20 February 1989, Volume 3 Issue 01
-
Select all|
-
J4. 1989, 3(01): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.1989.01.0001
The relationships between lipophilicity of non-ionised chemicals ( estimated using Octanol/Water Partition Coef f icientsKow ) and their uptake by roots from nutrition solution ( described by Root Concentration FactorsRCF ) , translocation ( described by Transpiration Stream Concentration FactorsTSCF ) and distribution(described by Percentage% ) in rice plants were studied. The results showed that the polar chemicals (Log Kow
1, the RCF values-increased with increasing lipophilicity. Translocation was most effective for the chemicals with intermediate lipophilicity. The maximum TSCF value at Log Kow was 1.5-2.0. Very polar and li-pophilic chemicals were poorly translocated.The percentage distribution in different parts of rice plants varied with lipophilicities. The chemicals of Log Kow circa 1 were most effectively translocated and distributed into leaves, but the chemicals with Log Kow values higher than 3.5 almost remained in roots and base of the stem -
J4. 1989, 3(01): 9-15. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.1989.01.0009
The transformation of urea and the fate of fertilizer-N in fluvo-aquic soil-winter wheat system in the semi-humid warm temperate zone of China were investigated in the field by micro-plot technique with 15N. Theresults show.1.Nitrification and immobilization are dominant processes in soil of urea-N banded as basal fertilizer.The remineralization of the immobilized N in spring is as high as around 60%. Only a few percent of the N applied is fixed by clay minerals of the soil, though the dominant clay minerals of the soil are hydromica and montmorillonite.2.The loss of urea-N banded as basal fertilizer is higher than that of top-dressed at revival or enlongation stages in spring. Irrigation just after top-dressing lowers the loss of urea-N. N loss is taking place only inspring when the temperature rises. Leaching loss is negligible in the growing season of wheat.3.Losses of fertilizer-N are in the range of 33-45%,among which am-monium bicarbonate is the highest, followed by ammonium sulfate and 15NH4NO3 while the losses of urea and NH415NO3 are the lowest.
-
J4. 1989, 3(01): 16-22. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.1989.01.0016
The study on nitrogen supplying ability ot soil and nitrogen absorption by cotton plant under different soil volumetric weight showed that the low cotton yield in yellow-brown soil with clay loam texture of hilly region was due to the heavy volumetric weight. In this case, soil nitrogen supplying ability-AN value and amount of nitrogen absorption by cotton plant were decreased.The translocation of nitrogen nutrient from vegetative organ to reproductive organ was delayed.Reducing the soil volumetric weight by tillage would be effective for increasing the yield and improving quality of cotton in yellow-brown soil of hilly region.
-
J4. 1989, 3(01): 23-27. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.1989.01.0023
The effect of foliar application of Ti-compound on the uptake of nitrogen and wheat yields was studied by using 15N tracing technique.The results of pot and field experiments showed that foliar application of 10 ppm Ti solution increased the yields of spring and winterwheat by 20.0% and 6.9%, respectively.The foliar application of 10 and 50 ppm Ti solution increased the N content in wheat plant and grain. Experiment with 15N indicated that the N utilization rates of wheat grain in 0 (CK) , 10, 50, and 200 ppm Ti treatment were 31.3%, 37.9% 44.4% and 39.8%, respectively. The differences were significant ( L.S.D.=±4.1 %, P=0.01).It also indicated that the N contents from soil in grain were 23.5%, 39.2% and 25.5% hi-gher in the treatments of 10, 50 and 200 ppm Ti solution respectively than that in control ( L.S.D.=±15.7% , P=0.05)and that the N contents from soil in husk were 12.25%, 16.58% and 18.57% lower than that in control respectively.The foliar application of Ti solution promoted the redistribution of N in plant organs of wheat. Under 10, 50 and 200 ppm Ti, the percentage of 15N in wheat grain were increased by 13.84%, 19.96% and 20.29% respectively in comparison with control. However, the percentage of 15N in wheat husk decreased by 12.25, 16.58% and 18.57 respectively.
-
J4. 1989, 3(01): 28-36. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.1989.01.0028
The effects of irradiation on the pectinesterase ( PE ) , polygalactu-ronase(PG)enzymatic activities, ultrastructure of cells and volatile components of apple have been studied. The results showed that the flesh firmness of irradiated apple decreased with the increasing of irradiation dosage within 2 days; it was, however, higher than that of unirradiated apple in 48 days storage; and the activities of PE, PG were inhibited by irradiation dose of 0.3 to 0.9 kGy. The negative correlations between the flesh firmness and the activities of PE, PG were observed when the dosage of irradiation was lower than 1.5 kGy.By using electron microscopic techniques,the damage of ultrastructureof cells was examined.The results showed that the breaking of cell membrane, expanding of nuclear membrane, aggregating of cytoplasm and nuclear substance were induced by 2.0 kGy irradiation.The contents of 4 important volatile components of apple such as ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol, n-butyl acetate and n-hexyl acetate would be decreased when fruits were irradiated with 0.7-2.0 kGy. However, irradiation has no effects on the pure chemicals.
-
J4. 1989, 3(01): 37-42. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.1989.01.0037
The mushrooms ( agaricus bisporus) were irradiated with 60Co gamma ray at 1 kGy. The comparison between the irradiated mushrooms can and the fresh and salted mushrooms can was carried out in the aspect of qua-lity. The results indicate that the irradiated mushrooms has the same quality as that of fresh mushrooms for the flavor, and even better for the taste.It is far superior to the salted mushrooms for both flavor and taste. General nutrition analysis indicates that there are no appearant loses in protien, fat, cellulose, phosphorus and calcium. Amino acid analysis showes that amino acid content in irradiated mushrooms is higher than that in salted mushrooms and approaches to the fresh mushrooms. Heavey metal and pathogenic bacteria test tallies with the Food Hygeian Stardard. However, the colour of the irradiated mushrooms is deeper. The ratio of mushrooms/juice in irradiated mushrooms can is lower than that of the salted mushrooms can
-
J4. 1989, 3(01): 43-47. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.1989.01.0043
Changes and residues of chlorhexidinum in internal organs, tissues, urine and blood of rat were studied by means of G-T-C22H30N10Cl2. The results showed that amounts of C22H30N10Cl2 in organs, tissues and urine were different at the 74th hour after injection. By the 240th hour, C22H30N10Cl2 in liver, kinney, muscle,adipose tissue and urine tended to disappear. However, at the 180th hour, small amounts of metabolites of C22H30N10Cl2 were still observed in the internal organs, tissues and urine. Therefore, the types of metabolites of C22H30N10Cl2 and their effects on the body should be further studied.
-
J4. 1989, 3(01): 48-52. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.1989.01.0048
The ultrastructure of chloroplasts in Stevia rebaudina Bertoni leave was observed using electron microscope and the changes of stevioside content was determined.The results showed that the chloroplasts of the young leaves at upper layer were small and thylakoid membrane was simple.There were few grana lamella and stroma lamella.The stevioside content was moderate. The chloroplasts of mature leaves at middl?layer wer large. The thylakoid membrane was complex and grana lamella was in large number. The stroma lamella was dense and "starch zone" appeared in the stroma. The stevioside content was the highest.The chloroplast in the senescent leaves at lower layer tended to disintegrate.The thylakiod membrane was degenerate and the stevioside content was the lowest. The data showed that the flower bud stage of Stevia rebaudiana is the most suitable time for harvest.
-
J4. 1989, 3(01): 53-60. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.1989.01.0053
Milk progesterone profiles in Chengdu Mah (CM) , Saanen ( S ) goats and their crosses (F1, CMXS were determined using radioim-munoassay ( RIA ) and competitive protein-binding assay(CPBA)during the period of 1 to 130 days after kidding. Mean value of the Colos-tru'm progesterone was about 2-4 ng (ranging from 0.55to 9.96 ng) per day during the first five days postpartum. Different patterns of the progesterone profile in these does were recorded. The animals ex-hibited progesterone rises from 1 to 5 times during the experiment pe-riod and the frequencies of the progesterone rise were higher thanthat of of the behavioural estrus observed. First progesterone rise occurred on days 26-67,19-52 and 39-122 after kidding in CM,S and F1 goats respectively. Analysis of the frequency distribution of the milk progesterone concentration indicated that about 87.2, 94.4 and 93.9% of the value measured were below 10 ng/ml in CM, S and F1 does respectively.
-
J4. 1989, 3(01): 61-64. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.1989.01.0061
The fungicide 1-(4-chloro-phenoxy-)3,3-dimethyl-1(1-H, 1,2, 4-triazollyl-) 2-butanone ( Triadimefon ) was labelled with 14C in triazole group. The synthesis was accomplished in three steps starting with 14C-formic acid and aminoguanidine bicarbonate, Formed(5-14C)-3-amino-1-H-1,2, 4-triazole was deaminated by diazotization and got(5-14C )-1, 2, 4-triazole It reacted with p-chlorophenol and 1, l-dichloro-3,3-dimethy1-2-butanone in acetone, and 14C-Triadimefon was synthesized. Radiochemical yield was 26%(based on 14C-formic acid) .Radiochemical purity was more than 95%.
