Research on the Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on the Yield and Quality of Drip Irrigation Grapes in Extremely Arid Regions

doi:10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2431

Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences ›› 2021, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 2431-2439.DOI: 10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2431

• Isotope Tracer Technique·Ecology and Environment·Physiology • Previous Articles

Research on the Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on the Yield and Quality of Drip Irrigation Grapes in Extremely Arid Regions

WEN Yue(), WANG Zhenhua^*(), LI Wenhao, DING Hongwei

College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000

Received:2020-08-19 Accepted:2020-10-27 Online:2021-10-10 Published:2021-08-04
Contact: WANG Zhenhua

极端干旱区水肥耦合对滴灌葡萄产量和品质的影响研究

温越(), 王振华^*(), 李文昊, 丁宏伟

石河子大学水利建筑工程学院/现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子 832000

通讯作者: 王振华
作者简介:温越,男,主要从事节水灌溉理论研究。E-mail: 17699534686@163.com
基金资助:
兵团重大科技项目(2021AA003);兵团节水灌溉试验计划项目(BTJSSY-201905);兵团科技创新团队项目(2019CB004)

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to establish a coupling evaluation model of physiology-yield-quality effects to drip irrigation grapes in extremely arid regions, four irrigation treatments of Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) of shoot growth stage, flowering stage, berry growth stage and mature stage, one full irrigation (denoted W1, W2, W3, W4 and CK respectively), and 3 fertilization treatments of N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:1:1, 2:2:3, 2:1:2 (denoted as F1, F2 and F3 respectively) were carried out in a complete combination design. And then, the physiology, yield and quality indicators of grapes were analyzed, and the membership function and cluster analysis were used to select the best water and fertilizer treatment. The results showed that water and fertilizer treatments had significant effects on the relative moisture content of leaves in different growth periods of drip irrigation grapes. W1F2 could maintain a high level during the main period of fruit growth; improper use of water and fertilizer would seriously reduce the yield and quality of grapes. The yield of CKF2 was the highest, with a value of 28 003 kg·hm^-2, and W4F2 had no significant difference with CKF2, while W3F3 was 34.29% lower than CKF2; W4F2 had the highest content of reducing sugars, soluble solids and vitamin C, and W3F3 had the highest titratable acid content. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation among the physiology, yield and quality indexes of drip irrigation grapes. Through the combination of membership function and cluster analysis, fifteen water and fertilizer treatments could be divided into five levels, of which two optimal water and fertilizer treatments were regulated deficit irrigation in the shoot growth period and the berry mature period, and used the fertilization ratio of N-P₂O₅-K₂O=235.7 kg·hm^-2-235.7 kg·hm^-2-353.6 kg·hm^-2. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the coupling evaluation of water and fertilizer effects of drip irrigation on grapes in extremely arid regions.

Key words: drip irrigation grape, yield and quality, membership function, cluster analysis

摘要：

为建立极端干旱区滴灌葡萄生理-产量-品质效应的耦合评价模型,本试验设置新梢生长期、花期、浆果生长期、浆果成熟期4个生育期调亏灌溉和1个充分灌溉(分别记为W1、W2、W3、W4、CK),并与N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:1:1、2:2:3、2:1:2(分别记为F1、F2、F3)3个施肥配比进行完全组合设计,对葡萄生理、产量和品质指标进行分析,然后采用隶属函数和聚类分析法择优水肥处理。结果表明,水肥处理对滴灌葡萄不同生育期叶片的相对含水率影响显著,W1F2可以在果实生长的主要时期保持较高水平;水肥使用不当会严重降低葡萄产量和品质,CKF2的产量最高,为28 003 kg·hm^-2,W4F2与之无显著差异,而W3F3较其降低34.29%;W4F2的还原性糖、可溶性固形物和维生素C含量最高,W3F3的可滴定酸含量最高。相关性分析表明,滴灌葡萄生理、产量和品质指标间均呈显著性相关关系。经隶属函数和聚类分析法结合得出,15个水肥处理可分为5个等级,其中2个最优水肥处理分别为在新梢生长期和浆果成熟期进行调亏灌溉,并采用N-P₂O₅-K₂O=235.7 kg·hm^-2-235.7 kg·hm^-2-353.6 kg·hm^-2的施肥配比。本研究为极端干旱区滴灌葡萄水肥效应耦合评价提供了理论指导。

关键词: 滴灌葡萄, 产量品质, 隶属函数, 聚类分析

WEN Yue, WANG Zhenhua, LI Wenhao, DING Hongwei. Research on the Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on the Yield and Quality of Drip Irrigation Grapes in Extremely Arid Regions[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 35(10): 2431-2439.

温越, 王振华, 李文昊, 丁宏伟. 极端干旱区水肥耦合对滴灌葡萄产量和品质的影响研究[J]. 核农学报, 2021, 35(10): 2431-2439.

Figures/Tables 9

References 29

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创刊：1987年
主管部门：农业农村部
主办单位：中国原子能农学会与中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所（前中国农业科学院原子能利用研究所）
ISSN：1000-8551

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土层 Soil depth /cm	土壤类型 Soil types	田间持水量 Field capacity /%	土壤容重 Soil bulk density /(g·cm^-3)	有机质 Organic matter /(g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Available N /(mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P /(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K /(mg·kg^-1)
0~20	砂土	17.50±0.03	1.57±0.04	12.63	125.11	52.20	220.42
20~40	壤砂土	18.28±0.04	1.58±0.02	11.13	90.35	40.88	142.64
40~60	壤砂土	18.16±0.02	1.55±0.04	8.62	76.52	29.89	156.38
60~80	砂土	18.06±0.04	1.59±0.05	7.99	67.13	20.73	197.45

土层 Soil depth /cm	土壤类型 Soil types	田间持水量 Field capacity /%	土壤容重 Soil bulk density /(g·cm^-3)	有机质 Organic matter /(g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Available N /(mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P /(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K /(mg·kg^-1)
0~20	砂土	17.50±0.03	1.57±0.04	12.63	125.11	52.20	220.42
20~40	壤砂土	18.28±0.04	1.58±0.02	11.13	90.35	40.88	142.64
40~60	壤砂土	18.16±0.02	1.55±0.04	8.62	76.52	29.89	156.38
60~80	砂土	18.06±0.04	1.59±0.05	7.99	67.13	20.73	197.45

施肥处理 Fertilizer treatments	肥料种类 Fertilizer types	萌芽期 Germination period	新梢生长期 Shoot growth period	花期 Flowering period	浆果生长期 Berry growth period	浆果成熟期 Berry mature period	施肥总量 Total fertilization amount
F1	N	82.5	82.5	55.0	27.5	27.5	275.0
	P₂O₅	27.5	55.0	55.0	82.5	55.0	275.0
	K₂O	27.5	27.5	27.5	110.0	82.5	275.0
F2	N	70.7	70.7	47.1	23.6	23.6	235.7
	P₂O₅	23.6	47.1	47.1	70.7	47.1	235.7
	K₂O	35.4	35.4	35.4	141.4	106.1	353.6
F3	N	99.0	99.0	66.0	33.0	33.0	330.0
	P₂O₅	16.5	33.0	33.0	49.5	33.0	165.0
	K₂O	33.0	33.0	33.0	132.0	99.0	330.0

施肥处理 Fertilizer treatments	肥料种类 Fertilizer types	萌芽期 Germination period	新梢生长期 Shoot growth period	花期 Flowering period	浆果生长期 Berry growth period	浆果成熟期 Berry mature period	施肥总量 Total fertilization amount
F1	N	82.5	82.5	55.0	27.5	27.5	275.0
	P₂O₅	27.5	55.0	55.0	82.5	55.0	275.0
	K₂O	27.5	27.5	27.5	110.0	82.5	275.0
F2	N	70.7	70.7	47.1	23.6	23.6	235.7
	P₂O₅	23.6	47.1	47.1	70.7	47.1	235.7
	K₂O	35.4	35.4	35.4	141.4	106.1	353.6
F3	N	99.0	99.0	66.0	33.0	33.0	330.0
	P₂O₅	16.5	33.0	33.0	49.5	33.0	165.0
	K₂O	33.0	33.0	33.0	132.0	99.0	330.0

处理 Treatments		产量 Yield /(kg·hm^-2)	还原性糖含量 Reducing sugar content/%	可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solids content/%	可滴定酸含量 Titratable acid content/%	维生素C含量 Vitamin C content /(mg·100g^-1)
W1F1		25 317±287d	20.70±0.18de	21.50±0.28ef	0.484±0.015ef	7.96±0.04f
W1F2		26 676±376c	21.50±0.17bc	22.80±0.23b	0.455±0.021f	8.39±0.01b
W1F3		24 866±204d	20.20±0.30ef	22.50±0.18bc	0.492±0.010ef	8.13±0.08de
W2F1		22 162±184f	18.80±0.12h	18.80±0.14hi	0.535±0.014cde	7.63±0.07h
W2F2		23 828±393e	20.60±0.24de	21.00±0.11fg	0.499±0.005def	7.94±0.02fg
W2F3		22 725±287f	18.20±0.21i	19.40±0.13h	0.580±0.023bc	7.82±0.03g
W3F1		18 656±249h	17.00±0.23j	18.60±0.14i	0.621±0.023ab	7.11±0.11j
W3F2		19 320±191g	19.40±0.51g	20.50±0.21g	0.613±0.015ab	7.41±0.06i
W3F3		18 400±346h	16.40±0.30k	19.20±0.21hi	0.665±0.018a	7.20±0.07j
W4F1		27 449±151ab	20.00±0.35b	21.80±0.34de	0.452±0.011f	8.01±0.06ef
W4F2		27 877±314ab	23.00±0.21a	23.50±0.33a	0.436±0.008f	8.64±0.07a
W4F3		27 315±403b	21.20±0.27cd	22.40±0.06bcd	0.474±0.029ef	8.29±0.02bc
CKF1		27 828±197ab	20.60±0.28de	20.70±0.42g	0.581±0.011bc	7.88±0.06fg
CKF2		28 003±144a	21.00±0.14cd	21.90±0.57cde	0.567±0.017bcd	8.23±0.06cd
CKF3		27 624±322ab	19.90±0.28fg	21.60±0.34ef	0.604±0.007abc	8.00±0.08ef
W1		25 620±942b	20.65±0.70ab	22.27±0.68a	0.477±0.021c	8.16±0.22ab
W2		22 905±847c	19.34±1.27bc	19.73±1.14b	0.538±0.038b	7.80±0.16b
W3		18 792±475d	17.84±1.68c	19.43±0.97b	0.633±0.032a	7.24±0.15c
W4		27 547±294a	22.26±0.88a	22.57±0.86a	0.454±0.021c	8.31±0.32a
CK		27 818±190a	20.60±0.44ab	21.40±0.62a	0.584±0.022b	8.04±0.18ab
F1		24 282±3 867a	19.93±1.96a	20.28±1.50a	0.534±0.074a	7.72±0.37a
F2		25 140±3 662a	21.19±1.24a	21.94±1.24a	0.514±0.068a	8.12±0.47a
F3		24 186±3 798a	19.29±1.85a	21.02±1.61a	0.563±0.082a	7.89±0.42a
双因素方差分析 Two-way analysis of variance	W	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
	F	^**	^*	^*
	W×F	^*	^**	^**	^**	^**

Research on the Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on the Yield and Quality of Drip Irrigation Grapes in Extremely Arid Regions

极端干旱区水肥耦合对滴灌葡萄产量和品质的影响研究

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Figures/Tables 9

References 29

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灌溉处理 Irrigation treatments	各生育期土壤灌水下限Lower limit of soil moisture content of irrigation in each growth period/%
灌溉处理 Irrigation treatments	新梢生长期 Shoot growth period	花期 Flowering period	浆果生长期 Berry growth period	浆果成熟期 Berry mature period
W1	65	75	75	75
W2	75	65	75	75
W3	75	75	65	75
W4	75	75	75	65
CK	75	75	75	75

指标 Indexes	叶片相对含水率 Leaf relative water content	产量 Yield	还原性糖含量 Reducing sugar content	可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solids content	可滴定酸含量 Titratable acid content	维生素C含量 Vitamin C content
叶片相对含水率Leaf relative water content	1
产量Yield	0.807^**	1
还原性糖含量Reducing sugar content	0.819^**	0.858^**	1
可溶性固形物含量Soluble solids content	0.842^**	0.788^**	0.888^**	1
可滴定酸含量Titratable acid content	-0.615^*	-0.635^*	-0.834^**	-0.736^**	1
维生素C含量 Vitamin C content	0.819^**	0.885^**	0.895^**	0.902^**	-0.797^**	1
平均关联度Average relevance	0.534	0.541	0.525	0.537	-0.477	0.540

处理 Treatments	μ(X₁)	μ(X₂)	μ(X₃)	μ(X₄)	μ(X₅)	μ(X₆)	D_i	排名 Ranking
W1F1	0.721	0.720	0.652	0.592	0.790	0.556	0.672	6
W1F2	1.000	0.862	0.773	0.857	0.917	0.837	0.874	2
W1F3	0.547	0.673	0.576	0.796	0.755	0.667	0.669	7
W2F1	0.151	0.392	0.364	0.041	0.568	0.340	0.309	11
W2F2	0.358	0.565	0.636	0.490	0.725	0.542	0.553	10
W2F3	0.117	0.450	0.273	0.163	0.371	0.464	0.306	12
W3F1	0.084	0.027	0.091	0.000	0.192	0.000	0.066	14
W3F2	0.246	0.096	0.455	0.388	0.227	0.196	0.268	13
W3F3	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.122	0.000	0.059	0.030	15
W4F1	0.525	0.942	0.848	0.653	0.930	0.588	0.748	3
W4F2	0.771	0.987	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.960	1
W4F3	0.397	0.928	0.727	0.776	0.834	0.771	0.739	4
CKF1	0.559	0.982	0.636	0.429	0.367	0.503	0.579	9
CKF2	0.883	1.000	0.697	0.673	0.428	0.732	0.736	5
CKF3	0.553	0.961	0.530	0.612	0.266	0.582	0.584	8

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