10 September 2022, Volume 36 Issue 9
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1701-1706. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1701
In order to explore biological effects of 60Co-γ ray radiation on Medicago polymorpha seeds, in this study, dried seeds of Medicago polymorpha were treated with different doses (0, 400, 600, 800, 1 000 and 1 200 Gy). The germination rate, plant survival rate, seedling height, number of branches, number of flowers and number of pods were measured, and the semi-lethal dose (LD50) of dried seeds was calculated by linear regression equation. The results showed that radiation dose of 400 Gy could significantly increase the germination rate of Medicago polymorpha seeds, while with the increase of radiation dose(400~1 200 Gy), the germination rate decreased. The radiation dose was significantly negatively correlated with survival rate, seedling plant height and number of branches; Low dose (≤600 Gy) could promote seed germination, plant growth and pods yield of bur clover, while high dose (>600 Gy) inhibited growth and fruiting of Medicago polymorpha seeds; and the semi-lethal dose of radiation to dried seeds of Medicago polymorpha was 580 Gy. This research provides a reference for mutation breeding of Medicago polymorpha.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1707-1712. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1707
In order to screen the pomegranate varieties resistant to branch rot and to identify the disease-causing pathogen, the resistance evaluation of 20 main pomegranate varieties from Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province was conducted. The pathogens were isolated using a tissue isolation method and chatacterized based on the morphology, pathogenicity testing, and the molecular approaches. With the combination of morphological observation, molecular biology and pathogenicity testing evidences, the pathogens causing pomegranate branch rot were identified as Diaporthe eres. The pomegranate cultivar Baipisuan and Biliu were near-immune; Daqingpi, Qiuyan, GangliuⅠ,Damaya,Yichengsanbai, Bingtangzi and Heimeiren were resistant; Zaozhuangmanao, Moshiliu, Jiuzhouhong, Qingpiruanzi, Zaozhuangruanren andHuangjinliu were intermediate resistant; Guanliu, Xiehuatian and Hongpimaya were susceptible; while Dahongpao and Taishanhong were highly susceptible to D. eres infection. These near-immune and resistant pomegranate varieties can be used for breeding of new resistant pomegranate cultivars and the improvement of pomegranate germplasm resource in future. In summary, this study provides a clue for the understanding of disease resistance mechanism in pomegranate and lays a basis for systematic control of pomegranate branch rot in Shandong Province.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1713-1722. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1713
Nine-cis-epoxy carotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), key rate-limiting enzymes responsible for biosynthesis of abscisic acid, are demonstrated to be essential for plant growth, development and abiotic stress response. In order to identify drought-related NCEDs in cotton and lay a foundation for breeding drought resistant cotton varieties, GaNCED3 gene was cloned and its expression profile under drought stress was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Moreover, function analysis of GaNCED3 was performed with the transgenic Arabidopsis under drought stress was performed in this study. The results showed that the ORF of GaNCED3 was 1 794 bp in length and it coded 597 amino acids. The expression of GaNCED3 was up-regulated under drought stress, with a maximum 27.6-fold increase in roots after treated for 3 h. Under mannitol simulated drought stress, the seed germination rate and green plantlet rate of transgenic Arabidopsis were higher than those of wild type. Under natural drought stress at seedling stage, the malondialdehyde content in leaves of transgenic plants was significantly lower than that of control (P<0.05), while free proline content was significantly higher than that of control (P<0.05). This study preliminarily proved that exogenous overexpression of GaNCED3 gene enhanced the drought resistance of plants. The results laid a theoretical basis for further study on the molecular mechanism of GaNCED3 involved in drought response, and provided candidate gene resources for drought resistance breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1723-1737. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1723
To identify the GRAS gene family and analysis gene expression levels under exogenous hormones and abiotic stresses treatment in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of GRAS genes by bioinformatics method, analyzed the expression pattern under four hormones and two abiotic stresses with qRT-PCR, and developed molecular markers of SiGRAS23 based on the sequence differences. The results showed that there were 52 members of GRAS transcription factors in the whole genome of foxtail millet, the putative proteins are 362 to 734 AA in length with molecular weight from 39.81 to 100.09 kD and the isoelectric point from 4.85 to 9.53, most of them are hydrophilic proteins and 82.69% of them are acidic proteins. SiGRAS transcription factors were divided into ten subfamilies. Heatmap of FPKM values showed that the genes of each subgroup had obvious tissue expression specificity. The LISCL, DELLA and SHR subfamily genes have higher expression levels in leaves, stems and roots, respectively. PAT1 and HAM subfamily genes express in constitutive patterns, with the highest expression levels in leaves. The promoter region contains a variety of cis-acting elements responded to plant hormones and stress response. The gene expression levels were diverse even among members of the same subfamily under different hormones and abiotic stresses. Among them, seita.2g369400, belonging to PAT1 subfamily, was the most sensitive to six different treatments, while the expression level of some genes was very low in various tissues and organs, and hormones and abiotic stresses treatments. There were some differences in the gene sequence of SiGRAS23 between Aininghuang and Jingu 21, which are the parents of AJF5 genetic population. The marker D8-1 developed with SiGRAS23 was closely linked with plant height. This study laid a foundation for analyzing the functions of SiGRASs involved in hormone signal transduction and stress response. The molecular marker developed by SiGRAS23 can be used to select variations in plant height of foxtail millet germplasm in the future.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1738-1745. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1738
To investigate the function of copper amine oxidase (CuAO) during peach fruit ripening, Huangshuimi peach was treated with 1 mmol·L-1, 5 mmol·L-1 and 10 mmol·L-1 aminoguanidine (AG, CuAO inhibitor), respectively, and the firmness of fruits was measured after harvest. The result showed that the firmness of peach fruit was significantly increased after AG treatment, especially under the treatment of 5 mmol·L-1AG. So, 5 mmol·L-1AG was used for further treatment and the fruit quality traits were detected. The result showed the fruit firmness under AG treatment was significantly increased while the ethylene release and respiration rate of peach fruit were significantly decreased compared to the control during the first 7 d of storage. Gene expression analysis showed the transcription level of genes related to ethylene synthesis, IAA transport and cell wall-degrading including PpACO1, PpACS, PpPIN1, PpGH3.3, PpPG and PpPME1 under AG treatment were significantly decreased compared to the control. In order to further investigate the function of CuAO during peach ripening, the virus induced gene silence technique (VIGS) was performed to knock down PpCuAO4, a key gene involved in Put catabolism. The mRNA level of PpCuAO4 in transgenic fruit was only 18% of the control. In addition, the free content of putrescine (Put) in transgenic fruit was significantly increased compared to the control. The firmness of transgenic fruit was significantly increased while the ethylene release and respiration rate were dramatically decreased compared to the control. Our results suggested that PpCuAO4 accelerated the peach fruit ripening by mediating Put catabolism. Our study provides an important theoretical basis for further investigating the function of polyamine during fruit ripening.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1746-1754. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1746
Lipid droplet envelope protein 3 (Plin3) and lipid droplet envelope protein 5 (Plin5) are members of the PAT protein family and have important roles in lipid droplet synthesis.To investigate the sequence and expression characteristics of Plin3 and Plin5 in landraces, we used PCR technology to clone and bioinformatics analysis to characterize the sequence characteristics of this two genes. After that, we used real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR to detect their expression characteristics in 11 different tissues of ladraces. The results showed that the full length of Plin3 sequence was 1 403 bp and the full length of Plin5 was 1 397 bp. The secondary structures of both proteins were mainly α-helical, followed by irregularly coiled,without transmembrane structure and signal peptide structure, but multiple phosphorylation sites. The expression levels of both genes in different tissues detected by RT-PCR showed that Plin3 was expressed in 11 tissues of landraces. This paper provides a theoretical basis for further studying the mechanism of Plin3 and Plin5 in fat deposition in landraces.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1755-1765. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1755
In this experiment, in order to explore the effect of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) combined with palygorsk(PAL) on improving the resistance of plants, Poa pratensis Nassau (Poa pratensis Nassau), 2,3-BD-PAL and Rhizoctonia solani were used as the test material compound inducer and inoculate pathogens respectively. Through analyzing the cell wall composition and cell wall enzyme activities status in the plant leaves after uninduced inoculation, 2,3-BD induced inoculation and 2,3-BD-PAL compound induced inoculation. The results showed that under pathogen stress, the activities of cellulose(Cx), β-glucosidase(β-Glu), filter paper en-zyme(FPA), pectin methyl-galacturonase(PMG) and polygalacturonase(PG) in leaves of treatment group were significantly increased, while the activities of polygalacturonic acid transeliminase(PGTE) and pectin methyl transeliminase(PMTE) did not change significantly. Among them, Cx plays a major role in degradation. Under stress for 3 days, the enzyme activities of Cx, β-Glu and PG in leaves of uninduced increased rapidly to the maximum value, but the increase of enzyme activities was effectively inhibited by induction treatment. After induction treatment with 2,3-BD-PAL, Poa pratensis can stabilize the cellulose content, efficiently promote pectin synthesis and lignin accumulation, inhibited the invasion of hyphae, and reduced the damage to the cell wall by degrading enzymes such as Cx, β-Glu and PG was to a greater extent, and its induction effect was better than that induced by 2,3-BD alone. In conclusion, the compound induction of 2,3-BD and PAL can enhance the induction effect of 2,3-BD and improve plant disease resistance, laying a theoretical foundation for its broad spectrum application in agricultural production.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1766-1774. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1766
To explore the effect of salinity on the growth, fatty acid composition and bacteria community associated with Isochrysis zhanjiangensis, the algal cells were semi-continuously cultured with four salinities (12, 18, 24 and 30). After reaching the stable growth state, the cell density (OD750), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, fatty acid composition, and bacteria community were analyzed. The results indicated that the higher cell density, Fv/Fm, and F'v/F'm were obtained at salinity 18~24. There were no significant differences among the fatty acid compositions under salinity 12, 18 and 24. The saturated fatty acids under salinity 30 were significantly higher, while unsaturated fatty acids were significantly lower than that in other three groups. Overall, the salinity at 18~24 was more beneficial to its growth and UFA accumulation in I. zhanjiangensis. The bacteria community was analyzed by 16S rDNA amplification sequencing. It was speculated that the diversity of bacteria community at salinity 12 was significantly higher than others according to Chao1, ACE, and Shannon indexes. PCoA analysis indicated that the compositions of bacteria community were similar among groups with salinity 18, 24 and 30, significantly different from that with salinity 12. Further analysis showed that Proteobacteria (92.70%) was the dominant phylum at salinity 12, with the largest proportion of genus Brevundimonas. The dominant phylum at salinity 18, 24 and 30 were phylum Cyanobacteria, accounting for 97.63%, 97.41% and 93.51%, respectively, demonstrating that “salinity 12” and “salinity greater than or equal to 18” were two distinct environments for I. zhanjiangensis, which would drastically affect the composition of bacteria community. This study will provide data for optimizing the cultivation scheme of I. zhanjiangensis and lay the foundation for in-depth studies of the effect of salinity on the bacteria community.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1775-1788. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1775
Alternaria brassicae seriously affects the production of Radish (Raphanus sativus). Exogenously application of MT eases the disease development of plant, however, MT widely exists in both plant and microbes, how it effects plant-pathogen interaction is still unclear yet. In this study, 0~1 500 μmol·L-1 melatonin was applied to the radish infected by black leaf spot diseased radish to detect the changes of disease index. Meanwhile, Dual RNA-seq was used to analyze the transcriptional changes of radish and A. brassicae with 0, 500 and 1 500 μmol·L-1 of melatonin. Aiming to elucidate the physiology and genome wide transcription mechanism of melatonin in regulating the interaction of radish and A. brassicae in diseased leaves. The results revealed that 0~500 μM of melatonin could significantly improve the growth and stress-resistance of both radish and fungi, espacially 500 μmol·L-1, while 1 000 and 1 500 μmol·L-1 melatonin showed lower efficiency, which indicated that the effects of melatonin were dosage-dependent. However, 500 μmol·L-1 of melatonin could obviously enhance the resistance of radish to A. brassicae. The read ratio of radish genome detected by Dual RNA-Seq was > 88%, and the read ratio of A. brassicae was ≤ 0.06%. The number of DEGs of radish was remarkably higher than that of A. brassicae. The expression patterns of DEGs related to growth and stress resistance regulation of radish and A. brassicae were verified, which were basically consistent with the phenotype. The above results proved that melatonin mediated the interaction of radish and A. brassicae in a dose-dependent manner with low concentration promotion and high concentration inhibition. A total of 500 μmol·L-1 of melatonin can promote the growth of both radish and A. brassicae. But since the biomass of radish was significantly larger than that of A. brassicae, the effects of melatonin on the host were greater than that on the pathogen, and the resistance of radish to A. brassicae was improved finally. This study provided data support and theoretical basis for the application of melatonin in inhibiting radish black leaf spot, and the working mode of melatonin involved in the regulation of radish resistance to A. brassicae at the transcriptional level was preliminarily analyzed.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1789-1796. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1789
To investigate the effects of high-energy electron beam irradiation onRheum palmatumL., the original decoction pieces of Rheum palmatum L. produced in Sichuan were used as experimental materials, and the untreated group and the sulfur fumigation group were used as controls to study the effects of 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15 and 25 kGy electron beam irradiation on the number of microorganisms, physical and chemical properties, active ingredients, and antioxidant activity of Rheum palmatum L.. The results show that high-energy electron beam irradiation can significantly reduce the number of microorganisms in decoction pieces of Rheum palmatum L. and the dose of 3~5 kGy irradiation reduce the number of microorganisms below the detection limit, and the doses of ≥ 7 kGy can achieve complete sterilization. Irradiation is no significant effect on the dry weight loss and total ash content of Rheum palmatum L. The content of water extract increases significantly, and the content of five anthraquinones slightly increases. During storage, the content of water extract and active ingredients of Rheum palmatum L. decreased significantly, and the irradiation treatment can maintain the quality of Rheum palmatumL. better than the control. The results show that 3~5 kGy can effectively sterilize the microorganisms in Rheum palmatum L., which is suitable for short-term (about 180 d) storage after irradiation. The 7~10 kGy irradiation treatment can keep the microbial content at a low level during the storage period of one year, and shows a better maintenance effect on the content of its active ingredients than other treatments, which is suitable for long-term (about 360 d) storage. This study provides a theoretical reference for the processing and storage of Rheum palmatum L. and its preparations by high-energy electron beam irradiation.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1797-1804. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1797
Tibet tea has distinguished plateau quality characteristics, which is one of the high value agricultural products of Tibet. To explore the characteristics of stable isotopes in Tibet tea and its relationship with the climate environment, this study collected tea samples from Tibet with different altitudes and from main producing area in China. Stable isotope ratios (δ13C、δ15N、δ2H、δ18O) of tea samples were analyzed, while environment climate information were collected from each sampling site. The relationship between tea isotope characteristics and environment climate variables were built using partial least squares (PLS). The results showed that δ13C values in Tibet tea were -31.9‰ ~ -27.8‰, decreasing with elevation. The δ13C in Tibet tea were significant lower than samples from other main producing area (P<0.01), associating with sunshine duration and temperature in the sampling month. There were no significant differences of δ15N values between Tibet tea and samples from other main producing area, and the correlation between δ15N and climate variables was weak. The range of δ2H was -111.5‰ ~ -40.5‰, and the correlation with climate variables was most strong among the isotopes investigated. The δ2H values was effect by various factors such as relative humidity. The δ18O values were 22.2‰ ~ 27.6‰, relating closely with temperature. The present study could provide new research idea for the exploring of origin characteristics in Tibet tea, which also could supply theoretical basis for the brand protection of Tibet tea.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1805-1814. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1805
The contribution of various small molecular sugars to the textural properties of freeze-dried (FD) fruits and vegetables is investigated in this study to explore the possibility of sucrose replacement. The pectin-cellulose aerogel systems with porous scaffolds carrying 11 small molecular sugars were established to simulate the natural network structure of FD fruits and vegetables. The microstructure, textural properties, hygroscopicity and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of FD aerogels were studied. The results showed that the hardness of aerogels with fructose, stachyose and maltitol was significantly higher than that of sucrose, while the hardness of trehalose and isomaltooligosaccharide aerogels was significantly lower than that of sucrose. Only fructose treatment exhibited a significantly higher crispness than sucrose among all the samples; the fructooligosaccharide aerogels shared the similar appearance, texture and hygroscopicity of sucrose samples, but with a higher Tg. Therefore, fructooligosaccharide could be regarded as a promising substitute for sucrose in the industrial production of FD fruits and vegetable. This study also confirmed that small molecule sugar is one of the determinants of the hardness and crispness in pectin-cellulose aerogels, providing a theoretical basis for the selection of small molecular sugars in the process of FD fruits and vegetables production.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1815-1825. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1815
To explore the effect of MAP combined with cold plasma treatment on the quality and shelf life of meatballs, the control group (plastic bag), MAP group (40%CO2+60%N2), and MAP (40%CO2+60%N2) combined with different cold plasma treatments time groups (MAP-3 min group, MAP-6 min group and MAP-9 min group, respectively) were set up. The effect of MAP combined with different cold plasma treatment on the preservation of meatballs was analyzed through sensory evaluation, total viable counts, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other indicators. Results showed that under the coordinated treatment of MAP and cold plasma, the initial microorganism of meatballs was significantly reduced by 0.70~1.56 log CFU·g-1 and the increase of TVB-N value and lipid oxidation of meatballs during storage were effectively slowed down. GC-IMS results showed that on the 0d after plasma treatment, the amount of volatile organic compounds such as heptanol, 1-hexanol, 1-propanol, 2-decanone and normal compounds increased, which may be related to lipid oxidation. The volatile organic compounds, such as 2-hexanone, 2-butanone, limonene, styrene, 2-methyl-pyrazine and octamethytrisiloxane, increased significantly in the spoilage of meatballs, which may be the main components of spoilage odor of meatballs. Compared with the control group and other treatment, both MAP-6 min and MAP-9 min treatments could prolong the shelf life of maetballs by 7 d, and there were no significant differences in microorganism, TVB-N, TBARS and other quality indicators between MAP-6 min and MAP-9 min groups during storage. Based on various indicators and energy costs, MAP combined with cold plasma treatment for 6 min could significantly inhibit the growth of microorganisms while maintaining the quality of meatballs, and extending the shelf life to 14 d, which provides a technique support for the development of new fresh-keeping technology of Chinese prepared meatball products.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1826-1833. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1826
To explore the effects of nitric oxide (NO) treatment on chilling injury and respiration of peach fruit during cold storage, Yingshuanghong peach fruit was used as the experimental material and treated with different concentrations of NO (0, 5, 10 and 15 μL·L-1). The quality-related indicators were investigated, including chilling injury index, firmness, respiration rate and enzymes activities of respiratory pathway metabolism. The results showed that 10 μL·L-1 NO treatment significantly reduced chilling injury index, respiration rate (P<0.05), and maintained the firmness of peach fruits, and enabled peach fruit to soften and ripen normally. At the same time, 10 μL·L-1 NO treatment significantly inhibited the activities of glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome oxidase (COX) in peach fruits (P<0.05), which then alleviated the increase of respiration rate and the ripening and senescence of fruits. The total activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH) and the activity of alternative oxidase (AOX) were induced by NO treatment, which can enhance cold tolerance and reduce the chilling injury of peach fruits. This study could provide theoretical basis for the practical application of NO in peach fruit storage and preservation.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1834-1840. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1834
To further investigate the effect of light on brown mycelium film formation of Lentinula edodes, experiment were conducted under natural light and dark condition, then analyzing the changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, NADPH oxidase activity, several antioxidant enzyme activity and autophagy. Results showed that the mycelium only developed brown film under natural light condition. Compared to dark conditions, ROS content, MDA content, NADPH oxidase activity, catalase (CAT) activity and peroxidase (POD) activity of L. edodes mycelium under light were significantly higher, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased. Also, transmission electron microscope and the expression level of autophagy gene Atg8 examined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed features of cell autophagy were more obvious in L. edodes mycelium under light. This research revealed the important role of light in brown mycelium film formation of L. edodes, and provides a theoretical basis for optimizing environmental conditions during cultivation of L. edodes, also provides a reference basis for further research on mechanism of oxidative balance in L. edodes under light.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1841-1848. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1841
In order to establish the suitable mechanical tillage method for sugarcane, the micro-plot experiment in field was conducted with 15N by three treatments of subsoiling 45 cm+rotary tillage 25 cm (T1), plowing 40 cm+discharrow broken soil 25 cm (T2) and rotary tillage 25 cm (T3) to investigate the use efficiency and fate of fertilizer nitrogen using the sugarcane cultivar Guitang 42. The results showed that 43.40%~46.45% of the nitrogen absorbed by newly planted sugarcane under the three tillage methods was derived from the nitrogen fertilizer applied in the current cropping, and the nitrogen use efficiency, residue rate and loss rate of nitrogen fertilizer were 14.39%~18.43%, 50.70%~55.49% and 26.08%~34.91%, respectively. The nitrogen ratio of 13.27%~14.78% absorbed by first ratoon sugarcane was derived from the application of nitrogen fertilizer for last cropping, and the nitrogen use efficiency, residue rate and loss rate of nitrogen fertilizer for last cropping were 7.79%~10.35%, 31.41%~34.12% and 11.02%~11.50%, respectively. After two cropping of sugarcane harvest, nitrogen fertilizer residues showed decrease significantly with the increase of soil depth, while remained more in 0~20 cm soil layer of T3 and in 20~60 cm soil layer of other tillage treatments. The T1 for two cropping sugarcane present the highest dry matter accumulation, nitrogen source ratio of fertilizer, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen residue rate, followed by T2, while T3 showed the lowest. T1 and T3 showed significant difference. The highest nitrogen loss rate of two cropping sugarcane was found in T3, followed by T2, and the lowest in T1. The difference of nitrogen loss rate among three treatments was significant in newly planted sugarcane. In red soil dryland, subsoiling and deep ploughing could promote the absorption of nitrogen fertilizer by sugarcane, reduce nitrogen loss and increase sugarcane yield, and subsoiling 45 cm+rotary tillage 25 cm (T1) showed relatively better effects. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for rational tillage of sugarcane fields in red soil.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1849-1859. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1849
To explore the panicle-grain structure of high-yield hybrid rice varieties in the water-logged paddy fields of southern Sichuan, 36 new medium hybrid rice varieties were used as materials to study the yield formation characteristics of high-yield varieties from 2018 to 2020. The tested rice varieties had passed national regional trials on the upper reaches of Yangtze River or regional trials in Sichuan Province. This work was conducted at 5 representative ecological sites, such as Jiang'an, Fushun, Longchang, Luxian and Nanxi, and high-yield cultivation techniques for large-scale production of medium hybrid rice and ratooning rice were adopted. The results showed that there are 16 varieties with a yield of more than 11 000 kg·hm-2 in two seasons, such as Nei5you 907, Neixiangyou 138, Neixiangyou 103, etc. F value of multiple regression analysis of panicle and grain characters in the first season on its yield reached a significant or extremely significant level. F value of multiple regression analysis of ratooning rice yield was extremely significant (F value=22.18, n=180), and the relationship with the total yield of the two seasons was extremely significant (F value=14.65, n=180). Selecting 43 groups of high-yield data of the main rice, ratooning rice and two seasons with total yield higher than 10 000 kg·hm-2, 4 000 kg·hm-2 and 13 500 kg·hm-2, respectively, a very significant negative correlation was found between rationing rice yield and the main rice yield (y=12 161-0.867 6x, r=0.557 2). The big-spike cultivars showed relatively weak regeneration ability and high yield of main crop, while the quantitative spike type varieties had strong regeneration ability and high yield of two seasons. The panicle grain structure of main crop with high total yield in two seasons. The effective panicles were 2.307 2~2.578 5 million·hm-2, the grains per panicle were 167.50~194.44, the seed setting rates were 78.80%~90.79%, and 1 000-grain weights were 22.60~29.33 g. The findings provide a new scientific basis for the selection of high-yield varieties and the establishment of cultivation techniques for the large-scale production of medium hybrid rice and ratooning rice in southern Sichuan.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1860-1868. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1860
Most of late indica rice varieties with high quality were weak in lodging resistance, and lodging had become a key limiting factor for the development of high quality late indica rice production. To investigate effects of nitrogen reduction combined with shell powder conditioner on lodging resistance in indica rice, this study took Taiyou 871 as the material and three treatments were set as conventional fertilization (T1, 180 kg N·hm-2), nitrogen fertilizer reduction (T2, 135 kg N·hm-2) and nitrogen reduction combined with shell powder conditioner (T3, T2 with 3 t·hm-2 oyster shell powder conditioner). Morphological indices, biomechanical indices, carbohydrate content in the basal second internode, calcium accumulation in stem and activity of enzymes related to carbon metabolism, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield components of stem were measured. The results showed that compared with T1 treatment, T2 treatment significantly decreased fresh weight per plant, plant height, center of gravity height, the length of the second internode at the base, the length from the broken site to the top of panicle and lodging index, cellulase activity and effective panicle number. While the activity of sucrose synthase was significantly increased. Compared with T2 treatment, T3 treatment significantly decreased lodging index, the center of gravity height and phenylalnine ammonia-lyase activity. The cellulose content, cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase activity, effective panicle number and yield significantly increased. The dry matter at full heading stage, calcium accumulation in stem at full heading stage and maturity stage, stem and sheath matter output rates of T3 treatment were significantly higher than those in T1 and T2. In conclusion, nitrogen reduction combined with shell powder conditioner could not only increase the yield of Indica rice, but also significantly improve the lodging resistance of indica rice. It is of great significance to achieve high yield, stable yield and lodging resistance of rice.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1869-1877. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1869
The “3414” randomized block design was used to explore the rational fertilization technology for efficient cultivation of Pueraria thomsonii Benth in lateritic red soil area, and the fertilizer effect and its effect on the yield and quality of Pueraria thomsonii Benth were investigated in lateritic red soil in central and southern Guangxi area under the combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The Optimal Fertilization Formula of Pueraria thomsonii Benth planting was determined by fitting the fertilizer benefit function equation. Results showed that yield and quality of Pueraria thomsonii was influenced by different fertilizer treatments. In comparison to no fertilization treatment, the average yields of low amount fertilization treatment, medium amount fertilization treatment and high fertilization treatment were significantly increased by 59%, 87% and 42%, respectively. The content of starch and the content of puerarin had different requirements for amount of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in Pueraria thomsonii Benth. The content of starch (40%) in low amount nitrogen (N) fertilization treatment were the highest. The average content of Puerarin was 1.65 (mg·g-1) in low treatments higher than other treatments. The interaction effect of fertilizer showed that there was a positive interaction between N and P, while there was a negative interaction between N, P and K. Considering the yield and quality of Pueraria lobata, N1P2K2 combined application scheme could give more attention to the yield and quality of Pueraria thomsonii Benth. Aiming at the yield, quality and economic benefits, the multiple regression models was optimized. It was clear that the fertilization scheme for the yield of Pueraria thomsonii Benth≥35 000 kg·hm-2 and economic benefits ≥150 000 yuan·hm-2 in lateritic red soil in central and southern Guangxi area was nitrogen application rate (N) 312~455 kg·hm-2, phosphorus application rate (P2O5) 397~547 kg·hm-2 and potassium application rate (K2O)362~489 kg·hm-2. The results provide scientific basis for precise and standardized fertilization of Pueraria thomsonii Benth in lateritic red soil area.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1878-1886. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1878
A pot experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2020 in order to explore the relationship between exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and the alleviation of high temperature injury after athesis in wheat. To investigate the mechanism underlying the SA-mediated alleviation of the heat stress damage to wheat pollen viability, a cultivar (Yangmai 18) was subjected to heat stress for 15 to 19 days after flowering in a field warming-shed. In this study, we compared the effects of SA pretreatment on antioxidant physiological characteristics of wheat at different stages. After heat stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content increased, superoxide anion (
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(9): 1887-1895. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.09.1887
To study the removal efficiency of different wetland plant configurations on prometryn, five treatments with the biomass ratio of Vetiveria zizanioides and Acorus calamus of 1∶2, 1∶1, 2∶1 and solid planting were set, and the untreated water as the control. The content of prometryn in water and plants was determined when the water with 5 mg·L-1 prometryn was treated for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days, respectively. Compared with the single planting, and the removal efficiency of different plant configurations on prometryn was analyzed. The results showed that the content of prometryn in three different biomass treatments was significantly lower than that in the control and single planting water. From the 5th day, the content of prometryn in water treated with two plants was lower than that in water treated with single planting. On the 20th day, the removal efficiency of prometryn was 89.6% in the treated water with the biomass ratio of V. zizanioides and A. calamus of 2∶1, and the residual prometryn was only 0.52 mg·L-1, which was significantly lower than that of other treatments. The absorption capacity of V. zizanioides to prometryn was better than that of A. calamus. With V. zizanioides as the dominant plant(with large biomass), the absorption effect of prometryn was better than that of A. calamus. To sum up, the absorption and removal efficiency of two wetland plants are better than that of a single plant, and the optimal treatment is that the biomass ratio of V. zizanioides and A. calamus is 2∶1. This study provides a reference for further research on the purification potential of wetland plants on water pollutants.
