10 December 2025, Volume 39 Issue 12
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2569-2578. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2569
Phosphomannose isomerase （PMI）， a critical rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of glucomannan， is closely related to plant growth， development， and stress response. To study the role of PMI gene in the biosynthesis of glucomannan in Dendrobium officinale， DoPMI1 gene was identified and cloning in this study. Physicochemical characteristics， conserved motifs， phylogenetic tree， and cis-acting elements of DoPMI1 were analyzed， as well as its expression patterns in different tissues， at various developmental stages， and under stress treatments. Results indicated that DoPMI1 gene located on chromosome 19， with a length of 1 266 bp and encodes a protein of 421 amino acids. DoPMI1 was a hydrophobic and unstable protein that localized in the cytoplasm， mainly composed of irregular coils and alpha helices， and shared a close genetic relationship with D. chrysotoxum DcPMI1. The promoter region of DoPMI1 gene harbored multiple cis-acting elements， primarily associated with hormone and stress response. DoPMI1 gene showed a tissue-specific expression， with the highest expression in stems， and was significantly upregulated when exposed to 200 mmol·L-1 NaCl， 100 μmol·L-1 MeJA， 4 ℃ low temperature， and drought stress. During the development of D. officinale， DoPMI1 expression was correlated with the glucomannan accumulation， suggesting its potential involvement in glucomannan biosynthesis. These results provide a theoretical reference for in-depth study on the role of DoPMI1 gene in the biosynthesis of D. officinale glucomannan.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2579-2589. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2579
Sucrose synthase （SUS） is a key enzyme in sucrose metabolism， catalyzing the reversible conversion of sucrose into UDP-glucose and fructose. It regulates sucrose source-sink allocation， participates in polysaccharide synthesis， and plays crucial roles in plant growth and development. To elucidate the function of the AkSUSs gene family in Amorphophallus konjac， this study employed bioinformatics methods to analyze the physicochemical properties， phylogenetic relationships， motifs， conserved domains， and cis-acting elements of AkSUSs family members. Additionally， the expression patterns of AkSUSs in different organs， at various corm growth stages of A. konjac， and under lanthanum induction were investigated. The results showed that 10 AkSUSs genes were distributed across 8 chromosomes， encoding proteins ranging from 807 to 1 093 amino acids. These genes were clustered into three major subgroups， exhibiting a closer phylogenetic relationship with Pinellia ternate which belongs to the same family. The promoter regions of the AkSUSs family were enriched with light-responsive and hormone-responsive elements. Transcriptome data analysis revealed that AkSUSs exhibited tissue-specific and spatiotemporal-specific expression patterns during the growth and development of A. konjac. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that after lanthanum induction， the expression level of AkSUS9 was highly consistent with the changes in konjac corm glucomannan content， with the optimal effect observed at 80 mg·L-¹. These results suggest that AkSUS9 may be a key regulator gene in glucomannan biosynthesis. The findings provide an important foundation for further elucidating the functions of AkSUSs genes and their roles in glucomannan biosynthesis.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2590-2599. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2590
To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying Lilium lancifolium resistant to bulb rot disease， bulbs of L. lancifolium were inoculated with the pathogen Fusarium proliferatum. The activity of catalase （CAT）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， peroxidase （POD）， and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase （PAL） were analyzed. Additionally， transcriptome sequencing was employed to analyze the dynamic response of L. lancifolium to F. proliferatum infection. The results demonstrated that F. proliferatum infection significantly enhanced CAT activity in bulbs， peaking at 24 h post-inoculation. Transcriptome analysis identified 810 and 827 differentially expressed genes （DEGs） at 12 h and 24 h respectively， primarily enriched in translation， ribosome， ribosomal structure， photosynthesis， and photosystem. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） analysis revealed significant activation of pathways including ribosome assembly， porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism， zeatin biosynthesis， and photosynthesis. Protein-protein interaction network analysis further revealed that Ribosomal Protein Large subunit 3 （RP-L3e）， Ribosomal Protein Large subunit 12 （RP-L12e）， Ribosomal Protein Large subunit 26 （RP-L26e）， and Ribosomal Protein Small subunit 5 （RP-S5e） play crucial roles during early pathogen infection. These findings provide fundamental insights into the molecular mechanisms of Lilium lancifolium resistance to bulb rot disease and offer valuable candidate genes for breeding disease-resistant medicinal lilies.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2600-2611. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2600
To investigate the differences in components and bioactivities of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua （PC）， Lycium chinense Mill （LC） and Panax ginseng C. A. Mey （PG） under varying compatibility ratios， this study determined the contents of total sugar， total phenolic， total saponin， and other substances， and assessed
antioxidant capacity in vitro. The optimal formulations were selected through the comprehensive evaluation and the oxidative stress and lipid-lowering activity were validated through the Caenorhabditis elegans model. The results revealed that there was a correlation between herb-ingredients-activity， and some combinations showed synergistic effect on activities. Following comprehensive evaluation， the combination of PC， PC and PG in ratio of 1∶2∶0 （PC-LC）， 2∶0∶1 （PC-PG）， and 1∶2∶1 （PC-LC-PG） demonstrated superior overall performance compared to other proportional combinations within the same formulation. The C. elegans model experiment demonstrated that the PC-LC group could enhance on superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity compared to the control group， and its inhibitory effect on malondialdehyde （MDA） accumulation was better than that of the single- drug administration groups. In terms of lipid-lowering activity， the triglyceride content of PC-LC-PG group （low concentration） and PC-PG group （high concentration） was significantly lower than that of single drug （P<0.05）， thereby indicating a synergistic effect. Consequently， in the compatibility of PC， LC and PG， the changes of herb-components-activities were correlated， and some of the compatibility showed synergistic effects in antioxidant and lipid-lowering. This study reveals the variation patterns of components and activities after the compatibility of PC， LC， and PG， which provide references for the subsequent development of products formulated with PC and the utilization of related resources. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2612-2620. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2612
Marigold （Tagetes erecta ） is a widely cultivated ornamental plant and an important source for lutein. To investigate the impact of γ-radiation on pigment marigolds and generate variant materials with modified flower color and morphology， seeds from four pigment marigold lines （MB1， MB2， FB1， and FB2） were exposed to ⁶⁰Co-γ rays at six distinct doses： 0 （Control）， 100， 200， 300， 400， and 500 Gy. The results showed that γ-radiation had no considerable influence on seed germination rates. Nevertheless， as radiation exposure increased， plant growth， especially plant height， was significantly suppressed. Regression analysis determined the Median Growth Reduction Dose （GR50） to be 491 Gy for MB2， 557 Gy for FB1， and 458 Gy for FB2. Across the four lines， a total of 31 phenotypic variants were identified， with an overall phenotypic variation rate of 8.7‰. The frequency of phenotypic variation exhibited a positive correlation with radiation dose， though substantial differences were observed among the four pigment marigold lines. The predominant types of phenotypic variations included alterations in flower color （12 variants） and the number of ray floret layers （11 variants）. Based on the observed results， 500 Gy is recommended as the optimal dose for inducing desirable phenotypic variation in pigment marigolds， providing a theoretical foundation for its application in radiation-induced breeding of pigment marigolds.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2621-2632. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2621
In order to reveal the molecular characteristics of wheat mutants and establish an accurate and efficient mutant identification method， this study utilized five stable wheat mutants （obtained through space mutation and 60Co γ ray radiation） and their corresponding wild-type parents as materials. Genotyping and genetic composition were compared using the high-density wheat 660K SNP array. The results demonstrated that four mutants （Yutong 194， Wennong 14M-62， Yumai 34-6 dwarf mutant and Xinong 511E） were real mutants， showing highly consistent genetic background with the wild-type parents （polymorphic loci proportion <1%）. Their polymorphic loci exhibited severely skewed distributions among chromosomes， and 2/3 or even higher proportion of polymorphic loci were enriched within particular chromosomal regions on 1-3 chromosomes. In contrast， Han 6172 dwarf mutant was identified as a pseudo-mutant， displaying a remarkably high polymorphic loci proportion （16.377%） compared to its wild-type parent， which may be the offspring of natural hybridization. The polymorphic loci were numerous and showed a normal distribution trend among chromosomes， and polymorphic loci were almost all over the whole chromosome， resembling inter-variety polymorphism distribution characteristics. This study systematically characterizes the molecular features of authentic wheat mutants and proposes an innovative mutant identification strategy， that is， analyzing the distribution patterns and proportions of polymorphic loci across whole-genome， inter-chromosomal， and intrachromosomal levels using high density solid-state SNP array. This strategy not only enables more accurate verification of mutant authenticity， but also faciliates preliminarily localization of mutant regions， thereby providing valuable references for subsequent genetic analyses， gene mapping， and cloning of mutant traits.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2633-2642. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2633
The soluble sugar content in fresh kernels is one of the key indicators of sweet corn quality. To investigate the genetic variation of soluble sugar content in fresh kernels and gain deeper insights into its genetic mechanisms， this study evaluated the phenotypic data of soluble sugar content in fresh kernels from 167 sweet corn landraces across two environments. Using 34 201 high-quality SNP markers， a genome-wide association study （GWAS） was conducted with three models： mixed linear model （MLM， Q+K）， general linear model （GLM）， and the fixed and random model （FarmCPU）， to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） significantly associated with soluble sugar scontent. For each significant SNP， a candidate interval was defined by extending 5.6 kb on both sides based on the linkage disequilibrium （LD） decay distance. Within these candidate regions， five genes were identified through on functional annotation and may be involved in the regulation of soluble sugar content in sweet corn kernels. Among them， Zm00001d051143 and Zm00001d051145 are proposed as key candidate genes. The findings provide a scientific foundation for functionally validating of genes related to soluble sugar content in sweet corn， elucidating their molecular genetic mechanisms， and enabling molecular design breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2643-2653. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2643
In order to investigate the role of laccase in stress defense， this study systematically identified the laccase gene family members， analyzed their physicochemical properties， gene structures， cis-acting elements， and phylogenetic relationships using bioinformatics methods， and investigated their expression patterns under Colletotrichum infection via quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR）. The results revealed that 23 laccase gene family members named CaLAC1-CaLAC23 were identified in the pepper genome. All CaLAC proteins localized to the plasma membrane and characterized as stable hydrophilic proteins. Except for CaLAC3， CaLAC11， CaLAC12， and CaLAC19， all members contained signal peptides， and all CaLAC proteins had N-glycosylation sites. Gene structure analysis showed that the 23 CaLAC genes were randomly distributed across multiple chromosomes， each containing three conserved copper oxidase domains （Cu-oxidase， Cu-oxidase_2， and Cu-oxidase_3）， with 5-7 exons and 4-6 introns. Promoter cis-acting element analysis revealed 19 types of cis-elements in the promoter regions of CaLAC genes， with light responsiveness， anaerobic induction， and methyl jasmonate （MeJA） responsiveness being the most abundant. Phylogenetic analysis divided CaLAC gene family into six subgroups， where Groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ contained the largest number of CaLAC members. Under Colletotrichum infection， the expression of lignin biosynthesis-related genes， such as CaLAC1， CaLAC3， CaLAC13， CaLAC14， and CaLAC18， was significantly upregulated compared to the non-inoculated group， and these genes were predicted to be targeted by can-miR397 and can-miR408b. These results indicated that pepper LACs are vital in disease resistance.
This study lays a foundation for further elucidating the role of LAC genes in the disease resistance mechanisms of pepper fruit. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2654-2663. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2654
To observe the origin traceability of geographical indication Zanthoxylum bungeanum， the research aims to analyze 43 elements and two stable isotopes （δ13C and δ15N） in 199 Zanthoxylum bungeanum samples from nine provinces in China by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry （ICP-MS/MS） and Stable Isotope Mass Spectrometry （IRMS）. The results showed that there were significant differences in the elemental content of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in different provinces. The linear discriminant analysis （LDA） model achieved a provenance classification rate of 96.5%， significantly outperforming the principal component analysis （PCA） model. Among the key elements selected by the two models above， rare earth elements （La， Eu， Tm） and trace elements （Cr， Cd， Fe， B， Al， Zr） played important role in origin traceability. Further analysis of the differences between geographically indicated （GI） and non-geographically indicated （non-GI） Zanthoxylum bungeanum from various counties in Shanxi and Gansu provinces， they were found that GI samples could be effectively distinguished from non-GI samples. The combination of elemental fingerprinting and linear discriminant modeling proved to be an effective tool for the traceability of Zanthoxylum bungeanum origins， providing a scientific basis for such applications. The result of this study not only contributes to the protection of geographical indication products but also offers technical support for the quality regulation and market protection of agricultural products.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2664-2672. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2664
To explore the impact of low-pressure combined with electrolyzed water treatment on the antioxidant capacity of fresh-cut lotus root， fresh-cut lotus root samples were treated with acidic electrolyzed water and subsequently stored under three different pressures （75，50， and 25 kPa） at a constant storage temperature of 4.0 ℃. During storage， the changes in the production rate of superoxide anion （O2
）， hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） content， malondialdehyde （MDA） content， cell membrane permeability， polyphenol oxidase （PPO） activity， antioxidant substances such as ascorbic acid （Vc） and total phenolic content， as well as antioxidant enzymes including ascorbate peroxidase （APX）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT）， and glutathione reductase （GR） were analyzed. Additionally， principal component analysis （PCA） was conducted.The results indicated that compared to the control treatment of distilled water combined with atmospheric pressure， the low-pressure combined with electrolyzed water treatment significantly inhibited the production rate of O2 ， the accumulation of H2O2， the formation of MDA， cell membrane permeability， and PPO activity. This treatment effectively reduced the damage caused by reactive oxygen species to cells and maintained the integrity of the cell membrane. Furthermore， it induced the activity of SOD， CAT， and APX in the middle and late stages of storage， postponed the peak appearance time of SOD， CAT， and APX activity in the second and third low-pressure groups， increased GR activity in the late stage of storage， delayed the decline of total phenolic content， and slowed the consumption of Vc during maturation and senescence. As a result， the treatment effectively maintained the Vc content of fresh-cut lotus root and enhanced its antioxidant capacity， providing a defensive mechanism against oxidative damage.Notably， the lower the storage pressure， the more pronounced the antioxidant effect. The antioxidant capacity was ranked in the following order： the third low-pressure group > the second low-pressure group > the first low-pressure group > the control group （CK）. These findings provide valuable theoretical support for the application of low-pressure combined with electrolyzed water treatment in the preservation of fresh-cut lotus root. -
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2673-2681. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2673
In order to improve the bioaccessibility of quercetin （Que）， a cyclodextrin （β-CD）/cellulose co-stabilized Pickering emulsions （PEs） with high loading efficiency for Que was constructed in this study. Additionally， the influences of the cellulose addition level on the stability of the PEs and the bioaccessibility of Que in an in vitro digestion model were investigated. The β-CD/cationic cellulose （C-CNC）-Que complex solution loaded with Que was prepared by antisolvent method. A mixed solution of the β-CD/C-CNC-Que complex and bacterial cellulose at different concentrations were used as the aqueous phase， and medium chain triglycerides were used as the oil phase to prepare the PEs. Then， the effects of bacterial cellulose concentration on the apparent stability， thermal stability， physical properties of PEs， and bioaccessibility of Que during in vitro simulated digestion were analyzed. Compared to dissolving Que in the oil phase， β-CD/C-CNC-Que complex can increase the efficient loading of Que in the PEs， achieving a Que content of 0.43 mg·mL-1 in the PEs. The addition of bacterial cellulose increased the absolute value of zeta potential， viscosity， and viscoelastic modulus of the PEs， which contributed to the improved stability of the PEs and further enhanced the bioaccessibility of Que during in vitro simulated digestion. The PEs developed in this study effectively improved the loading efficiency and in vitro bioaccessibility of Que， providing a theoretical basis and technical guidance for subsequent research on the in vivo bioavailability of Que.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2682-2689. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2682
To achieve non-destructive detection of meat freshness， a multi-wavelength miniature detection device through analysis of the correlation between optical characteristics of sensor tags and pork freshness， based on fluorescence sensing technology was designed and fabricated in this study. The device features a micro-spectrometer and is equipped with eight micro LEDs of varying wavelengths （280， 290， 310， 340， 365， 450， 470， and 760 nm） arranged in a circular light source module. A smartphone interface displays the collected data. Using this device， fluorescence intensity （FI）， red-green-blue （RGB） channel chromaticity values， and Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage （CIE） XYZ tristimulus values were measured from pork samples at different freshness levels. Their relationships with pork total volatile basic nitrogen （TVB-N） and total viable count （TVC） were analyzed. Results indicated that pork experienced spoilage and quality degradation during storage， as evidenced by a significant increase in TVB-N on the first day （P<0.05） from day 0， surpassing the national standard limit of 15 mg·100g-1 by the eighth day. Concurrently， TVC showed a significant uptick on the fifth day （P<0.05） and exceeded the national standard limit of 6 log CFU·g-1 by the seventh day， signifying the entry of pork into the spoilage phase. The B （blue）， FI， and CIE Z values of pork exhibited an overall escalation during the refrigeration period of 0-8 days， akin to the changes observed in the freshness indicators. Data fitting analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between the meat freshness indicators （TVB-N and TVC） and various fluorescence sensing indices. Notably， the TVB-N quantitative fitting model based on FI and （R+B）/G demonstrated high efficacy， with determination coefficients of 0.924 and 0.947， respectively， confirming the device’s excellent freshness detection performance. The device’s performance on refrigerated pork was validated successfully， offering a potential reference for portable meat quality assessment.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2690-2699. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2690
In order to establish a specialized method for determining the volatile oil content of the fruit of Amomum villosum and solve the problem of significant differences and poor reproducibility in the determination of its volatile oil content during production and scientific research， this article used orthogonal design experiment to investigate five factors that affect the volatile oil content of the fruit of A. villosum， including water addition， grinding degree， condensate temperature， micro boiling time， and sample weight， based on the steam distillation method stipulated in the pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China （2020） Volume Ⅳ. Further experiments were conducted on the selected variables with significant impact to determine the optimal method for measuring volatile oil content， and this method will be used to determine the volatile oil content of different origins of the fruit of A. villosum. The results indicated that the variable with significant impact was the grinding degree. The volatile oil content was the highest after 5 hours of mixed extraction without sieving. The optimal process parameters for determining the volatile oil content of the fruit of A. villosum were： water addition of 500 mL， grinding for a certain period of time （5-40 s）， without sieving， mixing， condensate temperature of 28 ℃ （or room temperature）， micro boiling time of 5 h， and weight of the test sample of 15 g. Using this method， the ranking of volatile oil content from high to low in each production area were as follows： Xishuangbanna>Chunwan， Huaiji， Wenshan No.2>Guangning Chikeng， Wenshan No.1>Guangning Hecang， Naruan， Panlong， Heshui， Shaoguan. This study established a new method for determining the volatile oil content of the fruit of A. villosum， which improved the stability and repeatability of the determination in practical production and scientific research processes.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2700-2717. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2700
The propolis was used as the selective additive to develop the selective separation medium which could detect the Listeria monocytogenes （L. monocytogenes） of foods accurately in the study. The optimized formula of the new L. monocytogenes selective separation medium was developed based on the optimization of optimal propolis concentration for growth of Listeria and optimal propolis concentration for growth inhibition of competing microbial flora. The recovery rate of 81 Listeria strains was determined using plate counting， and the specificity was determined by characterizing the growth of 81 Listeria strains and 34 non-Listeria strains. Artificially contaminated raw meat， seafood， fruits and vegetables， and ready-to-eat food （100-105 CFU·25g-1） were used to determine the sensitivity based on microbial challenge test. The application of the new L. monocytogenes selective separation medium was assessed by the detection rate of L. monocytogenes in foods collected in Hebei Province， and the L. monocytogenes identification success rate of typical or suspicious colonies on the selective separation medium. The recovery， specificity， sensitivity and application were compared with polymyxin acriflavin lithium chloride ceftazidime esculin mannitol agar （PALCAM）， Chromogenic， oxford agar （OXA）， and modified oxford agar （MOXA）. The results showed that the optimized formula of the new selective separation medium was： 1 000 mL sterile base medium supplemented with 5 mL each of sterile propolis solution at the concentration of 8.0 μg·mL-1， 0.1 g·mL-1 sterile phosphatidylinositol， and 0.02 g·mL-1 sterile glucopyranoside， respectively. It indicated that the recovery rates of Listeria on the new selective separation medium were 98.84%-104.10%， the specificity was 100%， and the sensitivity was 1-10 CFU·25g-1. Furthermore， the developed medium had the highest detection rate of L. monocytogenes in foods. The L. monocytogenes identification success rate of the typical or suspicious colonies was 100%， which was of good application. The developed medium was superior to four selective separation media in terms of recovery， specificity， sensitivity， and application， and which it could provide technical support to improve the accuracy of traditional detection method for L. monocytogenes.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2718-2726. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2718
To investigate the effects of nitrogen （N） reduction combined with humic acid application on ammonia （NH3） volatilization and N leaching in wheat-maize rotation systems， field experiment with five treatments were set up： no nitrogen fertilizer （CK）， conventional farmer’s fertilization （270 kg·hm-2， CF）， optimized fertilization （225 kg·hm-2， OF）， conventional farmer’s fertilization combined with humic acid （CFH， 3 000 kg·hm-2， humic acid） and optimized fertilization combined with humic acid （OFH， 3 000 kg·hm-2， humic acid）. The NH3 emissions， nitrate leaching， and crop yields were measured to systematically analyze the regulatory effects of reduced N with humic acid on NH3 volatilization and N leaching. The results showed that there were no significant differences in wheat yield among different nitrogen application treatments. In the maize season， no significant yield differences were observed between humic acid-amended treatments （CFH and OFH） compared to CF. However， OFH significantly increased maize yield by 5.4%-7.9% compared with OF. Compared with CF， OF， CFH and OFH treatments significantly reduced NH3 volatilization and N leaching， with the OFH demonstrating the most pronounced effect. NH3 volatilization in the wheat and maize seasons decreased by 33.8% and 26.6%， while N leaching decreased by 44.9% and 40.7%， respectively. Compared with CFH， OFH significantly reduced NH3 volatilization by 17.8% and 13.5%， and N leaching by 30.4% and 24.3% in the wheat and maize seasons， respectively. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between N application rate and NH3 volatilization. In summary， under the premise of ensuring wheat and maize yield security， N reduction combined with humic acid application can effectively reduce NH3 volatilization and N leaching. The findings of this study provide scientific support for sustainable humic acid utilization in fluvo-aquic soils of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2727-2736. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2727
In order to explore the effects of different organic rice-shrimp-duck cultivation modes on dynamic changes of soil nutrients and economic benefits in paddy fields， this study aims to screen out the efficient ecological cultivation mode suitable for local promotion. A field experiment on integrated paddy farming was conducted， and four treatments were set up with single cropping of rice （CK）， rice-shrimp rotation （R-S）， rice-duck co-cropping （R-D） and rice-shrimp-duck mode （R-S-D） in 2023. Principal component analysis （PCA） was used to evaluate the comprehensive soil fertility indices at different growth stages of rice， and screened out efficient ecological farming modes suitable for local promotion.. The results showed that， compared with CK， the pH values of stages decreased by 0.12 to 0.36 units of each treatment at the growth stage of rice， while the content of soil organic matte （SOM）， total nitrogen （TN）， available nitrogen （AN）， available phosphorus （AP）， total potassium （TK）， available potassium （AK） were increased significantly. Specifically， the content of SOM in the R-S， R-D and R-S-D treatment were increased by 15.13%， 11.53% and 12.35%， respectively compared with CK treatment， with the R-S treatment had a largest increase at the mature period. The contents of TN and AK increased first increased and then decreased， while the contents of AN， TK and AP continuously increased with the progression of rice growth period. From the transplanting period to the maturity period， the TP content of all treatments decreased by 22.37%-30.08%， and the CK treatment had the largest decline. The results of PCA indicated that the comprehensive soil fertility indices of four different cultivation modes ranked： R-S-D>R-D>R-S>CK. Although the rice yield of organic rice-shrimp-duck co-cropping paddy was lower than that of conventional， the overall economic benefits of this mode was significantly enhanced when considering the premium price of organic rice and the additional income from aquatic products （shrimp and ducks）， the economic benefits of the organic rice-shrimp-duck farming mode are 5 to 21 times that of the conventional mode. In summary， the organic rice-shrimp-duck co-cropping mode can increase soil nutrient contents， among which the R-S-D mode has the highest comprehensive soil fertility and paddy field economic benefits， and it is a farming mode worthy of promotion. This study reveals the patterns of soil nutrient changes and economic benefit improvement under the rice-shrimp-duck co-cropping mode in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River， providing a reference for the development of regional ecological agriculture.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2737-2745. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2737
The starch pasting properties of foxtail millet are key indicators determining cooking and eating quality， holding significant importance for quality breeding. To explore the combining ability and heterosis of cooking quality traits in two-line hybrid offspring and provide theoretical references for quality breeding of foxtail millet hybrids， this study selected three highly male sterile lines as female parents and 15 herbicide-resistant restorer lines as male parents. Forty-five hybrid combinations were constructed using NCⅡ design to analyze the combining ability， heterosis， and correlations of Rapid Visco Analyzer （RVA） profile characteristics. Results showed that RVA viscosity traits were co-regulated by additive and non-additive genetic effects， with key parameters such as peak viscosity and breakdown value being predominantly influenced by the genotypes of sterile lines. Male sterile lines Gu 3A and Gao 51A， along with restorer lines Yugu 32， Yugu 36， Yugu 35 and Yugu 34 exhibited superior general combining ability （GCA） effects. Hybrid combinations such as Gu3A×Yugu 32 and Gao51A×K410 showed favorable specific combining ability （SCA） effects. The maximum over-parent heterosis rate for peak viscosity reached 29.28%， with 60.00% of combinations demonstrating positive heterosis， indicating broad applicability of hybridization for cooking quality improvement. Negative heterosis in peak time and pasting temperature suggested reduced cooking duration. Significant positive correlation between over-parent heterosis of RVA viscosity traits and SCA revealed that heterosis was primarily SCA-driven， while GCA of male sterile lines formed the genetic foundation for trait improvement. These findings provide theoretical basis for parental selection in foxtail millet quality breeding and enhance the efficiency of breeding high-quality foxtail millet hybrids.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2746-2756. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2746
To investigate the influence of microenvironment factors in rain-shelter facilities cultivation （RS） on the peach fruit quality， Zhongtao5 （Prunus persica L.） was used as the experimental material to monitor the variations in environmental factors under RS， and to analyze the impact of environmental factors on the peach fruit quality. The results showed that the average soil humidity （ASH） under RS was 0.47 times that of field cultivation， while the average temperature （AT） and cumulative ≥24 ℃ growing degree days （GDD） were increased. Additionally， an increase in accumulated diurnal amplitude （ADA） and a decrease in average light intensity （ALI） and the fluctuation of relative average humidity （ARH） were also observed in RS. With the progression of days following the peak bloom， the titratable acid contents （TAC） initially increased and then decreased， whereas the solid-acid ratio （AST） exhibited an inverse change. This dynamic interaction between TAC and ASR significantly improved the fruit flavor. The regression analyses suggested that ADA， AT， and ≥24 ℃ GDD explained more than 90% of the variation in soluble sugar contents （SSC）， total soluble solids （TSS） and AST during fruit development. Compared to field cultivation， the higher glucose and fructose contents but lower sorbitol contents were detected in fruits under RS， resulting in high ratios of sucrose/sorbitol， fructose/sorbitol， glucose/fructose， and glucose/sorbitol. The fruit sweetness value increased by 5%， resulting in enhanced sweetness. This study revealed that peach fruit quality could be improved through RS， with ADA， AT， and ≥24 ℃ GDD identified as the primary contributors. The results of this study provide a theoretical and technical basis for the microclimate regulation in peach cultivation under RS in Southern China.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2757-2768. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2757
This experiment aims to rejuvenate adult trees of various grape varieties through high grafting of Sunshine Muscat. It investigates the comprehensive performance of Sunshine Muscat post-grafting and seeks to provide a scientific basis for the efficient replacement of outdated vineyard varieties. This study investigates six varieties of mature trees for high grafting of Sunshine Muscat. It examines plant growth， fruit habits， fruit quality， and nutrient content. The comprehensive performance of different grafting combinations is evaluated using the TOPSIS method. The results indicated that， in comparison to the self-rooted Sunshine Rose tree， the Xiahei grafted Sunshine Muscat exhibited a vigorous growth potential. Furthermore， the weight of the fruit spikes and the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the fruit were increased. Notably， the Xiahei grafted trees demonstrated the highest soluble sugar content， measuring 18.51%； Liaofeng grafted Sunshine Muscat to enhance the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves and the SPAD value. In contrast， the Flame Nuclear-free and Hutai No.8 grafted trees exhibited smaller fruit spikes and lower yields. The results of the TOPSIS integrated evaluation method indicated that the high-grafted Sunshine Muscat varieties， namely Giant Rose， Xiahei， and Liaofeng， outperformed self-rooted trees. Furthermore， all high-grafted combinations demonstrated superiority over the traditional grafted rootstock Beta， with the exception of the Flame Nuclear-free and Hutai No.8 grafted trees. Additionally， Rosa Rugosa， Xiahei， and Liaofeng renewed grafted Sunshine Muscat displayed good performance in terms of growth， fruit yield， and fruit quality. This suggests that production can be effectively achieved through high grafting of renewed head Sunshine Muscat without the need for tree excavation and replanting. The results of this study provide a foundational basis for the promotion of Sunshine Muscat varieties and the timely updating of older vineyard varieties.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2769-2780. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2769
To investigate the salt tolerance of S. cereale subsp. segetale and establish an efficient and rapid evaluation method for salt tolerance at the seedling stage， three populations with varying salt tolerance （89R54， 89R42， 89R43） were selected. A gradient of saline solutions were prepared by diluting seawater with distilled water to concentrations of 0%， 20%， 30%， 40%， 50%， and 60%. Eleven morphological and physiological-biochemical indicators， including plant height （PH）， root length （RL）， sodium ion （Na+）， potassium ion （K+）， superoxide dismutase activity （SOD）， and peroxidase activity （POD） were measured. A comprehensive salt-tolerance evaluation system and predictive model were constructed using membership function analysis， principal component analysis （PCA）， and stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that significant differences （P<0.05） were observed in multiple indicators under varying salt concentrations. Under 40% salinity， over 60% of the indicators exhibited extreme interquartile ranges in salt tolerance coefficients， identifying 40% as the optimal concentration for seedling-stage evaluation. Multivariate statistical analysis identified three principal factors： osmotic regulation， plant morphological traits， and antioxidant capacity， which were integrated into a comprehensive salt tolerance value （D）. The stepwise regression yielded the following predicted model： D=-0.638+1.032PH+0.806K+ -0.027Na+ -0.46POD. Accordingly， under 40% seawater stress， salt tolerance of S. cereale subsp. segetale during the seedling stage can be rapidly predicted by measuring PH， Na+， K+， and POD. Overall， the salt tolerance followed as 89R54 > 89R42 > 89R43. This study established a simple and effective method for evaluating salt tolerance in S. cereale subsp. segetale at the seedling stage， providing a reliable technical framework and theoretical basis for large-scale evaluations and the breeding new salt-tolerant cultivars.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2025, 39(12): 2781-2794. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.12.2781
With the rapid development of remote sensing technology and artificial intelligence， the low-altitude economy centered on unmanned aerial vehicles （UAV） has emerged as a key force driving the development of modern agriculture， particularly in crop breeding innovation. Traditional crop genetics and breeding has long been hampered by low efficiency in phenotypic identification， which significantly slows the breeding progress. As a new quality productive force， the low-altitude economy empowers genetics and breeding of oilseed crop through UAV-based high-throughput phenotyping. This paper explores the policy context and core technological equipment underlying the low-altitude economy， focusing on the characteristics and application scenarios of different UAV platforms such as multi-rotor and fixed-wing and sensor types， including visible light， multispectral， hyperspectral， and LiDAR. It further analyzes the principles of how UAV-based high-throughput phenotyping technology accelerates traditional breeding and systematically outlines the entire workflow from multi-source data acquisition and standardized processing to artificial intelligence （AI） model analysis. Based on this foundation， the paper reviews literature on the application of these technologies to major oilseed crops like soybean， rapeseed， peanut， sesame， and sunflower， highlighting their use in stress tolerance screening， yield and quality trait assessment， and related gene localization. Finally， the paper discusses current challenges related to cost， flight endurance， data processing， and standardization. It also provides an outlook on future directions， including integrated space-air-ground monitoring， intelligent autonomous systems， and the application of large AI models. This review aims to offer theoretical insights and technical support for intelligent breeding and industrial upgrading of oilseed crops in China.
