To make full use of shark cartilage resources， taking the osteoblasts proliferation rate as an indicator， on the basis of optimizing the enzymatic hydrolysis process of promoting osteoblast proliferation collagen peptides， the relative molecular weight， amino acid composition and stability of the hydrolysates were analyzed in the study. The results showed that acid protease was the optimal protease among all types of protease. Under the conditions of enzyme dosage of 5 100 U·g^-1， solid-liquid ratio of 1∶50 （g·mL^-1）， enzymatic hydrolysis time of 4.14 h and temperature of 55 ℃， the enzymatic hydrolysates yield was 91.23% and the osteoblast proliferation rate and hydrolysis degree of the prepared hydrolysates were 141.23% and 25.03%， respectively. Shark cartilage collagen peptides showed a certain degree of stability and were insensitive to ultraviolet light. Appropriate heating could enhance their osteoblast proliferation rate， but excessively high temperatures led to a significant decrease in osteoblast proliferation rate. After simulated gastrointestinal digestion， the osteoblast proliferation rate of the hydrolysates was significantly decreased. The prepared hydrolysates were mainly composed of hydrophobic amino acids with peptide molecular weights generally less than 3 kDa. They demonstrated the ability to promote osteoblast proliferation， differentiation， and mineralization， with the best effect observed at a concentration of 1.0 mg·mL^-1. This study provides a theoretical basis for the deep processing and high-value utilization of shark resources.

To explore the difference of volatile compounds between the watercore and normal tissue of Qianxuan No.3 apple， and to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of characteristic aroma substances in apple watercore， gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （GC-MS/MS） and Illumina HiSeq^TM high-throughput sequencing techniques were conducted to obtain the metabolome and transcriptome data of the watercore and normal tissue of Qianxuan No.3. Transcriptomics analysis revealed 1 795 differentially expressed genes （DEGs）， including 671 down-regulated genes and 1 124 up-regulated genes. Additionally， 7 genes related to fatty acid synthesis pathway and 8 genes related to alcohol dehydrogenase were explored. In this study， 353 metabolites were detected through widely targeted metabolomics， identifying 20 differential accumulated metabolites， including 8 up-regulated metabolites and 12 down-regulated metabolites. Notably， the relative contents of ethyl hexanoate and nonanal in the apple watercore tissue were significantly higher than those in the normal tissue. The transcriptome-metabolomics association analysis illustrated that 11 DEGs were positively correlated with ethyl hexanoate and nonanal， while 2 DEGs were negatively correlated with ethyl hexanoate within fatty acid synthesis pathway and the alcohol dehydrogenase family. MdFAD6， MdADH2， MdADH3， and MdADH4 were found to be expressed exclusively in watercore tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） results showed that the relative expression levels of these genes in watercore tissues were significantly up-regulated compared to those in normal tissues， suggesting that these genes may play a crucial role in the synthesis pathway of volatile compounds in watercore apples. The differential metabolites and genes identified in this study will not only provide preliminary insights into the biological basis of flavor changes in watercore tissues， but also provide reference information for the quality improvement of watercore apples.

In order to investigate the volatile components in the petals of Camellia varieties Scented Sun， High Fragrance and Chidan at different flowering stages， HS-SPME and GC-MS techniques were employed in conjunction with relative odor activity values （ROAVs） to identify key aroma components. By using transcriptome sequencing technology， floral fragrance biosynthesis pathways and genes related to the floral fragrance were explored. The results showed that the main floral aroma components of three varieties consisted of monoterpenes and benzenoids/phenylpropanoids， with the highest concentration of monoterpenes and significant differences in composition and content among the varieties. A total of 16 characteristic aroma components were identified， with linalool being the key aroma component that plays a dominant role in the overall aroma profile of Camellia. Seven structural genes from the mevalonate pathway and eight structural genes from the methylerythritol phosphate pathway were screened from transcriptome data， among these， CaDXS2 and CaDXS3 are key structural genes involved in monoterpene synthesis. Screening of key enzyme genes CaLIS/NES1 and CaLIS/NES2 in the terpenoid synthesis pathway， as well as CaPAR and CaSAMT in the benzenering/phenylpropanoid compound synthesis pathway， suggests that these genes play a crucial role in the synthesis of key components in floral fragrance， such as linalool， 2-phenylethanol， and methyl salicylate. The results of qRT-PCR and RNA-seq validation of differentially expressed genes showed a high degree of correlation， indicating that RNA-seq sequencing results have high accuracy. These research results provide a basis for further study on the mechanisms involved in the formation of flower fragrance in Camellia.

Flavonol synthase （FLS） is a key enzyme in the flavonol biosynthesis pathway in plants. To investigate the mechanism of flower color formation in different species of Yulania， the flavonol contents of Y. denudata and Y. liliiflora were measured by the ultra-performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） at five key stages of flowering. The FLSs genes were cloned by RNA-seq in Y. denudata and Y. liliiflora. The expression patterns of FLSs genes in different tissues and tepals at five flowering stages were detected using quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR）. Subcellular localization of FLSs proteins were performed by transient transformation technique in onion epidermis. The functions of FLSs genes were verified by heterologous transformed in tobacco， and the difference in flavonol contents in the transgenic tobacco corolla was analyzed by UPLC. The results showed the flavonol content of Y. denudata tepals was first increased and then decreased during flowering， while the flavonol content of Y. liliiflora tepals gradually decreased. YdFLS and YlFLS were conserved in sequence. The highest expression level of the YdFLS gene was found in flowers， and YlFLS had the highest expression level in young leaves. The expression of YdFLS was gradually increased and peaked at the bloom stage， while YlFLS showed a declining expression pattern. Both YdFLS and YlFLS were located in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of YdFLS and YlFLS genes in tobacco caused a light corolla phenotype and flavonol accumulation. In conclusion， this study verified that FLSs genes conservatively functioned on promoting flavonol synthesis in Yulania species. This study revealed the important function of FLS gene in flower color formation of Magnolia.

Irradiation mutagenesis tends to generate chromosome structural variations. So far few studies have been reported using the BSA-seq technique to map radiation-induced mutations. In order to explore the feasibility of using BSA-seq for mapping genes in radiation-induced mutants， this study isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant using irradiation mutagenesis and crossed it with the wild type. Individual plants in the F₂ segregating population were screened based on phenotypes， and two pools of offspring with extreme phenotypes were collected. The two offspring pools and the wild type pool were sequenced using whole genome sequencing， and various strategies including MutMap， QTL-seq， and GPS methods were used to analyze the sequencing data of these three pools. It was found that three strategies generated similar results and the mutated gene was located to an interval of 7 Mb on chromosome 2. With visualizing the genomic region within this interval by IGV software， a 25 189 bp deletion was found in the mutant genome. The deletion region was annotated using the SnpEff annotation program， and 6 genes were found in this region， among which the AT2G28610 gene was identified to be the candidate gene and verified through genetic experiments. This study provided a reference for the application of BSA-seq based approaches to map radiation-induced mutations.

‍Selenium （Se） is an essential trace element for the health of humans， animals， and microorganisms. In recent years， nano-selenium （SeNPs） have emerged as a research hotspot due to their remarkable biocompatibility， bioavailability， and low toxicity. SeNPs have been widely utilized in agriculture to enhance crop photosynthetic capacity， antioxidant activity， nutrient acquisition， as well as to mitigate heavy metal toxicity and stress damage in plants. With the increasing importance of nanotechnology， sustainable agriculture， and environmental issues， studies on the potential impacts of SeNPs on plant growth， development， and metabolism will continue to increase. This review provided a comparative analysis of three synthesis methods， the synthesis process， and the transportation mechanisms of SeNPs within plants. Furthermore， it comprehensively reviewed the roles of SeNPs in improving plant nutrient acquisition， yield and quality. The advantages of SeNPs application in enhancing plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses were highlighted. Moreover， factors that affected the efficacy of SeNPs were critically analyzed， and the trends for future development were discussed. The aim of this study was to provide novel insights and methodologies for understanding the molecular mechanisms of crop stress resistance and breeding strategies.

In recent years， the pre-made dishes industry has developed rapidly， providing more convenient and diverse choices for the catering industry and consumers. Pre-made dishes cover a wide range of food raw materials and auxiliary materials such as livestock and poultry， aquatic products， fruits and vegetables， and involve multiple research directions including flavor development， quality control， and process improvement. Based on the current definition and scope of pre-made dishes， this paper summarizes the application of emerging processing key technologies in pre-prepared foods， including storage and preservation technology， freezing and thawing technology， drying technology， sterilization technology， and packaging technology. The paper also sorts out the main processing technology problems such as flavor， nutrition， and equipment， the cold chain logistics problem throughout the process， and the standard system construction problem， with the aim of providing references for the high-quality development of Pre-made dishes.

‍To study the active components and antioxidant property in different naked oat （Avena nuda L.） varieties， the polysaccharide contents （including dietary fiber， β‍-glucan and oligosaccharide）， fatty acid composition， phenolic acid contents， total flavonol contents and antioxidant activities of 24 naked oat cultivars were determined. In addition， the differences of active components and antioxidant activities among these cultivars were also compared. As the results， significant differences were found in polysaccharide contents among different varieties of naked oat （P<0.05）. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in total fatty acids ranged from 76.62%-80.96%， among which linoleic acid accounted for the highest （37.64%-47.12%）‍， followed by oleic acid （28.33%-39.89%）. The contents of total phenols and flavonoids in naked oat ranged from 865-1 367 and 234-502 μg·g^-1， respectively. The contents of ferulic acid， caffeic acid， sinapic acid and p-coumaric acid ranged from 521-881， 82-152， 55-138 and 43-121 μg·g^-1， respectively. Ferulic acid， caffeic acid， sinapic acid and p-coumaric acid accounted for 54.4%-64.5%， 7.4%-14.4%， 5.3%-12.0% and 4.8%- 11.2%， respectively， which were the main components of naked oat phenolic acids. There were significant differences in the scavenging ability of 1，1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical （DPPH·） and ［2，2′-Azino-bis （3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） diammonium salt radical］ （ABTS·^+‍） free radicals and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power （FRAP） among different varieties of naked oat polyphenols （P<0.05）. Compared to other varieties， the polyphenol extracted from the Bayou No.3 showed significantly higher scavenging abilities for DPPH· and ABTS·⁺ free radicals， as well as FRAP， with the values of 46.8%， 88.7% and 927 mmol·g^-1， respectively. The free radical scavenging rate of ABTS·⁺ was positively correlated with the content of total flavonoids （P<0.01）， and FRAP was positively correlated with the contents of total phenols， flavonoids and ferulic acid （P<0.05）. This study provides a theoretical basis for breeding high-quality oat varieties with high antioxidant properties and hybrid combinations， and also offers a practical basis for the development of oat-based foods.

Plant root exudates refer to a variety of compounds released into the rhizosphere by plant roots， serving as a crucial medium for material exchange between the roots and their surrounding environment. Plant root exudates play an important role in plant growth， nutrient absorption， and disease resistance and so on. Under stress conditions， root exudates are involved in enhancing plant resource use efficiency and promoting interactions between plants and soil microorganisms. This paper reviews the composition and transport mechanisms of root exudates， as well as their application in promoting plant nutrient uptake. It focuses on the research progress in regulating the dynamic release of root exudates by plants under biotic and abiotic stresses. The paper also discusses the application of different root secretions， which produced by planting practices， to control pests and diseases. This review will provide theoretical guidance for a deeper understanding of the ecological functions and adaptive mechanisms of the plant root system.

Wheat yellow mosaic disease is a worldwide soil borne virus disease that can lead to a severe reduction in wheat yield. The main pathogen wheat yellow mosaic virus （WYMV） belongs to genus Bymovirus of family Potyviridae， and it is transmitted by Polymyxa graminis. At present， 14 loci conferring resistance to WYMV have been identified， a resistance gene has been cloned by map-based cloning， 3 resistance genes have been confirmed to confer resistance， and a number of resistant varieties have been developed. This paper presented a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the understanding of pathogen characteristics， disease distribution and resistance breeding of wheat. Finally， we discussed the prospects of researches on WYMV resistant genes and the potential applications in wheat breeding.

‍Deep eutectic solvents （DESs） are a new class of green solvents that consist of liquid eutectic mixtures formed by hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors with a specific molar ratio via hydrogen bonding interactions. They have the advantages of low vapor pressure， simple preparation， low cost， biodegradability， environmental compatibility and recyclability. Due to these properties， DESs have been widely used in various fields， such as food， medicine and etc. This article presented a comprehensive overview on the composition， classification and physicochemical properties of DESs， as well as their applications in food industry. In particular， the present study highlighted the recent advances of DESs in extraction of food functional ingredients， fabrication of food packaging materials， encapsulation of bioactive compounds， production of cryoprotectants， generation of Maillard reaction products and application of food biotechnology. Furthermore， we also discussed the opportunities and challenges of using DESs in food sector， and proposed the future directions for enhancing and optimizing the performance of DESs in food processing and production. This review aims to offer a theoretical reference and guidance for the application of DESs in food industry.

To investigate the structural and physicochemical properties of starch in waxy wheat， the starch composition content， X-ray diffraction （XRD） characteristics， crystallinity， granule size distribution， chain length distribution and thermodynamic characteristics of starches of four waxy wheat varieties and three non-waxy wheat varieties with different gluten content were analyzed. The results showed that the total starch and amylose contents of waxy wheat were 66.04%-67.84% and 0.07%-1.73%， respectively， which were significantly lower than those of non-waxy wheat， while the amylopectin content was on the contrary. The surface area ratio， volume ratio and quantity ratio of A-type starch granules in waxy wheat were 26.17%-35.16%， 52.45%-62.89% and 2.11%-3.19%， respectively. Except for the quantity ratio， the surface area ratio and volume ratio of B-type starch in waxy wheat were significantly higher than those in non-waxy wheat， while the number of C-type starch in waxy wheat were all significantly higher， and the surface area ratio and volume ratio of Zhongkenuomai 1 were the highest. Spectral peaks were shown at diffraction angle 2θ at 15°， 17°， 18° and 23°， while a weak spectral peak appeared at 20° only in non-waxy wheat. The degree of crystallinity of waxy wheat ranged from 25.16% to 26.78%， which was significantly higher than that of non-waxy wheat， and the degree of crystallinity of Zhongkenuomai 1 was the highest. No significant difference in the distribution of chain length between waxy wheat and non-waxy wheat was detected. Except for Yangnuomai1， B3 chain and average chain length of waxy wheat were slightly higher than those of non-waxy wheat. The onset temperature （To）， peak temperature （Tp）， conclusion temperature （Tc） and enthalpy of gelatinization （ΔH） in waxy wheat were 58.62-59.14 ℃， 63.47-64.93 ℃， 70.69-71.84 ℃ and 10.13-11.51 J·g^-1， respectively. The Tp and Tc of waxy wheat were significantly higher than those of non-waxy wheat， but there was no significant difference in the To. Except for Yangmai 13， the enthalpy value of waxy wheat is higher than that of non waxy wheat. In summary， waxy wheat had lower amylose content， higher proportion of C-type starch granules， degree of crystallinity， Tp_{and Tc. The results of this study could provide a theoretical basis for waxy wheat to be used for wheat quality improvement.}

Over past two decades， the application of nuclear techniques has been integrated into many aspects of scientific research and production practice in food and agriculture， and nuclear techniques are unique and irreplaceable in some areas. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments and major achievements from the nuclear application in major fields of food and agriculture around the world. The application status and innovative development of nuclear techniques in the fields of animal production and health， food safety and control， plant mutation breeding and genetics， water and soil management and agricultural environment， and insect pest control were reviewed emphatically. Considering many severe global challenges faced by the food and agriculture around the world， the authors discussed and showed the prospects and strategic priorities of nuclear application in food and agriculture.

Astragalus membranaceus is a traditional food-medicine homologous substance in China， which has the remarkable characteristics of regulating immunity and assisting treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years， the development of the field of drug and food homology makes it a very influential product. Understanding and mastering the research status and development trends of Astragalus membranaceus can provide new ideas for the sustainable development of the Astragalus membranaceus industry. Using bibliometrics （sources： CNKI， Web of Science， etc.） and keyword analysis as methods， this study analyzed the number of articles published on Astragalus membranaceus in the year， core journals in the field of medicine and food， and the number of patents. A total of 7 458 Chinese and English literature and 3 320 patents related to the study of Astragalus membranaceus were retrieved from 2003 to 2023. The results showed that the researches on Astragalus membranaceus in China were significantly higher than that in foreign countries. The research object had formed a diversified development trend with ‘pharmacological effects’ and ‘medicinal food homology’， and the research content was gradually deepening towards the mechanism of action， functional activity. At present， Astragalus membranaceus is in the developing stage. Based on the industrial innovation and the change of the concept of nutrition and health consumption， the research of Astragalus membranaceus should pay attention to the development of functional activity， product diversification and nutrition and health. This study can provide a basis for the innovation and development of Astragalus membranaceus industry.

In order to obtain the basic mechanical properties parameters of apple fruit and fruit stem， the puncture mechanical parameters of different parts of Granny Smith， Luochuan Fuji， Linyi Fuji， and Huaguan apple， as well as the stem tensile and stem shear mechanical parameters were measured using the biomechanical tester. The critical torque of separating the apple from the branch was obtained using a self-made torsion device. The maximum tensile force of the stem was measured using a digital tension meter in orchards. The static and dynamic friction coefficients of apple with different materials were tested by friction test device. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the actual transverse diameter and weight of apples from different varieties. The distribution of transverse diameter was basically consistent with the normal distribution. There were significant differences in the puncture mechanical properties of apples between varieties and puncture sites. The maximum puncture force from large to small was the bottom， the top， and the equator， indicating that the apple was not isotropic. The maximum tensile force and the tensile stress increased with the increase of the tensile speed. The maximum tensile force measured by laboratory and field tensile tests was 30.95 and 30.03 N， respectively. And the location of the tensile fracture of stem was obtained through the experiment. The shear force range of the middle part and the upper part of stem was 43.44-81.61 and 46.18-103.87 N， respectively. The maximum torque of Fuji and Huaguan apple was 0.373 and 0.364 N·m， respectively. The static friction coefficients of apple equator with silica gel， stainless steel， organic glass and rubber are 1.000， 0.332， 0.696 and 1.026， respectively. The research results provide basic parameters for the research of intelligent apple picking machinery and related machinery.

‍To solve the problems of low fertilizer use efficiency， serious nitrogen loss and soil nutrient depletion caused by improper nitrogen management and long-term continuous cropping of maize in dryland. An randomized block experiment was conducted in southwest Shanxi basin with four organic fertilizer substitution nitrogen treatments ［0% organic fertilizer （N1）， 15% organic fertilizer （N2）， 30% organic fertilizer （N3）， 45% organic fertilizer （N4）］ and no chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer （N0）. The effects of different proportions of organic fertilizer on maize growth and yield， nutrient absorption and utilization， soil fertility were explored. The results showed that compared with 100% nitrogen （N1）， the 30% organic fertilizer substitution （N3） improved the photosynthetic production capacity of maize canopy by increasing net photosynthetic rate （9.6%）， leaf area index （18.1%）， and dry matter accumulation （37.8%）. Meanwhile， N3 increased the rate of dry matter accumulation， reduced the days of growth period （10 days， 2021）， and promoted the absorption， transfer and accumulation of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium. In addition， organic fertilizers substitution improved soil fertility by increasing soil nitrate， ammonium， organic matter and total nitrogen in the upper soil （0-40 cm）. Especially with N3， the nitrogen use efficiency of maize was increased by increasing ¹⁵N recovery and reducing ¹⁵N residue in soil， resulting in an increase of 3.8%-45.4%， 0.5%-13.1% and 4.4%-64.4% in the number of grains per ear， thousand grain weight and grain yield of maize， respectively. In conclusion， it is recommended to replace 30% chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer in maize production in the brown soil farmland area of the southwestern Shanxi Basin. This substitution ratio could not only promote maize growth， increase maize yield and nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate， but also help improve soil fertilizer supply capacity， which has a positive effect on the sustainable production of maize in the region. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer in the production of rain fed maize in arid areas.

In order to explore effect of heat stress at different reproductive growth stage on yield loss and quality in rice， two rice varieties， Huanghuazhan （HHZ） and Y-liangyou-1577 （YLY1577）， were used as materials to investigate the changes in plant growth， yield components and rice quality under CK （32 ℃ day /26 ℃ night） and heat stress conditions stimulated by the temperature of 38 ℃ day/32 ℃ night at booting stage and heading stage. The detailed periods included 7 d before heading （HS1）， 1-7 d after heading （HS2）， 8-14 d after heading （HS3）， 15-21 d after heading （HS4） and 22-28 d after heading （HS5）， respectively. Results showed that the growth and development of young panicles was mostly affected by heat stress at booting stage， and the percentage of filled spikelets was mostly affected by heat stress at the treatment of 1-7 d after heading， while the 1000-grain weight was at the treatment of 8-14 d after heading. The greatest yield loss of HHZ and YLY1577 was by heat stress of 1-7 d and 8-14 d after heading， respectively. Heat stress at booting stage caused little influence on rice quality. Compared with CK treatment， the rice quality was affected by heat stress at the stage of 1-28 d after heading， as shown by the increase of the chalky kernel and chalkiness in rice grain. The content of starch， amylose and gel consistency in rice was deceased by heat stress， and content of protein， glucose and fructose was increased by heat stress. Heat stress affected the starch RVA characteristics as shown by the increase of final viscosity， set back and gelatinization temperature and decrease of break down. Rice appearance and eating quality was mostly affected by heat stress at the stage of 8-14 d after heading， moderately by heat stress at the stage of 15-21 d and 1-7 d after heading. Taken together， the heat stress at booting stage suppressed yield formation mainly by inhibiting the growth and development of young panicle. One to fourteen days after heading was the vital stage of yield formation in response to heat stress in rice， and heat stress inhibited yield formation mainly by decreasing the percentage of filled spikelets and 1000-grain weight in this period. Eight to twenty-one days after heading was the most sensitive stage of rice quality response to heat stress， while heat stress at the stage of 8-14 d after heading may cause the double loss of yield and rice quality. Results of this research could provide scientific basis for the evaluation on rice yield and quality under heat stress at different growth stages.

miR396， a conserved microRNA in plants， serves as a pivotal regulator of plant growth， development， and signaling by targeting specific genes for cleavage or repression. This review provides an extensive examination of miR396’s multifaceted roles and target interactions， with a particular focus on its evolutionary significance and practical applications in agriculture. The objective of this review is to establish a foundation for future inquiries into miR396’s regulatory functions in plant development， enhancing crop productivity， and optimizing nutrient utilization.

To evaluate the effectiveness of soil restoration measures in erosion-degraded forestlands in red soil region of South China， a typical erosion-degraded Pinus massoniana forestland was selected， which located in Ningdu County， Jiangxi province. Seven treatments were set up in this trial： no restoration measures （CT）， fish scale pit + tree-grass （FG）， fish scale pit + tree-shrubs （FS）， fish scale pit + tree-shrubs-grass （FGS）， small horizontal ditch + tree-grass （FGP）， small horizontal ditch + tree-shrubs （FSP）， small horizontal ditch + tree-shrubs-grass （FGSP）. The response of soil erosion and nutrient loss to different restoration measures in the erosion-degraded forestlands was evaluated using the ⁷Be tracing technique. Results showed that the ⁷Be inventory residual percentage under different restoration measures was -6.84% to -33.13%. Soil erosion rate under different restoration measures ranged from 4.43 to 24.04 t·hm^-2·event^-1. The sediment reduction rate was 21.19%-85.49% compared with the CT， and the maximum were 85.49% and 83.81% under FGSP and FGS respectively. Compared with CT， the percentages of increment of soil organic carbon （SOC）， total nitrogen （TN）， available nitrogen （AN） in each restoration measures were 25.10%-65.71%， 9.79%-46.85%， -30.68%-1.29%， respectively. Under two engineering measures， integrated vegetation measures （i.e. FGSP and FGS） of tree-shrubs-grass significantly reduced soil carbon and nitrogen loss， but there was no significant difference between the two engineering measures. The Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis suggested that ⁷Be was significantly and positively correlated with SOC， TN and AN content （P<0.01）. R_Be and VC explained 94.7% of variation of SOC loss； R_Be， TN and VC explained 98.3% of variation of TN loss； and R_Be explained 85.6% of variation of AN loss， which indicated that that SOC， TN and AN were physically transported with ⁷Be during soil erosion process， and soil carbon and nitrogen nutrient loss was influenced by coupling interactions of vegetation-soil-soil and water processes. ⁷Be allowed effective evaluation of short-term soil erosion and nutrient loss by different restoration measures. After 4 years of implementing restoration measures， the effect of integrated vegetation measures with tree-shrubs-grass on reducing soil erosion， carbon and nitrogen loss was more significant than that of soil conservation engineering measures. The results of this study provided scientific basis for assessment of ecological benefits and restoration management of erosion-degraded forestlands.

Abnormal metabolism and inflammation of ruminants such as sheep can cause the risk of ectopic lipopolysaccharides （LPS） which then induce inflammation in other parts of the collective， but the effect of LPS on claudin-1 and occludin， the key proteins of the oviduct epithelial barrier in sheep， is unclear. In this study， adult sheep fallopian tubes were collected and the primary oviduct epithelial cells were cultured in vitro， Hematoxylin-Eosin staining， Immunofluorescence， and Western blotting， and real-time PCR were used to elucidate the effect of LPS on the oviduct epithelium Claudin-1 and Occludin in sheep. The results showed that Claudin-1 and Occludin were expressed in the umbrella， ampulla and isthmus epithelium of the fallopian tubes of sheep， the Claudin-1 and Occludin protein in the umbrella is significantly higher than that in the ampulla and isthmus. With induction of primary ampulla epithelial cells by LPS at concentrations of 0 ng·mL^-1， 10 ng·mL^-1， 50 ng·mL^-1， and 100 ng·mL^-1， LPS was found to promote mRNA expression of TLR4， NFκB， and TNFα， and affect the protein levels of Claudin-1 and Occludin. It was shown that low concentrations of LPS could induce oviduct inflammatory response in a short time and lead to disordered expression of Claudin-1 and Occludin in epithelial cells. It was suggested that LPS translocation caused by abnormal rumen metabolism and inflammation in ruminants may induce oviduct inflammatory response， result in oviduct epithelial barrier damage and physiological dysfunction， which seriously affected sheep economy value. It provides a theoretical basis for the study of systemic inflammation caused by LPS translocation during abnormal rumen metabolism and inflammatory diseases in ruminants.