In order to alleviate the effects of insufficient chilling on abnormal flower bud differentiation in plum which was common in the main plum producing areas in southern China， breeding new varieties of plum with high quality was an urgent need. Sanyueli （Prunus salicina L.）， which had the characteristics of early-maturing and low-chilling-requirement， was selected as the material. The annual branches of Sanyueli were chosen for Cobalt 60-ray （⁶⁰Co-γ） irradiation （50 Gy）， and then single-bud was grafted on the branch of 3-year-old peach （Prunus persica L.）. Among the grafted seedlings， a mutant with obvious variation in color and maturity stage was obtained. It was finally named Fuhong. To evaluate the quality and advantages of Fuhong and breed new varieties， the differences between Fuhong and Sanyueli in morphological characteristics， biological characteristics， quality characteristics， disease resistance， and yield were compared through phenotypic observation， quality analysis and molecular identification. The results showed that Fuhong retained the characteristic of low-chilling-requirement of Sanyueli. Furthermore， its color of peel and flesh were mutated into purple red， and the maturity period was delayed about 40 d. The weight of single fruit of Fuhong increased by 2.67 times， which was significantly higher than that of Sanyueli （P < 0.01）； and the content of soluble solid， the ratio of sugar to acid were also significantly higher than those of Sanyueli （P < 0.01）. The regional test in three ecological areas of Fujian showed that Fuhong had excellent and stable yield performance， higher than that of Sanyueli. This new plum variety Fuhong had the advantages of low-chilling-requirement， red flesh， large fruit weight， high sweetness and better quality. It would be preferable in market promotion.

Over past two decades， the application of nuclear techniques has been integrated into many aspects of scientific research and production practice in food and agriculture， and nuclear techniques are unique and irreplaceable in some areas. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments and major achievements from the nuclear application in major fields of food and agriculture around the world. The application status and innovative development of nuclear techniques in the fields of animal production and health， food safety and control， plant mutation breeding and genetics， water and soil management and agricultural environment， and insect pest control were reviewed emphatically. Considering many severe global challenges faced by the food and agriculture around the world， the authors discussed and showed the prospects and strategic priorities of nuclear application in food and agriculture.

In order to investigate the genetical variations in early coloring trait of irradiation-induced mutant Bingtang sweet orange， the early coloring of the fruits and the changes in the intrinsic quality of sugar and acid， and validate whether it was an early-maturing mutant. The mutant and the control Bingtang sweet orange were used as materials， the changes in traits and characteristics such as spring tip length， spring tip leaves， floral organs， fruit size， peel color change， and the main seasonal period were analyzed. Molecular markers were applied to identify the genetic variations， and the changes in the soluble solids， titratable acid， and solid-acid ratio， as well as the expression of the genes related to sucrose and citric acid metabolism in the fruits of the mutant and control Bingtang sweet orange were investigated. The results showed that the mutant had significantly shorter spring tips， larger fruits at maturity， peel and flesh coloring orange-yellow and orange 15 d earlier， and the main seasonal period was 2-5 d earlier than that of the control Bingtang sweet orange. Differential bands were found in the amplification in mutant with both insertion and deletion （InDel） markers and simple sequence repeats （SSR） markers， showing genetically alteration. The external color and internal quality of the early maturing mutant fruit reached normal ripeness at 190 d after flowering， with soluble solids， titratable acidity， and sugar-to-acid ratio of 14.53° Brix， 0.46% and 31.59， respectively. The mutant exhibited low acidity， early acid reduction， high sugar-to-acid ratio， and matured 15 days earlier than the control. Expression analysis of genes related to sucrose and citric acid synthesis， degradation， and transport revealed that the synthesis of sucrose in the early maturing mutant was higher and the transport was early， while the synthesis of citric acid was lower， and the degradation was faster and storage was less. These characteristics were aligned with the fruit quality. In conclusion， the irradiation-induced mutant underwent changes in plant traits， biological characteristics， and DNA. The mutant exhibited early acid reduction， low acidity， high sugar-to-acid ratio， and reached color maturity in early November. This study laid the foundation for further selection and registration of this mutant as new early maturing Bingtang sweet variety.

To investigate the effects of space mutation on the growth and physiological characteristics of four woody flowers， a new generation of manned experimental spacecraft was used to carry the seeds of Delonix regia， Jacaranda mimosifolia， Callistemon speciosus， and Cassia fistula. After returning to the ground， the growth characteristics， leaf morphology， pigment content， and physiological activities of the container seedlings were determined. The results showed that after space mutation the survival rate of D. regia increased by 6.92 percentage points， whereas that of J. mimosifolia and C. speciosus decreased by 8.12 and 10.66 percentage points， respectively， and the survival rate of C. fistula had no significant change. The growth characteristics of D. regia and C. fistula seedlings， such as plant height， ground diameter， leaf number， and leaf （axis） area were decreased by 25.74% and 45.15%， 11.14% and 19.51%， 9.13% and 31.60%， 33.62% and 32.26%， respectively. The plant height， ground diameter， leaf number， and leaf length of C. speciosus seedlings andtheaxis length and axis area of J. mimosifolia seedlings were increased by 64.93%， 37.09%， 118.25%， 18.78%， 26.49%， and 37.29%， respectively. The soluble sugar content of D. regia， J. mimosifolia， and C. speciosus seedlings leaves increased by 36.46%， 16.77%， and 7.23%， respectively. The soluble sugar content and PDHA activity of C. fistula seedling leaves were decreased by 8.59% and 39.83%， respectively. Combined the results of correlation analysis， it was deduced that space mutation inhibited the growth and leaf morphological characteristics of D. regia and C. fistula seedlings， causing negative variation. While space mutation caused positive variations in the growth and leaf shape characteristics of C. speciosus seedlings and the leaf shape characteristics of J. mimosifolia seedlings. It had no significant effect on the pigment content of the four woody flower seedlings. The impacts of space mutation on the physiologically active substances in the leaves of D. regia，J. mimosifolia， and C. speciosus seedlings were more significant than that on C. fistula. These results indicate that space mutation had an vital effect on the growth and development of four woody flower seedlings. The impacts of space mutation varied with the different characteristics of the tree species. It is an effective way to improve the germplasm of woody flowers.

We studied the nifH-gene communities and physico-chemical properties of rhizosphere soils from flue-cured tobacco amended with plant growth promoting Lysinibacillus sp.， Streptomyces phaeochromogenes and Aspergillus niger in Huili， Liangshan， China， strains to assess the connections between nitrogen cycling， fertilizer regimes and soil quality. In conventional fertilization， the application of plant growth promoting strains resulted in lower pH higher available phosphorus content and nitrogenase activity （P<0.05）. Generally， the application of plant growth promoting strains increased the diversity of nifH-gene community. Proteobacteria， Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria were the dominant phyla， and Bradyrhizobium， Geobacter and Azospirillum were the dominant genera. In the redundancy analysis （RDA）， soil pH and the contents of soil available potassium and available nitrogen were correlated with the nifH-gene containing bacterial community. In conclusion， the results suggested that a plant growth promoting strain inoculum could affect the nutritional status of flue-cured tobacco cultivation soil， increase the nitrogenase activity and modify the nifH-gene community composition and diversity.

miR396， a conserved microRNA in plants， serves as a pivotal regulator of plant growth， development， and signaling by targeting specific genes for cleavage or repression. This review provides an extensive examination of miR396’s multifaceted roles and target interactions， with a particular focus on its evolutionary significance and practical applications in agriculture. The objective of this review is to establish a foundation for future inquiries into miR396’s regulatory functions in plant development， enhancing crop productivity， and optimizing nutrient utilization.

To establish an appropriate method for screening free-living conchocelis mutants of Neoporphyra haitanensis， the conchocelis were exposed to ⁶⁰Co-γ-ray irradiation. Subsequently， the irradiated conchocelis were separately cultured in seawater and on scallop shells to observe the mutation rate of the conchocelis. The results indicated that， after exposure to γ-ray irradiation， conchocelis retained the ability to penetrate scallop shells， and showed rich color mutations. The highest mutation rate was observed at a radiation dose of 1 000 Gy， with the mutation rates of free-living conchocelis being consistently lower than those of shell-borne conchocelis under different radiation intensities. Furthermore， to investigate the optimal growth temperature and culture medium for mutants， pink and green mutants induced by ⁶⁰Co-γ-ray radiation were cultured on scallop shells， agar medium， and in seawater. Four temperature gradients （14， 17， 20， 23 ℃） were set， and the changes in the length， width， and branching of mutant conchocelis cells were observed. The results revealed that the pink and green mutants exhibited relatively stable mutation and the growths were optimum when grown at a temperature of 23 ℃ on scallop shell substrates. In the case of the pink mutant， the conchoceli had a length of 190.35 μm， a width of 12.23 μm， and branches numbers of 10.00. The growth rates for width and branching numbers were approximately 19.43% and 28.21%， respectively. For the green mutant， the conchoceli’s length， width， and branching numbers were 115.89 μm， 11.26 μm， and 3.80， respectively， with a width growth rate of approximately 9.96%. Hence， the results provided a new method for screening free-living conchocelis mutants of N. haitanensis， and could be beneficial for exploring the optimal cultivation temperature and substrates for the growth and development of mutants.

FLOWERING LOCUS T （FT） subfamily plays an important role in plant growth and development. In order to explore the expression characteristics and biological functions of FT gene in moso bamboo， a FT homologous gene PheFT12a was obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）.The coding sequence （CDS） of PheFT12a was 522 bp in length， contained four exons and three introns， and encoded 173 amino acids. The encoded protein contained a complete phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding protein（PEBP） domain. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that PheFT12a had the closest relationship with OsFTL12 in rice （Oryza sativa）， but had a relatively distant relationship with OsFTL2 （Heading date 3a， Hd3a） and AtFT. The quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） results showed that the expression of PheFT12a was the highest in leaves of moso bamboo seedlings， followed by stems. Subcellular localization assay showed that PheFT12a protein was located in the nucleus and cytoplasm， mainly enriched in the nucleus. The phenotype of Arabidopsis ft mutant transformed with 35S∷PheFT12a showed that PheFT12a could complement the late flowering phenotype of ft mutant and increased the number of stems and lateral branches. This study provides a reference for further analysis of the biological function of PheFT12a， and provides basic information for the molecular mechanism of bamboo flowering and shoot development.

Chemical mutagenesis is a traditional breeding technique in improving plant resistance to cold， drought， salt， alkali and etc.， which is favored by breeders. Plant tissue culture technology is an effective way to achieve rapid reproduction of cell or plantlet. Combing these two technologies， the mutation frequency can be improved greatly and the range of plant genetic variation would be expanded. In recent years， the combination of chemical mutagenesis and biotechnology has shown a positive prospect in the resistance breeding， and has important practical significance for breeding new crop varieties. This paper mainly reviews the characteristics of chemical mutagenesis， the mutagenesis mechanism and application methods of chemical agents ［mainly ethyl methane sulfonate（EMS） and sodium azide（NaN₃）］， mutagenesis efficiency and its influencing factors. And the applications of chemical mutagenesis in plant stress resistance breeding are also introduced.

Wheat yellow mosaic disease is one of the important diseases affecting the yield of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In order to screen germplasm resources resistant to wheat yellow mosaic disease， the assessment of disease resistance of 279 wheat varieties from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River， bred in the past 30 years， was conducted in a virus-contaminated nursery. The transmission process of resistant quantitative trait locus （QTL） in the varieties （lines） was analyzed using molecular markers linked to the major QTLs， QYm.nau-5A.1 and QYm.nau-2D， which were linked to the resistance to wheat yellow mosaic disease. Among 279 wheat varieties， 62.4% showing disease resistance， of which 30 and 98 materials contain QYm.nau-5A.1 and QYm.nau-2D respectively， 9 materials containing both QTLs and 37 materials having neither QTL. This result indicated the existence possibility of other disease resistant genes/QTLs. The proportion of susceptible materials is 37.6%， among which 6 and 25 materials containing only QYm.nau-5A.1 and QYm.nau-2D respectively， and 74 materials contain neither QTLs. Further analysis of the pedigree of wheat varieties （lines） showed that the QYm.nau-5A.1 was mainly derived from Xifeng and is transmitted through Ningmai 9， while QYm.nau-2D was mainly derived from Sumai 6， Yangfumai 9311 and Zhengmai 9023， among which the resistance QTL in Sumai 6 was mainly transmitted through Zhenmai 9. This study provides a theoretical support for the mining of new disease resistance genes and molecular breeding of wheat varieties resistant to wheat yellow mosaic disease in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

In order to elucidate the genetic network of plant architecture and flowering time in rice， a mutant named blief （basal leaves inclination and early flowering） which derived from irradiation of indica variety Zhenhui832 （R832） was used as the material. Phenotype identification， genetic analysis， gene mapping and candidate gene analysis were performed. Results showed that： compared with the wild type， blief displayed stronger germinability， the angles of the basal six leaves were significantly increased， then recovered to erect. The heading date was significantly earlier than that of wild type under different environmental conditions， and main agronomic traits were changed significantly. Genetic analysis showed that blief was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. BLIEF was fine mapped in a 51 kb interval between the InDel markers BL3-24 and BL3-27 on the short arm of Chromosome 3. Genomic sequencing， functional marker testing and qRT-PCR analysis deduced that BLIEF was a nonfunctional allele of Phytochrome B （OsPhyB）. The expression level of several genes involved in photoperiodic response and plant architecture establishment were changed. The map-based cloning of BLIEF not only sheds a new light on understanding of the complex network of plant architecture establishment and flowering time in rice， but also provides genetic resource for high-yield， early-maturing rice variety breeding.

To enrich the resources of strains which can produce 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate （ACC） deaminase and to explore the ecological environment improvement methods in saline-alkali land， strains producing high ACC deaminase production ability were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Kalidium foliatum in Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture， Xinjiang. The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene identification， and their growth-promoting effects on plant seedlings were verified. As a result， a total of 26 isolates were screened， and their enzyme activity were 0.4-5.6 U·mg^-1， with the highest activity in strains PM14， PM16 and PM24. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that strains PM14， PM16， and PM24 belonged to genus Enterobacter， Lysinibacillus， and Pseudomonas， respectively. The seed pot experiments showed that the ACC deaminase producing strains had a significant promoting effect on both the development of aboveground （plant height， aboveground dry weight） and underground parts （root length， root dry weight） of Arabidopsis thaliana under non-saline stress. And the strains could also improve the development of aboveground part （plant height， stem diameter， fresh weight， shoot dry weight， and chlorophyll content） and underground part （root dry weight） of wheat seedlings under saline-alkali stress， especially the strain PM16. In addition， strains PM14 and PM16 had the ability of phosphorus solubilization， nitrogen fixation， and indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） production， whereas strain PM24 had the ability of nitrogen fixation， all belong to multifunctional strains. This study provided strain resources and theoretical support for the development of microbial fertilizer in saline-alkali land.

Sea buckthorn（Hippophae rhamnoids L.） is rich in a variety of beneficial functional active substances. In order to improve the retention rate of its functional components and the comprehensive quality of its products， sea buckthorn powder was prepared by two freeze-drying processes： low-temperature sublimation （20 ℃） vacuum freeze-drying （FD-1） and high-temperature sublimation （60 ℃） vacuum freeze-drying （FD-2）. Various indexes of sea buckthorn powder were determined， and factor analysis was carried out by establishing mathematical models for quality indexes， aroma， volatile components and small-molecule active components of sea buckthorn powder. The results showed that the content of L， a， b， vitamin C， FRI （flow rate sensitivity）， DPPH （DPPH free radical clearance）， ABTS （ABTS free radical clearance）， FRAP （iron ion reducing power） of sea buckthorn powder prepared by FD-1 was superior to that of FD-2， which mainly reflected the color and antioxidant activity of sea buckthorn powder. FD-2 is superior to FD-1 in the specific flow energy， total flow energy， shear property， carotenoid and compressibility， which mainly reflects the powder characteristics of sea buckthorn powder. A total of 68 compounds were detected by small molecule metabolic component analysis. Factor analysis showed that the characteristic groups in FD-1 were salvianolic acid A， iso-ascorbic acid， iso-rhamnetin， epigallocatechin， etc. The characteristic groups in FD-2 were divided into ［6］-gingerol， isorhamnetin 3-neohesperidin， tartaric acid， vitamin C， quercetin， etc. It was proved that the active components of sea buckthorn powder prepared by different lyophilization processes had significant differences. There were also significant differences in the volatile components of the two seabuckthorn powders. 153 volatile components were detected. The characteristic groups of FD-1 were nonaldehyde， 2-methyl-butyl 3-methylbutyrate， isoamyl isovalerate， ethyl 3-methyl-butyrate， etc. The characteristic components of FD-2 are isopropyl alcohol， dimethyl disulfide， phenacetaldehyde， etc.， which indicates that the difference of freeze-drying temperature parameters has a significant effect on the volatile components of sea buckthorn powder. By comparing the differences of sea-buckthorn powder in color， powder properties， functional components， antioxidant activity and volatile components， the comprehensive quality of sea-buckthorn powder freeze-dried at 20℃ was significantly better than that at 60℃. The results of this study provided a technical support for the development of high quality sea buckthorn powder freeze-drying products.

According to the characteristics of low seed vigor， field seedling and weak seedling growth of sweet corn， the seed coating agent with alginic acid as the main component was designed to improve sweet corn seed quality before sowing. The effects of alginic acid coating 1 （SC1）， alginic acid + manganese sulfate + 6-benzylaminopurine （6-BA） coating 2 （SC2） and alginic acid + manganese sulfate + 6-BA + imidacloprid coating 3 （SC3） on the seed vigor， antioxidant enzyme system， yield and yield components of sweet corn under laboratory and field conditions were studied. Untreated seeds （CK1） were used as the control in laboratory experiments， and untreated seeds and the commercial coating agent thiazazide （CK2） were used as the control in field experiments. The results showed that SC3 treatment of ZheTian2088 （ZT2088） was higher than other treatments and the germination potential and germination rate were increased by 11.4 and 15.7 percentage points compared with CK1， respectively， and the germination index and vigor index were increased by 19.1% and 53.9%， respectively. In addition， the activities of peroxidase （POD）， catalase （CAT）， superoxide dismutase （SOD） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） of ZT2088 with SC3 treatment were increased by 74.5%， 137.3%， 29.5% and 42.0%， respectively， compared with CK. The content of malondialdehyde （MDA） was decreased by 43.6%， and reached a significant difference level （P<0.05）. The expression of ZmAPX1， ZmMSD3.4， ZmCAT1 and ZmPOD5 of SC3 treatment was increased by 55.6%， 35.8%， 74.7% and 31.3% compared with CK， respectively. The highest seedling emergence rate of ZT2088 was recorded under SC3 treatment with 86.5%， and the yield was 709.0 kg·667 m^-2， which was 7.3% and 2.5% higher than CK1 and CK2， respectively. The panicle number was increased by 7.0% and 1.9%， respectively. There was no significant difference in single panicle weight among treatments. The trend of the results of Zhetian11 （ZT11） was basically consistent with that of ZT2088. These results indicate that the coating agent with alginic acid as the main component may promote seed germination and seedling establishment by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes during seed germination， and thus increase the yield of sweet corn. This study provides feasible pre-sowing treatment technology for high quality production of sweet corn.

In order to investigate the biological effects of electron accelerator source radiation on wheat， wheat seeds were treated with 10 MeV electron accelerator radiation and the effects of different radiation doses on the growth， physiological characteristics and chromosome morphology of root tip cells were analyzed. The results showed that the germination rate of wheat seeds did not differ significantly under 200 and 400 Gy radiation treatment， and with the increase of radiation dose， the germination time was obviously prolonged， the growth rate was slowed down， and the height of wheat seedlings grew for 10 d decreased by 49.67% and 81.32%， the root length decreased by 74.79% and 89.67%， and the fresh weight decreased by 50.93% and 62.01%. Meanwhile， CAT activity of wheat leaves at the two-leaf and one-center stage increased by 171.01% and 37.69%， POD activity increased by 89.77% and 59.74%， soluble protein content increased by 63.20% and 102.45%， MDA content increased by 44.85% and 75.36%， H₂O₂ content increased by 120.64% and 175.78%， SOD activity decreased by 34.91% and 45.45%， chlorophyll a content decreased by 42.55% and 54.69%， and chlorophyll b content decreased by 28.03% and 54.44%， suggesting that high dose （400 Gy） of radiation affects plant metabolism and the consequently growth. The mitotic index of wheat root tip cells decreased by 4.37 and 6.00 percentage points， the aberration rate increased by 6.80 and 16.19 percentage points， and the micronucleus rate increased by 6.02 and 14.22 percentage points under treatment with 200 and 400 Gy radiation， respectively， indicating that high dose of radiation caused root tip cells division abnormally， and chromosome aberrations， and inhibited the growth rate， which adversely affected the normal growth of wheat. The results showed that the high dose of radiation caused the root tip cells to be unable to mitosis normally， and caused chromosome aberrations and growth rate inhibition， which adversely affected the normal growth of wheat. Our findings provide a theoretical reference for electron gas pedal source radiation mutagenesis breeding in wheat.

This study investigated the influence of different rootstock-scion combinations on the grafting survival rate and fruit quality of P. humilis. Thus， the survival rate， rate of crown gall and fruit quality of P. humilis grafted with three rootstocks （i.‍e.， Amygdalus pcdunculata Pall， Cerasus tomentosa （Thunb.） Wall， and Armeniaca sibirica （L.） Lam） were compared using principal component analysis （PCA）. The self-rooted P. humilis seedlings was used as the control. Results showed that the grafting survival rate of P. humilis/Amygdalus pcdunculata Pall was 87.33%， and the value was 98.00% after three years. The incidence of crown gall in different rootstock-scion combinations was 0， but it was found at 18.41% in the control sample. Compared with the self-rooted seedlings of Prumus humilis， the yield of per grafted seedling and the titrable acid contents of fruit were significantly reduced， but the other indexes of fruit quality were improved. Among all groups， the P. humilis/A. pcdunculata Pall group had the highest single fruit weight， fruit transverse diameter， soluble solid content， soluble sugar content and anthocyanin content， the P. humilis/Cerasus tomentosa （Thunb.） Wall group had the highest calcium and zinc content， and the P. humilis/Armeniaca sibirica （L.） Lam group had the highest Flavonoid content， TSS/TA and iron content. Finally， P. humilis/A. pcdunculata Pall group gained the highest D-value score of 0.746 based on PCA analysis. In conclusion， grafting can reduce the incidence of crown gall and change the fruit quality of P. humilis. Among the different rootstock-scion combinations， P. humilis/A. pcdunculata Pall possessed the best characters.

In order to ascertain the resistance to rice blast and the distribution of rice blast resistance genes， evaluate the effects of rice blast resistance genes， 65 glutinous rice varieties （lines） were used to identify their resistance to rice blast by the combination of natural induction identification and artificial inoculation identification. The genotypes were analyzed with the kompetitive allele-specific PCR（KASP） markers of Pi2， Pi9， Pigm， Pi1， Pikh， Pik， Pi5 and Pita. The proportion of varieties with resistance to rice blast identified by natural induction in 2021 and by artificial inoculation in 2021-2022 were 41.6%， 24.6% and 6.2% respectively. It showed that the resistance of glutinous rice varieties （lines） to rice blast fluctuated greatly between years， and the overall resistance was ordinary. In addition to Pigm， other seven disease resistance genes were all distributed in these rice lines， with a large difference in distribution frequency. Pita gene had the highest distribution frequency among the tested materials， reaching 67.7%， followed by Pikh， Pi9， Pi2， Pi5， Pik， Pi1 genes with the frequency of 47.7%， 38.5%， 27.7% ，13.8%， 4.6%， 1.5%， respectively. The tested glutinous rice varieties carried 0-4 resistance genes， and only Liannuo 19105 carried 4 resistance genes. The varieties approved by the National and Jiangsu carried the highest proportion of Pita， the varieties approved by Anhui carried the highest proportion of Pi9， and the varieties approved by Shandong carried the highest proportion of Pi5， but do not carry Pi2 gene. Pik gene only existed in varieties approved by the National and Jiangsu. The tested varieties carrying three resistance genes had the best resistance， among which ‘Pi2+Pita+Pik’， ‘Pi9+Pita+Pik’ showed 100% resistance by natural induction and artificial inoculation for two consecutive years， and the disease resistance was stable between years， which could be used as the main genes combination for improving the blast resistance of japonica glutinous rice. The results of this study provided a basis for disease resistance improvement of japonica glutinous rice.

To study the effects of storage temperatures on the changes of sugar and acid components and related enzyme activities of passion fruit during postharvest storage， passion fruit Ziguo No.1 was stored at different temperatures （5， 15 and 25 ℃）. Soluble solids （TSS）， titratable acid （TA）， organic acids， soluble sugar， and enzyme activities related to sugar metabolism were measured. Malic acid， α-ketoglutarate， and ascorbic acid in passion fruit were significantly higher than those stored at 15 and 25 ℃ at 5 ℃ after 8 days’ storage （P<0.05）， which indicated that low temperature could effectively inhibit the degradation of malic acid， α-ketoglutarate， and ascorbic acid， thus maintaining a high TA content. When stored for 8 days， the sucrose content in passion fruit at 5 ℃ was significantly higher than those stored 15 and 25 ℃（P<0.05）， indicating that low temperature could effectively inhibit sucrose degradation， leading to a high TSS content. Correlation and principal component analysis showed that low temperature could inhibit the decomposition of sucrose by significantly affecting the activity of acid invertase （AI） （P<0.05）. Therefore， AI can regulate the degradation of sucrose to glucose and fructose during the storage of passion fruit and maintain the quality of passion fruit. The results of this experiment can provide the data basis for further analysis of the sugar and acid metabolism mechanism of passion fruit.

To explore the formation mechanism of aroma substances in fresh jujube and provide scientific proof for the changes in aroma quality during storage and processing， this paper investigated the changes of aroma components in fresh jujube of Hupingzao（HPZ）， Banzao（BZ）， and Zanhuangdazao（ZHDZ） at various stages of maturity and their relationship with the functions of key enzymes of LOX pathway. Headspace solid phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （HS-SPME-GC-MS） analysis technology was used to qualify and quantify the volatile compounds. The contribution of volatile compounds to the fresh jujube aroma was evaluated by the aroma activity value （OAV）. Simultaneously， ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to detect changes in the key enzyme activities of the lipoxygenase pathway in fresh jujube. A total of 46 aroma components was identified； and among them， hexanal， （E）-2-hexenal， （Z）-2-heptenal， （E）-2-nonenal， （E）-2-octenal， 1-penten-3-one， and lauric acid had significant contributions to the aroma of fresh jujube. In addition， the content of （E）-2-hexenal was the highest aroma in HPZ （0.18-2.20 mg·kg^-1）， BZ （2.09-4.67 mg·kg^-1） and ZHDZ （2.07-4.20 mg·kg^-1）. Moreover， it was increased along with the maturity stage in ZHDZ. Aldehydes， esters， and ketones were significantly impacted by the simultaneous maximum activities of lipoxygenases （LOX）， alcoholdehydrogenase （ADH）， and alcohol acyl transferase （AAT） at various ripening stages. In conclusion， there are notable differences in the contents of aroma components at different maturity stages of fresh jujube and that changes in key enzyme activities of LOX pathway during the ripening process of fresh jujube were closely related to changes in aroma compounds. This study elucidates the mechanism of quality formation during fruit ripening， which offered a crucial scientific foundation for the regulation and quality control of fresh jujube.

To explore the feasibility of identifying the geographical origin of abalone by combining Sr stable isotope and multi-element， Haliotis discus hannai from Dalian， Liaoning， Changdao， Rongcheng， Shandong， and Lianjiang， Fujian were used in this study. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr， ⁸⁸Sr/⁸⁶Sr and 20 mineral elements in different tissues of abalone （gastropod muscle， muscle edge， digestive glands and gonads， mantle） were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Three chemometrics methods were used to construct the abalone origin traceability model and screen high-quality indicators. The results showed that there were significant differences in 22 indexes of 4 tissues （except for Li element of digestive glands and gonads） among 4 origins （P<0.05）. Through the dimension reduction processing of principal component analysis， abalone from different origins can be distinguished to a certain extent by using 22 indicators， but there were overlap as well. Two method of discriminant analysis were used to establish a discriminant model in gastropod muscle， muscle edge， digestive glands and gonads， mantle of abalone. The correct discrimination rates of the four tissues in orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were 99.0%， 97.0%， 99.0%， and 95.5%， respectively. The cross-validation accuracy rates for the four tissues of linear discriminant analysis （LDA） were 97.0%， 97.5%， 99.0%， and 96.0%， respectively. Both models showed good discrimination effect. Compared with the independent identification of Sr stable isotope， the accuracy of identification of all tissues by Sr stable isotope and multi-element combination has been improved. The combination of muscle tissue （gastropod muscle， muscle edge） and digestive glands and gonads can accurately identify the origin of abalone with 100% accuracy， reflecting a good traceability effect. This research aims to construct a fast and efficient abalone origin identification technology to ensure the authenticity of origin information and provides data support for the establishment of a sound aquatic product traceability system.