Abstract:

In order to explore the application effect of straw returning to field combined with water-saving irrigation technology, the effect of different irrigation regimes on rice growth and development, yield and its components, and water use efficiency was studied under the condition of straw returning to full field. The results showed that as for rice growth and development, to some extent, straw returning to field combined with water-saving irrigation technology could increase tillers number in the early middle period, decrease plant height at maturity, reduced the panicle formation percentage with the decrease of irrigation amount. In the early middle period of rice growth and development, proper reduction of water supply is beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter in leaves and stems and sheath, the dry matter output rate and transfer rate of leaves were the largest under the treatment of control irrigationⅠ, arriving at 14.19% and 4.15%, and the dry matter output rate and transfer rate of stems and sheath were the largest under the treatment of intermittent irrigation,arriving at 28.69% and 17.39%, respectively. As for yield and its components, the yield order of the different irrigation regimes was intermittent irrigation>flooding irrigation>control irrigationⅠ>control irrigationⅡ. As for water use efficiency, irrigation water use efficiency was the largest under the treatment of control irrigationⅡ with 3.55 kg?m-3, and natural rainfall water use efficiency was the largest under the treatment of control irrigationⅡ,arriving at 1.10 kg?m-3. Total water use efficiency was the largest under the treatment of control irrigationⅠ, arriving at 0.75 kg?m-3. The results concluded that, under the condition of straw returning to field and ensuring yield, the best irrigation regimes were intermittent irrigation and control irrigation I.The results could provide theoretical basis for water management under straw returning to field in Northeast China, increase water use efficiency and improve rice production sustainable development.

Key words: straw returning to field, irrigation regime, growth and development, yield, water use efficiency

摘要：

为探究秸秆还田结合节水灌溉技术的应用效果,本试验通过在秸秆全量还田条件下,设置不同灌溉方式,研究其对水稻生长发育、产量及其构成因素、水分利用效率等的影响,结果表明,在水稻生长发育上,秸秆还田下节水灌溉能够在一定程度上提高水稻中前期分蘖数,降低成熟期水稻植株株高,随着灌水量的减少,分蘖成穗率逐渐降低;在水稻生长发育的中前期,适当减少水分供给有利于水稻叶片和茎鞘干物质的积累,叶片干物质输出率与转换率以控灌I处理最大,分别达到14.19%和4.15%,茎鞘干物质输出率和转换率间以歇灌溉处理最大,分别达28.69%和17.39%;在产量及其构成因子上,水稻产量依次为间歇灌溉>淹水灌溉>控灌I>控灌II;在水分利用效率上,灌溉水水分利用效率以控灌II最大,为3.55 kg?m-3,自然降水水分利用率以间歇灌溉最大,为1.10 kg?m-3,总水分利用率以控灌I最大,为0.75 kg?m-3。综上,在秸秆还田和保证产量的前提下,间歇灌溉和控灌I处理最佳。本研究为东北地区水稻秸秆还田下水分管理,提高水资源利用效率,促进水稻生产可持续发展提供了理论依据。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 灌溉方式, 生长发育, 产量, 水分利用效率