Effects of Slow-Release Fertilizer Application Stage on Yield and Quality of Spring-Sown Fresh Waxy Maize

doi:10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.09.2136

Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences ›› 2021, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 2136-2144.DOI: 10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.09.2136

• Isotope Tracer Technique·Ecology and Environment·Physiology • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Slow-Release Fertilizer Application Stage on Yield and Quality of Spring-Sown Fresh Waxy Maize

WANG Siyang(), LI Guanghao, LU Weiping, LU Dalei^*()

Agricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009

Received:2020-08-10 Accepted:2020-11-26 Online:2021-09-10 Published:2021-07-22
Contact: LU Dalei

缓释肥施用时期对春播鲜食糯玉米产量和籽粒品质的影响

王思阳(), 李广浩, 陆卫平, 陆大雷^*()

扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州 225009

通讯作者: 陆大雷
作者简介:王思阳,女,主要从事玉米栽培生理研究。E-mail: 347382649@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200703);江苏省现代农业产业技术体系(JATS[2020]444);江苏省自主创新项目(CX[19]3056);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of slow-release fertilizer application stage on the yield and grain quality of fresh waxy maize, the yields of ears and grains, and contents of protein and starch in grains, iodine binding capacity, thermal and pasting properties of Suyunuo 11 under one-time application of slow-release fertilizer at sowing stage (SN15-0), three-leaf stage (SN15-3) and six-leaf stage (SN15-6) were studied, taking conventional fertilization mode (N15CK, basal compound fertilizer + topdressing urea in six-leaf stage) at the same fertilization level and zero fertilization as controls. Results indicated that fertilization increased the yield, the yields of fresh ears and fresh grains of the slow-release fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than that of N15CK. In comparison to SN15-0, the fresh ear yields were increased by 14.0% and 7.4%, and the fresh grain yields were increased by 14.6% and 2.0% for SN15-6 and SN15-3. The contents of starch, soluble sugar and protein in grains of SN15-6 were the highest among all the treatments. Postponing the application stage of slow-release fertilizer reduced the size of starch granules. The starch iodine binding capacity and maximum absorption wavelength of SN15-6 and N15CK were significantly higher than that of other treatments. Fertilization increased pasting and gelatinization (onset, peak, and conclusion) temperatures and decreased retrogradation enthalpy and percentage. The peak, trough, breakdown, and final viscosities of SN15-3 were the highest, whereas the setback viscosity, retrogradation enthalpy and percentage of SN15-6 were the lowest among all the treatments. In spring-sown fresh waxy maize production, postpone the slow-release fertilizer fertilization stage could increase yields of ears and grains, improve the contents of protein, starch and soluble sugar in grains, and reduce the size of starch granules. One-time application of slow-release fertilizer at three-leaf stage could improve grain pasting viscosities, while applying it at six-leaf stage could reduce retrogradation tendency. The results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for green, high-yield, high-quality and simple cultivation of spring-sown fresh waxy maize.

Key words: fresh waxy maize, slow-release fertilizer, fertilization stage, yield, quality

摘要：

为探明缓释肥施用时期对鲜食糯玉米产量和籽粒品质的影响,本研究以苏玉糯11号为材料,在等量施肥条件下,以常规施肥方式(N15CK,基施复合肥+六叶期追施尿素)和不施肥为对照,研究缓释肥于播种期(SN15-0)、三叶期(SN15-3)和六叶期(SN15-6)一次性施用对鲜食糯玉米鲜果穗和鲜籽粒产量,籽粒淀粉和蛋白质含量、碘结合力、热力学特性和糊化特性的影响。结果表明,缓释肥处理的鲜果穗产量和鲜籽粒产量显著高于常规肥处理,且SN15-6和SN15-3的鲜果穗产量分别比SN15-0提高14.0%和7.4%,鲜籽粒产量提高14.6%和2.0%。SN15-6的籽粒中淀粉、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量均显著高于其他处理。缓释肥延后施用使淀粉粒径变小,SN15-6与N15CK的淀粉碘结合力和最大吸收波长显著高于其他处理。与不施肥相比,施肥提高了籽粒淀粉的糊化温度和胶凝温度(起始温度、峰值温度和终值温度),降低了回生热焓值和回生值。其中SN15-3的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、崩解值和终值黏度最高,而SN15-6的回复值、回生热焓值和回生值最低。综上,缓释肥适当延后施用有利于提高鲜食糯玉米产量,增加籽粒中蛋白质、淀粉、可溶性糖含量,降低淀粉平均粒径;另外,三叶期施用可显著提高籽粒糊化黏度,六叶期施用使籽粒回生值显著降低。本研究结果可为春播鲜食糯玉米绿色高产优质轻简栽培提供理论依据与技术支撑。

关键词: 鲜食糯玉米, 缓释肥, 施肥时期, 产量, 品质

WANG Siyang, LI Guanghao, LU Weiping, LU Dalei. Effects of Slow-Release Fertilizer Application Stage on Yield and Quality of Spring-Sown Fresh Waxy Maize[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 35(9): 2136-2144.

王思阳, 李广浩, 陆卫平, 陆大雷. 缓释肥施用时期对春播鲜食糯玉米产量和籽粒品质的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2021, 35(9): 2136-2144.

Figures/Tables 8

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创刊：1987年
主管部门：农业农村部
主办单位：中国原子能农学会与中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所（前中国农业科学院原子能利用研究所）
ISSN：1000-8551

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年份 Year	有机质 Organic matter /(g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N /(g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkali hydrolysable N /(mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P /(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Exchangeable K /(mg·kg^-1)
2018	11.80	0.97	32.12	5.95	61.01
2019	9.16	1.12	29.16	7.36	72.16

年份 Year	有机质 Organic matter /(g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N /(g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkali hydrolysable N /(mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P /(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Exchangeable K /(mg·kg^-1)
2018	11.80	0.97	32.12	5.95	61.01
2019	9.16	1.12	29.16	7.36	72.16

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	峰值黏度 PV/(mPa·s)	谷值黏度 TV/(mPa·s)	崩解值 BD/(mPa·s)	终值黏度 FV/(mPa·s)	回复值 SB/(mPa·s)	糊化温度 P_temp/℃
2018	N0	644ab	577a	55a	790ab	210bc	80.5b
	N15CK	554bc	537a	16b	759b	225b	82.0a
	SN15-0	664ab	648a	10b	931a	284a	81.5ab
	SN15-3	736a	652a	79a	871ab	242b	80.9ab
	SN15-6	427c	414b	8b	595c	176c	81.8ab
2019	N0	310b	139c	171a	198c	87c	77.3c
	N15CK	274b	253bc	15b	371bc	141bc	77.3c
	SN15-0	358b	336b	22b	483b	147b	80.6b
	SN15-3	591a	541a	51b	757a	216a	82.4a
	SN15-6	357b	300b	47b	400bc	83c	77.9c
F值 F-value	年份 Year	40.6^**	89.9^**	4.1	92.5^**	82.1^**	125.2^**
	处理 Treatment	7.3^**	12.2^**	7.6^**	12.1^**	13.8^**	8.6^**
	年份×处理 Year×treatment	2.0	5.5^**	3.3^*	5.7^**	3.5^*	7.7^**

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	峰值黏度 PV/(mPa·s)	谷值黏度 TV/(mPa·s)	崩解值 BD/(mPa·s)	终值黏度 FV/(mPa·s)	回复值 SB/(mPa·s)	糊化温度 P_temp/℃
2018	N0	644ab	577a	55a	790ab	210bc	80.5b
	N15CK	554bc	537a	16b	759b	225b	82.0a
	SN15-0	664ab	648a	10b	931a	284a	81.5ab
	SN15-3	736a	652a	79a	871ab	242b	80.9ab
	SN15-6	427c	414b	8b	595c	176c	81.8ab
2019	N0	310b	139c	171a	198c	87c	77.3c
	N15CK	274b	253bc	15b	371bc	141bc	77.3c
	SN15-0	358b	336b	22b	483b	147b	80.6b
	SN15-3	591a	541a	51b	757a	216a	82.4a
	SN15-6	357b	300b	47b	400bc	83c	77.9c
F值 F-value	年份 Year	40.6^**	89.9^**	4.1	92.5^**	82.1^**	125.2^**
	处理 Treatment	7.3^**	12.2^**	7.6^**	12.1^**	13.8^**	8.6^**
	年份×处理 Year×treatment	2.0	5.5^**	3.3^*	5.7^**	3.5^*	7.7^**

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	热焓值 ΔH_gel/(J·g^-1)	起始温度 T_o/℃	峰值温度 T_p/℃	终值温度 T_c/℃	回生热焓值 ΔH_ret/(J·g^-1)	回生值 R/%
2018	N0	8.30b	70.7d	76.4c	82.6d	3.15a	41.8a
	N15CK	8.83a	73.3a	78.9ab	85.6ab	2.29c	32.0b
	SN15-0	8.75a	72bc	78.1b	84.2c	2.62bc	33.0b
	SN15-3	8.73a	71.6cd	78.2ab	84.8bc	2.98ab	33.2b
	SN15-6	8.97a	73.1ab	79.2a	86.2a	2.25c	31.7b
2019	N0	8.17b	70.5c	75.9b	82.7c	3.30a	41.5a
	N15CK	8.92a	72.9a	78.8a	85.2ab	2.46bc	33.0bc
	SN15-0	8.47ab	71.8b	78.4a	84.3b	2.55b	34.4b
	SN15-3	8.68a	71.7b	78.1a	84.3b	2.49b	34.2b
	SN15-6	8.98a	72.9a	78.8a	85.5a	2.27c	31.7c
F值 F-value	年份	0.8	0.6	0.6	1.3	0.3	3.6
	处理	8.9^**	20.7^**	31.8^**	22.7^**	20.2^**	131.8^**
	年份×处理	0.5	0.2	0.7	0.5	2.6	1.0

Effects of Slow-Release Fertilizer Application Stage on Yield and Quality of Spring-Sown Fresh Waxy Maize

缓释肥施用时期对春播鲜食糯玉米产量和籽粒品质的影响

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指标 Index	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	淀粉含量 Starch content	蛋白质含量 Protein content	最大吸收波长 λ_max	碘结合力 Iodine binding capacity	平均粒径 Starch granule size	热焓值 ΔH_gel	峰值温度 T_p	回生值 R	峰值黏度 FV	崩解值 BD	回复值 SB
淀粉含量 Starch content	0.84^**
蛋白质含量 Protein content	0.87^**	0.94^**
最大吸收波长 λ_max	0.90^**	0.92^**	0.86^**
碘结合力 Iodine binding capacity	0.79^**	0.70^*	0.59	0.84^**
平均粒径 Starch granule size	-0.02	0.0	-0.2	0.23	-0.11
热焓值 Δ H_gel	0.92^**	0.87^**	0.84^**	0.91^**	0.82^**	0.17
峰值温度 T_p	0.93^**	0.93^**	0.87^**	0.97^**	0.84^**	-0.62	0.91^**
回生值 R	-0.92^**	-0.87^**	-0.79^**	-0.98^**	-0.88^**	0.21	-0.92^**	-0.97^**
峰值黏度 FV	0.05	-0.41	-0.39	-0.14	0.06	-0.86^*	-0.04	-0.1	0
崩解值 BD	-0.81^*	-0.63^*	-0.64^*	-0.68^*	-0.66^*	-0.08	-0.69^*	-0.79^**	-0.70^*	-0.12
回复值 SB	0.2	-0.24	-0.26	0.07	0.32	0.77^*	0.12	0.12	-0.2	0.88^**	-0.27
糊化温度 P_temp	0.31	-0.03	0.05	0.25	0.38	-0.72	0.15	0.29	-0.3	0.71^*	-0.14	0.79^**

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