Abstract: To address the ecological pollution caused by the residue of traditional Chinese medicine with health function and to explore the feasibility of using such residue as substrates, the compound substrate was formulated by Chinese medicine residue and cow dung, in a volume ratio of 5:0 (T1), 4:1 (T2), 3:2 (T3), 2:3 (T4), respectively, with commercially available finished coconut bran substrate as a control (CK), and the tomatoes during autumn and winter in this test were planted in substrate bags. This test was aimed at studying the effect of Chinese medicine residue compound substrate on tomatoes and the analysis results were examined through principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that in the principal component analysis of different indicators of tomatoes, the performance excellence of all substrate formulas followed the order of T2 > T1 > CK > T3 > T4. Based on compound substrates and tomato indicators, these five formulas can be classified into three categories: the first type was CK- the fine type; the second type was the improved type- T1 and T2; the third type, T3 and T4 were medium type. In summary, the fruit yield of T2 presented no evident difference with the yield of CK, with a total yield of 3 435 g, guaranteeing the fruit yield. In addition, the content of lycopene, total flavonoids, vitamin C(Vc), soluble protein in T2 fruits was higher than that of CK with a respective increase of 281%, 8%, 98% and 54%, indicating the significantly improved health benefits of fruits. Therefore, the T2 formula was recommended, for the development of low-cost organic substrate formula and high quality cultivation of greenhouse tomatoes. The results of this study can not only solve the ecological pollution by recycling such Chinese medicine residue as substrates, but also provide technical guidance for high quality substrate-bag planting of greenhouse vegetables.

Key words: Chinese medicine residue, tomato, substrate formula, principal component analysis

摘要： 为解决保健功能型类中药渣带来的生态污染问题,探讨该类药渣作为栽培基质资源化利用的可行性,本试验将中药渣与牛粪分别按5∶0(T1)、4∶1(T2)、3∶2(T3)、2∶3(T4)的体积比配制成4种复合基质,并以市售成品椰糠基质作为对照(CK),采用基质袋培的方式种植秋冬茬番茄,分析中药渣复合基质对番茄的影响,并采用主成分分析和聚类分析对各基质配方进行评价。结果表明,以测定的番茄各指标作主成分分析时,各基质配方的优劣顺序为T2>T1>CK>T3>T4,此外,当综合基质及番茄指标作为归类依据时,这5个配方可以归为3类:第1类CK(良好型)、第2类T1、T2(改良型)、第3类T3、T4(中等型)。综合来看,T2的每株果实产量与CK相比无显著性差异,可达3 435 g,保证了果实产量,且其果实品质包括番茄红素、总黄酮、维生素C(Vc)、可溶性蛋白含量均高于CK,分别能提高281%、8%、98%、54%,改善了果实的保健功效,因此,建议选用药渣与牛粪体积比为4∶1的基质复合配方,用于低成本有机基质配方的开发以及设施番茄高品质栽培。本研究结果不仅可以实现大量保健功能型类中药渣的基质化再利用,解决生态污染问题,还可以为我国设施蔬菜基质袋化高品质栽培提供技术指导。

关键词: 中药渣, 番茄, 基质配方, 主成分分析