10 November 2025, Volume 39 Issue 11
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2321-2331. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2321
In order to explore the radiation mutagenesis effects of 60Co-γ ray on Xanthoceras sorbifolium， six Xanthoceras sorbifolium superior line seeds were irradiated with different doses （0-750 Gy） of 60Co-γ ray. The effects of radiation on seed germination， seedling growth， and physiological and biochemical indexes were investigated. The results showed that within a certain radiation dose range， 60Co-γ ray radiation treatment promoted the germination， seedling emergence and growth of Xanthoceras sorbifolium seeds， while these three indexes were gradually declined as the radiation dose increased. After radiation treatment， the seedlings showed morphological variations in traits such as leaf shape， number of leaflets， and leaf color. Compared to the control， the variation rate under 150-450 Gy radiation dose treatment was higher and the variation types were more abundant. The antioxidant enzyme activity， malondialdehyde （MDA） and soluble protein content in the leaves showed a trend of first rising and then falling with increasing radiation dose， while the chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content showed a downward trend. 60Co-γ ray radiation demonstrated obvious mutagenic effects on Xanthoceras sorbifolium seeds， with the optimal dose range preliminarily established at 301.10 and 594.96 Gy. These results provide a technical reference for mutation breeding and creating new germplasm of Xanthoceras sorbifolium.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2332-2341. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2332
In order to elucidate the molecular mechanism of leaf posture and leaf angle formation in wheat， the phenotypic and agronomic traits of lam1， an erect leaf posture mutant obtained by EMS mutation， were characterized， cellular section observation and transcriptome sequencing analysis were peformed. The results showed that， compared to the wild-type （WT）， lam1 exhibited no significant changes in plant height and panicle type， while flag leaf posture shifted from drooping to erect， accompanied with a significantly reduced leaf angle. The flag leaf length of lam1 was shortened， while leaf width slightly increased. And the grain length and 1000-grain weight were significantly lower than those of the WT. While photosynthetic parameters were largely unchanged， but chlorophyll content was significantly decreased. Semi-thin section observations revealed that the erect leaf posture of lam1 was primarily due to reduced cell division in the adaxial parenchyma of the pulvinus， leading to a shortened total length from the epidermis to the central vascular bundle. Additionally， increased number of sclerenchyma cells on the abaxial side contributed to enhanced mechanical support for the leaf. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were mainly enriched in pathways related to phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling， phenylpropanoid metabolism， secondary cell wall formation， starch and sucrose synthesis. Specifically， we identified 8 auxin biosynthesis and metabolism-related genes， 3 auxin-responsive MYB transcription factors （TFs）， 6 jasmonate-related genes， 12 lignin biosynthesis genes， 4 bHLH
TFs， and 1 NAC TF. Notably， auxin-related DEGs were the most abundant， while bHLH TFs showed the highest fold changes. These genes may affect cell proliferation and wall thickening in the pulvinus， playing crucial roles in regulating wheat pulvinus development and leaf angle formation. This study provides new insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of leaf posture and angle in wheat. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2342-2350. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2342
To investigate the function of cellulase and its key encoding genes in the pathogenic process of Setosphaeria turcica， the cellulase gene StCEL1 was cloned from the isolate YD001 and subjected to bioinformatic analysis. The recombinant plasmid pPIC9K/StCEL1 was constructed and successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. Subsequently， enzymatic properties and pathogenicity of the recombinant protein were analyzed. The results showed that the StCEL1 gene was 1 308 bp in length， contained one intron， and encoded a 410-amino-acid protein with a molecular weight of 44.07 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.19. The protein was hydrophilic， had a signal peptide， and lacked transmembrane structures. Domain and secondary structure analysis revealed that the StCEL1 protein contained a distinct conserved domain， belonged to the glycoside hydrolase 7-cellobiohydrolase-endoglucosidase superfamily， and exhibited the highest content of random coils in its secondary structure. The expression of StCEL1 in Pichia pastoris produced a recombinant protein with a molecular weight of approximately 66 kDa. Optimal expression conditions involved induction with 1.0% methanol for 96 h. The enzyme exhibited maximal activity at 55 ℃， pH 4.0， and a reaction duration of 30 min. Maize seedlings inoculated with this protein developed distinct disease lesions， suggesting that StCEL1 gene might contribute to the pathogenicity of S. turcica. These results provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the pathogenic mechanisms of StCEL1 protein.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2351-2360. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2351
The TIFY gene family is a group of plant-specific transcriptional regulators widely involved in various biological processes including growth and development， hormone signaling， and stress responses. Within this family， the JAZ subfamily plays a crucial role in the jasmonic acid （JA） signaling pathway. To gain a deeper understanding of the evolutionary patterns and functions of the TIFY family in tartary buckwheat （Fagopyrum tataricum）， this study integrated whole-genome information and systematically identified 17 TIFY members. Phylogenetic analysis， conserved domain identification， cis-acting element prediction， chromosomal localization， and collinearity analysis revealed the diversity and conservation of TIFY members in terms of subfamily distribution， structural characteristics， and regulatory elements. Through genome-wide association study （GWAS）， FtJAZ8 was identified to be significantly associated with resistance to R. solani. An over-expression vector of FtJAZ8 was constructed and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana and tartary buckwheat hairy roots. In vitro inoculation assays and physiological measurements were conducted. The results showed that FtJAZ8-OE plants exhibited lower disease indices and malondialdehyde （MDA） contents under R. solani infection. In addition， DAB staining and the upregulation of the pathogenesis-related gene PR1 in leaves further confirmed enhanced defense capacity. Over-expression of FtJAZ8 in the hairy root system also significantly alleviated pathogen-induced cell damage， further validating its key role in regulating plant disease resistance. This study not only established a systematic framework for the TIFY gene family in tartary buckwheat and clarified the functional mechanism of FtJAZ8， but also provided theoretical basis and candidate gene resources for molecular breeding of disease-resistant buckwheat varieties.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2361-2373. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2361
Allene oxide cyclase （AOC）， a key enzyme in jasmonic acid biosynthesis， regulates plant growth， development， and stress responses. In order to preliminarily identify and analyze the function and expression pattern of AOC gene family in the genome of A. villosum， in this study， three candidate AvAOC genes were identified from A. villosum. Their functions were characterized using bio-informatics approaches and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and their tissue-specific expression patterns were analyzed. Results revealed that A. villosum harbors three AOC candidate genes. The candidate AvAOC proteins are unstable， hydrophilic， and non-secretory， sharing conserved motifs. AvAOC1 and AvAOC3 were predicted to localize in chloroplasts. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the three candidate AvAOC genes clustered into a clade with those orthologs of monocotyledonous plants Zea mays and Oryza sativa. The genes were unevenly distributed across different chromosomal regions. Heterologous expression of the three candidate AvAOC genes in Pichia pastoris was performed， and ELISA confirmed that the recombinant proteins could bind to purified plant AOC antibodies. The quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） analysis confirmed the transient expression of the three candidate AvAOC genes in tobacco. These findings indicate that the three candidate AvAOC genes belong to the
AOC gene family. RNA-seq expression profiling revealed that the three AvAOC genes were expressed in various tissues of A. villosum， including leaves， stolons， pericarps， seed clusters， and flowers. Notably， AvAOC2 expression was strongly induced in leaves upon infection by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. This study provides a foundation for further exploration of AOC gene functions in A. villosum. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2374-2387. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2374
Chloride Channel （CLC） protein family represents an important group of channels and transport proteins that mediate the transmembrane anion transport， with particular specificity for chloride ions （Cl-）. Extensive studies have demonstrated the essential role of CLCs in plant responses to various abiotic stresses， notably high salinity and drought. To explore the function of the CLC gene family in Moso bamboo （Phyllostachys edulis）， we identified and analyzed the members of the CLC gene family in Moso bamboo through bioinformatics analysis， and examined the expression of CLC genes under hypersaline and drought stress using RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR technologies. The results indicate that 18 CLC genes were identified in the Moso genome. These genes encode proteins ranging from 455 to 1 440 amino acids （aa） in length， with corresponding molecular weights of 49 358.04 to 157 276.61 Daltons （Da） and theoretical isoelectric points （pI） between 6.40 and 8.85. Phylogenetic analysis classified the 18 PeCLCs into 2 subclasses and 6 subfamilies， with genes within the same subfamily sharing conserved gene structures. Furthermore， collinearity analysis revealed 9 collinear gene pairs within the CLC gene family in Moso bamboo， all exhibiting Ka/Ks less than 1. Promoter cis-element analysis indicated that the promoter sequences of PeCLCs harbor diverse stress- and hormone-responsive regulative elements. Transcriptome profiling revealed tissue- and developmental stage-specific expression patterns of PeCLC genes， with pronounced enrichment in the rhizome system and bamboo shoots across multiple developmental stages. This indicates that PeCLCs play an important role in Cl- homeostasis maintenance in the rhizome system and during the rapid growth of bamboo shoots. qRT-PCR results demonstrated that the majority of PeCLCs were induced under high salinity and drought stress conditions， supporting their involvement in response to these abiotic stresses. The results of this study establish a foundational framework and provide genetic resources for further functional studies of CLCs in Moso bamboo.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2388-2397. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2388
Given that kiwifruit is a dioecious species， the selection and breeding of male varieties are crucial for advancing the kiwifruit industry. To develop superior male kiwifruit cultivars and investigate the genetic variation in hybrid offspring， this study used male plants derived from crosses between Actinidia chinensis Jinli and Moshan No.4. Comprehensive analysis of floral traits， pollen morphology， and pollen viability in the male hybrid progeny was conducted to evaluate their diversity and potential as effective pollinators in kiwifruit production. The results revealed substantial phenotypic variation among the hybrid male offspring. The coefficient of variation for petal characteristics was relatively low， whereas other traits such as anther count， flower bud count， tissue proportion， pollen integrity rate， and pollen germination rate exhibited greater variability. Although uniform morphology of normal pollen grains across strains， significant differences in pollen distortion rates were observed. A significant positive correlation was observed between pollen-integrity and pollen-germination rates. Among the evaluated hybrid strains， strain 1 and strain 4 were identified as the most promising candidates for breeding high-quality male kiwifruit varieties. The findings provide valuable insights to support hybrid breeding programs aimed at developing elite male kiwifruit varieties.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2398-2406. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2398
Adiponectin plays a crucial role in regulating key metabolic processes such as energy balance， lipid metabolism， and glucose metabolism. To explore the expression and distribution of adiponectin， its receptors， and lactate transport-related proteins in yak testis across lactation， juvenile， adult， and aged stages， and their effects on testicular development， techniques such as quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR）， Western blotting， and immunohistochemical staining were employed. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the transcriptional level of APN mRNA gradually increased with the age of yaks. APNR1 mRNA peaked in the aged yaks（P<0.01）. APNR2 mRNA showed significantly higher expression in juvenile and aged than in lactation and adult yaks （P<0.01）. MCT1 mRNA transcription was significantly higher in adult and aged than in lactation and juvenile yaks （P<0.01）， whileMCT2 mRNA levels was significantly higher in juvenile and aged than in lactation and adult yaks （P<0.01）. The results of western blotting demonstrated that the protein expression level of APN was significantly higher in adult and aged yaks than in the lactation and juvenile yaks （P<0.01）. The protein level of APNR1 in aged yaks was the highest （P<0.01）. APNR2 was significantly higher in juvenile and aged than in lactation and adult yaks （P<0.01）. The protein expression level of MCT1 gradually increased with the age of yaks， and the protein expression level of MCT2 was significantly higher in juvenile and aged than in lactation and adult yaks （P<0.01）. The expression trends of adiponectin， its receptor proteins， and lactate transport-related proteins were basically consistent with those of their corresponding mRNAs.I Immunohistochemical analysis showed that APN， APNR1， APNR2， MCT1， and MCT2 were predominantly distributed in Sertoli cells， Leydig cells， and spermatogenic cells in the testis. Compared with MCT2， MCT1 showed a strong positive expression. The results indicated that the expression levels of APNR1 and MCT1 proteins in yak testis were significantly higher after sexual maturity than those before sexual maturity， suggesting that both two proteins play important roles in energy regulation and lactate transport within yak testis after sexual maturity. This study provides experimental data for exploring reproductive regulation mechanism of yaks in plateau environment.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2407-2417. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2407
In recent years， the prevalence of Enterococcus hirae in subclinical mastitis cases of dairy cows has been increasing gradually. By using bacteriological， morphological and molecular-biological methods， a strain named EH-GY8 was successfully isolated from the positive milk samples of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. The bacterium was characterized through investigating its growth characteristics， drug resistance， whole-genome sequencing and mouse-challenge modeling. The results showed that EH-GY8 was a G+ coccus with γ-hemolytic activity. The logarithmic growth phase of EH-GY8 lasted from 2 to 7 hours， with the optimal growth conditions at 30 ℃ and pH=7， and a genome size of 2 747 743 bp. Notably， the bacterium exhibited resistance to vancomycin and levofloxacin. In animal experiments， significant increases in blood-routine indices of the challenged group were observed （P<0.05）. A large number of bacteria were present in the breast tissue， with severe disruption of the mammary gland acini through epithelial-cell detachment and glandular disorganization. Pronounced interstitial congestion occurred alongside extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells. The expression levels of related inflammatory factors （IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α） increased significantly（P<0.05）， presenting a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Specifically， disease onset on the third day after the challenge. This study comprehensively discusses the pathogenesis of Enterococcus hirae， providing significant insights and a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of subclinical mastitis and related diseases in dairy cows.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2418-2431. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2418
To improve the efficiency and quality of postharvest drying of unhusked rice，the far-infrared radiation drying with heat pump drying （HPD） were combined in this study. The drying conditions were optimized， and the effects of the heat pump-far-infrared drying （HP-FIRD） method on the processing quality， edible quality， and surface microbial composition of unhusked rice were analyzed. Our results showed that the optimal parameters for the HP-FIRD method were temperature of 50 ℃， thickness of 2 cm， and far-infrared power of 800 W. The HP-FIRD method increased the average drying rate， brown rice rate， head rice rate， sensory score， and total phenolic content of rice， with reduced average energy consumption， broken rice rate， yellow rice rate， fatty acid value， malondialdehyde content， and conductivity compared with sun drying （SD） and HPD methods. Headspace gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry （HS-GC-IMS） analysis identified a total of 36 volatile compounds in rice， mainly including aldehydes， alcohols， ketones， esters， pyrazines， and furans， wherein the ketone compound content in rice treated by the SD and HP-FIRD methods was significantly lower than that in rice treated by HPD method. 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer （ITS） high-throughput sequencing revealed that HP-FIRD method could significantly inhibit the proliferation of Fusarium， Staphylococcus， Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia， Cladosporium_sp， and Burkholderia_glumae on the surface of unhusked rice compared with the SD and HPD methods. Hence， the rice treated by the HP-FIRD method had higher processing and edible quality， and the risks of harmful bacteria and fungal infections in unhusked rice were significantly （P<0.05） reduced compared with the SD and HPD methods. The research findings provide critical data that could help develop the HP-FIRD technology for grain drying.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2432-2444. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2432
The effects of different probiotics fermentation on strawberry juice quality， screening of the best strains， and optimization of the fermentation process were studied to develop nutritional， healthy and flavoured strawberry juice fermented with probiotics. Results showed that the pH， total phenolics， total flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of probiotic fermented strawberry juice were significantly reduced， but the total acid content increased by 17.05%-63.07% than unfermented strawberry juice. A total of 64 volatile organic compounds were detected in strawberry juice， including 12 ketones， 20 esters， 8 acids， 7 aldehydes， 13 alcohols， and 4 other compounds. The probiotic fermented strawberry juice had higher levels of ketones （323.7-573.0 µg·L-1）， acids （677.4-2 592.9 µg·L-1）， alcohols （576.7-827.4 µg·L-1） and other compounds （133.7-1 676.6 µg·L-1） than unfermented strawberry juice. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum showed the best overall performance based on the coefficient of variation method and was the best strain for strawberry juice fermentation. At optimal fermentation time （23 h）， fermentation temperature （34 ℃） and inoculum size （4%），
the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum fermented strawberry juice had 7.48 lg （CFU·mL-1） of viable cell count， 87.0 of sensory score and 47.24 of composite score. Results of this study could provide insights into the comprehensive processing and high-valued utilization of strawberries. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2445-2453. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2445
To explore the feasibility of 3D printing condensed milk， this study utilized sweetened condensed milk （SCM） as the base material and incorporated by adding varying proportions of xanthan gum （XG） and jelly carrageenan （JC） to optimize ink properties. Dynamic modulus， thermal stability， micro-structure， water activity， sugar content， and color difference were analyzed. The results revealed that with a constant concentration of xanthan gum， increasing the concentration of carrageenan altered the cross-linking state of the SCM， leading to decreased printability， reduced thermal stability， increased complex viscosity， nonlinear changes in storage modulus and higher sugar content as well as yellowness in color. Ultimately， a combination of 1.2% xanthan gum and 0.04% carrageenan was selected as the optimal colloidal formulation for printing SCM. Under this formulation， the SCM exhibited excellent printability， enhanced molecular cross-linking， improved deformation resistance， better mechanical strength， vibrant color， suitable sugar content and water activity. This research provided a theoretical foundation and technical reference for the 3D printing of dairy products， particularly condensed milk.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2454-2462. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2454
To investigate the synergistic inhibitory effect of intense pulsed light （IPL） and heat treatment （T） on endogenous enzyme activity in mulberries， the activity patterns of purified mulberry polyphenol oxidase （PPO） and PPO in mulberry juice under different treatment methods and conditions were systematically examined in this study. The effects of IPL followed by heat treatment （IPL-T） and heat followed by IPL （T-IPL） on PPO activity were studied. Through enzymatic degradation kinetics of purified mulberry PPO， the changes in PPO activity under different treatment conditions in thermal inactivation rate constants were explored. The results showed that compared to the IPL-T treatment， the T-IPL treatment had a significantly better effect （P<0.05） in inactivating PPO， indicating notable differences in enzyme inactivation efficacy depending on the treatment sequence. The results suggested that the mechanisms by which IPL-T treatment damage the active sites of the enzyme may differ. Compared to the simulated buffer systems， PPO in mulberry juice was more resistant to inactivation. IPL pretreatment reduced the thermal stability of PPO in both the simulated buffer system and mulberry juice， thereby accelerating its thermal inactivation rate. In the simulated buffer system， treatment with 13.96 W·cm-2 at a plate distance of 3 cm for 30 s followed by synergistic treatment at 70 ℃ for 5 min， reduced in only 9.50% residual PPO activity. In the juice system， under the same IPL conditions followed by 75 ℃ for 5 min， the residual PPO activity was 12.4%. This study proposes a novel method of synergistic treatment combining intense pulsed light and heat， which can effectively inhibit endogenous enzyme activity in fruits and vegetables， offering a new strategy for enzyme activity control during fruit and vegetable processing.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2463-2471. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2463
To solve postharvest softening of Prunus armeniaca L. during cold storage， Prunus armeniaca L.
was selected and investigated on storge quality under the treatments of 1-methylcyclopropylene （1-MCP）， low-frequency polarized electrostatic field （LFPEF） and 1-MCP+LFPEF. Parameters associated with fruit quality were measured during cold storage （0 ℃±0.5 ℃ and 85%-90% RH）， including weight loss rate， cell membrane permeability， cell wall polysaccharide content， cellulose， hemicellulose， lignin content， and activities of cell wall degrading enzymes. The results showed that both 1-MCP and LFPEF can inhibit the softening of Prunus armeniaca L.， but 1-MCP+LFPEF treatment can efficiently inhibit the decline in fruit firmness， chelated soluble pectin， sodium carbonate-soluble pectin， cellulose and hemicellulose contents， and retard the increase in weight loss rate， cell membrane permeability， water-soluble pectin， lignin， polygalacturonase and cellulase activities. The transmission electron microscopy analysis exhibited an excellent effect of 1-MCP+LFPEF treatment on maintaining the integrity of the cell wall structure of Prunus armeniaca L. In summary， 1-MCP+LFPEF treatment on Prunus armeniaca L. could reduce the activities of polygalacturonase and cellulase， delay the dissolution of pectin and the decomposition of cellulose， better preserve the cell wall ultrastructure and delay the softening of the fruit， and thus maintain the favorable storage quality of the fruit. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2472-2480. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2472
This study aimed to elucidate the synergistic spoilage capacity of Acinetobacter radioresistens （AR） and Shewanella putrefaciens （SP） on channel catfish， as well as the impact of high-voltage electrostatic field （HVEF） treatment on the interaction between AR and SP in a real-world context. HVEF-treated and untreated AR and SP co-inoculated sterile channel catfish fillets were utilized as experimental models to evaluate changes in pH value， total viable count （TVC）， total volatile basic nitrogen （TVB-N）， thiobarbituric acid value （TBA）， and K value of fish muscle over different storage periods. The results indicated that， from the second day of storage， TVC， TVB-N， and TBA levels in AR-SP co-cultures without HVEF treatment were significantly higher than those in single-inoculation groups， suggesting accelerated oxidative degradation of fish proteins and lipids. Conversely， HVEF-treated AR-SP co-cultures exhibited significantly lower TVB-N and K values compared to the AR + SP group in 8th day， indicating that HVEF treatment effectively inhibited lipid degradation and enhanced fish freshness. These findings suggest that HVEF treatment can suppress the synergistic effects of AR and SP， delaying their spoilage capacity and thereby improving freshness. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the interactions of dominant spoilage bacteria in channel catfish.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2481-2491. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2481
Ionizing radiation （IR）， which is emitted in the form of electromagnetic waves， has the capability to cause ionization of atoms or molecules. This can lead to direct damage of biological macromolecules such as DNA， proteins， and lipids within organisms， or indirectly result in oxidative stress damage through the overproduction of free radicals. As a unique bioactive peptide， anti-radiation peptides possess the ability to counteract IR effects. They protect and repair IR-induced damage by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity， scavenging free radicals， repairing DNA， and inhibiting inflammatory responses， among other mechanisms. In this paper， we systematically reviewed the latest research on the preparation and anti-radiation action mechanisms of anti-radiation peptides. Their primary sources， extraction and purification methods， detection techniques， and anti-radiation mechanisms was described. Their protective and reparative effects against IR was analyzed， and future research directions for anti-radiation peptides was outlined. This provides a theoretical foundation for further research on anti-radiation peptides and offers new insights into IR protection and restoration.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2492-2501. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2492
To explore the effects of different irrigation methods on the post-anthesis leaf senescence， root growth， and grain yield of wheat in the Huaibei Plain， this study used Wofengmai 168 as the experimental material and conducted field experiments with three irrigation methods： traditional flood irrigation （TI）， micro-sprinkler irrigation （SI）， and drip irrigation （DI）. Soil water content， chlorophyll content of flag leaf， leaf area index （LAI）， antioxidant enzyme activity， malondialdehyde （MDA） content， root distribution， dry matter accumulation， and grain yield of wheat under different irrigation methods were analyzed. The results showed that， compared to TI， both micro-irrigation methods （SI and DI） significantly increased soil water content at the anthesis stage. And SI significantly increased the LAI， but no significant difference was observed between DI and TI. Moreover， micro-irrigation significantly increased the flag leaf chlorophyll content after anthesis and maintained higher antioxidant enzyme activity， resulting in a significant decrease in the MDA content. At the maturity stage， the root length density （RLD） and root dry weight density （RWD） of wheat in the 0-60 cm soil layer under micro-irrigation methods were significantly higher than those under TI. Except in the 30-50 cm soil layer， where the RLD and RWD under SI were significantly higher than those under DI， no significant differences were observed between SI and DI in other soil layers. Compared with TI， both SI and DI significantly increased the dry matter accumulation after anthesis and its contribution rate to grain yield， as well as the total dry matter accumulation at the maturity， with no significant difference between SI and DI. Compared with TI， both SI and DI significantly increased the number of grains per ear and the 1 000-grain weight at the maturity. The grain yield was significantly increased， with the increase rates being 14.01% and 14.60% respectively， and there was no significant difference between SI and DI. In conclusion， compared to traditional flood irrigation， micro-irrigation is conducive to enhancing the stress resistance of wheat leaves after anthesis， maintains the material production capacity of the leaves， promotes the deep penetration of roots， and thus increases the grain yield. This study provides a theoretical basis for the high-yield production of wheat in the Huaibei wheat region.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2502-2513. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2502
To investigate the impact of different straw mulching amounts on maize yield and its components， a field experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2022. Six straw mulching treatments were established with no straw mulching （CK）， 0.50 kg·m-2 straw mulching （SM50）， 0.75 kg·m-2 straw mulching （SM75）， 1.00 kg·m-2 straw mulching （SM100）， 1.25 kg·m-2 straw mulching （SM125）， and 1.50 kg·m-2 straw mulching （SM150）. The study analyzed the dynamic changes in soil physical properties， enzyme activities， and maize growth characteristics under different treatments during the maize growth period. The results indicated that， compared with CK， different straw mulching treatments exhibited a decreasing trend in soil bulk density in the 0-20 cm and soil compaction in 0-30 cm soil layer. Straw mulching lowered soil temperature in the 0-25 cm layer by 0.04-0.57 ℃. Additionally， the activities of soil urease， invertase， alkaline phosphatase， catalase， and cellulase under all straw mulching treatments were higher than those under the control， increasing by 2.03%-40.34%， 1.59%-43.99%， 2.78%-50.00%， 3.45%-23.75%， and 17.86%-71.43%， respectively， and the activities of soil urease， invertase， and catalase increased with increasing straw mulching amount. Analyzing the yield components revealed that at the jointing stage， the plant height， dry matter， root length， and root surface area of the CK were all higher than those of the straw mulching treatments. The SM150 treatment showed lower or significantly lower values for these parameters compared to other treatments at the jointing stage. However， after the jointing stage， SM150 exhibited greater plant height， root length， and root surface area than other treatments， while its dry matter weight surpassed others after the silking stage. Compared with CK， the yields under SM50， SM75， SM100， SM125， and SM150 increased by 4.16%， 10.62%， 13.59%， 14.55%， and 19.76%， respectively， showing a positive correlation with straw mulching rates. Structural equation model （SEM） indicated that the straw mulching amount directly affected the soil physical properties， soil enzyme activity and yield component， subsequently regulating plant growth and yield. In summary， straw mulching reduced soil bulk density， soil compaction， and soil temperature， but enhanced enzyme activity， with the best effect observed at a mulching amount of 1.50 kg·m-2. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the application of straw mulching technology in maize cultivation in southeastern Shanxi Province.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2514-2524. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2514
In this study， the yeast strains that had promoting effect on maize seedlings under salt stress were screened from various yeasts to explore their promoting effect on the growth of maize seedlings. The selected strain was classified and identified based on morphological and molecular analysis of 18S rRNA and ITS gene sequences. Subsequently， the impact of inoculating maize seedlings with the yeast strain under salt stress was evaluated by analyzing growth parameters， osmoregulatory substance content， antioxidant enzyme activities in maize roots， and photosynthetic capacity in maize leaves. Results demonstrated that a yeast strain designated Y24 had a promoting effect on the plant height and root length of maize seedlings under 100 mmol·L-1 NaCl. It was identified as Pichia kudriavzevii， which exhibited zinc solubilization capability and produced indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） at a concentration of 21.56 mg·L-1. Compared with the control group， inoculation with yeast Y24 under salt stress increased plant height， root length， fresh weight of aboveground and underground parts， dry weight of aboveground parts， total root length， root surface area， root volume， and root tip number by 46.13%， 11.35%， 48.00%， 28.10%， 66.67%， 65.22%， 47.54%， 56.63%， and 37.90%， respectively. Additionally， the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） was decreased by 44.19%， while proline content and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity were increased by 49.82% and 12.62% in maize roots. Furthermore， chlorophyll a （Chl a）， chlorophyll b （Chl b）， and total chlorophyll ［Chl （a+b）］ contents in maize leaves were increased by 33.64%， 43.59%， and 36.24%， respectively. Net photosynthetic rate （Pn） and stomatal conductance （Gs） were enhanced by 64.43% and 72.73%， respectively， while intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci） was decreased by 59.66%. In summary， inoculation with yeast Y24 under salt stress could increase the content of osmoregulatory substances and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the root tissue of maize seedlings， and improve the leaf photosynthetic rate. This alleviated the salt stress effect on maize seedlings and promoted their growth and development. This study provides data support for the use of yeast to improve plant salt tolerance.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2525-2533. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2525
In order to clarify the effect of plastic film mulching on the rejuvenation of Brassica napus L.， two treatments were established： plastic film mulching and non-mulching （control）. The content of endogenous hormones and relative transcription levels of related genes were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and quantitative real-time PCR， respectively， and the morphology of growth cones at stem tips was observed by tissue sections to analyze the effects of film mulching on the physiological and tissue structural characteristics of Brassica napus during the rejuvenation stage. The results showed that the total biomass， root-shoot ratio， gibberellin and zeatin contents were increased in mulching compared to the control， while the auxin content increased in early rejuvenation period， decreased in late rejuvenation period， and reached the maximum at the 7th day after rejuvenation. The contents of gibberellin， auxin， zeatin and abscisic acid increased first and then decreased after mulching， and the change trend of auxin and zeaxin contents was the same as that of control. In addition， the auxin content in the control reached the maximum value at the 14th day of rejuvenation under mulching， and the auxin content was 4.5 times higher than that at the beginning of rejuvenation. Microscopic observations showed that the differentiation of leaf and shoot primordia in the stem tip of Brassica napus was more completion under mulching compared to the control. The expression levels of genes related to the synthesis and metabolism of auxin （CYP83B1， RVE2， A07G014460） and gibberellin （GID1B， GID1C， CCA1， BT4， RVE2， XERICO， GA2， NFYC3） were up-regulated in the stem tip of Brassica napus under mulching. In conclusion， the mulching regulates the rejuvenation time of winter rapeseed by influencing the total biomass， endogenous hormone contents， stem apical meristem differentiation， and the expression of related genes. This study provides a basis for the cultivation of early-maturing and high-yielding Brassica napus varieties.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2534-2548. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2534
To investigate the effects of different concentrations of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid （ALA） and boron fertilizer on the growth of sweet potato and the accumulation of soluble sugars in tuberous roots.Sweet potato varieties Violet and Hami were used as test materials. The field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with different concentrations of boron fertilizer （BNa3O3， 0， 2， 4， and 8 g·L-1） and ALA （0， 50， 100， and 150 mg·L-1） spraying during the reproductive period of sweet potato. The aboveground vine length， leaf area， the ratio of top to root （T/R ratio）， photosynthetic parameters， and the content of soluble sugar， sucrose， fructose， and glucose in the belowground were measured at 60， 90， and 120 days after transplanting （DAP）of sweet potato， respectively. The correlation between the indexes was analyzed. The results showed that the 8 g·L-1 boron fertilizer concentration treatment significantly increased the soluble sugar， sucrose， fructose， and glucose contents compared with the treatment without boron fertilizer. The low concentration of ALA promoted the growth and metabolism of sweet potato， and 50-100 mg·L-1 ALA was more beneficial for promoting the accumulation of soluble sugars in sweet potato tubers. Sweet potato yield gradually increased with increasing boron fertilizer concentration， while exhibited a trend of an initial increase followed by a decrease with increasing ALA concentration. Violet had the highest yield under the interaction treatment of 8 g·L-1 boron fertilizer and 100 mg·L-1 ALA， with a theoretical yield of 87 817.50 kg·hm-2， and Hami had the highest yield under the interaction treatment of 8 g·L-1 boron fertilizer and 50 mg·L-1 ALA， with a theoretical yield of 83 497.50 kg·hm-2. Correlation analysis showed that the soluble sugar content was highly significantly correlated with photosynthetic parameters， sucrose content， fructose content， and yield. In conclusion， the combined application of 8 g·L-1 boron fertilizer and 50-100 mg·L-1 ALA had a better effect on the growth， yield， and soluble sugar accumulation of sweet potato. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of soluble sugar accumulation and high-quality cultivation of sweet potato.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2549-2558. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2549
In order to investigate the effects of novel nitrogen fertilizers on yield and economic profits of wheat-intercropped pepper， a field experiment was carried out from May to September 2023 in Linying county， Henan province. The treatments were no nitrogen fertilization （CK）， conventional urea （CU）， loss-controlled urea （CLU）， stabilized urea （SU）， and coated urea （CTU）. A randomized block design was adopted. The results showed that CLU， SU and CTU significantly increased plant height， fresh weight and dry weight of pepper compared with CU， ranging from 17.9%-28.1%， 1.1%-52.9%， and 4.7%-74.2%， respectively. SU and CTU increased chlorophyll content of pepper with an increase of chlorophyll a by 15.0%-71.3% and 11.7%-103.1%， the chlorophyll b by 29.8%-83.8% and 29.2%-108.1%， and the total chlorophyll by 26.3%-74.5% and 22.5%-104.4%， respectively. CLU， SU and CTU boosted both fruit number and individual plant yield by 16.1%， 80.5%， 52.0% and 16.3%， 43.8%， 52.1%， respectively， when compared with CU. The nitrogen fertilizer contribution rate （NCR） and nitrogen use efficiency （NUE） treated with CLU， SU and CTU increased by 5.9， 12.8， and 14.4 percentile， and by 7.5， 12.3， and 21.6 percentile， respectively. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer （ANE） increased by 28.3%， 75.7% and 90.2%， and partial factor productivity of N （pFPN） increased by 16.0%， 43.7% and 52.0% under CLU， SU and CTU， respectively. Among all treatments， the CTU was the best in economic benefits with an net profit of 39 660.8 yuan per hectare， which was 9 410.8 yuan higher than CU treatment. In summary， CTU usage in the wheat-intercropped pepper system is superior than other treatments under equivalent nitrogen input conditions. The present research provides practice guidance for wheat-intercropped pepper fertilization management for better economic benefits.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(11): 2559-2567. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2559
To systematically analyze the resistance characteristics of rubber tree （Hevea brasiliensis） leaves to powdery mildew （Erysiphe quercicola） across different phenological stages， leaves at the bronze， light green， and mature stages were investigated using scanning electron microscopy （SEM）， wax extraction， and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） to elucidate the relationship between leaf wax characteristics and disease resistance. The results indicated that bronze-stage leaves were highly susceptible to powdery mildew， exhibiting the highest rates of spore germination， haustoria formation， and secondary hyphae development， followed by light green-stage leaves， while mature-stage leaves showed the lowest susceptibility. Analysis of wax composition revealed a gradual and significant increase in total wax content and more complex wax structures as leaves matured. Notably， triterpenoids， such as friedelan-3β-ol and friedelin， were detected in mature-stage leaves， demonstrated significant antifungal activity. Exogenous application experiments further confirmed that friedelan-3β-ol and friedelin effectively inhibited spore germination and secondary hyphae formation of powdery mildew， thereby reducing disease severity. This study provides in-depth insights into the critical role of leaf wax in the resistance of rubber tree to powdery mildew across different phenological stages， offering a theoretical basis for disease control strategies and resistance breeding in rubber trees.
