Abstract: In order to explore high-efficient fertilization modes and mechanism of increasing yield and efficiency of sulfur coated urea on wheat in rice-wheat continuous cropping system, springness wheat yangmai23 was used as the material, and five fertilization modes were designed with sulfur-coated urea (SCU) and common urea (U). They were 100% SCU as base fertilizer (M1), 60% SCU as base fertilizer,40% U as jointing fertilizer (M2), 60% SCU as base fertilizer, 40% SCU as reviving fertilizer (M3), 40% SCU and 20% U as base fertilizer, 30% SCU and 10% U as reviving fertilizer (M4). The conventional fertilization mode recommended in production (100%urea, basal: tillering: jointing: booting: as 50%: 10%: 20%: 20%) was set as a control (CK). The effects of different modes on population quality, yield compositions and nitrogen efficiency of wheat were investigated. The results showed that, at the same nitrogen usage, the yield of one-off application SCU was slightly lower than that of the control, but the difference was not significant. The yield of the modes with twice fertilization was significantly higher than that of the control, with an average increase of 6.00%~12.03% in two years. The M3 mode had the highest grain yield in two years, up to 8185.96 kg·hm^-2 and 9451.10 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves at the milk maturity stage in the modes with twice fertilization were higher, which were beneficial to delay the senescence of the post-anthesis leaves, improve the photosynthetic production capacity, and promote the filling of the grains. Nitrogen use efficiency of the modes with twice fertilization was significantly higher than that of the control with an average increase of 4.16%~10.59% in two years. Moreover, the increase in output value brought by the modes with twice fertilization was higher than the increase in fertilizer costs. Therefore, the modes with twice fertilization are high-yield and high-efficiency fertilization methods, which have achieved different degrees of increase in yield and income. In order to pursue the maximization of yield and benefit, the fertilization mode of 60% SCU applied while sowing, 40% SCU applied while reviving is recommended in wheat production. The findings will be helpful to promote the wide application of SCU, promote high yield and efficiency of wheat and simplify cost-saving cultivation.

Key words: sulfur coated urea, winter wheat following rice, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, benefit

摘要： 为探究稻麦复种连作系统中硫包膜尿素在小麦上的高效施肥模式及其增产增效机制,以春性冬小麦扬麦23为材料,采用含氮35%硫包膜尿素(SCU)和含氮46.3%普通尿素(U)设计5种施肥模式:100%SCU全部基施(M1);60% SCU基施,40%U拔节期追施(M2);60%SCU基施,40%SCU返青期追施(M3);40%SCU+20%U基施,30%SCU+10%U返青期追施(M4),并以生产中推荐的常规施肥模式(全部为尿素,基肥:分蘖肥:拔节肥:孕穗肥分别为50%:10%:20%:20%)为对照(CK),分析等施氮量条件下不同施肥模式对稻茬冬小麦群体质量、产量构成、氮肥利用率等的调控效应。结果表明,硫包膜尿素一次基施模式(M1)产量略低于CK但差异不显著;两次施肥模式(M2、M3、M4)的产量显著高于CK,两年度分别平均增产10.71%和7.85%,其中M3两年度产量均最高,分别达8 185.96和9 451.10 kg·hm^-2。 两次施肥模式在乳熟期仍有较高的旗叶SPAD值和净光合速率,有利于延缓花后旗叶衰老,提高花后旗叶光合生产能力,促进籽粒灌浆充实。两次施肥模式的氮肥利用率显著高于CK,两年度平均增幅分别为5.37和2.19个百分点;且两次施肥增产带来的效益远高于肥料成本的增加。综上,两次施肥模式均实现了不同程度的增产增收,是高产高效的施肥方式。为追求产量和效益的最大化,生产上推荐采用硫包膜尿素60%基施,40%返青期追施的施肥模式。本研究为推动硫包膜尿素的广泛应用、促进小麦高产高效、简化节本栽培等方面提供了科学依据。

关键词: 硫包膜尿素, 稻茬冬小麦, 产量, 氮肥利用率, 效益