10 December 2018, Volume 32 Issue 12
    

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    Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
  • XUE Yingyu, YE Wei, YANG Shu, XIE Yuqin, XU Bingliang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2289-2297. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2289
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    In this study, T6 strain of Trichoderma sp. with low ability of dissolving phosphorus was mutated by microwave, DES, UV and compound mutation in order to obtain the strain with highly efficient in dissolving phosphorus. In addition, the growth-promoting effect on tomato of the mutant strain was tested. The results showed that, the proper irradiation for microwave was radiation with 900 W for 70 s, and for 2% DES and 20 W UV, the irradiation time was 40 min and 90 s, respectively. Combined these three mutations, T6-MDU45 mutant with highly efficient in dissolving phosphorus was obtained and its' dissolved phosphorus content reached up to 353.46 μg·mL\+\{-1\}, and was 259.10% higher than that of the original strain. The growth rate and sporulation quantity of mutant were 38.58 mm·d-1 and 8.02×10\+9 CFU·mL\+\{-1\} respectively, no significant differences from those of initial strains. Meanwhile, the passage experiment showed that the mutant strain was stable heritable. The results of growth-promoting effect on tomato showed that conidial suspension of T6-MDU45 could significantly promote the growth of tomato. Compared with the control, the plant height, root length, stem diameter, dry weight of shoots, dry weight of roots, shoots P and roots P of tomato seedlings treated with T6-MDU45 conidial suspension were significantly increased by 29.29%,41.36%,27.45%,44.87%,108.33%,36.55% and 109.92%, respectively, photosynthetic efficiency was distinctly improved and growth was promoted obviously. Therefore, compound mutation could enhance the ability of T6 strain in dissolving phosphorus. The obtained mutant strain provided excellent strain resources for soil improvement and development of multi-function microbial fertilizer.
  • CHI Tianhua, XU Tingting, LIU Yingxin, MA Jie, GUAN Zhiyong, FANG Weimin, CHEN Fadi, ZHANG Fei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2298-2304. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2298
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    To understand the genetic variation of cold tolerance in chrysanthemum related species and provide some reference to genetic improvement for cold tolerance of chrysanthemum, we investigated the heterosis, major gene effect and correlation of the 3 cold tolerance related traits, i.e., semi-lethal temperature (LT50), the rhizome number and height in an interspecific F1 hybrid population derived from diploid species C. dichrum and C. nankingense, and screened some high cold tolerant lines for future breeding use. The result indicated that LT50, rhizome number and rhizome height varied widely in the interspecific F1 population, with variation coefficient of 21.75%, 51.80% and 41.95%, respectively. Mid-parent heterosis with different level was observed for the 3 cold tolerance traits, with significant (P< 0.01) for rhizome number and rhizome height. Mixed inheritance model analysis revealed that LT50was mainly controlled by two pairs of major genes with additivity-dominance-epistasis effect, rhizome quantity was controlled by one pair of major genes with additivity-dominance effect, and rhizome height was controlled by one pair of major genes with additive effect. Correlation analysis showed that LT50was negatively correlated with rhizome quantity and rhizome height at 0.01 level, providing some evidences for indirect selection of LT50. In addition, the membership function-based cluster analysis divided the investigated materials into four types, i.e., high cold tolerance, cold tolerance, low cold tolerance and cold sensitivity, of which the high cold tolerant lines could be used as potential parents in chrysanthemum breeding program targeting cold tolerance. The findings of the current study clarified the genetic variations of cold tolerance in diploid C. dichrum and C. nankingense, and will laid an important foundation for future QTL analysis and breeding for cold tolerance in chrysanthemum.
  • ZHAO Linshu, YU Manli, GUO Huijun, GU Jiayu, XIE Yongdun, ZHAO Shirong, XIONG Hongchun, LIU Luxiang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2305-2312. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2305
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    In order to excavating QTLS velated to anther culture ability and elucidating the genetic control basis of anther culture in vitro. The recombinant inbred lines containing 113 progenies were derived from the cross of H307 γ-rays induced mutant and elite cultivar Zheng 9023, which was an early maturing variety with high-quality that widely applied in the production. The results of phenotypic analysis revealed that two-way transgressive segregation were observed in the traits of callus induction frequency, green plantlet regeneration frequency, albino plantlet differentiation frequency, and albino plantlet yield frequency. Whereas, green plantlet yield frequency was obvious one-way transgressive segregation with low-parent. The simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular marker technology and inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) in QTL Icimapping 3.3 software were applied for QTL mapping of anther culture ability associated gene markers. A total of four QTLs loci related to the traits of callus induction frequency, green plantlet yield frequency and albino plantlet differentiation frequency were detected, which were located on 5B, 6A and 3D chromosome, respectively. Additionally, the QTL on 6A chromosome is possible to be a new locus associated with green plantlet yield frequency and the additive effect allele of this QTL was come from H307. The results of this study may lay a foundation for overcoming the limitation of genotype dependence in anther culture.
  • WANG Rangjian, LI Huiling, GAO Xiangfeng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2313-2325. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2313
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    In order to reveal the defense mechanism of tea plant leaves induced by tea weevil (Myllocerinus aurolinealus Voss) feeding, selected defense related enzyme genes from the differential gene expression profile between the tea weevil damage-induced tea shoot and the undamaged control obtained by RNA-seq technology. The results showed that, 39,037 unigenes were categorized into 25 functional groups based on COG database. Among them, 316 unigenes were categorized in the defensive function. 27,075 unigenes were assigned to 363 signal pathways by function prediction through the KEGG database. From the defense function category obtained by COG analysis, identified 8 significantly differentially expressed unigenes, which were all up-regulated, involved in MAPK signal path, flavonoids biosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism, biosynthesis of terpenoids and phenylalanine metabolism. Based on the KEGG metabolic pathway analysis, we preliminarily clarified the relationships among the 8 enzymes related to defense. Furthermore, RT-qPCR showed that 8 unigenes were all up-regulated expressed within 72 h after tea weevil feeding. The expression differences of those unigenes (dual specificity phosphatase 3, dual specificity MAP kinase phosphatase, anthocyanidin reductase, dihydroflavonol reductase, NADPH-dependent methylglyoxal reductase) were mainly caused by mechanical damage. This research is capable of providing a reference for studying the molecular defense mechanism of tea weevil feeding and giving a guidance for selecting tea weevil resistant tea plant germplasm in future.
  • WANG Guanglong, QUE Feng, CHEN Boqing, REN Xuqin, XIONG Aisheng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2326-2334. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2326
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    To investigate the expression profiles of DcACS gene in different carrot tissues and abiotic stresses, a gene DcACS that encodes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) was cloned from carrot cultivar ‘Kurodagosun’. Bioinformatic tools including DNAMAN, NCBI, ExPASy and MEGA 5.1 were used to analyze the sequence information, and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect the expression levels of DcACS gene in carrot tissues and under abiotic stresses. Sequence analysis showed that the DcACS gene was 1 485 bp in length and encoded 494 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contains 7 conserved domains and four invariant amino acid residues unique to ACS. The evolutionary relationship of DcACS was more close to cucumber and melon from the Cucurbitaceae family. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that DcACS gene had the highest expression in leaves, showing obvious tissue specificity. Moreover, this gene could respond to abiotic stresses, such as high temperature, low temperature, drought, and salt stress. The DcACS gene cloned in this study can shed light on studies about carrot in response to plant growth and abiotic stresses.
  • YANG Bin, XU Qiangwei, NIU Mingyue, LOU Xiongzhen, HUANG Huahong, TONG Zaikang, LIN Erpei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2335-2345. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2335
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    In order to develop SSR molecular markers of Rhododendron fortunei, the SSR information of R. fortunei transcriptome was first analyzed by Misa, and then the polymorphism and transferability of SSR primers were further investigated by using PCR amplification and capillary electrophoresis. In this study, a total of 84 633 Unigenes were obtained by assembling the transcriptome data of R. fortunei. Among which, 21 900 SSR loci were found by Misa. The frequency of SSR was 20.58%, and the average distribution distance was 2.67 kb. Mono-nucleotide, di-nucleotide, and tri- nucleotide repeats were the major SSR locus types. Based on these SSR sequences of R. fortunei, 8 439 pairs of SSR primers were designed, and 45 pairs of SSR primers were randomly selected for polymorphism analysis. As the result, 32 pairs of primers showed polymorphism in 32 different germplasms of R. fortunei. The number of alleles varied from 2 to 8, and the average number of alleles were 5.25. The average of the effective number of alleles, the observed heterozygosity, the expected heterozygosity, the Shannon’s diversity index and the polymorphism information content (PIC) values were 3.175 5, 0.700 6, 0.640 4, 1.326 4 and 0.701 7, respectively. Furthermore, 25 pairs of SSR primers could amplify polymorphic bands in other 31 species of Rhododendron,with a transferability rate of 78.125%. That indicated the high transferability of R. fortunei SSR primers among species of Rhododendron. All these results provide an important foundation for genetic diversity evaluation, molecular marker assisted breeding of R. fortunei as well as the analysis of genetic relationships between Rhododendron species.
  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
  • PAN Yanyan, LEI Liping, LU Jiafang, YANG Wenge, GU Xiaoying, QIAN Yunxia
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2346-2354. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2346
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    In order to study the effect of chitosan films on the quality and microorganism community of perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) during iced storage, we measured quality evaluation index of coating group (K) and control group (C) every three days, including the sensory evaluation value, total bacteria count, pH value, TVB-N value and TBA value . At the same time, the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), combined with bacterial libraries, was used to analyze the microorganism community changes of perch. The results showed that the total bacterial count, pH value, TVB\|N and TBA of K group were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of C group. Combined with the results of sensory evaluation, the shelf-life of the K group samples was to 18~21 days at iced storage, while to 12~15 days for the C group. T-RFLP profiles analysis indicated that the dominant T-RFs of K group and C group were T-RF 141 bp, 456 bp and 488 bp in 0~9 days. In C group, T-RF 490 bp became the dominant T-RF at 12 day, and new 555 bp appeared at 18 day. In K group, T-RF 490 bp appeared at 15 day and remained as dominant T-RF, and T-RF 555 bp appeared at 21st day. T-RFLP and clone library analysis confirmed that T-RF 490 bp belonged to Pseudomonas sp., while T-RF 555 bp for Brochothrix sp.. Thus Pseudomonas sp. and Brochothrix sp. were the main specific spoilage organism to shorten shelf life of perch. This study provided theoretical basis for biological preservation of perch and the changes of bacterial community in perch meat during ice storage.
  • CUI Yuehui, FAN Haixiao, WANG Tian, ZHU Yingchun, LI Xiaohong, MA Ling
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2355-2362. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2355
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    In order to establish a shelf-life model for conditioning porcine patties under different storage temperatures. Ready-to-eat pork patties were manufactured, then stored at -1,4 and 20℃ respectively in this study.Total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), pH value, TBARS value, and the total viable count were measured at 0th,1th, 4th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 16th, 20th, 32th, 37th during storage. The dynamic model was established with the Arrhenius equation while the TVB-N value and total viable count were used as the key quality factors. As a result, the activation energy of TVB-N value and reaction rate constant were 55.22 KJ·mol-1 and 1.25 ×109, respectively. The Ea and k0 of total viable count were 28.16 KJ·mol-1and 3.84 × 103, respectively. It was verified that the relative error of TVB-N value was less than 10%, but that of total viable count was more than 10% in the prediction model. The experimental results show that the prediction model with TVB-N value as the key quality factor can accurately predict the shelf-life of porcine patties in the range of -1℃ to 20℃, which provides a theoretical basis for intelligent forecasting of pork packaging storage and circulation.
  • CHEN Liyan, PAN Daodong, CAO Jinxuan, SUN Yangying, ZENG Xiaoqun, WU Zhen
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2363-2372. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2363
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    In order to investigate the effect of ultrasonic on protein structure and meat quality of goose, goose breast slaughtered for 24 hours was treated them by ultrasonic for 0, 30, 60 minutes, and then stored at 4℃ for 7 days. The analysis was carried out by combination of electronic microscope photos, Raman spectroscopy and SDS-PAGE. Asaresult, the change tendency of structure and degradation of goose meat protein was group Ⅱ>group Ⅰ>CK. The longer the ultrasonic treatment time was, the more serious of the damage of myolin, A band, I band, Z line and M line were, and the density of the myofibril protein bands increased 5 and 7 days. Meanwhile, the analysis of protein secondary structure showed that ultrasonic treatment accelerated the transition of α-helix to β-sheet and random coil. Compared with control, ultrasonication, significantly increased L* (P<0.05)while it had no apparent effect on b* value pH during maturation. Additionally, the cooking loss and hardness of goose meat decreased while adhesiveness enhanced after treated with ultrasonication. The present results could provide reference basis for improving the quality of goose meat by ultrasonic.
  • QU Yuan, YU Guoxian, LI Shanshan, SHEN Guanghui, LUO Qingying, WU Hejun, ZHANG Zhiqing
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2373-2379. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2373
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    The main objective of this study is to explore the composition and physicochemical properties of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. seed protein. Four kinds of proteins including albumin, globulin, prolamin and glutelin from Zanthoxylum armatum DC. seed were extracted using the Osborne method. The results showed that the content of 4 type proteins were 23.06%, 21.64%, 6.41% and 40.02%, the isoelectric points were 3.0, 3.3, 2.0 and 3.3, respectively. The scanning electron microscope(SEM)showed that albumin surface had meticulous multilayers, glutelin was ridge-shaped, albumin and glutelin molecules were closely connected, with large aperture on part of surface and Globulin surface was smooth, loose and had less holes, with synaptic stratification. Prolamin molecules were irregular spherical, which were tightly connected, with irregular spherical, and connected to larger molecular groups. The DSC results showed that the thermal denaturation temperature were 35.71, 37.75, 33.44 and 40.01℃, respectively. The results of SDS-PAGE analysis showed albumin subunits were roughly distributed in 34.414, 21.841, 11.059 kDa, globulin subunits were probably distributed in 32.924, 20.683 kDa, prolamin had no spectral bands, glutelin subunits were probably distributed in 32.441, 19.801, 11.059 kDa. This study provides a theoretical basis for the high value utilization of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. seed protein.
  • LU Haiqing, HU Fengcha, CHEN Chuan, CAI Yan, MAO Yanling, YANG Zhenfeng, FENG Meifang, CHEN Shubing
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2380-2387. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2380
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    Parameters affecting the UV degradation process of added patulin (PAT) in apple juice were analyzed through single factor experiments UV light intensity, initial PAT concentration, layer thickness, UV reaction time, and temperature were considered. The degradation rate and equation of PAT was fitted into a kinetic model. The physical and chemical properties of apple juice, including pH value, soluble solids contents, titratable acid and ascorbic acid were investigated. The results showed that UV treatment could effectively reduce the content of PAT in apple juice, and the photodegradation of PAT followed first-order kinetics. The apparent degradation rate constant (k) increases with the higher UV irradiation intensity, the decreasing initial concentration of PAT and the smaller the liquid layer thickness, while the temperature had no significant effect. The photolysis rate equation y=-0.104-0.131x1+0.014x2+0.011x3 was established with on the three key degradation factors of UV light intensity, initial PAT concentration, layer thickness. The fitting degree R2=0.988 means the model was significant. In addition, there were minor changes on the pH value, soluble solids contents, titratable acid and ascorbic acid of apple juice after UV degradation. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for UV degradation of PAT in apple juice.
  • ZHU Guangqi, LI Fanghao, SHU Lin, XU Jiaqi, CHEN Yuan, LI Jianrong, HAN Xiaoxiang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2388-2396. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2388
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    To further improve the utilization and economic value of Jinhua ham, Jinhua Ham hydrolysate was parepared, Alcalase and flavourzyme were used to hydrolyze Jinhua ham by a stepwise biological enzymolysis technology. Based on the preliminary hydrolysis of Jinhua ham by alcalase, enzymatic hydrolysis process of Jinhua ham with flavourzyme was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). After optimization, the second step of enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were as follows: ratio of material to water of 1:5, flavourzyme amount of 2.90%, primary pH value of 5.70, temperature of 45℃, hydrolysis time of 3 h. Under these conditions, the hydrolysis degree (DH) of Jinhua ham was 22.00%. Amino acid content in enzymatic hydrolysate reached 48.19% of the dry matter weight, contents of glutamate and aspartate were obviously increased, and flavor strength had been greatly enhanced. In addition, a high-quality Jinhua ham flavor base can be prepared by the double-enzyme stepwise hydrolysis, which is of great significance to improve the utilization and overall value of Jinhua ham. The study also provide a research theoretical basis for the development of Jinhua ham flavor seasoning.
  • ZHANG Wenting, KONG Xiulin, SUN Jian, XU Fei, ZHU Hong, YUE Ruixue, ZHANG Yi, NIU Fuxiang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2397-2405. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2397
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    In order to optimize the extraction process of polyphenols from sweet potato leaves using a ultrasonic assisted method. Box-Behnken response surface analysis method was used on the basis of single-factor experiment. The differences of polyphenol content in different varieties of sweet potato leaves and roots were compared. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions of sweet potato leaves polyphenols were as follows: ethanol concentration fraction of 73%, extraction time of 35 min, and liquid-material ratio of 40 mL·g-1. Under this condition, the polyphenol content of oven-drying sample of the variety Xushu 36 sweet potato leaves was 32.92±0.093 mg·g-1 (RSD=0.21%). The content of polyphenols in leaves and tubers of 12 sweet potato cultivars was determined and analyzed. That there was a significant difference in the polyphenol content of sweet potato. Among them, the contents of polyphenols with in leaves and tubers of the variety Xuzishu 6 were the highest. The content of polyphenols in different flesh color sweet potato tubers was roughly purple meat type > red (yellow) meat type > white meat type. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of the leaves of sweet potato.
  • Isotope Tracer Technique·Ecology & Environment·Physiology
  • ZHENG Yaping, WU Zhengfeng, WANG Chunxiao, WANG Caibin, SHEN Pu, ZHAO Hongjun, FENG Hao, SUN Xiushan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2406-2413. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2406
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    In order to investigate the changes in the magnesium (Mg) nutrition characteristics for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under various soil tillage measures, no tillage, shallow plough 20 cm, deep plough 30 cm (DP), and deep loosing 30 cm were carried out in three typical brown soil experimental sites of Wangcheng, Xiadian and Qishan, which were used to study the Mg absorption characteristics, critical value of soil exchangeable Mg, and the relationships of Mg absorption with yield, quality and phosphorus (P) absorption. Results showed that total Mg absorption amount was highest under DP, following by SP and DL, and NT was the lowest. Pod Mg uptake amounts (6.7~11.8 kg·hm-2) were lower than other parts of root, stem, leaf and peg (18.9~31.9 kg·hm-2), while NT was of 21.2~36.7% lower than other three treatments. Higher pod Mg absorption amounts significantly positively contributed to higher yields and better qualities. With each increase of 1.0 kg·hm-2 in pod Mg absorption amount, peanut yield was increased by 500 kg·hm-2, while contents of oil, protein, sucrose, 100-pod weight, and 100-kernel weight were increased by 196.0, 83.4, 15.7, 14.0 and 6.4 kg·hm-2, respectively. The increase of Mg absorption amount in peanut extremely significantly promoted the P absorption amount as well (P < 0.01), and the response rate was higher in pod than other parts of peanut. A quadratic equation simulated well the relationship between soil exchangeable Mg content and peanut Mg absorption amount. The lower limit of critical value for soil exchangeable Mg content was 402 mg·kg-1, while peanut pod and total Mg absorption amounts increased as it was lower than the critical value. When soil exchangeable Mg content exceeded the high limit value of 455 mg·kg-1, peanut Mg absorption amount was not increased continuously. In short, improving the peanut Mg nutrition by appropriate tillage measures such as deep plough contribute to the synergistic absorption of Mg and P, which further enhanced peanut yield and quality. The present study provides a theoretical basis for rational Mg nutrition management in peanut field.
  • XU Shoujun, XUE Hainan, LIU Zhiping, ZHANG Fengying, BAO Haizhu, DAO Rina, LI Guoxing
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2414-2423. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2414
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    The change of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of spring barley under the interaction of fertilizer and density was studied using Mengpimai 5 as materials by orthogonal regression experiment in order to reveal the mechanism of fertilization and planting density on the photosynthesis of barley. The results showed that increasing nitrogen, potassium fertilizer and planting density could increase the maximum fluorescence yield (Fm) of barley under a certain range, but it decreased due to more than a certain range. Increasing the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and planting densities can effectively improve the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), but the Fv/Fm decreases beyond a certain range. The addition of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can effectively improve the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), but more than a certain range, the qP decreased. The effect of fertilizer and density factor interaction was analyzed.The results showed that in heading date of Mengpimai 5, Fm's theoretical maximum is 935.089 when the amount of fertilizer was nitrogen (N) 108.37 kg· hm-2, Phosphorus (P2O5) 122.11 kg· hm-2, potassium (K2O) 78.43 kg· hm-2 and the planting density 6 395 700 plant· hm-2. Fm's theoretical maximum is 935.089 when the amount of fertilizer was nitrogen (N) 108.37 kg· hm-2, Phosphorus (P2O5) 122.11 kg· hm-2, potassium (K2O) 78.43 kg· hm-2 and the planting density 6 395 700 plant· hm-2. The theoretical maximum of Fv/Fm is 0.79 when the amount of fertilizer was nitrogen (N) 103.77 kg· hm-2, Phosphorus (P2O5) 113.92 kg· hm-2, potassium (K2O) 70.00kg· hm-2 and the planting density 5 606 500 plant· hm-2. The theoretical maximum of qP is 0.708 when the amount of fertilizer was nitrogen (N) 103.38 kg· hm-2, Phosphorus (P2O5) 113.86 kg· hm-2, potassium (K2O) 70.00kg· hm-2 and the planting density 5 630 400 plant· hm-2. The results can provide the best cultivation technology for the production of spring barley in the eastern irrigation area of Inner Mongolia.
  • WANG Yujiao, WU Wei, GUO Zhongjun, CHANG Xuhong, WANG Demei, TAO Zhiqiang, SHI Shubing, ZHAO Guangcai
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2423-2430. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2423
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    To explore the effective use of the seeds and seed storage mechanism of aging, this research employed Xinchun 26, 30 and Xinhan 688 as materials,using high-temperature and high-humidity aging methods to process different varieties of spring wheat seeds vigor and root growth characteristics of the correlation between aging and various traits change under process conditions of 0,3,6 and 9 days.The results showed that with the extension of artificial aging time, the seed germination rate, germination index, vigor index showed a significant downward trend, indicating that the seed in a relatively short time high temperature and humidity stress injury suffered lighter, aging the longer the treatment, the deeper the seed hurt.The seed germination power, germination rate and germination index of Xinchun 30 and Xinhan 688 after 3 days of aging all showed a downward trend, but did not reach a significant level, and the index of seed vigor of Xinchun 26 began to decline from 6 days of aging. The seedlings after germination showed that the longer the aging time, the shorter the height of the seedlings, the shorter the length of the root system, the more significant the other indicators of the root system. The seed germination index, vitality index and root dry weight, length, root surface area, root volume, and average diameter were significantly or extremely significant\|positively correlated. This research provides a theoretical basis for seed aging mechanism and effective use of seeds after storage.
  • NI Guorong, PAN Xiaohua, SHI Qinghua, WU Jianfu, ZHOU Chunhuo
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2431-2437. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2431
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    In order to explore the sterilization ways for the influence of soil nutrient and rice growth, different sterilization methods of moist heat, chloroform fumigation and 60Co gamma ray were used with non\|sterilization treatment as control to study the effect of sterilization methods on the sterilization effect and nutrients, and rice as experiment material, studied the effect of sterilization methods on rice growth. The results showed that the optimal dose of irradiation method for sterilization effect is 15 kGy, and the other three kinds of sterilization achieved 100% in sterilization rate, The sterilization significantly reduced the total nitrogen, available nitrogen and pH in the soil, meanwhile, and significantly improved the available phosphorus and organic matter content in soil with no significant effect on soil available K content, The chloroform fumigation obviously improved the content of soil organic matter and available potassium, significantly reduced the total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus content and pH value in soil. The irradiated sterilization significantly increased the content of soil available phosphorus and available potassium, and significantly reduced the content of total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil which has no significant influence on soil organic matter and pH value. Red paddy soil is the complex high buffer environment, and different sterilization methods will have different effect on the soil corresponding sterilization effect. The three sterilization methods all significantly increased the rice plant height. The fresh weight of seeding, the fresh weight of root and the total fresh weight of rice were all significantly increased by the two sterilization methods except sterilization. The finding of this experiment could provide the foundation for choosing the mode of sterilization. with minimum interference for different test purpose.
  • SHAO Qingqin, ZHOU Qin, WANG Xiao, CAI Jian, HUANG Mei, DAI Tingbo, JIANG Dong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2438-2447. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2438
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    In order to understand the relationship between transportation and lodging resistance of different wheat varieties and their sensitivity to paclobutrazol, we had adopted a two-factor split plot design with wheat cultivars (Aikang 58, Liangxing 66, Jimai 22, Yannong 19, Annong 0305, Wanmai 29, Yanzhang 4110 and Xinmai 20) as main-plot and paclobutrazol spraying stages (reciprocal fifth leaf treatment, reciprocal fourth leaf treatment, reciprocal third leaf treatment and contrast) as sub-plot to study dry matter accumulation, lodging resistance and yield in wheat varieties and the regulation of paclobutrazol on them. The result showed that AK58 has lowest translocation amount, translocation rate and contribution rate to grain about storage materials in vegetative organs before anthesis, so it has the best anti-lodging performance. As for Wanmai29 and Liangxing 66, they had more accumulation of dry matter in stem+sheath, and higher translocation amount of storage materials in vegetative organs pre anthesis and dry matter accumulation amount after anthesis. At the same time, its yield and lodging resistance were both higher. Moreover, the paclobutrazol effects on wheat dry matter accumulation and transportation and the increase of lodging resistance were largest in reciprocal fifth leaf treatment, followed by reciprocal fourth leaf treatment. Comparing with control, in reciprocal fifth leaf treatment, translocation amount and contribution rate of storage materials in vegetative organs pre anthesis reduced by 4.59%~26.03% and 5.99%~30.38%, and dry matter distribution amount in leaf, stem+sheath and spike +glume at mature period increased by 17.33%~31.98%, 19.07%~38.62% and 7.14%~39.23%, respectively. Moreover, the accumulation amount and contribution rate of dry matter after anthesis increased by 0.19%~25.35% and 3.28%~14.63%, and gravity center height reduced by 4.66%~8.15%, so mechanical strength and lodging resistance index increased by 11.30%~36.79% and 10.68%~46.58%, respectively. In conclusion, Wanmai 29 and Liangxing 66 have high yield and lodging resistance, so they are suitable for large area planting. Paclobutrazol treatment can increase dry matter accumulation in grain and stem sheath and stem sheath dry matter allocation proportion at mature, and achieve the coordination between high yield and lodging resistance. The reciprocal fifth leaf stage is the best stage to spray paclobutrazol to improve the anti-lodging performance. This study provides theoretical basis and technical support for the cultivation of wheat in lodging resistance.
  • YUAN Junwei, LI Minmin, LIU Changjiang, HAN Bin, YIN Yonggang, SUN Yan, GUO Zijuan, ZHAO Shengjian
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2448-2454. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2448
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    The effects of NaCl stress on growth, ions(Cl-, Na+, K+) absorption, transportation and distribution in roots, shoots and leaves of 101-14(Ⅴ.Riparia×Ⅴ.Rupestis)with high salt tolerance and 188-08(Ⅴ.Berlandieri×Ⅴ.Riparia)with low salt tolerance in a pot experiment were studied in a pot experiment,in order to further understand the physiological mechanism of Grapevine rootstocks salt tolerance. The results showed that the relative growth of leaves, shoots and roots of the two clones decreased in varying degrees under 130 mmol·L -1NaCl stress after 21 days. The relative growth of aerial parts of 101-14 was significantly higher than that of 188-08, while the relative growth of roots of 101-14 was lower than that of 188-08. The accumulation and deposit rate of Cl- and Na+in the aerial parts of 101-14 was markedly lower than those of 188-08,while there is no obvious difference in saturation concentration of Cl- and Na+in roots of the two clones.The ratio of K+/Na+ in each organs of the two clones trended to decline apparentlly as the NaCl Stress prolonged, and the decline rate and range of K+/Na+ in 188-08 were significantly lower than those in 101-14. All the above indicates that the salt tolerance mechanism of the grapevine rootstock is salt exclusion. This study provides a theoretical basis for screening excellent salt-tolerant grapevine rootstocks.
  • GUO Rong, GONG Yifu, JIANG Jie, YU Kai, CHEN Haimin, WANG Heyu, YAN Xiaojun
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2455-2461. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2455
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    In order to explore the effects of new seaweed bio-fertilizer on the growth, yield and quality of pitaya, a kind of pitaya named Shuijing, introduced from Taiwan, was sprayed with different concentration of new seaweed bio-fertilizer on the foliage\|spring water as a control. After spraying, the yield of pitaya was measured and the weight, volume, diameter, longitudinal diameter, total soluble solid(TSS), titratable acid(TA), sugar and acid ratio and Vc content were determined. The results showed that the new seaweed bio-fertilizer 1 000 times dilution and 1 500 times dilution could improve the yield and quality of the pitaya. Under the treatment of the 1 000 times dilution, the average weight (309.77 g), volume (390.71 cm3), diameter (11.62 cm) and longitudinal diameter (7.82 cm) of fruit reached to the highest, which were 42.00%, 39.20%, 9.10% and 21.80% higher than that of the control, respectively. At the same time, the content of total soluble solids of pitaya reached to the highest (9.63%), which was 28.90% higher than that of the control (7.47%), sugar and acid ratio (55.56) increased significantly, which was 65.70% higher than that of the control group, and the Vc content (10.71 mg·100 g-1) was increased by 23.30% compared with the control group 7.69 mg·100g-1, but the titratable acid content (0.17%) decreased significantly. When the fertilizer was 1500 times diluted, the fruit number of the pitaya reached 89.60 per pile (four strains), which was 40.00% higher than that of the control. Compared with the control group, the yield of the pitaya was the highest (2 894.88 kg·667 m-2), which increased by 1 345.32 kg·667 m-2. It also improved the growth and quality, such as the average weight (291.07 g), volume (359.00 cm3) and total soluble solids of pitaya (8.90%), which were 33.40%, 27.90% and 19.10% higher than that of the control, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for the large-scale production and application of the new seaweed bio-fertilizer.
  • DOU Mingming, LEI Feiyi, SHI Feng, MA Liuhui, ZHANG Yaqin, YANG Zhengming, CHEN Yu, CHEN Xingfu
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(12): 2462-2470. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.12.2462
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    Different ratios of N, P and K fertilizers were studied to explore the effects of chemical profile in Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn, a field experiment was carried out using four factors and five level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design. Alisol B 23-acetate (Y1) and Alisol A 24-acetate (Y2) were determined by HPLC, medical composition and a mathematical function model of the fertilization rate of zinc (X1), boron (X2), molybdenum (X3) and NPK 26:14:17(X4) was established. The results showed that the mathematical regression model reached significant level. According to the mathematical regression model, when the zinc fertilizer was 17.685~20.272 5 kg·hm-2 with boron fertilizer of 24.890 0~28.034 5 kg·hm-2, molybdenum fertilizer of 0.192 3~0.270 4 kg·hm-2, nitrogen of 309.92~355.94 kg·hm-2,phosphate of 166.88~191.66 kg·hm-2, and potash of 202.64~232.73 kg·hm-2, the concentration of Alisol B 23-acetate was up to 0.11%. Additionally, the concentration of Alisol A 24-acetate was over 0.15% when the zinc fertilizer was 17.820~20.265 kg·hm-2 with the boron fertilizer of 23.826~26.842 kg·hm-2, molybdenum fertilizer of 0.179~0.199 kg·hm-2, nitrogen of 333.970~389.090 kg·hm-2,phosphate of 179.830~209.510 kg·hm-2, and potash of 218.365~268.539 kg·hm-2. This experiment optimizes the fertilization scheme for improving the content of 24- acetyl Alisol A and 23- acetyl Alisol B in Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn. The results were accurate,and provided a theoretical basis for improving the content of medicinal ingredients in Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn.