with significantly reduced malondialdehyde （MDA） content， indicating enhanced antioxidant capacity. Whole-genome sequencing （WGS） analysis demonstrated that 53.5% of proton beam-induced single-base substitutions （SBSs） and insertions/deletions （InDels） occurred in intergenic regions. SBSs were the most abundant variant type， accounting for 80.4% of all mutations. Single-base transitions constituted the predominant type among all observed SBSs， with an average transition/transversion ratio of 3.0. Over half of the InDels were short-fragment mutations （1-2 bp）. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that rice may counteracts salinity-alkalinity stress primarily through secondary metabolites biosynthesis， plant hormone signal transduction， phenylpropanoid biosynthesis， and glutathione metabolism. This study provides theoretical guidance for employing medium-energy proton irradiation to improve salinity tolerance in rice and for elucidating the underlying mutagenic mechanisms.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1606-1616. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1606
Radiation-induced mutation breeding is an important technique for germplasm innovation. To elucidate genomic variations in the dwarf mutant S24 of snap bean （Phaseolus vulgaris L.） generated by irradiation mutagenesis， comparative phenotypic and whole-genome resequencing analyses between the mutant S24 and its wild-type counterpart were performed. Results showed that the plant height of the S24 mutant was only 33% of the wild-type， with fewer nodes， smaller leaves， and a significantly dwarfed and compact plant architecture. Whole-genome resequencing analysis identified 113 082 single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） and 26 938 small insertions and deletions （InDels）， with SNPs representing 80.1% of the total mutations. The distribution density of mutation sites showed significant variation across chromosomes， with chromosome 6 displaying the highest mutation density. High-frequency mutation regions were identified in different chromosomal regions， where SNPs and InDels were co-localized. Through functional annotation and enrichment analysis of the mutated genes through the GO and KEGG databases， with a focus on genes containing exonic mutations， eight key candidate genes associated with the dwarf trait were identified. This study provide genomic-level insights into the variation characteristics of the dwarf mutant S24， providing valuable data and material for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying dwarf trait formation and advancing dwarf breeding in snap beans.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1617-1629. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1617
Argonaute （AGO） proteins， key components of the RNA-induced silencing complex （RISC）， regulate plant growth， development， and stress response. To explore the role of CsAGO1c in cucumber， we used CRISPR/Cas9 to edit the CsAGO1c gene in the Xintaimici inbred line through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Mutant plants were screened and analyzed for editing patterns， phenotypes， and seed germination. Among four T0 transgenic seedlings， #4 and #12 showed successful editing， while #7 and #11 did not. Notably， T1 progeny of #7 exhibited diverse edits， including large and small deletions， single-base insertions， and substitutions. Phenotypic analysis revealed no significant differences in leaf shape， internode length， tendrils， lateral branches， or male and female flower node positions between mutants and controls. However， seed germination rates were significantly reduced in mutants， suggesting that CsAGO1c might
regulate cucumber seed germination. This study offers crucial theoretical insights into the function of the CsAGO1c gene， as well as valuable guidance for cucumber genetic improvement and cultivar development. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1630-1639. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1630
Insertion/Deletions （InDels） markers have the advantages of high genetic stability， broad genomic distribution， high polymorphism and wide applicability， making them valuable for genetic analysis， evolution studies and gene mapping. To explore InDel loci and develop molecular markers， and facilitate hybrid maize variety identification， single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） and InDels were comprehensively analyzed based on next-generation sequencing data from 12 maize varieties， InDel molecular markers were developed and applied to identify the hybrid maize variety Hangnuoyu 21. Results showed that 19 539 984 SNP loci and 2 124 876 InDel loci were screened from the shared sequence tags of the 12 maize samples. A total of 36 high-quality InDel molecular markers spanning all 10 maize chromosomes were obtained after screening， and multiple combinations of 6 InDel primer sets were established. The results of amplification with InDel markers in 12 maize varieties showed that the major allele frequency （MAF） ranged from 0.417 to 0.875 with a mean value of 0.708， and the polymorphism information content （PIC） ranged from 0.195 to 0.583， with a mean value of 0.327. Cluster analysis based on next-generation sequencing data and the developed InDel marker loci effectively distinguished Hangnuoyu 21， a waxy maize variety， from other varieties. This study successfully integrates next-generation sequencing-dervied InDel markerswith multiplex PCR technology for maize variety identification， which not only improved the efficiency of variety identification， but also provided useful information for optimize utilization of Hangnuoyu 21 and genetic improvement of maize in the future.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1640-1646. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1640
To fine-map the quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for chlorophyll content in rice， two near-isogenic lines （NILs） populations derived from an indica rice cross Zhenshan 97B/Miyang 46 were used to verify and fine-map QTL qFChlA-6/qFChlB-6， a QTL controlling chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents in flag leaf. Using a population consisting of four sets of NILs， qFChlA-6/qFChlB-6 were delimited to a 60.36 kb region flanked by markers RM3414 and Si2944， corresponding to the physical positions of 2 881 788 to 2 944 150 bp on rice chromosome 6. Subsequently， the QTL was fine-mapped to a 1.7 kb interval between markers Si2925 and Si2927 with another population consisting of two sets of NILs. The paternal Miyang46 allele increased chlorophyll b content by 0.075 mg·g-1 fresh weight （FW）， accounting for 20.7% of the phenotypic variance. The results of this study lay a solid foundation for molecular mapping of qFChlA-6/qFChlB-6.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1647-1656. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1647
The formation of peel puffing in loose-skin citrus fruit is closely related to the stability of the peel cell wall. The nodulin-like gene Walls Are Thin 1（WAT1） plays a critical role iin synthesizing the secondary cell wall and maintaining cell wall integrity in plants. This study aims to investigate the characteristics and functions of the WAT1 gene family and explore its association with peel puffing in satsuma mandarin （Citrus unshiu Marc.）. Through bioinformatics analysis of the loose-skin citrus genome database， the WAT1 gene family was identified. Transcriptome sequencing was then used to analyze the expression patterns of WAT1 family members. Additionally， the impacts of gibberellin （GA3） and propyldihydrojasmon （PDJ） treatments on WAT1 gene expression and their relation to peel puffing formation were examined. A total of 35 WAT1 family members were identified， most of which contained 6 or 7 exons. The encoded WAT1s proteins varied in length from 125 to 885 amino acids， with isoelectric points ranging from 5.55 to 9.98. All WAT1 proteins exhibited hydrophobic characteristics and were predicted to localize in the plasma membrane， vacuolar membrane， and chloroplast. The promoter region of the WAT1 family genes contain abundant MYB-responsive motifs and hormone-responsive elements， suggesting a crucial role in growth， development， and various physiological processes related to cell wall synthesis and metabolism of satsuma mandarin. Based on gene expression variations， the WAT1 family in satsuma mandarin was classified into five categories （I-V）. Spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed significantly different expression patterns for class I and class II genes， which showed an inverse relationship with the peel puffing index， suggesting their potential regulatory role in peel puffing formation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） analysis of six WAT1 genes in flavedo and albedo tissues under GA3 and PDJ treatment revealed that MSYJ255930 and MSYJ180350 were significantly upregulated in both tissues. Concurrently， the peel puffing index was notably reduced compared to the control. These findings suggested that MSYJ255930 and MSYJ180350 might regulated the peel puffing formation in satsuma mandarin fruits through being upregulated by GA3 and PDJ treatments. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying peel puffing formation in loose-skin citrus and offers insights for the genetic improvement of loose-skin citrus.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1657-1664. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1657
The basic/helix-loop-helix （bHLH） transcription factors， widely present in plants， play important roles in plant growth and response to abiotic stresses. The expression of GhbHLH149-like gene is induced by salt stress. To identify interacting proteins of GhbHLH149-like and elucidate its molecular mechanism in response to salt stress， yeast two-hybrid cDNA library of was constructed using upland cotton variety JZ-1in this study. The capacities of the primary cDNA library and secondary cDNA library were 1.12×107 CFU and 1.44×107 CFU respectively， with a 100% positive recombination rate and the average size of inserted fragment exceeded 1 000 bp. The yeast library demonstrated a titer of 1.40×108 cells·mL-1. The quality of the yeast cDNA library was qualified and met the requirements for subsequent yeast two hybrid screening. Furthermore， the bait vector pGBKT7-GhbHLH149-like was constructed and identified as no toxicity and no self- activation in the yeast cells， making it appropriate for yeast two-hybrid screening. Using GhbHLH149-like as bait protein to screen the library， a collection of 8 candidate proteins that may interact with GhbHLH149-like were obtained. The protein-protein interactions between GhbHLH149-like and these candidate proteins were further confirmed by yeast two-hybrid assay. The quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） results suggested that the expression of two genes encoding KNOX1-4 and EF-Tu proteins was strongly induced by salt stress. These findings laid a theoretical foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of GhbHLH149-like in regulating the response of cotton seedlings to salt stress.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1665-1675. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1665
To identify high-quality purple non-heading Chinese cabbage varieties with elevated anthocyanin content and to establish a comprehensive quality evaluation system through the multivariate statistical analysis. The anthocyanin accumulation level and quality characteristics of 10 purple non-heading Chinese cabbage germplasms were analyzed using principal component analysis combined with weighted subordinate function and clustering analysis. The results showed that there were different degrees of variation among varieties. Quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） analysis revealed that A2 exhibited the highest expression level of key genes for anthocyanin synthesis， while A3 had the lowest expression. Correlation analysis showed that chlorophyll content was significantly negatively correlated with anthocyanin content， and PAL activity was significantly positively correlated with anthocyanin content. Principal component analysis revealed that a total of 4 indicators， namely， anthocyanin content， soluble sugar content， degree of unfolding and CHI activity， could be used as the key indexes for evaluating the comprehensive quality of purple non-heading Chinese cabbage. Cluster analysis classified the 10 materials into three categories， where A2 was the variety with the best comprehensive quality， i.e.， the highest level of anthocyanin and the best quality traits， A6， A7， A1， A5， A9， A10 and A8 had medium comprehensive quality， and A3 and A4 exhibited poor comprehensive quality. These results provide theoretical references for the selection and improvement of high-quality purple non-heading Chinese cabbage varieties.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1676-1687. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1676
Cholecystokinin type Ⅱ receptor （CCKBR），a G protein-coupled receptor， participates not only in appetite regulation， emotional modulation， and behavioral rhythms through CCK neurotransmitters， but also engages in various physiological processes including cell proliferation， differentiation， and metabolism. To investigate whether CCKBR regulates seasonal estrus in
Bactrian camels and its role in reproductive control， testicular and epididymal tissues were collected from healthy 5-year-old adult male camels （n=3） during estrus and non-estrus periods. Target genes were screened through transcriptomic analysis， while CCKBR expression patterns were detected using hematoxylin-eosin staining （H&E）， quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR）， immunohistochemistry （IHC）， and Western blot. Transcriptomics revealed significantly higher CCKBR mRNA expression in testicular tissue during non-estrus， with functional enrichment in reproductive processes and sexual behavior. H&E staining demonstrated smaller seminiferous tubule lumens and thinner epididymal walls during non-estrus compared to estrus. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the CCKBR mRNA levels were significantly elevated in the testis， epididymis caput， and epididymis cauda during non-estrus compared to estrus （ P<0.01）， while significantly lower expression in the epididymis corpus during non-estrus （ P<0.01）. Western blot confirmed CCKBR protein expression patterns paralleled mRNA treands. IHC analysis identified positive CCKBR expression in testicular Sertoli cells， Leydig cells， epididymal epithelial cells， and smooth muscle cells. This study demonstrates that CCKBR participates in regulating testicular and epididymal development as well as sperm maturation across reproductive phases， providing valuable insights into seasonal estrus regulation in Bactrian camels. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1688-1698. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1688
To investigate the effects of electron beam irradiation on the physicochemical properties of proteins during the aging process of tobacco leaves， two types of tobacco leaf samples from Henan and Yunnan as research materials were used in this study. The samples were irradiated with doses of 0， 3， 6 and 10 kGy， respectively， and then aged under conditions of 28 ℃ and 60% relative humidity （storage times were 0， 3 and 6 months）. Tobacco leaf proteins were extracted and subjected to physicochemical analysis. The results showed that there were differences in the physicochemical properties of proteins between the two types of tobacco leaves. For Henan tobacco leaf proteins， there were no significant changes in particle size and potential in the 3 and 6 kGy treatment groups compared to the 0 kGy control group， while the 10 kGy treatment group showed a decrease in particle size and an increase in the absolute value of potential. With the increase in dose， the particle size of Yunnan tobacco leaf proteins first increased and then decreased， and the absolute value of potential first decreased and then increased. During the aging period， the particle size of Henan tobacco leaf proteins showed an increasing trend， while the Yunnan samples showed the opposite trend. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that at 0 months， the fluorescence intensity of proteins decreased first and then increased with the increase in irradiation dose. At 6 months， the fluorescence intensity of the irradiated groups in Henan samples was higher than that of the non-irradiated group， while the fluorescence intensity of Yunnan samples first increased and then decreased with the increase in dose. Infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy observations indicated that compared with the non-irradiated group at 0 months， there were no significant changes in the secondary structure and apparent morphology of proteins， and the surface hydrophobicity and thermal stability of proteins were enhanced after irradiation. In summary， electron beam irradiation treatment caused differences in the physicochemical properties of tobacco leaf proteins， and these differences changed during the aging process， indicating that both electron beam action and the aging process affect the physicochemical properties of tobacco leaf proteins. The absence of differences in infrared spectroscopy indicates that the main components of proteins were not affected. This study provides valuable references for the application of electron beam irradiation technology in the tobacco industry and the analysis of the mechanism of changes in tobacco leaf quality.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1699-1708. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1699
The excellent biodegradability and low toxicity of chitosan （CS） make it a promising candidate for the development of innovative food packaging films. To address the limitations of CS， including its weak mechanical properties， narrow antibacterial spectrum， and limited air permeability by incorporating chestnut bract extract （CBE） into CS， the CBE-CS composite films were prepared using the solution casting method. The effects of the CBE addition amount on the structure， physical properties， antioxidant activity， and antibacterial activity of the films were investigated， followed by an assessment of the preservation effect of the CBE-CS composite films on strawberries. The results reflected that compared with CS film， the addition of CBE significantly enhanced the mechanical properties， antibacterial efficacy， and antioxidant capacity of the films. Particularly， the addition of 1.28% CBE resulted in a remarkable increase in antioxidant capacity from 5.07% （in pure CS film） to 67.94%. In the fresh preservation experiment of strawberries， compared with CS film， the CBE-CS composite film significantly reduced spoilage and weight loss. When the addition of CBE was 1.28%， the weight loss rate decreased from 54.22% （pure CS film） to 36.02%. This study could provide novel insights and theoretical supports for utilizing chestnut bract waste in food packaging films.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1709-1720. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1709
In order to clarify the changes in rice quality during the drying process of different rice varieties， this study systematically analyzed the appearance quality， processing quality， physicochemical properties， cooking and eating quality， and grain moisture characteristics dynamics of rice and their relations under constant temperature drying conditions of 40， 50 and 60 ℃. The results showed that with the increase in drying temperature， the relative content of free water in rice decreased， and the processing， eating and cooking quality declined. Compared with 40 ℃ drying， the head rice rate has decreased by 10.8 to 21.5 percentage， the breakdown value has decreased by 4.2% to 35.8% and the comprehensive score of cooked rice has decreased by 2.8% to 5.6% under 60 ℃ drying conditions. However， the response of rice quality change to drying temperature was inconsistent among different varieties. Principal component analysis （PCA） showed that compared with Zhongzheyou 8， Quanxiangyou and Jiafengyou 2， the rice quality of Huazheyou 223， Yongyou 7860 and Yongyou 9 decreased more under 50 and 60 ℃ drying conditions. These differences were mainly caused by the length-width ratio， initial free water content and amylose content. In the process of high-temperature drying， the rice varieties with lower length-width ratio and amylose content， higher initial free water content showed higher crack grain rates and a larger decline in eating qualities. These results provide a theoretical basis for the classification， high efficiency and quality preservation drying of high-quality rice.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1721-1733. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1721
To explore the effect of Forsythia suspensa extract combined with chitosan （FSE+CS） treatment on the storage and preservation of winter jujubes， winter jujubes were treated with distilled water （CK）， Forsythia suspensa extract （FSE）， chitosan （CS）， and FSE+CS， respectively， and stored at a temperature of （0±0.5）℃ and a relative humidity of 60% to 80%. The relevant indicators were measured every 15 days. The results showed that compared with other treatment methods， FSE+CS treatment had significant advantages in the preservation of winter jujubes. FSE+CS treatment significantly reduced the accumulation of ethanol， pyruvic acid，
， and H2O2 during storage. Meanwhile， FSE+CS treatment improved the activities of enzymes in ROS metabolism， such as glutathione reductase （GR） and peroxidase （POD）， delayed the decrease in soluble solid content （SSC）， ascorbic acid and glutathione （GSH） ， and maintained a high ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging rate. In addition， FSE+CS treatment enhanced the activities of disease resistance-related enzymes in the phenylpropanoid metabolism of winter jujubes， significantly enhanced phenol and flavonoid contents， and preserved high β-1，3-glucanase （GLU） and chitinase （CHI） activities. Through correlation analysis， it was found that the redness index and rot rate of winter jujubes during storage were significantly positively correlated with ethanol content， alcohol dehydrogenase （ADH）， pyruvate decarboxylase （PDC）， production rate， and H2O2 content（P<0.05）， significantly negatively correlated with the activities of enzymes in ethanol metabolism and ROS metabolism. This indicated that effectively increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the level of ethanol metabolism during storage can delay the decline in the quality of winter jujubes， which was an important way to maintain their storage quality. In conclusion， FSE+CS can be used as a new type of preservative for the preservation of winter jujubes， and this study can provide a new theoretical reference for delaying the quality deterioration of winter jujubes during storage. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1734-1743. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1734
In order to explore the effect of supercooling storage on the freezing parameters and quality of lamb， raw lamb was vacuum packed and stored at -3 ℃. Then the changes of freezing point， supercooling point， pH value， storage loss and other indicators of lamb were monitored during the storage and compared with the corresponding values of lamb stored at 4 ℃. The results showed that the storage temperature， storage time and muscle affect freezing point and supercooling point of raw lamb stored at 4 ℃ and -3 ℃， the freezing point temperature ranges were -1.43 to -0.40 ℃， -2.10 to -0.50 ℃ and -1.27 to -0.50 ℃ for longissimus dorsi， quadriceps femoris and semimembranosus. respectively. And the supercooling point temperature were -6.80 to -3.15 ℃， -7.15 to -2.90 ℃ and -7.05 to -2.57 ℃， respectively. Compared with 4 ℃ storage， -3 ℃ supercooled storage reduced storage loss， total colony count， total volatile basic nitrogen， impeded the increase of b* value of quadriceps femoris and semimembranosus muscles， and prolonged the shelf-life to 40 d. In summary， the freezing point of raw lamb meat changes during storage， and the storage temperature should be varied to avoid ice crystals being formed in the meat when storage temperature was below the supercooling point， causing damage to the muscle cells. Supercooling storage can extend the shelf life of raw lamb and reduce juice loss during storage. This study provided an theoretical basis for the high quality lamb meat production.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1744-1753. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1744
Neoagaro-oligosaccharide （NAOS） is a promising regulator on postharvest fruit quality， but the physiological mechanism related to the preservation effects remains unclear. To investigate the effects of NAOS treatment on the appearance quality and physiological properties in golden passion fruit stored at 25 ℃， the golden passion fruit cv. Qinmi No. 9 was treated with 180 mg·L-1 NAOS and distilled water （control）， and the changes of main carbohydrate and organic acid contents， as well as activities of relevant enzymes were analyzed. The results showed that NAOS treatment delayed the pericarp color change， pericarp browning and shrinking， maintained the high commercially acceptable fruit rate， and inhibited the respiration rate of passion fruit. Moreover， NAOS treatment reduced the acid invertase activity， inhibited the activities of neutral invertase and sucrose synthetase in decomposition direction， and increased the activities of sucrose synthetase in synthesis direction and sucrose phosphate synthase， thereby increasing the contents of sucrose and glucose in passion fruit. Likewise， NAOS treatment restrained the activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase， pyruvate kinase and succinate dehydrogenase， and improved the citrate synthase activity， increasing the contents of pyruvic acid， citric acid， succinic acid， fumaric acid and malic acid in passion fruit. Therefore， NAOS treatment could regulate the activities of enzymes involved in sugar and organic acid metabolisms via inhibiting the respiration rate， and maintain the high levels of sugar and organic acid， thereby delaying the nutrient consumption and appearance quality deterioration of harvested passion fruit. This study provides theoretical basis for the mechanism of NAOS treatment maintaining postharvest quality of passion fruit， and offers the technical reference for developing the preservation technology based on NAOS.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1754-1762. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1754
To study the feasibility of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. fermented broth as a functional raw material for cosmetics， Lactic acid bacteria， yeast， bacillus subtilis， and mixed bacteria were used to carry out liquid fermentation of Polygonatum sibiricum Red.， respectively. The contents of polysaccharides， total saponins， total polyphenols， and total flavonoids in the Polygonatum sibiricum Red. fermentation broth were quantified by spectrophotometry. The antioxidant， anti-inflammatory， whitening and safety properties of the fermentation broth were evaluated by measuring the ability to scavenge 1，1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl （DPPH）， 2，2'- azinobis-（3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate） （ABTS）， and hydroxyl radicals， the toxicity of fementation to human immortalized keratinocytes （HaCaT） cells， the effect on the levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α） and interleukin 6 （IL-6）in HaCaT cells， and the effect on tyrosinase activity in intracellularly and extracellularly. The results indicated that the levels of polyphenols and flavonoids in the fermentation broth of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. were significantly higher than that of unfermented samples. Notably， the samples fermented with mixed bacteria exhibited the highest concents of these two types of active compounds， which increased by 33.21% and 57.94%， respectively. The scavenging capabilities of the Polygonatum sibiricum Red. fermentation broth against DPPH and ABTS free radicals were stronger than that of the unfermented Polygonatum sibiricum Red. extract. The scavenging rates of DPPH and ABTS free radicals by mixed bacteria fermentation broth were 87.65% and 72.5%， respectively. Polygonatum sibiricum Red. fermentation broth was superior to unfermented broth in terms of safety and inhibition of intracellular inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6
on HaCaT. The Polygonatum sibiricum Red. fermentation broth with mixed bacteria showed good inhibitory effect on tyrosinase， achieving the inhibition rate of 92.39% in vitro and an intracellular inhibition rate of 65.50% at a concentration of 100 mg·mL-1. In conclusion， Polygonatum sibiricum Red. fermentation broth has good antioxidant， anti-inflammatory and whitening， which provides experimental basis for its application as a functional raw material in cosmetics. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1763-1774. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1763
Marine-sourced agricultural products serve as an important part of the human diet， but seafood fraud incidents are widespread in the world. Thus， the traceability of marine-sourced agricultural products has become a key issue in the food safety field， which has attracted consumer’s concern. Stable isotope ratio analysis plays an important role in the traceability of marine-sourced agricultural products. This paper systematically reviewed the application of δ13C， δ15N， δ2H， δ18O， δ34S， 87Sr/86Sr and ɛNd on traceability of marine-sourced agricultural products， such as fish， mollusks， crustaceans and sea cucumbers in recent years. Furthermore， this paper discussed the characteristics and advantages of using different isotopes in different marine species and therefore pointed out the current challenges and the future development prospects， aiming to promote the establishment and development of a marine-sourced agricultural product traceability system.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1775-1785. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1775
In order to explore the effect of intercropping patterns of maize/soybean intercropping system， maize Denghai 605 and soybean Qihuang 34 were used as experimental materials， and four intercropping patterns were set up： 2 rows of maize/4 rows of soybean （T2∶4）， 2 rows of maize/6 rows of soybean （T2∶6）， 3 rows of maize/4 rows of soybean （T3∶4）， 3 rows of maize/6 rows of soybean （T3∶6）， and maize monoculture （CKM） and soybean monoculture （CKS） were used as control. The effects of different intercropping patterns on crop agronomic traits， photosynthetic characteristics， yield value， yield advantage index and interspecific competitiveness were measured. The results showed that ear length， ear diameter， ear row number， grain weight per ear and leaf photosynthetic indexes （Tr、Gs、Pn、Ci） at R1 and R5 stages were better than those of T3∶4 and CKM at T2∶6， T2∶4 and T3∶6， respectively. Branches， effective pods， seed number per plant and leaf photosynthetic indexes （Tr， Gs， Pn） of R2 and R6 stages were all lower than CKS， Ci
was higher than CKS， and T2∶6， T2∶4， T3∶6 models were all better than T3∶4. The total yield and output value of T2∶6， T2∶4， T3∶6 intercropping systems were higher than those of T3∶4 and CKM. Compared to CKM， the total yield was increased by 8.22%， 6.51%， 5.91%， and the total output value was increased by 39.46%， 31.55%， 31.26%， respectively. The land equivalent ratio （LER） values ranged from 1.32 to 1.51， the intercropping advantage （IA） values ranged from 3 981.41 to 5 460.26 kg·hm-2， the actual yield loss （AFL） values ranged from 0.67 to 1.60， and the relative crowding index （K） values ranged from 6.69 to 11.82， all of which had yield advantages， especially in T2∶6， T2∶4 and T3∶6 modes. Under the model of T2∶6， the soybean competition ratio （CRs） was greater than 1， the maize competition ratio （CRm） was less than 1， the maize aggressiveness （Am） was less than 0， and the soybean aggressiveness （As） was greater than 0 incdicating that the competitive ability of soybean was stronger than that of maize， and under other patterns， maize was stronger. In conclusion， the intercropping patterns not only optimize the agronomic traits of maize， but also effectively reduced the shading and shading effects of maize on soybean， improved the photosynthetic performance of crops， and then increased the total yield and output value of the intercropping system. The T2∶6 pattern was the best， followed by T2∶4 and T3∶6. This study has important theoretical guidance and practical significance for promoting maize/soybean intercropping and exploring crop yield potential in northwest Shandong Province. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1786-1796. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1786
In order to clarify the effect of waterlogging at booting stage on the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of wheat， and to screen and evaluate the relevant waterlogging tolerance indexes， 20 wheat varieties were used as materials， and non waterlogging treatment （normal irrigation） was used as a control. Waterlogging treatment was carried out continuously for 7 days during the booting stage of wheat to study the photosynthetic physiological basis of the decrease in wheat yield caused by waterlogging during the booting stage， and to screen for waterlogging tolerance indicators. Principal component analysis was conducted on 10 indicators including SPAD value， flag leaf photosynthesis related parameters， and yield， resulting in 3 principal component factors. The comprehensive evaluation value （W value） of wheat tolerance to waterlogging stress was obtained by standardizing the membership function. Cluster analysis was conducted on the tested varieties based on the W value. The results showed that the waterlogging characteristics of 20 cultivars were divided into 5 grades： Ⅰ （waterlogging tolerance type）， Ⅱ （relative waterlogging tolerance type）， Ⅲ （waterlogging intermediate type）， Ⅳ （relative waterlogging sensitive type） and Ⅴ （waterlogging sensitive type）. According to the comprehensive performance of the varieties， five wheat cultivars （Emai 596， Huaimai 44， Sulong 128， Yangmai 33 and Yangmai 15） were selected. Compared with the control （normal irrigation）， the grain yield of wheat was significantly reduced by 5.71%-38.56%， and the 1 000-grain weight and grain number per spike decreased by 5.66%-21.41% and 7.40%-14.98%， respectively. The main reason for the yield decrease was the decrease of grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight. Compared with other varieties， the yield of the waterlogging tolerance cultivars was the least reduced， and the impact of waterlogging was less severe. The net photosynthetic rate， stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of flag leaf were reduced by 10.67%-42.32%， 29.31%-62.99% and 10.55%-53.91%， respectively.For each of the five types of wheat varieties， the average values of various indicators were calculated to compare the differences among the varieties. Five indicators， namely yield， net photosynthetic rate， intercellular carbon dioxide concentration， transpiration rate and stomatal conductance， were selected as the evaluation indexes of waterlogging tolerance at booting stage. The results of this study provide a references for the screening and stable yield cultivation of waterlogging tolerance cultivars in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1797-1806. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1797
To investigate the effects of ABA on seed germination and seedling physiological characteristics of Astragalus cicer seedlings under salt stress. Astragalus cicer cv. Ganlv No.2 was used as experimental material. Under salt stress （200 mmol·L-1 NaCl）， 6 concentrations of exogenous ABA （0， 0.5， 1， 1.5， 2 and 2.5 μmol·L-1） were applied during seed germination stage and 6 concentrations of exogenous ABA （0， 5， 10， 20， 40 and 60 μmol·L-1） were applied during the seedlings stage with two different application methods （leaf and root application）. The seed germination and seedling physiological indexes were measured. The results showed that the appropriate concentration of exogenous ABA could improve the germination indexes and growth indexes of the seeds under salt stress， the 2.0 μmol·L-1 exogenous ABA had the best effect on the inhibition of A.cicer seed germination under salt stress. Compared with single salt stress， exogenous ABA treatment of 40 μmol·L-1 in leaves and 20 μmol·L-1 in roots significantly increased the contents of free proline， soluble sugar and soluble protein， inhibited the increase rate of relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content， and alleviated the damage of salt stress to cell membrane structure of seedlings. By calculating the membership function values of each index and analyzing the results， it was found that the 40 μmol·L-1 ABA had the best effect on alleviating the salt stress of A.cicer seedlings. In summary， the appropriate concentration of exogenous ABA can alleviate the damage of A.cicer seed germination and seedlings， and promote the growth of A.cicer seedlings under salt stress. The research results provide new ideas for the cultivation of A.cicer in saline alkali soil.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1807-1816. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1807
To investigate the effects of pit storage bricks on the yield， quality， and soil properties， 5-year-old fig trees （Jin’ao Fen） cultivated in facilities located in the Hotan region of Xinjiang were studied as experimental materials. The cave storage bricks， made from a combination of soil amendments and organic fertilizers， were applied to the planting holes of the trees， and their impact on photosynthetic activity， as well as soil nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium levels， and enzyme activity were evaluated. The results showed that the application of pit storage bricks significantly enhanced the maximum daily variations in stomatal conductance and leaf net photosynthetic rate. The net photosynthetic rate increased by 18.75% at 12∶00 noon and 21.75% at 4∶00 pm. Additionally， individual fruit weight and output per plant increased by 19.79% and 12.34%， respectively. The application of cave storage bricks greatly increased the soluble sugar content， sugar-acid ratio， fruit diameter， individual fruit weight， and the overall yield per plant of fruit trees， while significantly decreasing the titratable acid content. In addition， the total nitrogen content of fig leaves， as well as the total phosphorus and potassium content of stems and leaves， increased significantly. The application of cave bricks increased the total nitrogen content in the 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers， as well as the total phosphorus and total potassium content in the 0-20 cm soil layer. Notably， the alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus content in the 20-40 cm soil layer were significantly increased by 22.77% and 12.45%， respectively. In summary， the application of storage bricks can effectively enhance the yield and quality of fig production in southern Xinjiang， and promote the soil characteristics in the planting area. The results of this study provide theoritical basis for developing the theoretical framework for facility-based fig cultivation in southern Xinjiang.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1817-1828. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1817
To clarify the fertilization characteristics and fertilizer use efficiency of wheat in Xinjiang， this study conducted 42 field trials in the main wheat-growing regions of Xinjiang from 2021 to 2022. The experimental treatments included blank control （CK）， nitrogen-deficient （PK）， phosphorus-deficient （NK）， potassium-deficient （NP）， and full fertilizer （NPK）. The objective was to analyze the nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium fertilizer use efficiency， agronomic efficiency， yield response， nutrient accumulation characteristics， and the influence of soil fertility on fertilizer use efficiency under current production conditions. The results showed that the average fertilizer use efficiencies for nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium in Xinjiang’s wheat-growing areas were 40.35%， 20.43%， and 64.42%， respectively， with average agronomic efficiencies of 10.05， 11.02， and 17.30 kg·kg⁻¹. The average yield responses of wheat to nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium fertilizers were 2 242.32， 1 424.17， and 898.89 kg·hm⁻2， respectively. On average， 100 kg of wheat grain required 2.79 kg of nitrogen （N）， 0.91 kg of phosphorus （P₂O₅）， and 2.10 kg of potassium （K₂O）. The use efficiency of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers was significantly negatively correlated with soil available nitrogen content， while potassium fertilizer use efficiency was highly positively correlated with nitrogen fertilizer application. The nitrogen fertilizer application in Xinjiang’s wheat cultivation was relatively appropriate； however， excessive phosphorus fertilizer input was observed， while potassium fertilizer input seemed insufficient. In conclusion， based on the current fertilization practices and fertilizer performance， future fertilization management should reduce phosphorus fertilizer inputs while increasing potassium fertilizer inputs to further improve wheat yield and fertilizer use efficiency， thus promoting sustainable agricultural development. This study provides essential data support for scientific fertilization practices and the reduction of fertilizer usage while improving fertilizer efficiency in Xinjiang wheat cultivation.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(8): 1829-1839. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1829
Sophora alopecuroides is an important sandy medicinal plant in Northwest China， with rich endophytic fungal resources and biological activity. In order to explore the application of biological control technology in controlling the Botrytis cinerea of wine grapes， B. cinerea was used as the target to isolate and screen 4 strains of endophytic fungi with antagonistic effects from S. alopecuroides. Through the plate standoff method， the mycelial growth rate method， the two-sealed-base-plates method， optical microscopy observation， and the vitro grape berry experiment to explore the antibacterial mechanism and control effect of 4 strains of endophytic fungi from S. alopecuroide against B. cinerea. The results showed that all 4 strains of endophytic fungi from S. alopecuroide had significant inhibitory effects on B. cinerea. It was determined that the inhibitory rate of strain HG21 （Fusarium solani） on the hyphae of B. cinerea was as high as 85.19%. When the concentration of the fermentation filtrate of strain HD31 （Fusarium oxysporum） was 25%， and the inhibition rate of mycelial growth of B. cinerea was the highest at 42.46%. The volatile substances were produced after 6 days of pre-inoculation with strain BJ35 （Alternaria alternata）， and exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of B. cinerea with an inhibition rate of up to 88.01%. As affected by the inhibition of 4 strains of endophytic fungi from S. alopecuroides， the mycelial morphology of B. cinerea showed significant changes， such as swelling， breakage， desiccation， and twisting. Lastly， the vitro grape berry results demonstrated that the preventive and protective effects of 4 strains of endophytic fungi from S. alopecuroidesin vitro grape berry were generally higher than their therapeutic and bactericidal effects. Moreover， the biocontrol effect of strain BD41 （Alternaria alternata） was significantly higher than that of Trichoderma harzianum and difenoconazole. The findings suggest that the 4 strains of endophytic fungi from S. alopecuroides can effectively inhibit B. cinerea， which has provided biocontrol materials and theoretical references for the B. cinerea of wine grapes.
