10 February 2026, Volume 40 Issue 2
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 225-233. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0225
The combination of herbicide resistant varieties and corresponding herbicides is an important method to control weed damage in rice fields. Marker-assisted selection can accelerate the breeding process of herbicide resistant varieties. To rapidly improve the herbicide resistance of rice varieties， a functional marker for the herbicide resistance gene was developed and rice variety HR1 with imidazolinone herbicides resistance was utilized to improve Yanghangnuo 1 in this study. Sequence alignment showed that the 548th encoded amino acid of ALS gene in the herbicide resistant variety was mutated from tryptophan to methionine （W548M）， conferring resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. To accelerate the breeding process， a functional marker ALS1642 was developed based on the principle of tetra-primer ARMS-PCR technology according to ALS gene sequence specificity. This marker can accurately identify the genotype associated with the herbicide resistance in seedlings. Using this marker， we screened the genetic segregation population derived from the cross between Yanghangnuo 1 and HR1 for herbicide resistance gene， and obtained several new rice lines carrying the gene. The results indicate that ALS1642 can be widely applied for marker-assisted selection of the W548M mutant genotype and the development of new rice varieties resistant to imidazolinone herbicides. This study is of great significance in improving herbicide resistance of rice varieties and enhancing breeding efficiency.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 234-242. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0234
To elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of amphetamine-type alkaloids in ephedra， this study cloned a Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase （SDR） gene from the herbaceous stems of Ephedra sinica， constructed it into the pET-32a vector， and transformed it into Escherichia coli DH5α. The recombinant plasmid was then introduced into E. coli Rosetta（DE3） for induction and purification of the SDR protein. The enzymatic products of SDR were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） to verify its reductase activity. The results showed that the cloned E. sinicaSDR gene was 756 bp in length， encoding a protein of 251 amino acids with a relative molecular weight of 26.65 kDa. The protein belongs to the NADB-Rossmann superfamily， exhibits hydrophobicity， and contains no transmembrane domains. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the SDR amino acid sequence from E. sinica shared the closest evolutionary relationship with that of Cryptomeria japonica. Through the prokaryotic expression system， the recombinant protein was efficiently expressed in E. coli. GC-MS analysis demonstrated that this recombinant protein catalyzed the conversion of 3，5-bis（trifluoromethyl）acetophenone into 1-（3，5-bis（trifluoromethyl）phenyl）ethan-1-ol in vitro. This study successfully cloned and heterologously expressed the SDR gene from E. sinica and
confirmed its oxidoreductase activity. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the biosynthesis of amphetamine-type alkaloids in E. sinica and potential applications in genetic engineering. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 243-254. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0243
To explore the biological function of the GbPIN2 gene in cotton fiber development， this study analyzed its physicochemical properties， structure， and function using bioinformatics methods. The results showed that the auxin transporter encoded by the GbPIN2 gene consists of 602 amino acids， with a molecular weight of approximately 66.05 kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.92. Subcellular localization prediction indicated that the protein is localized in the cytoplasm. Its secondary structure was mainly composed of α-helices and random coils， and the tertiary structure exhibits a typical multimeric conformation. Prediction of cis-acting elements revealed that the GbPIN2 gene contained a large number of conserved motifs related to light response and auxin response. The expression pattern of the GbPIN2 gene in cotton fibers at different developmental stages was detected via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）. It was found that the expression level of GbPIN2 increased significantly and reached a peak in the middle and late stages of fiber development （20-30 d）， which was consistent with the rapid elongation stage of fiber cells. In vitro cotton ovule culture experiments verified that auxin （IAA） exerts a positive regulatory effect on the expression of the GbPIN2 gene. In addition， a plant overexpression vector of the GbPIN2 gene was constructed and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. It was observed that the number of trichomes on the stems and leaves of GbPIN2-overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana plants increased significantly， suggesting that the GbPIN2 gene plays an important role in regulating auxin polar transport and plant growth and development. In conclusion， this study provides a new perspective for in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying cotton fiber development， offers a potential target for improving cotton fiber quality through genetic engineering， and thus lays an important theoretical foundation for cotton genetic breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 255-267. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0255
Auxin/ indole acetic acid （Aux/IAA） genes is an early auxin responsive gene family， plays an important role in plant resistance to low temperature stress during growth and development. To explore the phylogeny and expression pattern of the BraIAA gene family in winter rapeseed， the whole genome identification and expression analysis were carried out， including gene structure， evolutionary relationship， chromosome distribution， conserved domain and physical and chemical properties. The expression characteristics of different genes across various varieties under different low temperature treatments were analyzed by fluorescence quantitative technique. The results reveald 62 IAA gene family members （BraIAA） in winter rapeseed genome. Phylogenetic tree classified them into five subfamilies， with uneven distribution across 10 chromosomes. Conserved domain analysis showed that these genes were short in length and lack introns. Synteny analysis demonstrated collinearity between BraIAA genes and their counterparts on five Arabidopsis thaliana chromosomes， while the distribution of cis-acting elements was diverse. Subcellular localization prediction showed that most of the genes were localized in the nucleus， while a few were localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. Quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） analysis showed that Bra032521.1 and Bra030419.1 exhibited significant upregulation in both varieties under low temperature stress， while Bra040122.1 displayed a transient increase followed by decline in both varieties. The expression levels of Bra011082.1， Bra030219.1 and Bra040398.1decreased after treatment， while Bra022164.1 and Bra005508.1 showed opposite expression trends between two varieties. It can be inferred that Bra032521.1 and Bra030419.1 may play a positive regulatory role in low temperature stress response of winter rapeseed. This study provides a reference for exploring the function and regulation mechanism of the BraIAA gene family in winter rapeseed under low temperature stress.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 268-278. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0268
To obtain saline-alkali tolerant bacterial strains with plant growth-promoting properties， an endophytic strain NXO3 was isolated from the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa through selective culture screening in this study. The bacterial strain showed phosphorus solubilization， nitrogen fixation， indole acetic acid （IAA） production， and polyglutamic acid synthesis， as well as significant antagonistic activity against various plant pathogens. The strain was further identified as Bacillus subtilis NXO3 using morphological observation， physiological and biochemical characteristics analysis， and molecular biology methods. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to predict and analyse the NXO3 genes and gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of stress-resistant plant growth-promoting metabolites like tryptophan， IAA， and glycine betaine. The analysis identified genes related to salt tolerance， including those encoding Na+/H+ antiporter and K+-Cl- cotransport proteins. Under 0.24% sodium bicarbonate alkaline stress conditions， treatment with 20% fermentation broth of the strain NXO3 for 72 h significantly enhanced the germination rate of wheat seeds to 86.67% and cucumber seeds to 85.00%， with both outcomes showing significant improvements compared to the control groups （P<0.05）. Furthermore， stain NXO3 was formulated into an agricultural microbial inoculant， when applied to mildly saline-alkali coastal sandy soil （salt content 0.1%-0.3%） at 750 kg·hm-2， the inoculant significantly improved peanut germination rate to 83.15% and increased yield to 2 381.40 kg·hm-2 compared to the control group （P<0.05）. While in light to moderate saline-alkali soil （salinity content 0.1%-0.5%）， application of 1 200 kg·hm-2 of NXO3 resulted in a yield of 5 785.65 kg·hm-2， showing significant difference from the control group （P<0.05）. The field experiments showed this agricultural microbial inoculant can improve the emergence rate and yield of peanuts in saline-alkali soil. This study provides a scientific foundation for developping agricultural microbial agents based on B. subtilis stain NXO3 for saline-alkali soil remediation， thereby enhancing agricultural productivity and promoting ecological sustainability in such soils.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 279-289. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0279
To explore the potential mechanism of Polygonatum Rhizome in intervening Type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus （T2DM）， network pharmacology and cell experiments were conducted to screen its active components and corresponding targets using TCMSP database， while T2DM related targets were curated from Genecards and Omim databases. Venny tools were utilized to identify the common targets between Polygonatum Rhizome and T2DM. The David database was employed to perform Gene Ontology（GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis on these shared targets. Cytoscape software was then utilized to construct an “active component- target- pathway” interaction network. An insulin-resistant HepG2 （IR-HepG2） cell model was established to assess the impacts of active components extracted from Polygonatum rhizome on cellular glucose consumption， uptake， and the expression of key targets. The results indicated that 13 active components identified from Polygonatum Rhizome， including baicalein and diosgenin， were were associated with 67 common targets such as protein kinase B（AKT1）， tumor protein P53（TP53）， mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK）. These targets were enriched in 154 signaling pathways， including the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase B （PI3K/AKT） pathway and the advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products （AGE-RAGE） pathway， both critically implicated in diabetes pathogenesis. The main active components of Polygonatum Rhizome were found to enhance glucose consumption and uptake in IR-HepG2 cells to varying degrees and upregulate the expression of AKT1 and PI3K. In conclusion， components such as baicalein and diosgenin may intervene in T2DM by targeting AKT1 and PI3K， thereby regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The study provides a scientific foundation for developing Polygonatum Rhizome as a medicinal and edible health product aimed at type Ⅱ diabetes prevention.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 290-302. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0290
To investigate the protective effects of Bupleurum chinense leaf extract （BCLE） against acetaminophen （APAP）-induced hepatotoxicity， this study employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS）， network pharmacology， molecular docking， and murine models to elucidate BCLE’s therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanism. Network pharmacology analysis identified 19 bioactive compounds in BCLE and revealed 244 shared targets between BCLE and drug-induced liver injury （DILI）， with 44 core targets highly enriched in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）， protein kinase B （AKT） signaling pathway. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinities between BCLE’s active components and key nodes within the PI3K-AKT pathway.In vivo experiments demonstrated that BCLE significantly attenuated APAP-induced liver injury by reducing serum levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， alleviating hepatocellular necrosis， and decreasing hepatic accumulation of the toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine （NAPQI）. BCLE treatment also enhanced antioxidant capacity， as evidenced by elevated glutathione （GSH） content and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity， alongside reduced malondialdehyde （MDA） and hydrogen peroxide （H₂O₂） levels. Mechanistically， BCLE upregulated the expression of phosphorylated PI3K （p-PI3K） and phosphorylated AKT （p-AKT） in APAP-damaged livers， indicating activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Integrated findings suggest that BCLE mitigates APAP hepatotoxicity by modulating oxidative stress， enhancing cellular antioxidant defenses， and activating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to promote hepatocyte survival. This study provides critical theoretical and experimental evidence for leveraging Bupleurum chinense in developing novel therapeutics against APAP-induced liver injury.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 303-312. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0303
To evaluate the effects of high-energy electron beam irradiation on the quality attributes of two Tibetan medicinal materials （Gossampini flos and Myristicae semen）， samples were irradiated at doses of 0， 2， 4， 6， 8， and 10 kGy. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to assess changes in microbial load， chromatic characteristics， contents of principal bioactive constituents， and high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprint profiles before and after irradiation. The results indicated that irradiation at 2 kGy significantly reduced microbial counts compared to the non-irradiated control. Specifically， the total aerobic bacterial count， as well as mold and yeast counts， in G. flos were reduced to 175 and 20 CFU·g-1， respectively. In M. semen， the corresponding values were 210 and 20 CFU·g-1. At doses ≥2 kGy， both materials complied with the microbial limit standards stipulated in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China （2020 edition）， Volume IV. Compared to before irradiation， no significant changes were observed in the color characteristics of the G. flos powder after irradiation. However， the color characteristics of the M. semen powder showed significant changes at a dose of 6 kGy. At irradiation doses of 6-10 kGy， the content of the main active ingredients in the G. flos significantly increased， while the content of the main active ingredients in the M. semen showed no significant change. The HPLC fingerprint of the G. flos at different doses showed a similarity of over 0.970 compared to the non-irradiated group， indicating that electron beam irradiation affected the consistency of the flower’s composition. In contrast， the similarity of the M. semen fingerprint decreased to 0.880 at 6 kGy and 0.809 at 8 kGy， suggesting that irradiation doses of 6-8 kGy impact the consistency of the M. semen composition. In conclusion， the minimum effective irradiation dose for both G. flos and M. semen was established at 2 kGy. The maximum tolerated dose was determined to be 10 kGy for G. flos and 6 kGy for M. semen. These findings support the feasibility of electron beam irradiation as a sterilization method for these materials and offer a scientific basis for the development of irradiation-based quality control standards for Tibetan medicinal powders.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 313-321. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0313
To precisely control and improve the quality of flour， this study used sandy wheat flour from the 1B and 2B （first and second grinding procedures in wheat flour processing） grinding systems as raw materials， with five flour samples of different particle sizes were prepared by increasing the number of grinding cycles using a laboratory mill. The particle size distribution， dough water status during mixing， rheological properties of the dough， and textural qualities of fresh noodles were analyzed using laser particle size analyzer， farinograph， low-field nuclear magnetic resonance （LF-NMR）， dynamic rheometer， and texture analyzer. The results demonstrated that with increased of grinding cycles， flour particle size decreased， moisture content decreased， damaged starch content increased， and water absorption capacity improved， while protein content between groups remained stable. When the volume median diameter （D50） ranged from 66.5 to 70.74 μm， the flour exhibited better farinograph characteristics， the dough’s viscoelastic modulus was higher than those of other groups， and the noodles had lower cooking loss and better texture properties. These findings indicated that flour particle size had larger effect on both dough properties and noodle qualities， as an appropriate particle size could enhance water absorption and retention in the dough， thereby improving the overall qualities of fresh noodles. These findings can provide theoretical support for the development and quality improvement of fresh noodle-specific flour products.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 322-333. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0322
To investigate the optimal process parameters for enzyme-salt combined tenderization of fresh beef hind legs， this study evaluated tenderization effectiveness using shear force， water-holding capacity， cooking loss rate， myofibril fragmentation index （MFI）， and hardness as indicators. The entropy-weighted technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS） were employed to comprehensively evaluate multiple indicators and screen the optimal tenderization solution combination. Subsequently， using shear force as the key indicator， and based on single-factor experiments results， the genetic algorithm-backpropagation neural network （GA-BPNN） and response surface methodology were employed to optimize the main process parameters for beef tenderization， including tenderization time， temperature， and solution concentration. The effects of these factors on the sensory score of cooked beef were also investigated. The results demonstrated that the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method identified bromelain-papain-sodium tripolyphosphate （BRO-PAP-STPP） as the optimal tenderization solution， exhibited significantly higher MFI and water-holding capacity than other groups （P<0.05）， with the highest comprehensive evaluation index （Ci=0.944 2）. Compared to response surface methodology， the GA-BPNN demonstrated superior global optimization capabilities， yielding predicted values closer to response experimental measurements， resulting in optimized parameters： tenderization time of 64 min， temperature of 51 ℃， and solution concentration of 7.8 mg·mL-1. The optimized process parameters significantly enhanced beef tenderness while maintaining favorable sensory quality. This study provides critical data support for developing tenderization solutions and optimizing industrial-scale beef tenderization processes.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 334-343. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0334
To investigate the volatile flavor characteristics and quality change rules of braised pork intestines during pre-processing， electronic nose， electronic tongue， texture， color and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （HS-SPME-GC-MS） techniques were utilized for qualitative and quantitative analyses in this study. A total of 36 volatile compounds were identified during the processing of braised pork intestines， among which propionaldehyde， 1-octen-3-ol， ethyl acetate， ethyl maltol， indole， and eugenol had an odor activity value （OAV）>1， and ethyl maltol， eugenol， and aniseed brain had a variable importance in projection （VIP）>1， indicating that these flavor compounds are essential for the flavor formation of fat sausage. Further analysis revealed that indoles are characteristic volatile compounds in braised pork intestines， generated through the metabolic transformation of amino acids present in the fat intestines. These compounds play a crucial role in shaping the unique flavor profile of the product. However， when present in excessive amounts， they can negatively impact the organoleptic quality. Compared with the braised samples， the total content of volatile compounds in pork intestines subjected to flash freezing at -35 ℃ increased to 1 080.98 μg·kg⁻¹， with a significant rise in indole levels. This led to a diminished meaty aroma， an increase in off-flavors （such as the fecal-like odor associated with indoles and rancid notes from lipid oxidation）， and a reduction in the elasticity and textural responsiveness of the final product. This study not only elucidates the mechanisms underlying flavor development during the processing of braised pork intestines but also provides a solid theoretical foundation and practical guidance for quality control in industrial production. By precisely regulating process parameters， it offers the potential to effectively enhance sensory attributes and better meet consumer expectations.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 344-355. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0344
To investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertiliser reduction levels with microbial agents on the aboveground dry matter accumulation and grain yield of maize， a two-year field experiment （2023—2024） was conducted in Yongning， Ningxia. The experiment included a control （CK） with no chemical fertiliser and microbial agents and four treatments： local traditional nitrogen application rate （F0）， 15% nitrogen reduction + microbial agent （F1）， 30% nitrogen reduction + microbial agent （F2）， and 45% nitrogen reduction + microbial agent （F3）. The study explored the impacts of nitrogen reduction with microbial agents on the aboveground dry matter accumulation and transport characteristics， grain yield and its related factors， as well as economic benefits. The results showed that after the jointing stage， compared to F0， the F2 advanced the time of maximum dry matter accumulation rate by 2.562 days and increased the maximum rate by 10.607%. Compared to F0， F2 significantly increased the total dry matter accumulation （by 15.55%）， pre-anthesis dry matter accumulation rate， pre-anthesis dry matter contribution rate to grains， dry matter transport quantity， and transport rate， while improving maize ear length， ear thickness， and tip of the ear， which were factors related to yield. Correlation and principal component analysis indicated that grain yield was most closely related to pre-anthesis dry matter accumulation. Grain yield showed a significant positive correlation with grain weight， dry matter accumulation， and transport quantity， but a highly significant negative correlation with post-anthesis dry matter accumulation rate and its contribution rate to grains. Compared to CK， the total net income of F1 and F2 increased by 45.67% and 47.02%， respectively， and F2 consistently showed significantly higher net income than other treatments over the two years. In conclusion， under traditional fertilization conditions in the Yellow River Irrigation District of Ningxia， reducing nitrogen application by 30% combined with microbial agents can effectively promote dry matter accumulation and translocation， improve yield traits， and enhance economic benefits. This study provides theoretical references for efficient and rational maize cultivation in the Yellow River Irrigation District of Ningxia.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 356-364. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0356
To enhance nitrogen （N） fertilizer efficiency for year-round single-bud harvesting in Qianmei 601 tea gardens， a micro-plot experiment utilizing the 15N isotopic tracer technique was implemented. This study assessed the effects of different N split-application patterns on new shoot yield， N accumulation， and characteristics of 15N-labeled fertilizer absorption and utilization. Results demonstrated that the ‘one basal and one topdressing’ （1B1T） pattern achieved the highest new shoot yield and N accumulation. The ‘one basal and three topdressings’ （1B3T） pattern exhibited a higher cumulative 15N fertilizer recovery efficiency than the 1B1T and ‘one topdressing’ （1T） patterns， primarily due to enhanced uptake of autumn-applied 15N topdressing in the subsequent spring tea season. However， the ‘added nitrogen interaction’ （ANI） effect modified the preferential uptake of soil-derived N versus fertilizer-derived N in new shoot. Consequently， the 1B1T pattern achieved higher total nitrogen accumulation despite its lower cumulative 15N fertilizer absorption compared to the 1B3T pattern. The peak absorption period for 15N-fertilizer by Qianmei 601 new shoot occurred over a long interval （78 to 274 days） from the corresponding fertilization date， or even spanned an entire tea season. Correspondingly， the nitrogen fertilizer applied to the tea garden requires a sufficiently long period， or even a full tea season， to exhibit a significant effect on new shoot yield and nitrogen accumulation. In conclusion， the 1B1T pattern is the optimal N split application strategy for maximizing new shoot yield and N accumulation under the single-bud harvesting system for Qianmei 601. These findings provide a scientific basis for improving N use efficiency in local Guizhou tea cultivars and contribute to refining the theoretical framework of N supply dynamics in tea gardens.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 365-377. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0365
To identify suitable plant growth regulators and spraying concentration for field application in sugar beets， this study used the sugar beet variety KWS9147 as the research subject. Four different types of plant growth regulators （mepiquat chloride， cycocel， uniconazole and ethephon） were sprayed on the seedling leaves and leaf clusters rapid growth period of KWS9147. Each plant growth regulator was treated with three dosage gradients of low， medium and high （450， 900， 1 800 g·hm-2）. The results showed that spraying of mepiquat chloride and Uniconazole could increase the sugar content of sugar beets by affecting the soluble sugar content. Leaf area index， photosynthetic pigment content， net photosynthetic rate， stomatal conductance， and transpiration rate of sugar beets were improved by spraying of cycocel compared to CK. Ethephon could significantly reduce the height of sugar beets， promote root penetration， thereby increasing the accumulation of dry matter in the underground part of sugar beets and improving the root to shoot ratio. Spraying plant growth regulators could increase sugar beet yield and sugar production to varying degrees. Sugar beet yield and sugar production increased by 16.16% and 12.66%， when the concentration of cycocel was 900 g·hm-2. In summary， spraying plant growth regulators improved the phenotypic traits of sugar beets， promoted the transfer of sugar beet growth centers to root tubers， enhanced the photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen sugar metabolism related enzyme activities of sugar beets， and thereby increased the yield and sugar production of sugar beets. Cycocel （900 g·hm-2） had the best effect on improving sugar beet yield and sugar production. These findings provide a theoretical basis for improving the cultivation techniques of sugar beet in Xinjiang.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 378-393. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0378
To clarify the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer and choline chloride application rates on sweet potato growth and root tuber dietary fiber accumulation. This study utilized the early-maturing variety Longshu No.9 and the mid-late maturing variety Qinshu No.5 as experimental materials. A split-plot field experiment design was adopted， with treatments including different diammonium phosphate application rates： control （P2O5 0 kg·hm-2）， low phosphorus level （P2O5 150 kg·hm-²）， medium phosphorus level （P2O5 225 kg·hm-²）， and high phosphorus level （P2O5 300 kg·hm-²）， and different choline chloride traetments： control （0 mg·L-¹）， low choline chloride concentration （100 mg·L-1）， medium choline chloride concentration （300 mg·L-1）， and high choline chloride concentration （500 mg·L-1）. The study investigated the effects of different fertilization combinations on plant traits， dietary fiber content， and key enzyme activities of different sweet potato varieties. The results showed that， compared with the control， low and medium levels of phosphorus and choline chloride promoted sweet potato growth and metabolism. The low phosphorus level significantly increased the content of pectin， cellulose in Longshu No.9， and pemicellulose in Qinshu No.5， the medium phosphorus level significantly increased the content of pemicellulose and lignin in Longshu No.9， and pectin， cellulose， and lignin in Qinshu No.5. Low level choline chloride concentration significantly increased the cellulose content of both varieties， while medium level choline chloride concentration significantly increased the pectin， pemicellulose， and lignin content of both varieties. In summary， the combinations of low and medium levels of phosphorus fertilizer and choline chloride concentrations can improve sweet potato growth morphology and promote the accumulation of dietary fiber in storage roots. The findings of this study provide a reference for the scientific management of phosphorus fertilizer and choline chloride in sweet potato cultivation for different purposes.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 394-403. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0394
To elucidate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on N2O and CH4 emissions from croplands in China， a meta-analysis was conducted focusing on major grain-producing regions （wheat， maize， and rice）. The study compared the impacts of various climatic conditions， soil basic physicochemical properties， and nitrogen fertilizer management practices on soil N2O and CH4 emissions， global warming potential （GWP）， and greenhouse gas intensity （GHGI） after nitrogen fertilizer application. The results indicated that the warm temperate climate zone exhibited the highest increases in cumulative N2O emissions， GWP， and GHGI after nitrogen application. Mean annual temperature significantly influenced cumulative N2O emissions and GWP， while annual precipitation and sunshine hours had greater effects on cumulative CH4 emissions and GHGI， respectively. Cumulative N2O emissions were higher when soil total nitrogen content ranged from 0.9 to 1.5 g·kg-1， whereas cumulative CH4 emissions were higher when soil total nitrogen exceeded 1.5 g·kg-1. Cumulative N2O and CH4 emissions， GWP， and GHGI were all higher when soil organic matter content was between 15 and 30 g·kg-1. Increasing soil pH promoted greenhouse gas emissions. Nitrogen application rate had a significant （P<0.05） positive effect on cumulative N2O emissions. Split application of nitrogen fertilizer （base + topdressing） was more effective in reducing emissions compared to a single basal application. The combined application of nitrogen fertilizer with biochar resulted in lower increases in GWP and GHGI compared to straw return and organic fertilizer treatments. Slow-release nitrogen fertilizers produced fewer greenhouse gases than conventional fertilizers. In conclusion， optimizing nitrogen management by adopting split application （base <topdressing， base-to-topdressing ratio of 5∶5 to 0∶10）， using slow-release nitrogen fertilizers， or combining nitrogen with biochar can effectively reduce soil greenhouse gas emissions and lower emission intensity compared to conventional nitrogen fertilizer practices in major grain-producing regions of China. The results of this study are of great significance for the scientific application of nitrogen fertilizers and greenhouse gas mitigation in Chinese croplands.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 404-412. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0404
To promote the application and extension of excellent grape varieties in production， this study used five-year-old Wuhe Cuibao grapes grown in a greenhouse as experiment variety. Plant growth regulators were applied in combination during the fruit retention stage （T1 treatment： 2 days after full bloom， 10 mg·L-1 GA3 + 0.5 mg·L-1 CPPU） and the fruit enlargement stage （T2 treatment： 15 days after bloom， 15 mg·L-1 GA3 + 0.5 mg·L-1 CPPU）. A conventional cultivation method was used as the control. The appearance， quality， and sensory indicators of the fruit were measured and analyzed at fruit maturity. The results showed that both the fruit retention and fruit enlargement treatments increased berry and cluster weight， and improved appearance quality. However， these treatments also led to a decrease in soluble solids content and the soluble solids/acid ratio， with a significant increase in skin roughness and astringency. Comprehensive analysis indicated that the fruit retention treatment alone achieved the best overall quality. Under this treatment， the soluble solids content and total acid content were 21.20% and 0.54%， respectively， while the cluster and berry weights reached 553.97 g and 5.02 g， representing increases of 88.08% and 28.72%， respectively， compared to the control. Under the greenhouse cultivation in the Xinjiang production area， applying 10 mg·L-1 GA3 + 0.5 mg·L-1 CPPU for fruit retention 2 days after full bloom has effectively improved the appearance quality of grape clusters while having had minimal impact on internal quality and taste， thus making it suitable for production applications. The conclusions of this study provide technical references for the cultivation management of Wuhe Cuibao grapes.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 413-422. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0413
To improve the accuracy of wheat yield estimation， this study employed 270 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from the ZM 578/JM 22 population. Canopy multispectral data collected at seven key growth stages were used to construct yield prediction models based on seven machine learning algorithms. The results show that， compared to normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI）， the proposed overall differential response vegetation index （ODRVI） demonstrated stronger yield correlations during the flag leaf， early grain-filling， late grain-filling， and wax-ripening stages. 13 vegetation indices and 4 multispectral bands at the flag leaf， flowering， early grain-filling， and middle grain-filling stages exhibited significant correlations with yield （|r|≥0.53）. The early grain-filling and middle grain-filling stages were identified as the optimal periods for single-time series yield prediction， with R² values ranging from 0.53 to 0.63. The R² threshold range for deep learning models （0.69~0.72） was lower than that of other machine learning models （0.66~0.74）， demonstrating more stable fitting performance. By incorporating stratified sampling cross-validation， the R² of the predictive models improved by 2.85%-7.91%. The ridge regression model based on multi-temporal stratified sampling exhibited the highest predictive accuracy ［R²=0.74， root mean square error （RMSE）=0.51 t·hm-²， mean absolute error （MAE）=0.41 t·hm⁻²］. This study improves the accuracy of wheat yield prediction models through optimized machine learning algorithms， providing technical support for precision management in crop production.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2026, 40(2): 423-431. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2026.02.0423
In order to clarify the underlying mechanisms of different sensitivities to mesosulfuron-methyl among different Aegilops cylindrica populations， the whole-plant bioassay was conducted to assess the sensitivities of ten A. cylindrica populations collected from four provinces （municipalities） of China to mesosulfuron-methyl in this study. The results indicated that different A. cylindrica populations exhibited different sensitivity levels to mesosulfuron-methyl （GR50 values ranging from 3.84 to 10.87 g a.i.·hm-2）. HB-1 population exhibited the highest sensitivity （GR50 = 3.84 g a.i.·hm-2）， while HB-2 population showed less sensitivity to mesosulfuron-methyl （GR50 = 10.87 g a.i.·hm-2）. Sequence alignment of ALS genes revealed that the ALS gene sequences of HB-1 and HB-2 were completely identical， with no amino acid deletion， insertion， or mutation at the nine sites known to be associated with resistance. The in vitro acetolactate synthetase （ALS） activity test showed no significant difference in sensitivity to mesosulfuron-methyl between HB-1 and HB-2 populations， with the I50 values of 0.174 and 0.166 μmol·L-1， respectively. The results of ALS gene expression analysis showed that ALS gene expression level in HB-2 was significantly higher than that in HB-1 after mesosulfuron-methyl treatment. Specifically， at 7 days after mesosulfuron-methyl treatment， the absolute and relative expression levels of ALS gene in HB-2 were 8.62 and 10.28 times higher than those in HB-1 population， respectively. The above results indicated that varied transcription level of ALS gene was one of the main reasons for sensitivity differences to mesosulfuron-methyl among different A. cylindrica populations. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the regional control strategies against A. cylindrica in China.
