Abstract: In order to explore the cultivation effect of plateau summer vegetables in semi-arid areas under different surface cover methods, taking loose-curd cauliflower as experimental material. There were five treatments: open field without covering (CK1), plastic film covering (CK2), plastic film + straw covering (T1), straw inter row covering (T2) and whole straw mulching (T3). The effects of different mulching methods on soil temperature, yield and water use efficiency of loose-curd cauliflower were studied. The results showed that: compared with open field without covering, plastic film + straw covering treatment significantly increased the plant height, stem thickness and leaf area of loose-curd cauliflower, however there was no significant difference among plastic film covering; straw inter row covering and whole straw mulching treatments inhibited the vegetative growth of loose-curd cauliflower plants. Compared with open field without covering, the plastic film + straw covering treatment had obvious warming effect, and the maximum increase in temperature of T1 treatment occurred in the 10 cm soil layer of the spring stubble test rosette stage and the 5 cm soil layer of the autumn stubble test seedling stage. Both straw inter row covering and whole straw mulching treatments had dual effects on increasing and decreasing temperature to varying degrees. Compared with plastic film covering, plastic film + straw covering treatment could achieve the effect of plastic film mulching on soil temperature. Meanwhile, in autumn stubble experiment, plastic film + straw covering treatment had a significant effect on increasing temperature, the soil temperature of 5 cm and 10 cm increased by 2.5℃ and 1.8℃ in the seedling stage, which as more conductive to the growth and development of loose-curd cauliflower seedings. And straw inter row covering and whole straw mulching treatments showed cooling effect at each growth stage and soil layer, and whole straw mulching treatment had the most obvious cooling effect. Compared with the open field without mulching and plastic film mulching, in the spring stubble experiment, the biological output of plastic film + straw inter row mulching treatment increased by 32.3% and 2.7%, economic output increased by 68.9% and 4.7%, water saving increased by 29.0% and 7.3%, and water use efficiency increased by 137.8% and 13.1%, respectively; In the autumn stubble experiment, biological yield increased by 4.7% and 2.4%, economic yield increased by 27.8% and 8.4%, water saving increased by 23.8% and 11.1%, and water use efficiency increased by 67.2% and 21.9%, respectively. Comprehensive analysis showed that plastic film + straw covering treatment had a good effect on temperature regulation, moisture retention, significant increase in production and efficiency, which was more advantageous than mulch planting in Yuzhong area.

Key words: straw mulching, soil temperature, yield, water use efficiency, loose-curd cauliflower

摘要： 为探索不同地表覆盖方式下半干旱地区露地高原夏菜的栽培效果,以松花菜(Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)为研究对象,设露地无覆盖(CK1)、地膜覆盖(CK2)、地膜+秸秆行间覆盖(T1)、秸秆行间覆盖(T2)和秸秆全覆盖(T3)5个处理,研究不同地表覆盖方式对松花菜土壤温度、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,地膜+秸秆行间覆盖与露地无覆盖相比,显著促进了松花菜株高、茎粗和叶面积的增加,但总体与地膜覆盖无显著差异;秸秆行间覆盖和秸秆全覆盖处理抑制了松花菜植株的营养生长。与露地无覆盖相比,地膜+秸秆行间覆盖具有明显的增温效果,且最大增温幅度出现在春茬试验莲座期10 cm土层和秋茬试验苗期5 cm土层,秸秆行间覆盖和秸秆全覆盖处理都不同程度地存在增温和降温双重效应。与地膜覆盖相比,地膜+秸秆行间覆盖处理对土壤温度的调控均能达到地膜覆盖的效果,且在秋茬试验中,地膜+秸秆行间覆盖处理在苗期5 cm和10 cm土层温度分别升高2.5℃和1.8℃,更有利于松花菜幼苗的生长发育,秸秆行间覆盖和秸秆全覆盖处理在两茬试验各生育期、各土层均表现为降温效应,且秸秆全覆盖处理降温效果最明显。与露地无覆盖、地膜覆盖相比,春茬试验,地膜+秸秆行间覆盖处理生物产量分别提高32.3%、2.7%,经济产量分别提高68.9%、4.7%,分别节水29.0%、7.3%,水分利用效率分别提高137.8%、13.1%;秋茬试验,生物产量分别提高4.7%、2.4%,经济产量分别提高27.6%、8.4%,分别节水23.8%、11.1%,水分利用效率分别提高67.2%、21.9%。综上,地膜+秸秆行间覆盖处理具有良好的调温保墒作用,增产增效显著,较地膜覆盖种植在榆中地区更具优越性。

关键词: 秸秆覆盖, 土壤温度, 产量, 水分利用效率, 松花菜