03 June 2015, Volume 29 Issue 6
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1025-1029. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1025
In this paper,a new variety ‘Jinyuan No.55’ with high yield and quality was created through mixing selection methods from the space-induced F2 population derived from ‘Heijiao83-889’ and ‘Meiding’. ‘Jinyuan No.55’, exhibits not only high yield,but also good stability in the regional tests and production tests. ‘Jinyuan No.55’ has extensive adaptability for planting in the northern of Heilongjiang Province,the eastern mountain areas of Jilin Province,the northern of Xinjiang and the central and southern areas of Inner Mongolia Hulunbeier.Breeding of ‘Jinyuan No.55’ showed that the mutagenic effect of soybean is very apparent through space-flight and can promote the improvement of agronomic and quality character.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1030-1036. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1030
In order to create new autotetraploid germplasm of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. by in vitro induction, sterile rapid propagation system was optimized by the orthogonal design and shoot tips was used for induction. Morphological characteristics, chromosome number and flow cytometry were used for identification the autotetraploid. The results showed that the optimal medium for proliferation was MS+6-BA 2.0mg·L-1+ NAA 0.20mg·L-1, and the induction rate reached to 36% when the buds soaked in 0.20% colchicine solution for 12h, which was the ideal condition to induce autotetraploid of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. In this study, 23 autotetraploid lines were obtained, that laid a foundation for breeding superior varieties Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1037-1043. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1037
Five F1 hybrids of ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) were used in isolated microspore culture in order to obtain diverse ornamental kale DH lines and lay the foundation of materials for breeding excellent varieties of ornamental kale. The results showed that the genotype affected the frequency of microspore embryogenesis, embryoids were induced from only four varieties,‘Y007’,‘Y008’,‘Y009’ and ‘Y010’ among all the test materials, the induced frequency of embryoid was 0.80, 1.03,1.97, and 1.40 embryos per bud, respectively. There were significant differences of embryogenesis rates among different genotypes, ‘Y014’ cannot obtain embryoid though cultured with several times. low-frequency shaking with 60 r·min-1 could promote the formation of embryoid, accelerate the embryogenesis, and increase the proportion of cotyledon-shaped embryos.The results of ploidy analysis showed that haploid, diploid and tetraploid can derived simultaneously from microspore, the ploidy variation were diversity and the rates of spontaneous chromosome doubling were 3.2% to 92.0%.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1044-1051. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1044
To screen functional genes related to peanut quality traits, a FUSCA3 gene was cloned from the seed of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cultivar Huayu17) using RT-PCR, and was designated as AhFUSCA3. AhFUSCA3 cDNA was 1 532 bp in length, and had an open reading frame of 1 134 bp. With 6 exons, 5 introns and typical GT-AG splice sites, its genomic sequence was 3 892 bp long, encoding a protein of 378 deduced amino acid residues, with a theoretical molecular weight of 42.3 kD and an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.58. The deduced protein was predicted to be located in nucleus, containing the conserved B3 domain. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis indicated that AhFUSCA3 showed the highest sequence similarity and closest relatedness with FUSCA3 from leguminous species including Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, Cicer arietinum, and Medicago truncatula. Expression of AhFUSCA3 during peanut pod and seed development process, as indicated by the real time RT-PCR assay, exhibited a first increase and then decrease tendency, suggesting that AhFUSCA3 may play an important role in peanut embryogenesis. This study provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the peanut embryogenesis and lipid biosynthesis, and prrides new gene resources for molelular breeding of peunut.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1052-1060. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.1052
In order to verify the feasibility of PFGE technology on finding out the different genes associated with Cr(VI) removal between ATCC 9372 and Ua strains, the strains were cultured by LB medium which contains 0, 20, 40, 60, 80mg·L-1 Cr(VI), OD600 and removal rates were measured at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60h. PFGE technology was used to study the differences of DNA between two strains which have been enzyme. The feasibility of PFGE technology was verified by PCR and analysis of restriction sites. GM technology was used to test the function of different genes on removing Cr(VI). Results showed that the growth conditions and removal rates of ATCC 9372 and Ua strains reached the maximum at 48h, ATCC 9372 strain grew better than Ua strain, and its removal rate reached 95% in 40 mg·L-1 Cr(VI) solution as well as the removal rate of Ua strain just reached 52.31%. There is a 3Kb different fragment which had been digested by EcoRI-HindIII between ATCC9372 and Ua strains was showed by the results of PFGE technology. YthA and YtiB genes were contained in the different fragment. The feasibility of PFGE to explore difference among DNA is credible which was tested by PCR and the analysis of restriction sites. The removal rate of genetically modified strain ATCC 9372-YtiB declined 12% reflected that gene YtiB can inhibit the function of removing Cr(VI). Our study provide a new approach of searching different genes theoretically, and the approach need further improvement.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1061-1067. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.1061
Complete nucleotide sequence and biological characteristics of a new Alfalfa mosaic virus isolate infecting Trifolium repens grown on Hangzhou Xiasha were analyzed. Using double-strand RNA (dsRNA) detection and modified single primer amplification technique (SPAT), the whole genomic sequence of AMV-HZ were cloned. After sequencing, three genomic sequence information were obtained (GenBank accession numbers were HQ316635, HQ316636 and HQ316637 respectively). Phylogenetic analysis of CP amino acid sequences of AMV showded the potential relationship of AMV family. Universal probe for northern blot hybridization of the progeny RNAs were successfully constructed, it provide test methods for infection of AMV-HZ. Symptoms induced on Nicotiana glutinosa,N. benthamiana, Chenopodium amaranticolor,and Capsicum frutescens inoculated with AMV-HZ were observed. The study provides basic research menthod of obtaining the complete genome sequence, molecular detection and biological characteristics of AMV.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1068-1073. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1068
In order to understand effects of cspB on stress adaptation of plant, cspB was inserted in pBI121 under the control of CaMV35S promoter by replacing the gusA gene and the construct was designated as pBI121-cspB. Transgenic tobacco plants with cspB gene by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation were regenerated on selection medium. The results of RT-PCR analysis showed cspB expressed in all transgenic plants and high level of expression of cspB was detected in the transgenic plant TN012. The transgenic plant TN012 and control plant were treated under 38℃ for 1 week and then grew under 25℃.The biomass of TN012 was greater than that of control plant after 7 d recovery growth.. There was no significant difference between TN012 and control plant in the photosynthetic rate before high temperature treatment. However, the photosynthetic rate of TN012 was significant higher than that of control plant after high temperature treatment. Moreover, after high temperature treatment, total protein content was significantly increased in TN012, but was significantly decreased in control plant. The results indicated that ectopic expression of cspB confers resistance to high temperature in plants, and cspB is one of genes beneficial to crop breeding in terms of high temperature resistance.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1074-1080. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1074
In order to study the differential expression of gene in licorice root induced by N+ implantation, cDNA-AFLP approach was employed . Total RNA was isolated from root of licorice. synthesizing the cDNA double chain by reverse transcription, using the PstI and MseI enzymes to digest the double standed cDNA, connecting the joint, pre-amplification, selective amplification.286 differential expression cDNA fragments were obtained with 81 selective amplification primer pairs combinations. Which accounted for 20% of the total 1576 bands .The differential cDNA fragments were eluted, cloned and sequenced. 92 fragments of cDNA were obtained, 53 pieces of which retrieved high-homology DNA or protein mRNA sequences with known function by BLAST analysis. Functional alaysis indicated that some cDNA fragments might participate in metabolism pathways, signal transduction, stress responses etc.30 fragments were showed homolory to unknown and hypothetical function genes.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1081-1087. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1081
Olaquindox(OLA), a derivative of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide, is one of the most common antimicrobial growth promoter owing to its antibacterial and protein assimilation. But further study found that excessive utilization of OLA in animal feeds could result in cumulative toxicity and cause aberration and mutagenicity. Therefore, in order to strengthen the quality and safety control of olaquindox, it is necessary to develop rapid detection technology for olaquindox. The olaquindox hapten(OLA-HS) in this paper was synthesized by succinic anhydride and identified by mass spectrometry(MS). Two artificial antigens (OLA-HS-BSA and OLA-HS-OVA) of olaquindox were produced by the active ester method. The artificial antigens were identified by SDS-PAGE and UV spectrophotometry respectively. One hybridoma cell line (2B3) secreting monoclonal antibody (McAb) against olaquindox was produced by fusing SP2/0 with spleen cells from BALB/C immunized by OLA-HS-BSA. Isotype and subclass of the McAb secreted from the hybridoma cell line (2B3) was classified as IgG1. The light chain of the McAb was indentified to be κ chain. The McAb obtained could specifically react with olaquindox and its titre of ascitic fluid detected by indirect ELISA was up to 1×10-6. The result of specificity analysis indicated that the McAb had no cross-reactivity with analogues of olaquindox. Based on the produced McAb, an indirect competitive ELISA(icELISA) was established, IC20 was the sensitivity dectection value of the antibody and the value was 5.36 ng·mL-1 olaquindox in PBS buffer. The mean recovery of olaquindox spiked in feedstuff ranged from 70.7% to 134.6%. The produced anti-olaquindox McAb and established competitive ELISA method laid ranged foundation for ELISA kit of olaquindox residue in feedstuff.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1088-1093. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1088
The experiments were conducted to study the effect of ultraviolet-C treatment (3.0 kJ·m-2)on phenolic metabolism and quality of postharvest peach fruit (‘Yulu’) stored at 25 ℃ for 8 d. The activities of phenolic metabolism key enzymes and antioxidant capacity of postharvest peach fruit was investigated during storage. Results showed that, peach fruit exposed to 3.0 kJ·m-2UV-C light significantly delayed the losses of TA and vitamin C content, increased fruit red color, and maintained higher sensory quality of peach fruit during storage. Moreover, 3.0 kJ·m-2 UV-C treatment also enhanced the PAL activity, and promoted the accumulation of total phenolics at first 3 days of storage. In addition, activities of PPO and POD was significantly inhibited by UV-C treatment, in association with increased total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity in peach fruit during the whole period of storage. These results suggested that 3 kJ·m-2 UV-C treatment may provide a potential alternative for postharvest quality control and antioxidant regulation on postharvest peach fruit.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1094-1100. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1094
There is deviation between the sterilization dose set by traditional method using "D10 value" of aerobic bacteria and the actual needed sterilization dose because the distribution of resistance of aerobic bacteria is not taken into account. In order to assess the magnitude of the deviation, and to discuss the rationality of traditional method, four experimental scheme was designed and calculations for aerobic bacteria having SDR were conducted in this paper. The results showed that different scheme of dose selection could lead to different sterilization dose for same product when using traditional method. For the four experimental scheme in this paper, the deviation of sterilization dose set by traditional method and the actual needed sterilization dose reached from -43.8% to 100%. Therefore the method that set the sterilization dose using "D10 value" of aerobic bacteria is not reasonable, which increasing the risk of excessive irradiation or sterilization failure.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1101-1107. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1101
In previous study, monoclonal antibodies against zeranol showed high cross-reactivity to zearalenone, which is a common mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp. Three female BALB/c mice were immunized with the conjugate of zeranol-16-carboxypropylether and bovine serum album. The hybridoma cells were produced by the monoclonal antibodies technology. And non-competitive and competitive ELISA was employed to detect positive clones. A lateral flow immunoassay has been established based on conjugate of purified monoclonal antibodies with 15nm colloidal gold. The isotypes of all three hybridoma cells were identified as IgG1 type. The titer of Mab-1A8 ascites fluid was 1:1.28×107, and after purification by Protein G, the I50 of purified antibodies was 10.25ng·mL-1. The linear range for zeranol was between 2.96 to 35.46ng·mL-1 and the detection limit (I10) was 1.96ng·mL-1. Cross reactivity of the antibodies with zearalenone was lower than 0.1%. The cut-off concentration of zeranol for the lateral flow assay was 2.5μg·mL-1 with 10 minutes detection time. Novel monoclonal antibodies with improved specificity and colloidal gold rapid test strips have been produced for zeranol. This article provides a sensitive and convenient detection method for zeranol residues.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1108-1113. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1108
To investigate the effects of different hypobaric conditions(30 kPa,70 kPa)on reactive oxygen species metabolism of Pleurotus eryngii,we determined the change of the firmness,activities of SOD,CAT,POD and APX,O2·- production rate,contents of MDA and H2O2,and relative electric conductivity. The results showed that the Pleurotus eryngii that treated by hypobaric storage(30 kPa)could maintaina high level of firmness, increased activities of SOD,CAT,POD and APX significantly,and inhibited the increase of O2·- production rate,H2O2,relative electric conductivity and MDA content. Because induced high antioxidant enzymes activities,which was beneficial to remove the excess accumulation of free radicals and protect the cell membrane system integrity,hypobaric storage(30 kPa)treatment could postpone the senescence of Pleurotus eryngii.This sThe results of the study provide theoretica basis for hypobaric storage applying to fruits and vegetables.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1114-1120. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1114
5-deoxystrgol (5-DS), a precursor of strigolactones (SLs) that are a phytohormone inhibiting shoot branching, is an essential parameter for quantification of SLs. This paper studied effects of different agents and methods for extraction and purification on the content of 5-DS isolated from bamboo shoots of different species of Phyllostchys. Results showed that ultrasonically assisted extraction with ethyl acetate could not only minimize extraction time but also raise the percentage of extraction; and solid-phase extraction and purification could effectively reduce interference from noise peaks. The 5-DS content could be detected and measured quickly and accurately from the bamboo shoot tissue pretreated with the methods mentioned above by reversed-phase ultra performance liquid chromatography (RP-UPLC). A good linear relationship for analysis was observed between 40 to 8000 ng·mL-1, the limit for detection and quantification was 8.7 ng·mL-1 and 29.0 ng·mL-1, respectively, and an average rate of recovery with standard samples included ranged from 87.9% to 116.5%. It was found from measurements that the content of 5-DS from bamboo shoots of different species varied from 11.27 to 51.17 ng·g-1(FW), out of which that from shoots of Ph. edulis is the highest. Overall, these pre-treatment and detection methods established on the basis of RP-UPLC for detection of 5-DS from bamboo shoots were accurate, high in performance, and good in repetition, which could be used in the physiological study of branching in bamboo.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1121-1128. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1121
In an attempt to establish an effective method for the purification of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from peach pulp and clarify the characteristics of the PPO, a column chromatographic purification produce as well as the reaction properties and the stabilities of the PPO were investigated in this paper. Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B column chromatography achieved a similar purification fold with ammonium sulfate fractional precipitation. However, the yield of PPO obtained by the former method was 89%, much higher than that of the latter. A three-step column chromatographic purification procedure involving Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B, DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephaoryl HR S-200, had been established for the purification of the PPO. A 12.40-fold purification of PPO with a total yield of 20% was achieved, and the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis analysis showed a single band with a molecular weight of 81 kDa. The Km values of the purified PPO were 0.14 mM and 0.12 mM for (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature were 7.0 and 40 ℃, respectively. The thermostability results suggested that this PPO was unstable during the thermal treatment or in the low pH value solutions. The results could provide theoretical supports for the enzymatic browning mechanism of honey peach and references for the purification of PPO from other fruits and vegetables.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1129-1134. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1129
In order to obtain cholesterol-free phospholipid from Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis eggs,the technique of cholesterol removal from Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis eggs by subcritical R134a extraction method was studied. Firstly, the effects of pretreatment and parameters including extraction pressure, extraction temperature and extraction time on the removal yields of cholesterol were investigated. The technical parameters were then optimized by orthogonal design. The results showed that after colloid mill homogenizing, papain hydrolyzing and spray drying, the cholesterol yields of the raw material increased remarkably. The optimal extraction conditions for the technique of cholesterol removal from pre-treated Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis eggs by subcritical R134a were as follows: extraction pressure was 6MPa, extraction temperature was 70℃ and extraction time was 70min. The yields of cholesterol removal reached 99.31% under the optimal extraction conditions. The study laid theoretical foundation on industrialization of the technique on cholesterol removal by subcritical R134a extraction.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1135-1141. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1135
To optimize the ethanol extraction of total flavonoids from Suaeda salsa, the effects of extraction time, extraction temperature, ethanol concentration, liquid-solid ratio and their interactions on the extraction yield of Suaeda salsa flavonoids have been studied in this paper with Box-Behnken design.The results showed that the response surface methodology was reliable,and the optimal extraction conditions were 46min of extraction time, at 62℃,64% of ethanol concentration,1:21 of the solid-liquid ratio. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield of total flavonoids is 6.57 mg·g-1. Therefore, using response surface analysis to optimazation of extraction process of total flavenoids from suaeda salsa is feasible.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1142-1148. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1142
Three rice lines with different leaf stomata density (high, medium and low stomata density) derived from generations of hybrids between indica and japonica rice (F13) were used to study their photosyntheticThree rice lines with different leaf stomata density (high, medium and low stomata density) derived from generations of hybrids between indica and japonica rice (F13) were used to study their photosynthetic characteristics and Rubisco activity. The aim is to reveal the response of stomatal to light intensity and CO2 concentration and the correlation between stomatal and Rubisco activity. Results showed that in light response, the maximum photosynthetic rate of the lines with high stomatal density was 24.6 μmol·m-2·s-1, being 4.3% and 19.6% higher than those with medium and low stomatal density, respectively. And in CO2 response, the maximum photosynthetic rate of lines with high stomatal density was 30.8 μmol·m-2 ·s-1, being 4.6% and 9.5% higher than those with medium and low stomatal density, respectively. In addition, Rubisco activity was significantly positive correlation (r=0.912, P<0.01) with stomatal density. In conclusion, the increasing stomatal density will enhance the utilization efficiency of light and CO2. This study provides theoretical basis for breeding high photosynthetic efficiency from generations of hybrids between indica and japonica rice. characteristics and Rubisco activity. The aim is to reveal the response of stomatal to light intensity and CO2 concentration and the correlation between stomatal and Rubisco activity. Results showed that in light response, the maximum photosynthetic rate of the lines with high stomatal density was 24.6 μmol·m-2·s-1, being 4.3% and 19.6% higher than those with medium and low stomatal density, respectively. And in CO2 response, the maximum photosynthetic rate of lines with high stomatal density was 30.8 μmol·m-2 ·s-1, being 4.6% and 9.5% higher than those with medium and low stomatal density, respectively. In addition, Rubisco activity was significantly positive correlation (r=0.912, P<0.01) with stomatal density. In conclusion, the increasing stomatal density will enhance the utilization efficiency of light and CO2. This study provides theoretical basis for breeding high photosynthetic efficiency from generations of hybrids between indica and japonica rice.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1149-1157. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1149
The colonization of antagonistic endophytes in the plants rhizosphere was a critical factor to prevent plant diseases biologically. In the study, the endophytic fungi DZJ07 showing strong activity against wheat Rhizoctonia cerealis was marked with carbendazim by the concentration gradient method, the colonization property of biocontrol strain DZJ07 in wheat rhizosphere was analysed,and the effect of colonization of mutant DZJ07-2 in the wheat rhizosphere on related enzyme activity of wheat roots in different growth stages was researched through pot experiments. The results indicated the mutant DZJ07-2 could tolerate 80% carbendazim at concentration of 200 μg·mL-1and had the stabilities of heredity, the mutant strain successfully colonized in the wheat rhizosphere, and the population reached to the highest level after 20 days, with 6.33×102 cfu·g-1in the soil. Then the activities of PPO, POD and PAL of wheat roots treated with of DZJ07-2 were significantly higher than that of normal control groups, and colonization of DZJ07-2 in the wheat rhizosphere could reduce significantly the incidence of wheat sharp eyespot, the incidence of wheat sharp eyespot by DZJ07-2 was 13.36%, which was lower than that of the normal control groups. The results afforded scientific basis for its application and the further research on bio-controlling mechanism.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1158-1164. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1158
In order to make full use of spectral remote sensing to monitor above-ground dry biomass of winter wheat quickly and accurately, the experiment was conducted to measure the canopy spectrum and above-ground dry biomass of two winter wheat varieties (‘Jing9428’ and ‘Chaoyou66’) under different sowing dates. The models for monitoring above-ground dry biomass were established through the extraction of the sensitive bands and vegetation index with the method of the correlative analysis. The results showed that the correlation between first derivative of spectrum and above-ground dry biomass reached a higher significant level than the original spectral reflectance, and the extracted bands and the vegetation index extracted with correlative analysis method were also sensitive with above-ground dry biomass. The model of above-ground dry biomass was constructed based on FDEVI (730, 850nm) which had the highest precision for monitoring dates. Meanwhile, another monitor model constructed under mixed sowing date also had a high determination coefficient and had a certain practical application. Moreover, the determination coefficient of model reached to 0.8685 at sowing date 1 (October 1) and the RRMSEand RE were 0.1543 and 0.1644, respectively, then the conclusion could be made that the sowing date 1 (October 1) was the best reasonable sowing date for monitoring the above-ground dry biomass of winter wheat. The study would supply some technology and reference for monitoring above-ground dry biomass of winter wheat with the technology of remote sensing.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1165-1173. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1165
In order to study the most suitable transplanting density for Japonica rice in cold region, ‘Dongnong425’ and ‘Dongnong427’ were was used as experimental material, setting 12 transplanting density, D1(35 cm×16.7 cm),D2(30 cm×16.7 cm),D3(35 cm×13.3 cm),D4(25 cm×16.7 cm),D5(30 cm×13.3 cm),D6(35 cm×10 cm),D7(25 cm×13.3 cm),D8(30 cm×10 cm),D9(25 cm×10 cm),D10(35 cm×6.7 cm),D11(30 cm×6.7 cm),D12(25 cm×6.7 cm).From the flowering stage to maturity stage, to study the effects of transplanting density on contribution and accumulation of soluble sugar on japonica rice in cold. The results showed that increased with the number of flowers acquired, soluble sugar content of leaves of ‘DongNong 425’ and ‘DongNong 427’ showed a single peak curve, soluble sugar content of stems and grains of ‘DongNong 425’ and ‘DongNong 427’ showed a generally downward trend, but showed a small amount of rebound after reduced to the lowest value. The soluble sugar content of leaves, stems and grains of the two varieties were increased with the density increasing, however, when the density was too large, they actually reduced.when ‘DongNong 425’ under the D6 treatments, the soluble sugar content of leaves and stems were all high, under the D5 treatments, the soluble sugar content of grains were high, but ‘DongNong 427’ were all high when they under the D3 treatments.The translocated sugars, translocated ratio,contributed ratio of stems were high when ‘DongNong 425’ under the D4,D6,D9 treatments, while ‘DongNong 427’ under the D2,D3,D3 treatments. It was negative significantly positive correlated between yield and heading and maturity stages amount of soluble sugar accumulation of leaves, stems, grains. The test depth study of the relationship with soluble sugar content of leaves, stem, seed and yield of japonica rice in cold region and, laying the foundation for high-yield rice cultivation.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1174-1181. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1174
This study was carried out to analyze the effects of cultivation measures on the yield, quality, and net income in order to provide the theoretical basis for optimal cultivation measures of multiple-grain Luzhou-flavor liquor special maize. Quadratic general regressive rotation, which was designed with four factors, namely, planting density, nitrogen rate, phosphorus rate, and potassium rate, was conducted to study the cultivation models of multiple-grain Luzhou-flavor liquor special maize Fukangyu 909, as well as determine their high yield, quality, and benefit in Yibin. The relationships among grain yield, quality, net income, and four experimental factors were used as quadratic functions. Some interactions among the experimental factors were observed. Under such conditions, the net income was 13,534 Yuan·hm-2, which was calculated by the distributing frequency statistical method and simulation optimization. The optimum cultivation parameters for high grain yield, quality, and high net income were as follows: planting density, 5 200 kg·hm-2; nitrogen rate, 360 kg·hm-2; phosphorus rate, 720 kg·hm-2; and potassium rate, 360 kg·hm-2. The analysis of relationships among grain yield, quality, net income, and four experimental factors provided the basis for Fukangyu 909 industrialization in the Southern part of Sichuan province.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1182-1189. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1182
In order to explore the response regularity of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and hyperspectral characteristics of soybean after maize harvest under relay intercropping systems, Chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectral characteristics of intercropped soybean after maize harvest were investigated under different planting patterns, and analyzed the relationship between chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectral vegetation indices during the flowering period and full podding period. Results indicated that, the flowering period, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, and total chlorophyll/carotenoid of relay intercropped soybean were decreased with the increasing of narrow-row spacing of maize. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm was first increased, and then decreased, while Fq'/Fm'、qP and NPQ were first decreased then increased. And the change of leaf spectrum of soybean was in accordance with the photosynthetic pigments. Compared with sole soybean, the red edge position of intercropped soybean appeared blue shift. Oppositely, red edge position displayed red shift from maize 40 cm treatment to 80 cm narrow-row spacing. After full podding stages, there was no significant difference between treatments due to light recover after maize harvest. Significant correlation were found between GNDVI, CARI, TCARI, RVI, Rch and photosynthetic pigments (P<0.01). In addition, there were significant relationships between PSRI, SIPI and chlorophyll fluorescence. Therefore, it is possible to analyze photosynthetic physiology response parameters of relay-cropping soybean with different planting patterns using hypespectral data.
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Effects of Drought Stress on the Yield and Metabolic Regulation at Different Growth Stages in PeanutJournal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1190-1197. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1190
The mid-season large-fruited cultivar Yuhua 9326 and early small-fruited Yuhua 9936 were used to investigate the impacts of drought stress on peanut yield and metabolic regulation at four different growth stages, i.e. seedling, flowering and pegging, podding and mature stage, which was conducted under artificial water control in a full-automatic rainproof tank. The results indicated that water deficiency in all four stages could reduce the yield and influence the metabolic regulation in leaves. Among all those stage, the yield reduction at flowering and pegging was the biggest, the yield reduction was about 25%, followed by seedling and podding, and the mature stage was the least. The results also showed that drought stress at flowering and pegging stage had the largest impacts on the activities of antioxidant enzyme and the content of osmotic adjustment substances and MDA. Under the drought stress at flowering and pegging, the activity of antioxidant enzyme reduced by more than 25%, the content of soluble protein decreased by about 40%, that of soluble sugar and free proline increased by more than 20% and that of MDA rose by about 55%. In conclusion, the flowering and pegging was the most sensitive stage to drought stress. This study identified the sensitive stage to water shortage and provided theoretical basis and technical guidance for scientific irrigation and yield improvement. It played an important role in the water utilization efficiency and per unit yield enhancement of arid and semi-arid areas.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1198-1203. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.05.1198
Agronomic traits, fruit body yield, and the transformation efficiency of C, N, P, K,lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose of Pleurotus geesteranus were investigated by using the cultivation experiment with different peanut straw additions. The results showed that, while with the increase of peanut straw application, the yield, biological efficiency and absolute biological efficiency of Pleurotus geesteranus showed a trend of rise first, then fall. Their values in the treatment with peanut straw instead of 40% wheat bran (Denoted A4) were highest. And the yield of Pleurotus geesteranus in A4 treatment was 176.5 g·bag-1, biological efficiency and absolute biological efficiency were 70.60% and 8.34%, respectively. P, K use efficiency of Pleurotus geesteranus in A4 treatment were the highest, being 23.58% and 11.64%, respectively. N use efficiency of Pleurotus geesteranus in A1 treatment were the highest, being 60.90%, then the values of A4 treatment was the second place and 59.64%. C use efficiency of Pleurotus geesteranus in A4 and CK treatment were the highest, all being 3.15%. The consumption by respiration and weightlessness rate in the substrates in A5 treatment were the highest, and the values of the A4 treatment was second. The transformation efficiency of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in A5 treatment were the highest, being 78.7%, 45.19% and 53.59%, respectively. The results from integrated analysis indicated that the cultivation effect of peanut straw instead of 40% wheat bran was the highest, and that the peanut straws might be used to cultivate Pleurotus geesteranus.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1204-1210. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1204
The seed of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ‘Dongzao’ was used to study the factors influencing seed germination, i.e. storage time, shell-breaking, seed soaking and hormone treatment, and the seed dormancy and germination characteristic were investigated in detail. The results showed that: 1) After-ripening is required for ‘Dongzao’ seed germination, and 120 days of storage is the optimal. The seed viability was reduced along with storage time, and dropped from 96.8% to 74.5% after 360 days of storage. 2) Seed germination was influenced by the mechanical inhibition of its shell, and the shell hindered the absorption of water, also. The seed germination rate can be significantly improved by breaking shells. The water absorption rate was notably enhanced under concentrated sulfuric acid treatment and can be reach saturation in 24 hours. 3) Seed germination can be promoted by plant growth regulators, and the germination rate and germination energy were mainly affected by concentration. Soaking in 0.2 mg·L-1 GA3 for 24 hours is the best treatment for Dongzao seed germination with the germination rate above 85%.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1211-1217. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1211
To develop and utilize the economic halophyte Kosteletzkya pentacarpos, it is first crucial to clarify its absorption of N, P, Na+ and K+ under NaCl salt treatments. So seedlings of seashore mallow, treated with NaCl salt gradients (0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 g·L-1 NaCl) for 50 d, were investigated to examine the N, P, Na+ and K+ contents, and their stoichiometry characteristics. The results were presented: N absorption was enhanced significantly in high salt environments (16 g·L-1 NaCl), N content increased more in stems than in roots, leaves and whole plants. Also, P content increased markedly in stems, leaves and the whole plants. Correlation analysis showed that the content of P in leaf was positively related to salt gradient (P<0.05). The content of Na+ in stem, leaf and whole plant increased with the salt gradient, and Na+ content in leaves increased far more, which was positively related to salt gradient (P<0.01). The content of K+ in stems and leaves showed the obvious trend of decline with the increase of the salt gradients, the content of K+ dropped gently in the leaves, and significantly negative correlation was shown between the salt gradients and the content of K+ in leaves. It was positive correlation between the salt gradients and the whole plant N/P to some extent. The treatment of salt gradient did not influence distinctly the K+/Na+ ratios in the whole plants,and the balance of K+ and Na+ ions (the relative stability of K+/Na+ ratios) was kept. In leaves, the N content was significantly positively correlated to P content (P<0.05), and extremely positively correlated to N/P ratios (P<0.01), but significantly negatively correlated to K+/Na+ ratios (P<0.01), which indicated that nitrogenous fertilizer applied to the saline soils could promote the absorption of P. A certain amount of NaCl in saline soils was not bad for the growth of K. pentacarpos, on the contrary it was beneficial to the enhancement of the absorption and accumulation of P.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1218-1224. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1218
In order to select the optimum night temperature on national day forcing culture of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) under short-day, the effects of different night temperature (18, 21, 24 and 27℃) on the flowering, anthocyanin, chlorophyll, soluble sugar content and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) activity of ‘Red China’ were investigated. The results showed that the night temperature significantly affected the course of flowering, visual quality, anthocyanin and other physiological indexes of bracts. Under 21℃ night temperature, the color change time was the earliest, turning rate was the fastest, flowering rate was the highest, and visual quality was the best. And anthocyanin, soluble sugar content and the PAL activity of bracts were higher than other night temperature treatments. The corresponding parameters became lower under 18℃ and 24℃. Moreover, the bracts color of 27 ℃ night temperature treatment did not significantly change. Therefore, 21℃ was considered to be the optimum night temperature under short-day. The result of this study has important directive significance to National Pay forcing culture of poinsettia.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(6): 1225-1231. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1225
Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanisms of neutral silicon (400 mg Si·kg-1 soil and 1000 mg Si·kg-1soil)-mediated cadmium (200 mg·Cd kg-1 soil) tolerance on two cypress species, e.g. Juniperus Chinensis and Platycladus Orientalis. Results showed that the 1000 mg·kg-1 Si and/or the 200 mg·kg-1 Cd treatment negatively affected the growth of the two cypress varieties. The 400 mg·kg-1 Si treatment significantly decreased the ratio of exchange component of Cd of rhizosphere soil, and the decrement was more pronounced in P. Orientalis (16.2%) compared with J. Chinensis (6.5%). Furthermore, the Cd-induced growth inhibition was alleviated by the 400 mg·kg-1 Si treatment during the 90 day experimental period, but the alleviating mechanisms involved are species-specific. For J. Chinensis, Si enhanced Cd retention in the roots, hence restrained Cd translocation from the roots to the shoots. For P. Orientalis, Si treatment significantly increased activates of POD and CAT, and decreased the SOD activity compared with Cd treatment alone. As a result, the Cd-induced oxidative damage on P. Orientalis was significantly alleviated, as observed that addition 400 mg·kg-1Si. This work gain better insight into the mechanisms involved in the Si-mediated detoxification of Cd in plants, and could be helpful for performing field-scale applications of Si during greening of severe Cd-contaminated soils.
