Abstract:

Space breeding is a novel effective approach to crop mutational improvement,which was firstly founded by the chinese scientists in 1987.A national collaborative research network has been established and significant achievements have been made during the past twenty years.More than forty new mutant varieties derived from space mutagenesis in rice,wheat,cotton,sweet pepper,tomato,sesame and alfalfa have been developed,officially released and put into production.A series of useful rare mutant germplasms which might make a great breakthrough in crop grain yield and/or quality improvement have been obtained.Technique innovations in space breeding and ground simulation of space environmental factors have been made good progresses.Intellective property right protection and industrialization of space mutation techniques and mutant varieties,exploration of the mechanism of space mutation induction have also been stably advanced.In this paper,the main achievements of crop space breeding in the past twenty years had been reviewed.The perspective development strategies of space breeding were also discussed.

Key words: crop, space breeding, new variety, mutant germplansm, development strategy

摘要：

航天育种是我国科学工作者开创的农作物诱变遗传改良的一种有效新途径。经过20年的探索发展,已建立了全国航天育种研究协作网,航天育种研究工作取得了可喜的成果:在水稻、小麦、棉花、青椒、番茄、芝麻、牧草等作物上育成和审定了40多个高产、优质、多抗的农作物新品种,并开始在农业生产中发挥作用;获得了一批有可能对产量和品质等重要经济性状有突破性影响的罕见突变;航天诱变与地面模拟诱变育种技术创新取得显著进展;航天育种技术及其产品的知识产权保护与产业化、航天诱变机理探索等方面研究得到稳步推进。本文系统评述了我国航天育种20年来的基本成就,并根据当前研究和应用形势提出了发展战略。

关键词: 作物;;航天育种;;新品种;;突变种质;;发展战略