In recent years， the pre-made dishes industry has developed rapidly， providing more convenient and diverse choices for the catering industry and consumers. Pre-made dishes cover a wide range of food raw materials and auxiliary materials such as livestock and poultry， aquatic products， fruits and vegetables， and involve multiple research directions including flavor development， quality control， and process improvement. Based on the current definition and scope of pre-made dishes， this paper summarizes the application of emerging processing key technologies in pre-prepared foods， including storage and preservation technology， freezing and thawing technology， drying technology， sterilization technology， and packaging technology. The paper also sorts out the main processing technology problems such as flavor， nutrition， and equipment， the cold chain logistics problem throughout the process， and the standard system construction problem， with the aim of providing references for the high-quality development of Pre-made dishes.

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels （CNGCs） play crucial roles in regulating plant growth， development， and responses to abiotic and biotic stress serving as Ca²⁺ channels. To identify the CNGC gene family in foxtail millet， the biological functions of CNGC gene family were firstly investigated. Using bioinformatics technologies， the physicochemical properties， gene localization pattern， family subclasses， conserved motifs， cis-acting elements， expression patterns， subcellular localization， protein channel structures， and Ca²⁺-binding residues of CNGC family proteins from foxtail millet were analyzed. A total of 23 family members were identified， which were classified into 5 subclasses， along with 15 conserved motifs. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Seita.2G305500， Seita.3G18810 and Seita.7G259800 showed significant induction in leaves and panicle following Sclerospora graminicola infection. Quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） further demonstrated that Seita.3G188100 exhibited 6.6-fold and 8.6-fold higher expression levels to the control at 36 and 48 h postinfection， respectively. Structural prediction of Ca²⁺-binding signatures indicated that these three genes could form a Ca²⁺ channel， with specific binding residues at Ser361， Thr397 and Gln427 respectively. Subcellular localization assays in tobacco cells confirmed their plasma membrane localization. This study provides a reference for further exploring the functions of CNGC family genes and lays a foundation for genetic improvement of disease resistance in foxtail millet.

Lipoxygenases （LOXs） are pivotal enzymes in the plant lipid metabolic pathway， exerting a crucial role in plant growth and development， fruit ripening， and response to external environment along the whole life cycle. The essential role of LOXs in quality formation and regulation of horticultural crops has been elucidated with further exploration on the function of LOXs. This paper comprehensively reviewed the structural types， biological functions， and underlying mechanism of LOXs in plant metabolic pathways. The multi-faceted impacts of LOXs on formation of quality traits such as appearance， flavor， and nutritional quality in horticultural crops were highlighted. Furthermore， it also discussed the effective pre-harvest managements and post-harvest treatments used to improve the quality of horticultural products and extend their shelf-life based on the regulation of LOXs. Finally， prospective research directions of LOXs were suggested， aimed to provide new theoretical perspectives and practical guidance for quality regulation of horticultural crops.

To investigate plant growth-promoting effects of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic （ACC） deaminase-producing strains on crops under saline-alkali stress， three ACC deaminase-producing strains， including Bacillus arachidis E1-6， Enterobacterpseudoroggenkampii. E1-8， and Bacillus cereus j2-4 were used to investigate the effects of inoculation on the growth of maize. The strains were previously isolated from the plants rhizosphere in saline-alkaline areas of southern Xinjiang. The results showed that compared to neutral conditions， treatment with alkaline salt containing Na⁺ （pH values were 8.23 and 9.15， respectively） for 28 d had no significant effects on plant height， aboveground dry weight， and underground dry weight， but significantly inhibited stem diameter of maize （P<0.05）. Compared to the neutral condition， no significant changes were observed in aboveground and underground dry weight and root system architecture of potted maize of different saline-alkali stresses. However， under high saline-alkali stress at pH 9.15， plant height and stem diameter were significantly decreased， while malondialdehyde （MDA） content was increased. After inoculation treatment， all tested conditions enhanced plant height， stem diameter， and aboveground and underground dry weight of potted maize. Notably， under high saline-alkali stress at pH 9.15， inoculation with strain E1-8 improved root morphology and enhanced peroxidase activity. The results demonstrated that inoculation with ACC deaminase-producing growth-promoting rhizobacteria alleviated the inhibitory effects of saline-alkali stress on maize， highlighting their potential for development as microbial fertilizers. This study expands the resource of salt-alkali tolerant and plant growth-promoting bacteria and provides an efficient microbial remediation strategy for stress-resistant cultivation of crops in saline-alkali soils.

In order to screen for Neopyropia yezoensis with excellent growth and reproductive traits， this study analyzed the growth and reproductive traits of shell-boring conchocelis and thallus across 13 cultivated strains of N. yezoensis. The results showed that there were differences in the same trait among different strains. Among them， the length growth rate of shell-boring conchocelis （CLGR） exhibited the smallest coefficient of variation of 21.62%， and the daily release of conchospores （DAR） showed the largest coefficient of variation of 172.69%. Correlation analysis of traits across two generations of N. yezoensis demonstrated a significant positive correlation among DAR， thallus length growth rate （TLGR）， and width growth rate （TWGR）. Cluster analysis identified three strains （Y-9904， Y-2301， and Y-2201） of shell-boring conchocelis and one strain （Y-9904） of thallus with fast growth rate and strong reproductive ability. The consistency of traits between generations within the same strain was evaluated by comprehensive D value assessment. The Y-9904 strain exhibited fast growth and strong reproductive ability in both generations， with TLGR， TWGR， length-to-width growth rate （TL/WGR） and DAR exceeding those of other strains. This study establishes a comprehensive method for assessing the growth and reproductive traits of N. yezoensis， which can provide a theoretical basis for breeding high-quality N. yezoensis varieties.

The C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor family plays an important regulatory role in plant non-biological stress responses and growth and developmental processes. To clarify the function of theC2H2zinc finger transcription factor family in the growth and development of mung bean （Vigna radiata L.）， this study used mung bean genome data and bioinformatics techniques to identify C2H2 transcription factors， predict their physicochemical properties， analyze systematic evolution， chromosomal locations， colinearity， promoter cis-regulatory elements， and gene structures， and investigate their expression patterns in different tissues and under non-biological stress conditions using mung bean transcriptome data and real-time quantitative PCR（qRT-PCR）. The results showed that a total of 60 C2H2 transcription factor members were identified， of which 53 were distributed across 9 chromosomes， while chromosomal information for 7 members remained unknown. Motif1 and Motif3 were conserved motifs specific to the mung bean C2H2 transcription factor family， with Motif3 containing the conserved sequence ‘QALGGH’ unique to certain members of the C2H2_{transcription factor family. These proteins contained 155-1 581 amino acids， were all hydrophilic， and localized in the cell nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis divided the mung bean C2H2 transcription factor family into 7 subgroups （V1-V7）. Collinearity analysis revealed that fragment duplication events had undergone purifying selection. Cis-regulatory element analysis of C2H2 gene promoters identified aboundant response elements related to growth， development， stress， and hormones. Expression analysis showed that genes with FPKM values greater than 10 account for 25.0%， 26.7%， 20.0% and 26.7% in the leaf petiole， leaf， lower hypocotyl， and seed coat respectively. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the relative expression of VrC2H2-22 increased significantly with temperature changes， suggesting its specific regulatory effect on temperature stress. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for further researches on the functional characterization of C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor family in mung bean.}

To investigate the effects of different irrigation quotas combined with ameliorants on the saline-alkaline soil and maize growth in the Yinbei Irrigation District， and to determine the optimal combination for soil improvement and high maize yield in Ningxia， a two-factor split-plot experiment was designed. The maize variety Jialiang 0987 was used as the test material in this study. The experiment was conducted in the northern part of the Yinchuan Plain in Ningxia. The main factor was the irrigation quota， with three treatments： 360 mm （W1）， 450 mm （W2）， and 540 mm （W3）. The secondary factor was the soil amendment， with four treatments： no amendment （G0）， microbial agent （G1）， amino acids （G2）， and carboxymethyl cellulose （G3）， with 450 mm of flood irrigation as the control （CK）. The effects of different amendment treatments （early， mid， and late stages） on groundwater level， groundwater mineralization， pH value， total salt content， soil fertility， as well as growth indicators and yield of maize， were analyzed. The results indicated that， compared to pre-treatment， the groundwater level generally decreased after treatment， with a reduction ranging from 0.15 to 0.32 m. Compared to CK， the W2G2 treatment showed the best improvement in soil pH and total salt content， significantly reducing them by 0.62 units and 1.55 g·kg^-1， respectively. Throughout the amelioration process， soil organic matter， alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen， available phosphorus and available potassium generally increased， with more pronounced soil fertility enhancement observed in the later stages of amelioration. The W2G2 treatment resulted in the best overall soil fertility improvement. This treatment also effectively promoted maize growth and yield， increasing plant height， stem diameter， aboveground dry biomass， and grain yield by 27.96%， 26.25%， 59.38%， and 33.67% compared to CK， respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that increases in groundwater level， groundwater mineralization， pH value， and total salt content significantly inhibited the aboveground dry weight and grain yield of maize （P<0.01）. In contrast， increases in soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen significantly promoted maize aboveground dry biomass and grain yield （P<0.01）. In conclusion， applying 450 mm of irrigation combined with amino acid ameliorant treatment can effectively reduce soil pH value and groundwater mineralization in Ningxia’s saline-alkaline soils， while improving soil fertility and maize yield. This study provides scientific evidence and practical guidance for agricultural production in the saline-alkaline areas of Ningxia.

To study the feasibility of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. fermented broth as a functional raw material for cosmetics， Lactic acid bacteria， yeast， bacillus subtilis， and mixed bacteria were used to carry out liquid fermentation of Polygonatum sibiricum Red.， respectively. The contents of polysaccharides， total saponins， total polyphenols， and total flavonoids in the Polygonatum sibiricum Red. fermentation broth were quantified by spectrophotometry. The antioxidant， anti-inflammatory， whitening and safety properties of the fermentation broth were evaluated by measuring the ability to scavenge 1，1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl （DPPH）， 2，2'- azinobis-（3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate） （ABTS）， and hydroxyl radicals， the toxicity of fementation to human immortalized keratinocytes （HaCaT） cells， the effect on the levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α） and interleukin 6 （IL-6）in HaCaT cells， and the effect on tyrosinase activity in intracellularly and extracellularly. The results indicated that the levels of polyphenols and flavonoids in the fermentation broth of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. were significantly higher than that of unfermented samples. Notably， the samples fermented with mixed bacteria exhibited the highest concents of these two types of active compounds， which increased by 33.21% and 57.94%， respectively. The scavenging capabilities of the Polygonatum sibiricum Red. fermentation broth against DPPH and ABTS free radicals were stronger than that of the unfermented Polygonatum sibiricum Red. extract. The scavenging rates of DPPH and ABTS free radicals by mixed bacteria fermentation broth were 87.65% and 72.5%， respectively. Polygonatum sibiricum Red. fermentation broth was superior to unfermented broth in terms of safety and inhibition of intracellular inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6on HaCaT. The Polygonatum sibiricum Red. fermentation broth with mixed bacteria showed good inhibitory effect on tyrosinase， achieving the inhibition rate of 92.39% in vitro and an intracellular inhibition rate of 65.50% at a concentration of 100 mg·mL^-1. In conclusion， Polygonatum sibiricum Red. fermentation broth has good antioxidant， anti-inflammatory and whitening， which provides experimental basis for its application as a functional raw material in cosmetics.

To investigate the differences in components and bioactivities of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua （PC）， Lycium chinense Mill （LC） and Panax ginseng C. A. Mey （PG） under varying compatibility ratios， this study determined the contents of total sugar， total phenolic， total saponin， and other substances， and assessedantioxidant capacity in vitro. The optimal formulations were selected through the comprehensive evaluation and the oxidative stress and lipid-lowering activity were validated through the Caenorhabditis elegans model. The results revealed that there was a correlation between herb-ingredients-activity， and some combinations showed synergistic effect on activities. Following comprehensive evaluation， the combination of PC， PC and PG in ratio of 1∶2∶0 （PC-LC）， 2∶0∶1 （PC-PG）， and 1∶2∶1 （PC-LC-PG） demonstrated superior overall performance compared to other proportional combinations within the same formulation. The C. elegans model experiment demonstrated that the PC-LC group could enhance on superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity compared to the control group， and its inhibitory effect on malondialdehyde （MDA） accumulation was better than that of the single- drug administration groups. In terms of lipid-lowering activity， the triglyceride content of PC-LC-PG group （low concentration） and PC-PG group （high concentration） was significantly lower than that of single drug （P<0.05）， thereby indicating a synergistic effect. Consequently， in the compatibility of PC， LC and PG， the changes of herb-components-activities were correlated， and some of the compatibility showed synergistic effects in antioxidant and lipid-lowering. This study reveals the variation patterns of components and activities after the compatibility of PC， LC， and PG， which provide references for the subsequent development of products formulated with PC and the utilization of related resources.

To explore the differences in yield， quality， and metabolites of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco with different plant architecture， Yunyan 87 was used as material. A comprehensive analysis combing non-targeted metabolomics with chemical， sensory， and economic trait evaluation was conducted to compare the differences between umbrella-type and tube-type plants. The results showed that umbrella-type plants had lower plant height and fewer effective leaf number but larger stem circumference than tube-type plants. While tube-type plants exhibited 30.92%， 23.17%， and 18.71% higher densities of long-stalked glandular hairs， protective glandular hairs， and total glandular hairs respectively， compared to umbrella-type plants. Furthermore， tube-type plants demonstrated more balanced chemical composition and superior sensory quality score. Umbrella-type plants had a 3.43% higher yield， yet tube-type plants showed a higher output value by 22.13%， a higher proportion of high-grade tobacco by 10.72 percentage points， and higher average price by 21.50%. A total of 137 differential metabolites were identified between the two plant types. Among them， organic acids were the most abundant， including sinapic acid， guanidinosuccinic acid， phenylpyruvic acid， 2-pentanedioic acid， jasmonic acid， and palmitic acid； Amino acids included 2-oxoarginine， L-kynurenine， N-methyl-L-glutamic acid， gamma-aminobutyric acid， L-aspartic acid， tryptophanol， L-lysine， and leucine were also differentially expressed. Additionally， alkaloids like confertifolin， cytisine， L-carnitine， and resveratrol showed significant variations. The differential metabolites in mature leaves of the two plant types were mainly enriched in pathways such as alanine metabolism. In addition， the tricarboxylic acid （TCA） cycle and related metabolic pathways exhibited distinct metabolic profiles between umbrella-type tobacco plants and tube-type. In conclusion， tube-type Yunyan 87 plantsin the Nanyang region produce better quality and higher economic benefits than that of umbrella-type plants. These findings provide a theoretical basis for plant type improvement in Nanyang area.

To investigate the effects of different ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation doses on the traits， chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Ermiao Pills， the non-irradiated group （0 kGy） and 10， 20， 50 and 100 kGy irradiation dose groups were set up in this experiment. The colorimeter and electronic nose were used to compare the characteristics of each group of samples. The physical structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy， fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. Non-volatile and volatile components were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q/TOF-MS） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Antioxidant activity of the samples from each group was compared by 1，1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging method. The results of characteristic observation showed that compared with the unirradiated samples， the yellowness value of Ermiao Pills increased after irradiation， and the concentration of sulfides， terpenes and aromatic substances decreased； irradiation will damage the surface and internal structure of Ermiao Pills. The contents of berberine hydrochloride and atractylodin in Ermiao Pills after irradiation were higher than that of unirradiated samples. After being irradiated at 50 and 100 kGy， the content of phellodendrine hydrochloride decreased compared to the unirradiated samples. There was no significant change in the content of palmatine hydrochloride before and after irradiation. Irradiation could lead to a decrease in the content of terpenes in Ermiao Pills. The antioxidant activity of Ermiao Pills in the 100 kGy irradiation dose group was higher than that in the non-irradiation group， and no radiolysis products of Ermiao Pills were found in all irradiation groups. This study provides a scientific basis for the quality control of irradiation sterilization Ermiao Pills， and also provides ideas and methods for the establishment of irradiation sterilization standards for other traditional Chinese medicine preparations.

In order to explore the effect of intercropping patterns of maize/soybean intercropping system， maize Denghai 605 and soybean Qihuang 34 were used as experimental materials， and four intercropping patterns were set up： 2 rows of maize/4 rows of soybean （T2∶4）， 2 rows of maize/6 rows of soybean （T2∶6）， 3 rows of maize/4 rows of soybean （T3∶4）， 3 rows of maize/6 rows of soybean （T3∶6）， and maize monoculture （CKM） and soybean monoculture （CKS） were used as control. The effects of different intercropping patterns on crop agronomic traits， photosynthetic characteristics， yield value， yield advantage index and interspecific competitiveness were measured. The results showed that ear length， ear diameter， ear row number， grain weight per ear and leaf photosynthetic indexes （Tr、Gs、Pn、Ci） at R1 and R5 stages were better than those of T3∶4 and CKM at T2∶6， T2∶4 and T3∶6， respectively. Branches， effective pods， seed number per plant and leaf photosynthetic indexes （Tr， Gs， Pn） of R2 and R6 stages were all lower than CKS， Ciwas higher than CKS， and T2∶6， T2∶4， T3∶6 models were all better than T3∶4. The total yield and output value of T2∶6， T2∶4， T3∶6 intercropping systems were higher than those of T3∶4 and CKM. Compared to CKM， the total yield was increased by 8.22%， 6.51%， 5.91%， and the total output value was increased by 39.46%， 31.55%， 31.26%， respectively. The land equivalent ratio （LER） values ranged from 1.32 to 1.51， the intercropping advantage （IA） values ranged from 3 981.41 to 5 460.26 kg·hm^-2， the actual yield loss （AFL）values ranged from 0.67 to 1.60， and the relative crowding index （K）values ranged from 6.69 to 11.82， all of which had yield advantages， especially in T2∶6， T2∶4 and T3∶6 modes. Under the model of T2∶6， the soybean competition ratio （CRs） was greater than 1， the maize competition ratio （CRm） was less than 1， the maize aggressiveness （Am） was less than 0， and the soybean aggressiveness （As） was greater than 0 incdicating that the competitive ability of soybean was stronger than that of maize， and under other patterns， maize was stronger. In conclusion， the intercropping patterns not only optimize the agronomic traits of maize， but also effectively reduced the shading and shading effects of maize on soybean， improved the photosynthetic performance of crops， and then increased the total yield and output value of the intercropping system. The T2∶6 pattern was the best， followed by T2∶4 and T3∶6. This study has important theoretical guidance and practical significance for promoting maize/soybean intercropping and exploring crop yield potential in northwest Shandong Province.

In this study， the impact of space-induced mutagenesis on key agronomic traits in wheat was investigated by exposing the elite Canadian high-quality spring wheat cultivar Bluesky to this treatment. From the resulting mutant population， a novel spring wheat cultivar， Lanhangxuan L623 with superior quality， high-yielding and stripe rust resistance was successfully developed. Comparative analysis with the parent cultivar Bluesky revealed that Lanhangxuan L623 exhibited a reduced plant height， accompanied by a significant increase in spikelet number， thousand kernel weight， and yield. Lanhangxuan L623 exhibits slow rusting resistance to stripe rust at adult-plant stage and is characterized as a high-quality wheat cultivar with mediate to strong gluten content， making it ideally suited for bread-making purposes. Molecular markers targeting established stripe rust resistance genes and wheat gluten subunit genes were employed to elucidate the genetic profiles of Lanhangxuan L623 and its progenitor Bluesky. Our analysis confirmed the presence of rust resistance genes Yr18， Yr28， Yr29， YrZH22， and YrZH84 in both Lanhangxuan L623 and Bluesky. Furthermore， consistent genetic patterns across various molecular weight gluten subunit loci were observed in both cultivars. Comparison of Lanhangxuan L623 with its parent cultivar Bluesky demonstrated genetic variations in chromosomes 2B， 2D， 4D， 7A， and 7B with a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.86， as identified using simple sequence repeat （SSR） molecular markers for wheat authentication. The successful development of Lanhangxuan L623 underscores the effectiveness of aerospace-induced mutagenesis breeding technology in synergistically enhancing wheat yield， disease resistance， and quality attributes.

To investigate the effects of different concentrations of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid （ALA） and boron fertilizer on the growth of sweet potato and the accumulation of soluble sugars in tuberous roots.Sweet potato varieties Violet and Hami were used as test materials. The field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with different concentrations of boron fertilizer （BNa₃O₃， 0， 2， 4， and 8 g·L^-1） and ALA （0， 50， 100， and 150 mg·L^-1） spraying during the reproductive period of sweet potato. The aboveground vine length， leaf area， the ratio of top to root （T/R ratio）， photosynthetic parameters， and the content of soluble sugar， sucrose， fructose， and glucose in the belowground were measured at 60， 90， and 120 days after transplanting （DAP）of sweet potato， respectively. The correlation between the indexes was analyzed. The results showed that the 8 g·L^-1 boron fertilizer concentration treatment significantly increased the soluble sugar， sucrose， fructose， and glucose contents compared with the treatment without boron fertilizer. The low concentration of ALA promoted the growth and metabolism of sweet potato， and 50-100 mg·L^-1 ALA was more beneficial for promoting the accumulation of soluble sugars in sweet potato tubers. Sweet potato yield gradually increased with increasing boron fertilizer concentration， while exhibited a trend of an initial increase followed by a decrease with increasing ALA concentration. Violet had the highest yield under the interaction treatment of 8 g·L^-1 boron fertilizer and 100 mg·L^-1 ALA， with a theoretical yield of 87 817.50 kg·hm^-2， and Hami had the highest yield under the interaction treatment of 8 g·L^-1 boron fertilizer and 50 mg·L^-1 ALA， with a theoretical yield of 83 497.50 kg·hm^-2. Correlation analysis showed that the soluble sugar content was highly significantly correlated with photosynthetic parameters， sucrose content， fructose content， and yield. In conclusion， the combined application of 8 g·L^-1 boron fertilizer and 50-100 mg·L^-1 ALA had a better effect on the growth， yield， and soluble sugar accumulation of sweet potato. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of soluble sugar accumulation and high-quality cultivation of sweet potato.

Abscisic acid （ABA）， a pivotal phytohormone in plants， plays a crucial role in the response to abiotic stress. ABA mediates stress responses by activating various signal transduction pathways， including calcium ion signaling， reactive oxygen species （ROS） homeostasis， and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cascades， thereby inducing the expression of stress-responsive genes. The induced pathways facilitate the synthesis of osmotic regulators， heat shock proteins， and cold-responsive proteins， collectively enhancing plant adaptation to environmental stress. Within plant cells， ABA is perceived by its receptors， ABAR/RCAR， that are located either on the membrane or in the cytoplasm， thereby triggering downstream signaling cascades. Additionally， ABA regulates abiotic stress responses through multiple mechanisms including G-protein signaling， SnRK2 kinases activation， transcription factors modulation， and ROS homeostasis maintenance. This review focuses on recent advances in ABA research concerning plant response to abiotic stresses， particularly drought， salinity， and low-temperature stress. The aim is to provide insights that could facilitate targeted breeding approaches or the development of economically important plants species with enhanced tolerance to drought， low temperature， and salinity stresses.

Zn₂Cys₆-type transcription factors play an important role in regulating aflatoxins biosynthesis. In order to investigate the regulatory role of the Zn₂Cys₆-type transcription factor AFLA_041330 in this process， AFLA_041330 deletion and complementation strains were constructed using homologous recombination strategy. Its role in aflatoxin B1 （AFB1） biosynthesis was analyzed through transcriptome sequencing and physiological-biochemical assays. The results showed that deletion of AFLA_041330 significantly inhibited the growth， sporulation and AFB1 production in Aspergillus flavus. Transcriptome analysis found that several key genes associated with conidial development， glucanase， ABC transporters， oxidative phosphorylation， were significantly altered in AFLA_041330 deletion strain. Furthermore， stress assays， CFW fluorescence staining， PI staining， and DCFH-DA staining showed that deletion of AFLA_041330 disrupted the integrity of the cell wall and membrane， and induced reactive oxygen species ROS accumulation. This study confirmed that AFLA_041330 plays a crucial regulatory role in both the growth of A. flavus and AFB1 biosynthesis. And revealed that the deletion of AFLA_041330 suppressed the growth of A. flavus and led to a marked reduction in AFB1 production through compromising the structural integrity of the cell wall and cell membrane and triggering the accumulation of ROS. This study confirmed the positive regulatory role of AFLA_041330 in the growth of A. flavus and the biosynthesis of AFB1， provides scientific basis and theoretical support for controlling A. flavus and mitigating aflatoxin contamination.

To investigate the key components of plant essential oils with mosquito repellent properties， the repellent activity of 20 essential oils was assessed using a Y-type olfactometer. The compositions of essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）， and the physiological antennal response of mosquitoes to individual essential oil components was measured using gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection （GC-EAD）. The effective protection were provided by both the essential oils and their individual components were determined in accordance with GB/T 13917.9-2009 “Laboratory efficacy test methods and criterions of public health insecticides for pesticide registration-Part 9： Repellent”. Additionally， molecular docking simulations were conducted to examine the binding interaction between these components and mosquito olfactory proteins. The results revealed that several essential oils， including cinnamon oil， eucalyptus oil， tea tree oil， litsea pepper oil， moxie oil and peppermint oil exhibited significant repellent activity. A total of 17 monomers were extracted from the six essential oils above. Among them， cinnamaldehyde， γ-terpinene， and terpinen-4-ol demonstrated strong antennal potential （EAD） in mosquitoes. Furthermore， it was found that the effective protection duration provided by 20% cinnamaldehyde exceeded that of cinnamon essential oil by 22.29%， while γ-terpinene and terpinen-4-ol offered protection durations exceeding those of tea tree essential oil by 20.00% and 90.00%， respectively. The simulated molecular docking results showed that the binding energies of cinnamaldehyde and terpinen-4-ol to the odorant binding protein （OBP1） of Aedes albopictus were less than-5 kcal·mol^-1， indicating good binding properties. In conclusion， cinnamaldehyde and terpinen-4-ol may serve as core components within cinnamon essential oil and tea tree essential oil for mosquito repellency purposes. These findings provide valuable insights for identifying mosquito-repellent compounds within essential oils.

To evaluate the freshness-preserving effects of 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP） and ethylene absorber （EA） on the post-harvest storage of prunes， this study evaluated the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP）， ethylene absorbents （EA）， and their combined application （EA+1-MCP） on maintaining postharvest quality and flavor characteristics of ‘French’ plums （Prunus domestica L.） during cold storage （0 ℃， relative humidity 80%-90%）. The results showed that all three treatment groups delayed the deterioration of fruit quality compared to the control group （CK）， with the EA+1-MCP treatment group demonstrating the most significant preservation effect. This combined treatment significantly suppressed the increases in weight loss rate， relative electrical conductivity， and chromatic parameters （L^* and b^* ）， while effectively inhibiting the decreases in a^* values， fruit firmness， and titratable acidity. It maintained higher soluble solids content， postponed respiratory and ethylene production peaks， and resulted in 30.31% higher total phenolic content and 23.53 percentage points higher ascorbic acid retention rate compared to CK at the end of cold storage. Electronic nose and electronic tongue analyses further confirmed that EA+1-MCP treatment optimally preserved prune-specific flavor profiles during cold storage. In conclusion， the synergistic EA+1-MCP treatment demonstrated superior efficacy in maintaining postharvest quality and flavor integrity of prunes. This study provides scientific guidance for the research and development of postharvest storage and preservation technologies for prunes.

Quality characterisation is crucial for the quality control. In order to analyse the quality characteristics of different grades of vine tea， the non-volatile components （flavonoids） and volatile components （VOCs） of three grades of vine tea， namely， bud tip， tender leaf and aged leaf， were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and gas Chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS） techniques. The results showed that the contents of four kinds of flavonoids such as dihydromyricetin， taxifolin， myricetin and myricitrin in the bud tip leaf and tender leaf were significantly higher than that of the aged leaf， the contents of dihydromyricetin and myricitrin in the tender leaf were higher than that of the bud tip， and the contents of taxifolin and myricetin in the bud tip were higher than that of the tender leaf. A total of 50 kinds of VOCs were identified by GC-IMS technology， including 14 kinds of aldehydes， 16 kinds of esters， and 7 kinds of alcohols， 5 ketones， 3 pyrazines， and 5 others. As obtained from the fingerprints of GC-IMS， 8 kinds of components such as 2-methyl propanal and methyl acetate were higher in bud tip， 7 components such as 1-pentanol and heptanal were higher in tender leaf， and 22 compounds such as styrene and 1-nonanal were higher in aged leaf. Furthermore， the volatile substances in different grades of vine tea were obvious different from principal component analysis （PCA） and Euclidean distance strategies. Moreover， this study provides data support and scientific basis for quality improvement of vine tea.

MYB is one of the most abundant and functionally diverse transcription factors in fungi， representing a highly conserved family of transcription factors in eukaryotes. To identify the MYB family in Ganoderma lingzhi and the potential role in the metabolism of pharmacodynamic ingredients， based on the whole genome of Ganoderma lingzhi， this study identified members of the MYB gene family in G. lingzhi using a hidden Markov model. Bioinformatics methods were employed to analyze their chromosomal localization， collinearity， gene structure， phylogenetic tree， and cis-regulatory elements. Additionally， qRT-PCR was used to examine the expression levels of G. lingzhi MYB under MeJA and in different tissues. The results revealed that G. lingzhi harbors 9 MYB members （GlMYB1-GlMYB9）， which were classified into 4 subfamilies and distributed across 9 different chromosomes. Interspecies collinearity analysis demonstrated the conservation of G. lingzhi within the Polyporaceae family， while phylogenetic tree and conserved motif analyses indicated the evolutionary conservation of G. lingzhi MYB. Promoter cis-element analysis showed that G. lingzhi MYB contains numerous light responsive elements， hormone responsive elements， and stress responsive elements， particularly jasmonic acid responsive elements. The results of qRT-PCR confirmed that the expression levels of GlMYB varied significantly across different developmental stages， with GlMYB9 showing high expression in mycelium， young fruiting bodies， and mature fruiting bodies. Under MeJA treatment， the expression of most GlMYB members was upregulated， except for GlMYB1， GlMYB5， and GlMYB7. Notably， GlMYB4 and GlMYB9 exhibited the most pronounced upregulation. These findings identified key candidate genes that may play crucial roles in G. lingzhi development and stress responses and provided an important theoretical foundation for further exploration of the physiological mechanisms underlying G. lingzhi growth and development， as well as its responses to hormones and abiotic stress， and offer insights into the genetic regulation of secondary metabolism in G. lingzhi.