Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Potato Yield, Starch Content and Related Enzyme Metabolic During Tuber Formation After High Temperature Stress

doi:10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.02.0422

Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 422-434.DOI: 10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.02.0422

• Isotope Tracer Technique·Ecology and Environment·Physiology • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Potato Yield, Starch Content and Related Enzyme Metabolic During Tuber Formation After High Temperature Stress

BAN Wenhui(), WANG Xingqiang, LIU Qiangjuan, SUN Jianbo, LYU Kaiyuan, KANG Jianhong^*()

College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021

Received:2021-03-22 Accepted:2021-06-23 Online:2022-02-10 Published:2022-01-17
Contact: KANG Jianhong

施氮对块茎形成期高温胁迫后马铃薯块茎产量、淀粉含量和相关酶代谢活性的影响

班文慧(), 王星强, 柳强娟, 孙建波, 吕开源, 康建宏^*()

宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川 750021

通讯作者: 康建宏
作者简介:班文慧,女,主要从事作物生态生理研究。E-mail: 846451970@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31860336);宁夏自然科学基金(2019AAC03065);国家支撑计划(2015BAD22B01-03)

Abstract

Abstract:

An experiment was conducted in Haiyuan County in the Ningnan mountains of Ningxia, from 2019 to 2020, to determine the effects of different nitrogen application rate on starch synthase, starch content and yield of potato tubers after high temperature stress with the tested variety of Qingshu 9. In the field, a high-temperature environment was constructed by building a high-temperature shed. There were two temperature treatments (T1: high-temperature stress at the initial stage of tuber formation, T2: natural temperature), and four nitrogen levels (no nitrogen NO: 0 kg·hm^-2, low nitrogen level N1: 75 kg·hm^-2, conventional nitrogen level N2: 150 kg·hm^-2, and high nitrogen level N3: 225 kg·hm^-2). The contents of amylopectin, amylose and total starch in potato tubers were determined, and the activities and yields of ADPG pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), UDPG pyrophosphorylase (UGPase), starch branching enzyme (SBE), soluble starch synthase (SSS), bound starch synthase (GBSS) in potato tubers were measured to clarify the interaction between nitrogen fertilization and temperature. The results showed that the yield reduction rates under different nitrogen levels ranged from 3.03% to 10.35%, among which the yield under N2 treatment was the lowest, and the yields under normal temperature treatment and high temperature stress were 43.95 t·hm^-2 and 41.54 t·hm^-2, respectively. Meanwhile, the decrease rates of amylose, amylopectin and total starch content were distributed in 8.84%~17.71%, 13.44%~25.67% and 12.77%~23.90%, respectively, under different nitrogen levels, and the size relationship among treatments was N2>N3>N1>N0. This is also consistent with the activity of starch synthase. At the same time, this study also found that under high temperature stress, the starch synthase activity of N0 and N1 treatments decreased more than that of N2 and N3 treatments. Under the experimental conditions, the nitrogen application rate of 150 kg·hm^-2 can maintain the high activity of starch synthase after high temperature stress, and significantly reduce the decline of starch content, so that potatoes can maintain high starch synthesis ability, thus reducing the loss of yield and ensuring economic benefits. The results of this study investigated the effect of moderate nitrogen application on the mitigation of high temperature stress in potatoes, clarified the mechanism of mitigation, and provided a theoretical basis for stress-resistant and high-yielding potato cultivation.

Key words: potato, N application, high temperature stress, starch formation, yield

摘要：

为了明确不同施氮量对高温胁迫后马铃薯块茎淀粉合成酶、淀粉含量及产量的影响,本研究于2019―2020年在宁南山区海原县进行田间试验。供试品种为青薯9号,通过搭建高温棚构建高温环境,设2个温度处理(T1:块茎形成初期高温胁迫,T2:自然温度),4个氮肥水平(不施氮N0:0 kg·hm^-2,低氮水平N1:75 kg·hm^-2、常规氮水平N2:150 kg·hm^-2、高氮水平N3:225 kg·hm^-2),测定马铃薯块茎支链淀粉、直链淀粉、总淀粉含量,腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGP)、尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(UGP)、淀粉分支酶(SBE)、可溶性淀粉合酶(SSS)、束缚态淀粉合酶(GBSS)活性和产量。结果表明,高温胁迫后各施氮水平下的减产率不同,介于3.03%~10.35%之间,其中N2的减产率最低,其常温处理与高温胁迫下的产量分别为43.95和41.54 t·hm^-2;各施氮水平下的直链淀粉、支链淀粉与总淀粉含量下降率分别介于8.84%~17.71%、13.44%~25.67%以及12.77%~23.90%之间,且处理间均表现为N2>N3>N1>N0,这也与各淀粉合成酶活性大小关系相吻合;本研究还发现,高温胁迫下N0、N1的淀粉合成酶活性下降幅度大于N2、N3。综上,本试验条件下,150 kg·hm^-2的施氮量可以在高温胁迫后维持淀粉合成酶较高的活性,并明显减小了淀粉含量的下降幅度,使马铃薯保持较高的淀粉合成能力,从而减少产量的损失,保证经济效益。本研究探究了适量施氮对马铃薯高温胁迫的缓解效应,明确了其缓解机理,为马铃薯抗逆高产栽培提供了理论依据。

关键词: 马铃薯, 施氮量, 高温胁迫, 淀粉形成, 产量

BAN Wenhui, WANG Xingqiang, LIU Qiangjuan, SUN Jianbo, LYU Kaiyuan, KANG Jianhong. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Potato Yield, Starch Content and Related Enzyme Metabolic During Tuber Formation After High Temperature Stress[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 36(2): 422-434.

班文慧, 王星强, 柳强娟, 孙建波, 吕开源, 康建宏. 施氮对块茎形成期高温胁迫后马铃薯块茎产量、淀粉含量和相关酶代谢活性的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2022, 36(2): 422-434.

Figures/Tables 11

References 34

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创刊：1987年
主管部门：农业农村部
主办单位：中国原子能农学会与中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所（前中国农业科学院原子能利用研究所）
ISSN：1000-8551

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指标Index	因素 Factor		开花后天数 Days after flowering/d
指标Index	因素 Factor		19		34		48		63		75
总淀粉含量 Total starch content	高温	260.58^**		40.08^**		425.66^**		393.82^**		424.83^**
	施氮水平	63.18^**		86.24^**		679.31^**		420.68^**		711.62^**
	高温×施氮水平	5.84		41.49		7.86^**		3.34^*		2.20^*
支链淀粉含量 Amylopectin content	高温	248.76^**		73.25^**		278.92^**		297.41^**		403.61^**
	施氮水平	54.21^**		416.33^**		433.27^**		421.82^**		752.10^**
	高温×施氮水平	5.13		2.44		6.73^**		2.15^*		2.58
直链淀粉含量 Amylose content	高温	256.42^**		13.26^*		58.64^**		88.39^**		42.29^**
	施氮水平	35.72^**		58.21^**		126.43^**		97.41^**		51.33^**
	高温×施氮水平	0.431		0.562		3.473^*		4.362^*		0.245^*
AGP活性 AGP activity	高温	914.00^**		24.35^*		10.40^*		1.80		17.71^*
	施氮水平	74.30^**		98.02^**		177.83^**		71.61^**		48.043^**
	高温×施氮水平	2.82^*		0.22		42.59^*		8.97^*		4.11^*
UGP活性 UGP activity	高温	4.21		9.36^*		61.27^**		356.20^**		25.00^**
	施氮水平	193.38^**		107.79^**		113.07^**		77.25^**		78.68^**
	高温×施氮水平	0.22		2.32^*		9.43^*		4.15^*		6.13^**
SSS活性 SSS activity	高温	248.13^**		504.10^**		70.45^**		48.19^**		160.69^**
	施氮水平	131.08^**		903.43^**		43.31^**		1843.10^**		49.43^**
	高温×施氮水平	34.56^**		41.95^**		4.19^*		9.14^*		3.59
GBSS活性 GBSS activity	高温	1 404.86^**		1 186.21^**		494.79^**		914.52^**		18.51^**
	施氮水平	546.36^**		1 481.07^**		729.51^**		481.31^**		94.22^**
	高温×施氮水平	3.49^*		9.84^**		33.35^**		47.99^**		9.49^**
SBE活性 SBE activity	高温	211.79^**		933.72^**		367.85^**		565.22^**		92.09^**
	施氮水平	127.05^**		138.37^**		218.66^**		202.29^**		64.81^**
	高温×施氮水平	27.65		33.03^**		6.92^**		21.04^**		21.31^**

指标Index	因素 Factor		开花后天数 Days after flowering/d
指标Index	因素 Factor		19		34		48		63		75
总淀粉含量 Total starch content	高温	260.58^**		40.08^**		425.66^**		393.82^**		424.83^**
	施氮水平	63.18^**		86.24^**		679.31^**		420.68^**		711.62^**
	高温×施氮水平	5.84		41.49		7.86^**		3.34^*		2.20^*
支链淀粉含量 Amylopectin content	高温	248.76^**		73.25^**		278.92^**		297.41^**		403.61^**
	施氮水平	54.21^**		416.33^**		433.27^**		421.82^**		752.10^**
	高温×施氮水平	5.13		2.44		6.73^**		2.15^*		2.58
直链淀粉含量 Amylose content	高温	256.42^**		13.26^*		58.64^**		88.39^**		42.29^**
	施氮水平	35.72^**		58.21^**		126.43^**		97.41^**		51.33^**
	高温×施氮水平	0.431		0.562		3.473^*		4.362^*		0.245^*
AGP活性 AGP activity	高温	914.00^**		24.35^*		10.40^*		1.80		17.71^*
	施氮水平	74.30^**		98.02^**		177.83^**		71.61^**		48.043^**
	高温×施氮水平	2.82^*		0.22		42.59^*		8.97^*		4.11^*
UGP活性 UGP activity	高温	4.21		9.36^*		61.27^**		356.20^**		25.00^**
	施氮水平	193.38^**		107.79^**		113.07^**		77.25^**		78.68^**
	高温×施氮水平	0.22		2.32^*		9.43^*		4.15^*		6.13^**
SSS活性 SSS activity	高温	248.13^**		504.10^**		70.45^**		48.19^**		160.69^**
	施氮水平	131.08^**		903.43^**		43.31^**		1843.10^**		49.43^**
	高温×施氮水平	34.56^**		41.95^**		4.19^*		9.14^*		3.59
GBSS活性 GBSS activity	高温	1 404.86^**		1 186.21^**		494.79^**		914.52^**		18.51^**
	施氮水平	546.36^**		1 481.07^**		729.51^**		481.31^**		94.22^**
	高温×施氮水平	3.49^*		9.84^**		33.35^**		47.99^**		9.49^**
SBE活性 SBE activity	高温	211.79^**		933.72^**		367.85^**		565.22^**		92.09^**
	施氮水平	127.05^**		138.37^**		218.66^**		202.29^**		64.81^**
	高温×施氮水平	27.65		33.03^**		6.92^**		21.04^**		21.31^**

年份 Year	温度 Temperature	施氮水平 Nitrogen level	大薯数 Number of big potatoes /(个/穴)	中薯数 Number of middle potatoes /(个/穴)	小薯数 Number of small potatoes /(个/穴)	大薯率 Big potato rate/%	中薯率 Medium potato rate/%	小薯率 Small potato rate/%	产量 Yield /(t·hm^-2)
2019	T1	N0	2.47±0.14a	1.58±0.06c	2.84±0.37b	55.00±0.03ab	15.75±0.03b	15.25±0.03a	33.88±0.75c
		N1	2.73±0.27a	1.78±0.22bc	2.99±0.16a	70.25±0.02b	19.25±0.01a	7.99±0.02ab	36.98±0.45b
		N2	3.21±0.16a	1.84±0.12b	2.51±0.36b	72.00±0.05a	16.75±0.01ab	8.25±0.01b	40.49±0.40a
		N3	2.84±0.35a	2.20±0.14a	3.06±0.23a	68.00±0.01ab	18.25±0.01ab	11.75±0.01ab	39.20±0.87a
	T2	N0	3.14±0.91b	1.83±0.26b	3.61±0.08a	70.50±0.07a	12.75±0.01a	16.75±0.02a	37.79±0.61c
		N1	3.16±0.14a	2.33±0.20a	2.89±0.13b	74.75±0.01a	20.00±0.01ab	5.25±0.01c	40.96±0.83b
		N2	3.39±0.56a	2.16±0.12a	1.84±0.18bc	78.00±0.02a	17.75±0.02b	4.25±0.01b	43.95±0.84a
		N3	3.40±0.21a	2.02±0.06b	3.23±0.13b	76.00±0.05a	19.25±0.01ab	6.75±0.01bc	43.50±0.93ab
2020	T1	N0	2.31±0.22a	1.45±0.35b	2.12±0.41c	58.30±0.12a	27.67±0.08ab	11.03±0.04ab	30.91±0.05b
		N1	2.41±0.34a	2.42±0.18bc	3.40±0.41a	66.76±0.08ab	18.13±0.25a	9.11±0.09a	32.53±0.17a
		N2	3.58±0.23a	2.20±0.22a	2.90±0.02a	75.69±0.19bc	16.38±0.46a	7.93±0.09ab	38.28±0.26a
		N3	3.51±0.35a	1.81±0.31c	2.31±0.03ab	66.55±0.24a	23.92±0.40a	9.54±0.12ab	33.54±0.09ab
	T2	N0	2.87±0.95ab	1.21±0.42a	3.71±0.08c	65.70±0.13b	25.07±0.05a	9.24±0.08a	35.33±0.18a
		N1	2.92±0.25b	2.11±0.08c	2.61±0.26b	72.91±0.09ac	19.22±0.32ab	7.90±0.13a	36.30±0.21a
		N2	4.00±0.31ab	1.01±0.19a	3.82±0.05ac	79.77±0.15a	15.94±0.26a	4.29±0.12b	41.54±0.08ab
		N3	3.80±0.22ab	2.30±0.50a	3.71±0.09a	79.22±0.32ab	11.95±0.02c	8.82±0.15b	37.33±0.31a

年份 Year	温度 Temperature	施氮水平 Nitrogen level	大薯数 Number of big potatoes /(个/穴)	中薯数 Number of middle potatoes /(个/穴)	小薯数 Number of small potatoes /(个/穴)	大薯率 Big potato rate/%	中薯率 Medium potato rate/%	小薯率 Small potato rate/%	产量 Yield /(t·hm^-2)
2019	T1	N0	2.47±0.14a	1.58±0.06c	2.84±0.37b	55.00±0.03ab	15.75±0.03b	15.25±0.03a	33.88±0.75c
		N1	2.73±0.27a	1.78±0.22bc	2.99±0.16a	70.25±0.02b	19.25±0.01a	7.99±0.02ab	36.98±0.45b
		N2	3.21±0.16a	1.84±0.12b	2.51±0.36b	72.00±0.05a	16.75±0.01ab	8.25±0.01b	40.49±0.40a
		N3	2.84±0.35a	2.20±0.14a	3.06±0.23a	68.00±0.01ab	18.25±0.01ab	11.75±0.01ab	39.20±0.87a
	T2	N0	3.14±0.91b	1.83±0.26b	3.61±0.08a	70.50±0.07a	12.75±0.01a	16.75±0.02a	37.79±0.61c
		N1	3.16±0.14a	2.33±0.20a	2.89±0.13b	74.75±0.01a	20.00±0.01ab	5.25±0.01c	40.96±0.83b
		N2	3.39±0.56a	2.16±0.12a	1.84±0.18bc	78.00±0.02a	17.75±0.02b	4.25±0.01b	43.95±0.84a
		N3	3.40±0.21a	2.02±0.06b	3.23±0.13b	76.00±0.05a	19.25±0.01ab	6.75±0.01bc	43.50±0.93ab
2020	T1	N0	2.31±0.22a	1.45±0.35b	2.12±0.41c	58.30±0.12a	27.67±0.08ab	11.03±0.04ab	30.91±0.05b
		N1	2.41±0.34a	2.42±0.18bc	3.40±0.41a	66.76±0.08ab	18.13±0.25a	9.11±0.09a	32.53±0.17a
		N2	3.58±0.23a	2.20±0.22a	2.90±0.02a	75.69±0.19bc	16.38±0.46a	7.93±0.09ab	38.28±0.26a
		N3	3.51±0.35a	1.81±0.31c	2.31±0.03ab	66.55±0.24a	23.92±0.40a	9.54±0.12ab	33.54±0.09ab
	T2	N0	2.87±0.95ab	1.21±0.42a	3.71±0.08c	65.70±0.13b	25.07±0.05a	9.24±0.08a	35.33±0.18a
		N1	2.92±0.25b	2.11±0.08c	2.61±0.26b	72.91±0.09ac	19.22±0.32ab	7.90±0.13a	36.30±0.21a
		N2	4.00±0.31ab	1.01±0.19a	3.82±0.05ac	79.77±0.15a	15.94±0.26a	4.29±0.12b	41.54±0.08ab
		N3	3.80±0.22ab	2.30±0.50a	3.71±0.09a	79.22±0.32ab	11.95±0.02c	8.82±0.15b	37.33±0.31a

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Potato Yield, Starch Content and Related Enzyme Metabolic During Tuber Formation After High Temperature Stress

施氮对块茎形成期高温胁迫后马铃薯块茎产量、淀粉含量和相关酶代谢活性的影响

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