10 March 2022, Volume 36 Issue 3
    

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    Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
  • ZHENG Jiarui, LI Yunzhou
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 489-496. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0489
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    Tomato Spotted Wilt Orthotospovirus (TSWV), is one of the serious viruses that occur during the growth of tomatoes, which seriously threatens the safe production of tomatoes all over the world. In order to study the defensive effect of BTH-induced plant resistance to TSWV in tomato, in this study, Dwarf tomato was used as the research material, tomato plants were pretreated with 0.1 mM benzothiadiazole (BTH) to study the defense effect of BTH induced resistance against TSWV. The index, such as disease severity, virus content, plant antioxidant capacity, plasma membrane stability, cell dissociation and the expression levels of SlMAPK1、SlMAPK2 and SlMAPK3 were determined. The results showed that pretreatment with 0.1 mmol·L-1 BTH could induce the expression of key genes in MAPK cascade signaling pathway, such as SlMAPK1, SlMAPK2 and SlMAPK3, improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the stability of plasma membrane, and reduce the damage of virus to cells, so as to enhance the tolerance of tomato plants to TSWV, inhibit the replication of TSWV in tomato plants, and reduce the severity of the disease. This research lays the foundation for the study of plant antiviral via induced resistance

  • JIANG Yu, HE Junrong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 497-508. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0497
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    The color of orchid leaf is very important for its ornamental and commercial value. The Chinese orchid Longchangsu and its leaf color mutant Yeyi Longchangsu are important materials to study the formation mechanism of the leaf color of orchid. Next-generation sequencing on Illumina Hiseq2500 platform was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the rhizomes of Longchangsu and Yeyi Longchangsu. The expressions of genes related to pigment synthesis and chloroplast development were significantly different between Longchangsu and Yeyi Longchangsu rhizomes. The sequence data obtained in this study greatly enriched the available gene resources of Chinese orchid and provided scientific reference for further clarifying the molecular mechanism of leaf color formation of Chinese orchid.

  • YANG Yingying, LI Ruosi, WANG Yiping, YUAN Xiaoping, ZHANG Mengchen, YANG Yaolong, WEI Xinghua, FENG Yue
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 509-516. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0509
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    African cultivated rice (Oryza glaberrima) is an important rice germplasm resource. Its introgression line can provide new beneficial genes to the genetic background of ordinary cultivated rice. If these excellent genes can be introduced into Asian cultivated rice, it will provide valuable gene resources for molecular design breeding of high-yield and high-quality rice. In this study, the F2 and F2:3 populations of 188 lines derived from the cross of the introgression line YIL60 and the recurrent parent Zhong9B (Z9B) were used as materials. The grain shape traits including grain length (GL), grain width (GW), the ratio of grain length to width (LWR), thousand-grain weight (TGW), flag leaf morphological traits including flag leaf length (FLL) and flag leaf width (FLW) were tested and the QTLs were mapped. A total of 16 QTLs were detected, including 2 QTLs for GL, 3 QTLs for GW, 2 QTLs for LWR, 2 QTLs for TGW, 1 QTL for FLL, and 6 QTLs for FLW, these QTLs were distributed on chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 10 and 11, which could explain 2.25%~25.64% of the phenotypic variation. There were four pleiotropic QTL intervals, and four QTLs qGW7-1, qFLL10, qFLW10, qTGW7 were detected repeatedly in both F2 and F2:3 populations. Among them, the locus between RM3589 and RM3394 on chromosome 7 simultaneously controlling GL, GW, LWR and TGW was identified, and explained up to 17.10% of the phenotypic variation, which is a novel grain shape QTL from Africa cultivated rice. These results will lay a certain theoretical foundation for further fine mapping, cloning of genes and molecular marker-assisted breeding for the grain shape and flag leaf traits.

  • LU Dandan, TAN Zhengwei, LI Lei, YU Yongliang, XU Lanjie, YANG Hongqi, DONG Wei, LIANG Huizhen
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 517-526. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0517
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    Anthocyanin reductase (ANR) is a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins downstream of flavonoid metabolism pathway, which has a negative regulatory effect on anthocyanin content. To investigate the sequence characteristics of ANR gene in Carthamus tinctorius L. and its relationship with flower color, ANR gene from Carthamus tinctorius(CtANR) was cloned by reverse transcriptional PCR, and its bioinformatics and phylogenetic analysis were carried out. The expression levels of CtANR gene in different tissues and different flowering stages of Carthamus tinctorius varieties with different flower colors were also determined. The results showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of CtANR gene was 1020 bp in length, encodingan unstable hydrophilic protein with a molecular weight of 37 958.28 Da and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.87. It belonged to the NADB-Rossmann superfamily, and its secondary structure was mainly composed of α-helical and random coil. CtANR shared the highest similarity (83.98%)with ANR of Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (CcANR), and was most closely related to CcANR in the phylogenetic tree. However, it was far from ANR of Prunus mume and Prunus avium, which was also reflected by their great differences in protein modeling structures. Quantitative real time PCR analysis showed that the CtANR gene showed the lowest abundance in the early stage of fruiting bulb formation, followed by root and stem, whereas exhibited relatively high expressionin flower. In addition, at different stages of flower development, the expression level of CtANR gene in red flower variety was decreased first, then increased and then decreased, while that in white flower variety was decreased first and then increased sustainably. Among different varieties of Carthamus tinctorius, the expression levels of CtANR gene differed highly significantly in S1, S3 and S5 stages of flower development (P< 0.01), and significantly in S4, bracts, roots and leaves (P< 0.05), but insignificant in other stages and other tissues. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis and color related genes in Carthamus tinctorius.

  • LIANG Dongyi, LIU Lihong, CHEN Shanshan, MIAO Huiying, LIU Haoran, MENG Fanliang, SHAO Zhiyong, WANG Qiaomei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 527-534. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0527
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    To explore tomato leaf shape regulation of BES1, a key component in brassinosteroids (BRs) signaling pathway, the experiment constructed the hybrid plant, of which mBES1 gene was overexpressed and the microtubules were labeled with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) in the mBES1-OX background (mSlBES1-OX×SlTub6-eGFP, B×T). Morphological and cytological observation showed that BES1 overexpression resulted in curly leaf and leaf cells with altered shape. Western Blot assay confirmed that BES1 overexpression reduces the expression of tubulin in tomato leaves. In addition, microtubules were more sensitive to the microtubule-disrupting regent oryzalin in B×T than in SlTub6-eGFP. In conclusion, BES1 as a key component in BR signaling pathway affects the morphology of tomato cells and leaves by regulating the protein expression of tubulin and the stability of microtubules. These results provide important insight into how BR regulates the growth and development of tomato by mediating microtubules.

  • ZHU Junzhao, CHEN Yujie, LYU Shenyang, CHEN Xingyue, YANG Yuzhi, ZHENG Wenjuan, ZHU Shihua, DING Wona
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 535-543. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0535
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    Lateral roots are important organs for rice post-embryonic development, which play roles in nutrients absorptions and plant stabilization. In this study, a rice lateral root mutant Oslrd2 (Oryza sativa lateral root defective 2) was identified from a mutant library derived from Kasalath by ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS). The phenotypes of the mutant were studied and genetic analysis, map-based cloning, candidate gene sequencing and transgenic complementation were conducted. Compared with the wild type, the seedling height and root elongation of Oslrd2 was clearly inhibited in the seedling stage, and the lateral roots were also less and shorter. Through methylene blue staining and anatomical examination, the lateral root primordia in Oslrd2 were less, and the primordia and lateral roots were swelled. Moreover, the plant height, effective panicles number, the number of grains per panicle, and thousand-grain weight of Oslrd2 at the maturation stage were significantly impaired. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype of Oslrd2 was controlled by a pair of recessive nuclear genes. And the mutant gene was located between two markers InDel 3 and InDel 4 on rice chromosome 11 with a physical distance of about 10 kb. A gene encoding α-tubulin (LOC_Os11g14220) was found within this region. Sequencing analysis revealed a deletion of C1176 and a transition of C1179 to A in its CDS sequence of Oslrd2, which resulted in the replacement of residue D392 by E392 and I393 by a stop codon in the encoded protein sequence, respectively, leading to premature termination of translation. Complementation test confirmed that the Oslrd2 mutant phenotype was caused by this gene. Our results clarify the critical role of OsLRD2 in rice root development and provide a theoretical basis to dissect the molecular mechanism of lateral root development in rice.

  • LIU Lu, WANG Kang, HAN Yilu, YANG Minjie, CHEN Wei, CAO Shifeng, SHI Liyu
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 544-553. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0544
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    To investigate the function of bHLH TFs of kiwifruit, the AcbHLH137 gene was cloned from Actinidia chinensis Qingpihongxiang and its gene function was preliminarily analyzed. The results showed that the AcbHLH137 gene has an open reading frame (ORF) of 969 bp, encoding 323 amino acids. It is mainly composed of basic region and helix-loop-helix region. The similarity between AcbHLH137 protein and the CsbHLH137 of tea plant is 98%. The results of subcellular localization showed that AcbHLH137 was localized in the nucleus. The results of qRT-PCR demonstrated that the expression of AcbHLH137 in mature fruits and stems was higher than in any other tissues and showed an up-regulated pattern during the postharvest storage of kiwifruit. The transient overexpression of AcbHLH137 in tobacco leaves reduced the starch content, which was associated with the increased transcripts of β-amylase gene NbBAM3. It was shown that the transcriptional activities of AcBAM3 could be activated by AcbHLH137 according to the results of the LUC/REN dual luciferase assay. Therefore, it can be concluded that AcbHLH137 transcription factor promotes starch degradation by activating the expression of AcBAM3 gene, thus accelerating the ripening and softening of kiwifruit. Our results will provide a theoretical basis for revealing the transcriptional regulatory of AcbHLH137 transcription factor on kiwifruit starch degradation.

  • HE Lingxiao, HAN Wenlong, LI Bo, JIANG Zhimin, XU Min, LI Fangfang, ZHENG Cong, XU Shixiao
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 554-566. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0554
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    To investigate the effects of cis-abienol biosynthesis gene NtCPS2 on tobacco photosynthesis, we compared the differences of photosynthetic parameters, enzyme activity, products, stomatal opening, cis-abienol, GA3, ABA contents and related synthetic genes among 8306, 8306B, New Yuyan11(MSK326×8306B), MSK326 and Yuyan11 MSK326×8306. The results showed that when compared between 8306B and 8306, Yuyan11 and New Yuan11, the cis-abienol content of 8306B and Yuyan 11 were lower, the GA3 content was increased by 7.90% and 9.79%, the ABA content was decreased by 35.87% and 11.60%, respectively. Furthermore, the expression level of GA20ox, a key positive regulation gene in GAs synthesis, was significantly increased, whereas the expression levels of negative regulation key gene GA2ox and ABA synthesis genes PSY and NCED were significantly decreased. In other aspects, the stomatal closure ratio was decreased by 43.75% and 8.33%, respectively. The stomatal conductance net photosynthetic rate the activities of photosynthesis-related enzymes Rubisco and GAPDH, and the relative gene expression were increased. The photosynthates were changed. Meanwhile the height, number of leaves and pitch of tobacco plant were increased significantly. These findings indicate that the NtCPS2 gene not only affected the diterpenoid metabolic pathway, reduced the content of cis-abienol and increased the content of GA3, but also affected the photosynthesis improved the photosynthetic efficiency and the plant-type. This research provides an example for the feedback regulation of terpenoids on plant photosynthesis.

  • TANG Yuqing, WAN Shuilin, YAN Chengpu, WANG Yuting, HU Zhongdong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 567-577. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0567
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    Carotenoids is an important compound widely distributed in nature and citrus fruit is a rich source of carotenoids. This study explored the accumulation of the carotenoids and the expression of related genes during the ripening of zhuhong mandarin based on following methods: color index value of peel and pulp was evaluated using a handheld chromaticmeter; the carotenoids composition and content were detected by LC-MS/MS and qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of carotenoid synthesis- related genes. The results showed that the Color Index increased during the ripening process, and the Color Index in peel was much higher than pulp at fully mature. The content of carotenoid showed a similar trend as Clor Index, but some carotenoid ingredients in the peel and pulp was different. We found that β-citraurin and Apocarotenal were detected in peel, but not in pulp. The analysis of qRT-PCR found that the expressions of carotenoid related genes were basically up-regulated except PDS, LCYE, and ZEP genes. The expression of PSY, ZDS and HYD genes were significantly related to the content of carotenoid. This study provides a basis for the development and utilization of functional components in citrus.

  • CHEN Yiquan, FANG Nengyan, YE Xiuxian, LUO Yuanhua, ZHONG Huaiqin, HUANG Minling, FAN Ronghui
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 578-588. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0578
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    Oncidium orchid has high ornamental value, but little is known about its molecular mechanism of floral fragrance formation. In this study, floral volatiles of Onc. Sharry Baby, Onc. Twinkfe Yellow Fantasy and Onc. Twinkfe White Fantasy were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The result showed that terpenes were the main volatiles in three Onc. Cultivars during blooming period, but the compounds varied greatly among them. Total contents of floral volatile in Onc. Twinkfe Yellow Fantasy, Onc. Sharry Baby and Onc. Twinkfe White Fantasy ranked from high to low. Results of transcriptome sequencing showed that 459 756 unigenes were obtained, among which about 40.61% were annotated by public database. Most genes in MEP and MVA pathway had the lowest expression in Onc. Twinkfe White Fantasy, followed by Onc. Sharry Baby, the highest in Onc. Twinkfe Yellow Fantasy, which was consistent with total amount of volatiles. Five terpene synthase genes (TPS) `showing significant differential expression were screened from transcriptome data. Among them, OnTPS4 was highly expressed in three varieties, indicating that OnTPS4 played an important role in floral scent formation. OnTPS1, OnTPS2 and OnTPS5 were highly expressed in Onc. Sharry Baby, which might be important genes involved in terpenoid volatile formation in Onc. Sharry Baby. OnTPS3 was highly expressed in Onc. Twinkfe Yellow Fantasy and was an important gene involved in terpenoid volatile formation in Onc. Twinkfe Yellow Fantasy. The expression levels of genes involved in MEP and MVA pathway were consistent with the total amount of volatiles released from flowers, and the expression of TPS was closely related to the release of specific terpenoids volatiles. This study provides an important basis for improvement of flower fragrance in Oncidium. Through the study on the mechanism of flower fragrance formation, it will provide a basis for improvement of flower fragrance in Oncidium.

  • YI Zehui, MAO Liping, ZHAO Jing, SUN Daizhen
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 589-601. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0589
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    Soil salinization is one of the stress factors that impeding the development of agriculture. Screening of salt-tolerant germplasm of asparagus can lay a foundation for breeding new salt-tolerant asparagus varieties and studying the salt-tolerant mechanism. Forty-nine asparagus varieties were used as experimental materials in this study and the representative plants of each variety were selected by the secondary selection method. The representative plants were cultured in hydroponics supplement with 0 (CK) and 310 mmol·L-1 NaCl (T) for salt stress, respectively. Four germination indicators and eight seedling indicators, such as germination rate, germination potential, plant height, root length, and so on were measured. Based on the salt tolerance coefficient, multiple statistical analyses were used to comprehensive evaluate the salt tolerance of 49 asparagus varieties. The results showed that salt stress had extremely significant effects on all indicators (P<0.01). Among them, the salt tolerance coefficient of underground dry weight and root-shoot ratio were greater than 1, while the other indicators are less than 1. Correlation analysis showed that there was extremely significant correlation among different germination indicators (P<0.01), and most seedling indicators significantly (P<0.05) or extremely significant (P<0.01) correlated with each other. The tested varieties were clustered into four salt-tolerant grades including strong salt tolerance, medium salt tolerance, weak salt tolerance and salt sensitivity according to U values at germination stage. The eight individual indicators at seedling stage were converted into three separate comprehensive indicators by principal component analysis, representing 77.805% of the total information. According to D value clustering analysis, 12 strong salt-tolerant varieties, 20 medium salt-tolerant varieties, 14 weak salt-tolerant varieties and 3 salt-sensitive varieties were identified at seedling stage. Among them, only Guanjun and Texlong were identified as strong salt tolerance at both germination and seedling stage. The ranking of salt-tolerance based on U value at germination stage and D value at seedling stage was basically consistent with the comprehensive salt tolerance coefficient (CSC) and weighted salt tolerance coefficient (WSC) at the same stage. Compared with the traditional identification method,the method used in this study was more scientific and reasonable, which could greatly reduce the workload of field identification during the whole growth period, and could be suitable for the salt-tolerant evaluation of lots of asparagus germplasms and has important significance for the improvement and utilization of saline soil.

  • ZHANG Xiaobin, XIE Baoliang, ZHU Yihang, ZHENG Kefeng, GU Qing
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 602-612. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0602
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    In order to realize the high-throughput acquisition of vegetable soybean pod phenotypes, a visible light imaging technology was used to obtain bean-pod images. Considering the requirements of breeding for phenotypic information, the acquisition and analysis methods for the soybean pod phenotypic information was proposed based on a computer image processing technology, and corresponding analysis software was developed. The proposed method can be used to automatically extract the phenotypic information from vegetable soybean pod images such as pod length, pod width, chord length, arc length, pod area, number of seeds per pod, bending degree and standard color distance in large quantities. The result of image analysis was verified by the measurement of calibration objects and soybean pods. There was no significant difference between the phenotypic indexes of pods obtained from the images and those measured manually (P>0.05), with measurement errors less than 0.07 and determination coefficients (R2) higher than 0.95. The horizontal segmentation method was used to calculate the number of seeds per pod, and the optimal segmentation number was 15. This study proposed a method to measure the pod bending degree using the angle formed by the line segments connecting the central point of the pod with the upper and lower endpoints of the pod respectively, which is more accurate and reasonable. The standard color distance between the pod color and a standard color reference can be used to quantitatively evaluate the difference between pod color traits and breeding objectives. The proposed phenotype acquisition technology is simple and low-cost. It can reduce the artificial measurement errors, improve the reliability of phenotypic information, and greatly increase the efficiency of breeding work. Additionally, this technique is helpful for the quantitative analysis of vegetable soybean phenotypic information and the establishment of a standardized phenotype database.

  • WANG Tingjin, YUAN Lu, LIU Ke, LIU Lingjuan, LIU Shenglong, CHEN Liping, WEN Xiangying
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 613-620. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0613
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    In order to conserve Vaccinium sinicum in Zhejiang Province, the immature fruits were selected to conduct in vitro immature seed culture, in vitro rapid propagation, population tein forcement and reintroduction and genetic diversity analysis. The results showed that 85.19% of immature seeds were full developed when inoculated on the development medium (WPM+activated carbon 2.0 g·L-1+glutamine 0.4 g·L-1+enzymatic hydrolyzed casein 0.5 g·L-1). After inoculated on the germination medium (WPM+6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1+ GA3 1.5 mg·L-1), 30.43% of fully developed seeds germinated, and the total germination rate was 25.92%. The NO.6 propagation medium (WPM+ZT 0.2 mg·L-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L-1) was the best for inducing of regeneration buds with the proliferation rate of 106.67%. After being cultured on the rooting medium (WPM+IBA 1.0 mg·L-1) for 45 days, the rooting rate reached 100%. During the population reinforcement and reintroduction, the plants grew well, with its height and width increasing significantly, and some of which showed significant differences in phenotype from the original plant and the other reintroduced plants. The results of genetic diversity analysis showed that the genetic similarity coefficient between the original plant and the progeny population ranged from 0.727 1 to 0.977 8, the average similarity coefficient was 0.841 0, and the range was 0.250 7. The study provides theoretical and practical basis for the conservation and utilization of V. sinicum in Zhejiang Province and other rare plants.

  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
  • YU Haiyue, XU Wenjie, ZHOU Yang, DAI Xianjun, PAN Jiarong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 621-627. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0621
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    The origin traceability of silkworm cocoons is the basis for the origin traceability of silk. In order to investigate the origin traceability method of silkworm cocoon, this study took cocoons from different origins as the research object to establish the origin traceability model of silkworm cocoons using their isotopic composition of 13C, 15N, 18O and 2H through single-factor analysis of variance, multiple comparative analysis, and fisher linearity. The results of single-factor analysis of variance showed that the δ13C, δ15N, δ18O, and δ2H of cocoons from different origins were different, most of which reached a significant level. The coupling effect of multiple indicators was better than that of single isotope indicators, and the results of stepwise discriminant analysis showed that with the increase of coupling indicators, the initial discrimination rate and the cross discrimination rate of the origin were gradually improved. Finally, the traceability model was established using 4 indicators of δ13C, δ18O, δ15N, and δ2H. The initial discrimination rate and cross discrimination rate of the model were 84.5% and 77.6%, respectively. The results of this study provide a certain basis for the identification of the origin of silkworm cocoons, and traceability basis for the follow-up traceability of the origin of silk.

  • SHEN Xue, NIE Jing, LI Chunlin, SHAO Shengzhi, HUANG Cui, ZHANG Yongzhi, WU Yun, YUAN Yuwei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 628-634. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0628
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    In order to investigate the changes in the stable isotope characteristics of grapes before and after fermentation, the elemental analyzer-stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) was used to analyze the solid samples before fermentation (whole fruit, fruit juice and skin seeds) and after fermentation (skin residue and wine). δ13C, δ15N, δ2H and δ18O were analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in δ15N, δ2H, and δ18O in the samples before and after fermentation; and the regularity of the changes of each element was not strong, and the correlation before and after fermentation was not significant (P>0.05). This study initially revealed the characteristic changes of stable isotopes in wine fermentation, which has a certain reference value for the study of fermentation products and isotope fractionation.

  • LIU Rui, YU Zhanglong, SUN Yuanlin, WANG Hui, LI Yunlong, ZHOU Sumei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 635-642. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0635
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    In order to facilitate the application of germinated buckwheat as raw material for functional food preparation, electrolyzed water with different physicochemical parameters was used to produce buckwheat sprouts in the study. The dynamic change of germination rate, sprouts length, total phenol content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, ABTS radical scavenging capacity and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power were investigated. The soluble and bound phenolic compounds of buckwheat sprouts in the 7th germinaton day were also analyzed. The results showed that in the 7 days of observation period, electrolyzed water was beneficial to the germination and growth of buckwheat. Different antioxidant capacity evaluation methods were considered comprehensively. In germination day of 1 to 3, the total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of buckwheat sprouts in electrolyzed water with pH 11.13 treatment were higher than that of control group significantly (P<0.05), whereas in germination day of 5 to 7, the total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of buckwheat sprouts in electrolyzed water with pH 3.21, 5.02 and 9.02 treatments were higher than that of control group significantly (P<0.05). The main soluble phenolic compounds of buckwheat sprout was chlorogenic acid, and the content of which in electrolyzed water treatments were higher than that of control significantly (P<0.05). The main bound phenolic compound of buckwheat sprout treated by tap water and electrolyzed water were p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid, respectively. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for the application of electrolyzed water in the preparation of functional buckwheat sprouts.

  • LI Ruiping, LIU Xuan, BI Jinfeng, LIU Jianing, LIU Dazhi, LI Jun, ZHU Fengmei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 643-650. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0643
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    The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of refining treatments on the color stability of peach pulp. Processing methods included beating, colloid milling and wet ultrafine grinding at different frequencies (18, 26, 34, 42 and 50 Hz). The fresh peach samples were processed by beating and wet ultrafine grinding at 50 Hz, and the blanched peach samples were processed by beating, colloid milling and wet ultrafine grinding at different frequencies (18, 26, 34, 42 and 50 Hz), the effects of different refining treatments on the apparent color and substances of peach pulp were investigated. Pearson correlation and stepwise linear regression analyses were used to clarify the main factors affecting the color of peach pulp during the refining processes. Results showed that L*, b* and a* values of the unblanched peach pulp sample with ultrafine grinding at 50 Hz for 60 s were higher than those of beating treatment. Compared with the non-blanched peach pulp sample, the L*, b* and ΔE values of the blanched samples increased, while the a* value reduced. For blanched peach pulp samples, as the grinding frequency increased, the values of L*, b* and ΔE increased, but the value of a* did not change significantly. Blanching at 90℃ for 1 min could inactivate the PPO activity and effectively inhibited enzymatic browning. The total phenol, soluble protein and reducing sugar concentration of peach pulp sample with ultrafine grinding at 50 Hz for 60 s were 1.58 GAE·g-1, 0.093% and 2.741%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that with blanching treatment, L* showed a significantly positive correlation with total polyphenol concentration of peach pulp, and was negatively correlated with the concentration of reducing sugar and sucrose. The apparent color of blanched peach pulp was mainly correlated to the contents of glucose and sucrose. After blanching treatment, the color change of peach pulp was mainly caused by Maillard reaction. This study could provide some technological supports for the quality control, subsequent processing and utilization of peach pulp.

  • LIU Xiaochen, CHEN Yu, LIANG Xiaohuan, MIAO Yamei, ZHAO Liyan, WANG Xuejun, ZHENG Yonghua, JIN Peng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 651-660. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0651
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    To improve the freshness preservation of fresh broad bean, the effect of hot water treatment at 45℃ for 10 min on the browning of pods, the quality of seeds and the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism of pods during storage at ambient temperature (20℃) were investigated. The results showed that hot water treatment significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and improved 1,1-diphenyl-2-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging rates. The increase of browning index, activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) were markedly suppressed by hot water treatment which dramatically inhibited the production rate of superoxide anion ($O_{2}^{\cdot -}$), the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, treatment with hot water inhibited consumption of phenolic substances and delayed the degradation of chlorophyll and ascorbic acid (Vc) in broad bean pods. Meanwhile, seed quality, chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content of seeds were maintained by the hot water treatment, but there was no significant effect of the hot water treatment on the protein content of seeds. In summary, hot water treatment at 45℃ for 10 min was an effective preservation technique for the market circulation of fresh broad bean, which enhanced antioxidant capacities of pods, suppressed browning of pods, maintained the quality of internal seeds and delayed the senescence of fresh broad bean fruit.

  • JIA Le, LIU Ruiling, FANG Xiangjun, CHEN Hangjun, GAO Haiyan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 661-668. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0661
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    To elucidate the dominant pathogenic fungi of postharvest lotus roots, the pathogens were isolated and purified from the naturally rotten samples stored at 25℃. The dominant pathogenic strains were identified by morphological and molecular biology assay, and their biological characteristics were investigated. Three fungi named LO-1, LO-2, LO-3 were isolated from the naturally decomposed lotus roots, and LO-1, identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, was the dominant pathogenic fungus by pathogenicity tests. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth of L. theobromae was 25℃ and continuous light could promote the mycelium growth, while the lethal temperature was 55℃ for 10 min. The strain could grow at pH 4~10 and the largest expansion diameter was at pH 5. The optimal carbon and nitrogen source for L. theobromae growth was sucrose and yeast extract. The largest expansion diameter of mycelia was measured on lotus root juice-glucose media. The oatmeal media and continuous light could promote the spore production of L. theobromae. This study would set up a targeted technical guidance for the preservation and prolongation of the storage time of lotus roots.

  • CHEN Xiaoqi, LI Yaochen, LI Luyao, YANG Jing, RAO Shuaiqi, ZHU Biao, ZANG Yunxiang, ZHOU Gen
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(3): 669-679. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.03.0669
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    To extract flavonoids more efficiently, the contents of four individual main flavonoids and the total flavonoids of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) were obtained using single-factor test and response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design. The antibacterial activities of the total flavonoids in okra against six common pathogens were also investigated by the Oxford cup method. The content of the total flavonoids of okra was 4 576.1 μg·g-1, including quercetin-3-gentiobioside (2 403.7 μg·g-1), quercetin-3-O-[β-D-xylosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside] (516.5 μg·g-1), isoquercetin (1 170.7 μg·g-1) and quercetin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside (485.2 μg·g-1) under the optimal extraction conditions, that the extraction temperature 37°C, extraction time 20 min, ethanol concentration 70%, and solid-to-solvent ratio 1∶25 g·mL-1. The values of the flavonoids were close to the predicted value, indicating the feasibility of the extraction process. The extracted flavonoids exhibited good antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Canidia albicans, Aspergillusniger niger and Rhizopus nigricans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 5.0, 3.8, 5.0, 3.8, 7.5 and 7.5 mg·mL-1, respectively. The results provided a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of okra flavonoids.