Abstract: To compare the mulching effects of different materials in a rain-sheltered vineyard, with the Summer Black grape orchard as the test object, the straw mulching(SM), white plastic film mulching(WM), reflective plastic film mulching(RM) and ground cloth mulching (CM) were adopted in a field experiment with the bare ground as a control (CK). The seasonal variation characteristics of near-surface air temperature and air relative humidity, soil temperature, soil moisture and soil enzyme activities under different mulching treatments were determined. The results showed that, the average near-surface air temperature increased by 0.15℃, 0.52℃ and the air humidity decreased by 4.06% and 4.68%, respectively in WM treatment and RM treatment from March to October, while the average near-surface air temperature increased by 0.29℃, 1.02℃ and the air humidity decreased by 2.67% and 7.94% respectively in CM treatment and SM treatment from March to October. In WM treatment, the average soil temperature of 5~25 cm soil layers from March to October increased by 1.38℃, and the soil moisture of 0~60 cm soil layers increased by 2.77 percent in May compared with the control. In SM, CM and RM treatment, the average soil temperature from March to September decreased by 3.50℃, 2.56℃ and 1.00℃, respectively, and the soil temperature in October increased by 0.34℃, 0.46℃ and 0.11℃, respectively, and the soil moisture content of 0~60 cm soil layers in May increased by 4.24, 4.06 and 5.60 percent, respectively, compared with the control. The activities of urease, protease, invertase and acid phosphatase in soil of all treatments were higher in summer and lower in spring and autumn. The catalase activity of SM treatment was higher in summer, while that of other treatments was higher in spring. The average value of soil enzyme index from March to September was SM>CM>WM>RM>CK, which increased by 81.26%, 27.91%, 25.74% and 14.55%, respectively, compared with CK. Catalase could be used as an indicator for the soil enzyme activity difference in sheltered vineyard. The research provides theoretical and practical reference for the choice of mulching materials in rain-sheltered vineyard.

Key words: mulching, grape orchard, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil enzyme

摘要： 为评价不同覆盖材料在避雨葡萄园中的覆盖效果,以夏黑葡萄为试材,以地表裸露为对照(CK),设置秸秆处理(SM)、透明地膜处理(WM)、反光膜处理(RM)、地布处理(CM)4种地表覆盖处理,通过田间试验,研究不同覆盖材料下避雨葡萄园中近地表空气温度和相对湿度、土壤温度和含水量及酶活性的季节变化特征。结果表明,3—10月,WM和RM葡萄园近地表平均气温分别增加0.15℃、0.52℃、平均空气湿度分别降低4.06、4.68个百分点,而CM和SM近地表平均气温分别降低0.29℃、1.02℃,平均空气湿度分别增加2.67、7.94个百分点。与CK相比,3—10月WM的5~25 cm土层平均地温增加1.38℃,5月WM的0~60 cm土层土壤含水量增加2.77个百分点;而3—9月SM、CM和RM的5~25 cm土层平均地温分别降低3.50℃、2.56℃、1.00℃,10月地温则分别提高0.34℃、0.46℃、0.11℃,5月SM、CM和RM的0~60 cm土层土壤含水量分别提高4.24、4.06和5.60个百分点。各处理土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性均表现为夏季较高、春秋季较低,而SM过氧化氢酶活性夏季较高,其他处理的过氧化氢酶活性春季较高;3—9月土壤酶指数的平均值表现为SM>CM>WM>RM>CK,分别较CK提高81.26%、27.91%、25.74%和14.55%。过氧化氢酶可作为避雨葡萄园中土壤酶活性差异的指示指标。本研究为避雨葡萄园覆盖材料的选择提供理论依据和实践参考。

关键词: 地面覆盖, 葡萄园, 土壤温度, 土壤水分, 土壤酶