10 October 2018, Volume 32 Issue 10
    

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    Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
  • CHEN Fangxin, QI Yongxia, DING Ting
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 1873-1879. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.1873
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    To improve the antagonistic ability of Bacillus subtillis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, three strains DDGJ05, DDGJ01 and DDEN01were induced by low energy N+ ion beam implantation technology, and the mutation strains were screened by dual culture test. The mutagenic results revealed that DDGJ05 had positive mutation strains, and there were DGJ05-20-8、DDGJ05-40-8 and DDGJ05-40-10. Dual culture test showed that the inhibitory rates of DGJ05-20-8、DDGJ05-40-8 and DDGJ05-40-10 strains against the mycelial growth of P. sojae were 91.12%, 93.52% and 94.00% respectively,higher than the parental strain DDGJ05. The heredity characters of DDGJ05-40-8 and DDGJ05-40-10 were stable. The effects of the three strains controlling Phytophthora root rot were tested by pot experiment. The results indicated that the soybean seeds treated with these trains could reduce the disease. All above results indicated that the strain DGJ05-20-8、DDGJ05-40-8 and DDGJ05-40-10 could effectively inhibit the mycelial growth of P. sojae and reduce the disease occurrence. The results provided the foundation for the study of ion beam implantation mutation on Bacillus subtilis.
  • WANG Ying, WEI Lingxia, HONG Xiao, HUANG Yingjin, WANG Zhaohai
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 1880-1888. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.1880
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    Magnesium protoporphyrin Ⅸ methyltransferase (ChlM) is one of the key rate-limiting enzymes in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway. It plays an important role in plant development. To study the influence of ChlM on plant photosynthetic characteristics, using the rice chlm mutant and its wild type as material, investigated and analyzed the chlorophyll contents, the chloroplast ultrastructure, the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and the expression of photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) related genes. Results showed that the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were significantly depressed in chlm mutant leaves. In addition, the grana-thylakoid lamellae were abnormal arrangement the chlorophyll fluorescence intensities fell. The fluxes of PSⅡ per excited cross section for absorption, trapped energy, electron transport and dissipated energy were all reduced in the chlm mutant. Both the amount and the capability of active PSⅡ reaction center were declined. And the PSⅡ performance index based on excited cross section were subsequently decreased in the mutant. However, the PSⅡ-related effective photosynthetic machinery, such as oxygen-evolving complex and electron transfer chain were not obviously damaged in chlm mutant. And the quantum yield of energy fluxes was also not affected. Instead, the maximum amplitude of IP phase and the PSⅡ performance index based on light absorption were both elevated in the mutant. Moreover, there was no abnormal expression of PSⅡ-related genes in chlm. These results showed that, although the energy flux of photosynthesis was reduced in chlm mutant leaves, but it PSⅡ machinery was still effective to utilize the absorbed light energy for photosynthesis. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the further application of the chlm mutant.
  • DONG Wenke, LU Xuping, JIANG Hanyu, MA Huiling
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 1889-1897. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.1889
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    In order to provide reference for the constructing mutant library of perennial ryegrass, six ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) concentrations (0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0%) combined with three treatment time (6, 12 and 24 h) were set up for mutagenesis of perennial ryegrass variety Loium perenne CV. Premier, and seed germination, seedling growth and the main drought resistant physiological indexes of variants with drought tolerance were analyzed after mutagenesis. Results showed that the germination rate of seeds treated with 1.6% EMS for 12 h and 0.8% EMS for 24 h was close to 50%. Onsideved other indicators tested, 0.8% EMS treatment for 24 h could be used as an appropriate mutation combination. A total of 15 drought resistance variants were obtained by screening of mutagenized materials under drought-stress conditions, three variants, B9, B10 and B12, showed higher drought resistance based on the comprehensive evaluation with drought resistance indexes including MDA, Pro, soluble sugar content and the activities of antioxidase. The result indicated that EMS mutagenesis can be used to induce drought resistant variants. The results provide supports for EMS mutagenesis and materials for drought-resistant breeding of perennial ryegrass.
  • JIA Wei, LI Chunjuan, YAN Caixia, ZHAO Xiaobo, WANG Juan, KONG Qing, SUN Quanxi, SHAN Shihua
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 1898-1907. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.1898
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    In order to explore NAC transcription function in peanut, we cloned a NAC gene from leaves of J11 peanut, used the real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qRCR) to analyze its expression patterns. This gene was 1 752 bp in length, encoding 583 amino acids with the molecular weight of 64.924 kDa and the pI value of 4.42, subcellular localization prediction has shown that this NAC protein was located in nucleus. Phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that it was closely related to GmNAC53, so we named it AhNAC53. The RT-qPCR results showed that AhNAC53 expressed in different tissues of peanut, with the highest expression in leaves, and different drought stress could induce the significant difference in the expression of this gene. In addition to the relative small changes in gene expression under 10%PEG6000 stress, the relative expression levels of other stress (5%, 15% and 20%PEG6000) were significantly increased with the prolongation of treatment time, and all reached the peak value at 48 h. These results indicated that AhNAC53 might play a significant role in peanut development and its response to drought stress, which laid the molecular basis for further studying its function.

  • Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
  • WANG Wanxu, SHI Ting, GAO Zhihong, NI Zhaojun, CAI Binhua
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 1908-1916. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.1908
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    In order to verify the relationship between PmmiR319a and its predicted target gene PmTCP2, and study the role of PmmiR319a in flower development. The Prunus mume cultivar Daqiandi was used as the experimental material to isolate the PmmTR319a precursor sequence and the predicted target gene PmTCP2, and their expression during the flower bud development were analyzed. The relationship between PmmiR319a and its target gene PmTCP2 was verified with RLM-5'RACE. The results indicated that the PmmiR319a precursor sequence contained stem and loop structure and the sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of PmmiR319a with miR319a of other species showed that the sequences of miR319a precursor were different, and the mature sequences of miR319a were very conservative. The PmTCP2 gene was 1 500 bp in length and encodes a protein of 499 amino acids. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that PmmiR319a was highly expressed in the early stage of flower bud development in Prunus mume, while PmTCP2 was higher in the middle and late stages, and the expression of PmmiR319a was negatively correlated with the expression of the predicted target gene PmTCP2 expression. PmmiR319a guided-cleavage and target site for the putative PmTCP2 mRNA was validated using RLM-5'RACE. The cleavage site was between the 10th and 11th base of its interaction region. These results indicated that PmmiR319a plays a role in flower bud development by regulating the target gene PmTCP2. The results of study provide a theoretical basis for the function of miR319a to the development of Prumes mume
  • SUN Yanming, LI Yihong, CHENG Xi, LI Guohui, SHENG Lingling, JIN Qin, CAI Yongping, LIN Yi
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 1917-1930. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.1917
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    Acyl-CoA dependent acyltransferases also known as BAHD, are responsible for the acylation modification of lignin, anthocyanins, alkaloids and other secondary metabolites. In order to clarify the molecular characteristics and evolutionary laws of the BAHD family in pear, 95 members were identified in the pear genome based on the BAHD family conserved motif, the sequence characteristics, gene structures, conserved motifs, chromosome localization, gene duplication, phylogenetic and expression patterns of them were analyzed in this study. The results showed that all the PbACT protein had the HXXXD or DFGWG domain, mainly located in cytoplasm and chloroplast. Through the analysis of chromosome localization and duplication events, it was found that PbACT distribted chromosomes of pear, and the main type of PbACT gene duplications was segmental duplication. The results of RT-qPCR showed that the expression changes of three genes PbACT3, PbACT6 and PbACT41 were consistent with the contents of stone cells and lignin in fruit, suggesting that they could participate in the lignin biosynthesis and stone cell development. Subcellular localization results confirmed that PbACT3 and PbACT6 were chloroplast localization proteins. The results of this study lay a certain theoretical basis for the regulation of pear lignin metabolism and stone cell content on the molecular level.
  • LU Zengkui, MA Youji, ZHAO Xingxu, ZHANG Yong, ZHANG Liping
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 1931-1938. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.1931
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    In order to clarify STMN1 function and its influence on the growth and development of sheep muscle, this study cloned the gene sequence of sheep STMN1, predicted the physicochemical properties of the gene encoding protein, analyzed its expression in the different tissues and different development stages of longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris muscle of sheep. The results showed the CDS length of sheep STMN1 gene was 450 bp, encoded 149 amino acid, the molecular weight of protein was 17 302.51 D, and the isoelectric point was 5.75. Sheep STMN1 amino acid sequence was move than 90% similar to goat, cattle, pig, mice and human. Phylogenetic tree showed that sheep STMN1 gene had the closest relationship with goat. The highest expression of STMN1 was in testis, followed by heart and spleen, and its expression in liver, lung, kidney, longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris muscle was the lowest. STMN1 expressed in both longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris muscle of sheep in different development stages. In the longissimus dorsi muscle of sheep, STMN1 highly expressed at the age of 24 month, and it also moderately expressed at 0, 2, 5 and 12 months of age. In the biceps femoris muscle of sheep, STMN1 highly expressed at the age of 5 months, and it was moderately expressed at the age of 2 months, and it had a low expression at the age of 0, 12 and 24 months. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for further clarifying the biological function of STMN1 gene in sheep.
  • WANG Jing, XU Xing, MA Dongmei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 1939-1948. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.1939
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    The aim of present study was to identify and evaluate the salt tolerant traits of alfalfa germplasm resources at germination stage. In this paper, 25 alfalfa cultivars were grown on the seed germination medium including 0 (CK), 150, 250 and 350 mmol· L-1 NaCl for continuous stressed treatments, respectively. The salt-tolerance indexes were examined on 25 alfalfa cultivars at the germination stage. The result showed that the relative germination rate of alfalfa seed and germination potential during the period of the third day, seventh day and tenth day were decreased with increasing of NaCl concentration. The salt injury index was elevated with the increased NaCl concentration, whereas the radicle and embryo length were decreased with the extension of germination time. In addition, the weight of radical and embryo was reduced along with the increased NaCl concentration, which led to a decrease in biomass. There was significant extent of variation in salt-tolerant properties of alfalfa between different 25 varieties. Ⅰ was found that the germination energy of ‘WL326GE’ alfalfa was 46.67%, and the relative germination rate was 48.33% with the highest biomass under the 350 mmol·L-1 NaCl treatment. It was suggested that ‘WL326GE’ alfalfa was a highly resistant cultivar with a strong salt-tolerant properties. This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection of salt-tolerant alfalfa varieties suitable for saline-alkali cultivation.
  • FU Tao, YAN Chunfeng, LIN Lejing, WANG Zhilong, LIN Li, YUAN Dongming, XU Liang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 1949-1959. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.1949
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    To provide a theoretical basis for the species classification, protection and new varieties breeding of Chinese Cerasus plants, 30 typical Cerasus species were taken as experimental materials in this study, and the phylogenetic relationship was analyzed in combination of SSR molecular markers and morphological classification. The SSR clustering result showed that the 30 species of Cerasus were divided into three groups (Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ), and subdivided into nine subgroups (Ⅰ、Ⅱa、Ⅱb、Ⅱc、Ⅱd、Ⅱe、Ⅲa、Ⅲb and Ⅲc). Group Ⅰ includes Cerasus japonica, Cerasus glandulosa, Cerasus tomentosa and Cerasus mahaleb, which indicates that Cerasus mahaleb has relatively close genetic relationship with the traditional subgen. Microcerasus such as Cerasus japonica. Group Ⅱ is comprised of five subgroups: Subgroup Ⅱa contains Cerasus cerasoides, Cerasus campanulata var.wuyiensis, Cerasus serrula and Cerasus campanulata; Subgroup Ⅱb includes Cerasus dielsiana, Cerasus dielsiana var.abbreviata, Cerasus pananensis, Cerasus helenae, Cerasus cyclamina, Cerasusschneiderianaand Cerasus maximowiczii; subgroup Ⅱc comprises Cerasus polytricha, Cerasus jingningensis, Cerasus xueluoensis and Cerasus cantabrigiensis; subgroupⅡd contains Cerasus serrulata, Cerasus serrulata var. pubescens and Cerasus jamasakura; subgroupⅡe contains Cerasus conradinae and Cerasus subhirtella var.ascendens; which suggests a close relationship among Sect. Serrula, Sect. Lobopetalum, Sect. Sargentiella and the part of the new Sect. Amygdalocerasus plants. Group Ⅲ is made up of three subgroups: subgroup Ⅲa includes Cerasus discoidea; subgroup Ⅲb contains Cerasus setulosa, Cerasus stipulacea and Cerasus patentipila; Ⅲc contains Cerasus scopulorum and Cerasus tatsienensis, which shows that Sect. Ceraseidos, Sect. Phyllocerasus and Sect. Phyllomahaleb are close related. Overall, SSR clustering results were roughly consistent with morphological classification, but there were also some conflicts in a few species between molecular data and morphological classification. In addition, the molecular results in combination with morphology suggest that Cerasus polytricha should belong to the Sect. Spiraeopsis of Subgen. Microcerasus rather than original Sect. Phyllocerasus of Subgen. Cerasus, and Cerasus polytricha, Cerasus xueluoensis and Cerasus jingningensis were not clustered into Subgroup Microcerasus. Therefore, it remains to be discussed to distinguish Subgen. Cerasus and Subgen. Microcerasus with single bud or three buds. The results of this study provide important reference value for further study on classification, conservation and utilization of species resources, selection of hybrid parents and grafting propagation of Cerasus in China.
  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
  • GAO Jie, GAO Xiang, WEI Yuxi, ZHANG Xuemei, JIAO Kui, WANG Jinmei, LI Yujin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 1960-1968. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.1960
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    In order to acquire Bacillus natto which can produce bioactive peptides with anti-hypertension effects by fermenting scallop skirts. Content of peptides produced and the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition rate were analyzed, 7 strains of Bacillus natto with high proteinase activity were screened out from 7 different natto products. The results showed that the peptides content in the fermentation products of scallop by strain BN-30 reached 221 mg·g-1(dry products) and the ACE inhibitory rate was 77.11%. The result of 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed the strain BN-30 was identified to be Natto subspecies of Bacillus subtilis.The study provided novel insights and theoretical basis for prepareing ACE inhibitory peptides from marine shellfish fermented with Bacillus natto.
  • LIU Jing, CHENG Lu, ZHANG Ruijie, HOU Rui, HAN Yuanhuai, ZHANG Bin, LI Hongying
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 1969-1976. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.1969
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    To investigate the fading mechanism and relationship between lipoxygenase(LOX) activity and storage stability of foxtail millet. The fast-fading (Gufeng 2 and Gonggu 63) and slow-fading (Daqingju and Hong miao niu tougou) varieties were selected. Four foxtail millet varieties were aged artificially, and the changes of LOX activity and color, carotenoid and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were analyzed. The extraction mixture of carotenoid were further measured by HPLC to compare the difference of lutein, zeaxanthin and β-carotene. These physiological indicators were subsequently used for correlation analysis. The results showed that after artificial ageing, the LOX activity, the color of foxtail millet and carotenoid content of the four cultivars were decreased, and the content of MDA was increased. However,compared with high LOX activities cultivates (Gufeng 2 and Gonggu 63), low LOX activities cultivates (Daqingju and Hongmiao niutougou) were tested at good storage stability, and their carotenoid content decreased and MDA content rose at a slower rates. HPLC analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the decrease of lutein and zeaxanthin in four foxtail millet varieties, but there were significant difference in β-carotene content among the four foxtail millet varieties. The correlation analysis showed that LOX activity was negatively correlated with β-carotene, which indicated that LOX coupling with β-carotene, resulted in the reduction of carotenoid in foxtail millet. This study provides a theoretical basis for foxtail millet breeding with increasied stability.
  • SONG Jiamin, WANG Hongfei, LUO Jie, SHAN Kekai, LI Yanxia, HAN Airu, XU Feng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 1977-1983. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.1977
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    To investigate the modulating effect of Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides on the immunologic function of Mice. Seventy mice were randomly divided into seven groups, except for the normal group, the other groups were injected with cyclophosphamide(CTX) and immunosuppressed mouse models were established. The mice of high-dose, mid-dose group and low dose were lavage treatment with polysaccharides of Cordyceps cicadae for 30 days. The normal group and CXT model groups were gavaged with the equal volume physiological saline intraperitoneally, and the pachymaran group and levamisole hydrochloride group were given the equal volume pachymaran solution and levamisole hydrochloride solution solution, respectively. The weight, spleen index, thymus index, the level of IFN-γ, IL-2, IgG, haemolysin and other biochemical indicators were measured, respectively. The results showed that mid-dose group and high-dose group significantly (P<0.05) improved spleen index, thymus index and haemolysin when compared to CTX model group. All of the dose groups significantly delayed hypersensitivity (P<0.05), and improved the content of IFN-γ, IL-2, IgG (P<0.05). These results illustrated that polysaccharides of Cordyceps cicadae can regulate the immunologic function of mice. This study provides a new reference for further study on immune mechanism of polysaccharides of Cordyceps cicadae, which prmotes the research on the health efficacy of Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides.
  • TIAN Yuxiao, HUANG Yuting, ZHANG Fen, TANG Haoru, SUN Bo
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 1984-1991. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.1984
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    In order to understand the nutritional values of red petiole leaf beet (Beta vulgaris var. cicla), the chroma, nutrient components, and antioxidant capacities among four parts of two types of red petiole leaf beet with red leaves and green leaves, respectively, including eight varieties were investigated in the present study. Significant differences were found among different types, varieties, and parts. The values of L* and b*, the content of total phenolics, and antioxidant capacities were significantly higher in the green leaf beet than the red leaf beet. However, green leaf beet had lower a* value, soluble sugar and anthocyanins compared to red leaf beet. As for different parts, tender petiole had the highest L* value, while young leaves had the highest a* value. The contents of soluble protein, chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins, total phenolics, and antioxidant capacities were higher in leaves than in petiole; whereas soluble sugar showed an opposite trend. In addition, the contents of anthocyanins, total phenol, and antioxidant capacities were higher in old parts than in young parts. On the contrary, young parts contained more soluble protein than old parts. Besides, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, and soluble sugar exhibited different trends in different parts or types. Principal component analysis showed that the variations were mainly from the factor of parts, followed by types. The correlation analysis indicated that total phenolics might have a major contribution to antioxidant capacities in red petiole leaf beet. The results of this study provided a useful reference for daily dietary choice and laid a theoretical basis for red petiole leaf beet breeding.
  • ZHANG Nan, XIE Yu, TANG Xiaoxue, HOU Mengjun, ZHOU Di, LUO Huaibo, DUAN Huiguo
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 1992-2001. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.1992
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    To explore the nutrition value of cauliflower-shaped mushroom (CFM) and coral-shaped mushroom (CM) from Hericium erinaceus, the contents of elements on the nutritional labe, amino acids, mineral elements, polysaccharide, total phenols and vitamins from three varieties were analyzed, and compared with the normal-shaped H. erinaceus (as the control group). The results showed that the content of protein and 17-kinds of amino acids in CFM and CM were significantly higher than that of the control group. The composition and content ofamino acid of CFM and CM were in accordance with the ideal protein pattern recommended by FAO/WHO, suggesting CFM and CM are a good source of protein. The unsaturated fatty acid content of CFM and CM were 14 346.41~14 871.50 mg·kg-1 and 13 889.82~14 334.12 mg·kg-1, respectively, which was higher than that of the control group. Two new kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acid were found in CFM and CM, which were cis-8, 11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid and cis-11, 14, 17-eicosatrienoic acid. Both CFM and CM were rich in minerals, such as K, P and Mg. Though the content of P, Mg, Zn, Fe and Mn in CFM and CM was lower than that of the control group, the ratio of Zn/Fe and Zn/Cu was move reasonable. In contrast to control group, the content of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3 and total phenols in CFM and CM declined but remained at about 70%. Moreover, the content of energy, fat, ash and polysaccharide in CFM and CM were comparable to those of the control group, thus no significant differences were observed between the experimental groups and the control group. In conclusion, the CFM and CM have a higher nutritive value than the control group, which might facilitate the deep processing and comprehensive utilization of CFM and CM.
  • WU Jianfu, CHENG Anwei, SUN Jinyue, ZHU Xia
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 2002-2011. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.2002
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    To develop high-quality pectin resources, petin from Abelmoschus esculentus L. and Hihiscus coccineus(Medicus) Walt pods were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted. The effects of the single factors (acid kinds, solid-to-solvent ratio, solvent pH, extraction temperature, ultrasonic time and ultrasonic power) on the yield of pectin were studied. Response surface experiment was designed using Box-Benhnken design to identity the optimal extraction process of pectin. The physicochemical properties of extracted pectin were compared and analyzed. The optimized extraction conditions of pectin from Abelmoschus esculentus L. were as follows: extraction solvent is hydrochloric acid, pH value 2.0, extraction temperature 70℃, solid-to-solvent ratio 1∶40 g·mL-1, ultrasonic time 41 min, ultrasonic power 350 W, and the highest pectin extraction rate is 15.87%. The optimized extraction conditions of pectin from Hihibiscus coccineus (Medicus) Walt were as follows: extraction solvent is hydrochloric acid, pH value 2.0, extraction temperature 70℃, solid-to-solvent ratio 1∶36 g·mL-1, ultrasonic time 42 min, ultrasonic power 350 W, and the highest pectin extraction rate is 15.03%. The results from physicochemical analyses and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) showed that the Abelmoschus esculentus L. pectin and pectin are better than the national standard. 78.72% and 72.92% of the content of galacturonic acid, 66.95% and 68.68% of esterification degree were detected in the pectins from Abelmoschus esculentus L. and Hihibiscus coccineus (Medicus) Walt, respectively. Both pectins were high methoxyl pectin and the gel texture characteristics had been significantly improved after adding two kinds of pectin. This study provides support for the development and utilization of new pectin resources.
  • GUO Jianjun, SANG Liya, WANG Zhenguo, CHEN Xiaoxiao, JIN Renyao
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 2012-2018. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.2012
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    In order to study the effect of heterocyclic bifunctional chelators on the preparation of heavy metal copper artifical antigen. Using 2-S-(4- aminobenzene)-1,4,7 nitrogen heterocyclic nonane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (P-NH2-Bn-NOTA or NOTA) as a bifunctional chelator, the heavy metal copper ions were conjugated with vector proteins BSA and OVA respectively to prepare immunogen and pactin, and the rabbit polyclonal antibodies were prepared by synthesis of immunogenic preparation, establishing indirect competition ELISA (ic-ELISA).The results showed that the established linear regression equation of ic-ELISA was y=7.8632Ln(x)+9.6765 (R2=0.9934), and the values of IC50 and IC20 were 168.70 and 3.72 ng·ml-1, respectively.The cross-reaction test results showed that except the cross-reaction rate with zinc reached 16%, the cross-reaction rate between the antibody and other heavy metals iron, lead and cadmium was less than 5.6%. In this study, heavy metal copper antigen was synthesized successfully and rabbit polyclonal antibody was prepared, which laid a thororetical foundation for the application to the rapid detection of heavy metal by heterocyclic bifunctional chelators.
  • Isotope Tracer Technique·Ecology & Environment·Physiology
  • CHENG Chen, ZENG Yongjun, LYU Weisheng, TAN Xueming, SHANG Qingyin, ZENG Yanhua, SHI Qinghua
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 2019-2030. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.2019
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    In order to explore whether the japonica rice high yield and quality can be achieved synchronously by regulating sowing date during the late rice in southern China, the indica rice variety of Huanghuazhan was taken as the control, and 3 varieties of different japonica rice (‘changyou 5’, ‘yongyou 1538’ and ‘jingnongxiangjing 1267’) were used as materials to study the effect of different sowing dates on rice yield and quality of high quality japonica rice in south China. The results showed that the yield of indica rice was decreased up to 4.5%~19.2%, meanwhile, the japonica rice increased at first, and then decreased (2.1%~15.9%) with the delay of sowing date. The correlation analysis indicated that the correlation coefficient of indica yield with spikelet number per panicle and seed setting rate were 0.91 and 0.97, respectively. The correlation coefficient of japonica yield with spikelet number per panicle was 0.88~0.99, which was one of the main reasons for the decline of japonica rice yield. Similarities and differences of main quality traits of indica and japonica rice with different sowing dates, the processing quality, appearance quality and cooking and eating quality of indica and japonica rice had the same effect with the delay of sowing date, but the trend of changes was inconsistent. The quality of appearance became better, the quality of cooking and eating got worse, while the quality of processing was basically changed from good to bad. The nutritional quality of indica and japonica rice had different effect, and the quality of indica rice became better after first deterioration, and the nutrition of japonica rice was superior. The peak viscosity, hot viscosity, cool viscosity and breakdown of indica and japonica rice decreased with the delay of sowing date, while the setback and consistence increased. In conclusion, timely and early sowing of indica rice is beneficial to achieve the high quality and yield, while early sowing or late sowing of japonica rice is not conducive to high-quality japonica rice production, and the specific suitable sowing date varies with japonica rice variety characteristics. It was speculated that the suitable sowing date of late japonica rice in southern China would be postponed. The study could provide theoretical basis for reasonable sowing date of increasing yield and improving quality for late japonica rice in double rice-cropping systems of southern China.
  • WEI Shiyu, WEI Xingyun, LIU Yuan, LI Mengfei, CHENG Hongbo, CHANG Lei, CHAI Shouxi, YANG Delong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 2031-2042. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.2031
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    In order to well-understand the spatiotemporal physiological characteristics and genetic variations on sucrose accumulation and remobilization regulated by drought at the post-anthesis, a natural population composed of 196 winter wheat varieties (lines) from different geographic origin was used as materials to determine the phenotypes of different organs of the sucrose content and its accumulation, remobilization and contribution rate to grain at the different development period, and the correlation, phenotypic variation and cluster analysis were performed under the drought stress (DS) and well-watered (WW) conditions. The results showed that all traits had higher variation coefficients (DS:13.57%~80.60% and WW:20.90%~72.55%) and phenotype diversity indices (DS:0.42~0.89 and WW:0.45~0.87), but lower heritability (DS:0.31~0.64 and WW:0.29~0.65). The factors such as water, growth stage and organ played predominant roles in affecting the phenotypic variations. Drought stress significantly promoted the sucrose accumulation and remobilization to grain of different organs. Sucrose contents at mid-grain filling stage (4.73~60.20 mg·g-1) was significantly higher than those at flowering (3.67~34.33 mg·g-1) and mature stage(2.18~16.02 mg·g-1); All of phenotypic values of peduncle and the penultimate internodes seemed remarkably higher than those of other organs. Sucrose remobilization rates (DS:42.5%~65.98% and WW:39.60%~53.72%) and contribution rates (DS:0.39%~3.50% and WW:0.25%~2.79%) at the pre-anthesis were significantly higher than Sucrose remobilization rates (DS:35.97%~58.21% and WW:33.94%~49.64%) and contribution rates(DS:0.20%~2.51% and WW:0.18%~1.30%) at the post-anthesis. There were significantly positive correlations between sucrose contents at flowering and mid-grain filling stage and its remobilization rate and contribution rate to grain filling(r=0.12~0.81 and r=0.27~0.71, P<0.05). Based on the characters associated with sucrose accumulation and remobilization of peduncle and penultimate internodes, the population was clustered into four categories, and eleven varieties (lines) with higher phenotypic values were selected under two water conditions. The results of this research provided a theoretical foundation for exploiting elite germplasms and genetic improvement in drought tolerance in wheat.
  • JIANG Peng, XIONG Hong, ZHANG Lin, GUO Xiaoyi, ZHU Yongchuan, LIU Mao, CHEN Lin, XU Fuxian
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 2043-2053. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.2043
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    To clarify the effects of different nitrogen regulation on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of super rice under the condition of direct seeding, a field experiment with ordinary inbred and hybrid, and super inbred and hybrid rice cultivars was conducted in Deyang City, Sichuan Province in 2016. Three different nitrogen (N) treatments and a control were set in this study including non-N treatment (N0), farmers' fertilizer practice (N1, for N1 treatment, four concentrations of 60, 60, 60, and 45 kg·hm-2 were applied at basal, three-leaf seedling stage, mid-tillering and panicle initiation, respectively), and site-specific N management (N2 and N3, for N2 treatment, 30, 60, 45, 30, and 15 kg·hm-2 were applied at basal, three-leaf seedling stage, mid-tillering, panicle initiation and heading, respectively; for N3 treatment, 30, 60, 45, and 15 kg·hm-2 were applied seedling stage (three leaves), mid-tillering, panicle initiation and heading, respectively). The grain yield, yield components, N uptake, N distribution and N use efficiency were measured in this study. The results show that grain yield was significantly affected by cultivars. Compared with ordinary hybrid and inbred rice, the yield of super hybrid rice increased by 12.2% and 8.9%, respectively, while that of super inbred rice increased by 3.2% and 0.3% respectively. Reduced nitrogen application rate with site-specific N regulation could increase grain yield of direct seeding super rice. N2 and N3 treatments were 20.0%-33.3% less nitrogen than N1 and the yield increased by 0.2%.0.7%. The yield-increasing superiority was mainly grain number per spike, seed setting rate and harvest index. The N2 treatment has slightly higher grain yield than N3 treatment. The yield gaps between N2 and N3 treatments were attributed to the differences in panicles per m2 and biomass production. Compared with the N1 treatment, the N2 and N3 treatments had lower total N uptake and distribution percentage in straw, but higher N distribution percentage in filling grain. Compared with N1 treatment, the average nitrogen use efficiency (AEN), partial factor productivity of applied N (PFPN) and recovery efficiency of applied N (REN) of N2 increased by 28.9%, 25.8% and 7.0% on average, and the average N3 treatment increased by 50.8 %, 50.2%, and 13.6%, respectively. Therefore, reduced basal and three leaves N fertilizer application with site-specific N regulation as one of alternative approaches to synchronously increase the grain yield and N use efficiency in direct seeding system in Chengdu plain. The study provides a theoretical reference for optimum nitrogen regulation in super rice production under direct seeding.
  • WANG Le, KANG Jianhong, LANG Yi, FENG Pengbo, XU Can
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 2054-2061. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.2054
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    In this research, the cultivar ‘Xianyu698’ was applied as research material to explore the response of maize (Zea mays L.) grain filling characteristics and yield to controlled release urea at the mountainous area of southern Ningxia. A field experiment was designed with four treatments: T1, applying U as basal fertilizer by N 150 kg·hm-2 + U topdressing at V10 by N 75 kg·hm-2; T2, CRU as basal N 75 kg·hm-2 + U as basal N 75 kg·hm-2 + U topdressing at V10 by N 75 kg·hm-2; T3, CRU as basal N 150 kg·hm-2 + U as basal N 75 kg·hm-2; T4, CRU as basal N 225 kg·hm-2, and an unfertilized control (CK). The results showed that CRU could maintain a high leaf area index (LAI) and SPAD level, and delay senescence in the late growth stage. Rational application of CRU incorporated with U could led to increase in the maximum grain-filling rate (Gmax), the weight of growth at the time of maximum grain-filling rate (Wmax) and the grain filling duration (T) compared with single application of conventional urea. Compared with CK, the maximum grain-filling rate of maize kernels in the nitrogen application area increased by 0.67% (T1),7.39% (T2),5.06% (T3),and 7.38% (T4), respectively. The application of CRU and U could significantly increase the number of maize kernels reduce the bald tip rate, and increase maize yield in different degrees. Under different conditions of application, the yield of T2 treatment is 12.11 t·hm-2 and higher than other treatments. Compared with CK treatment, the yield of four nitrogen treatments increased 12.43%, 25.75%, 19.03% and 17.22%, respectively. Therefore, reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer (T2) will be more beneficial to put off plant senescence and optimize grain filling process. This research has the important significance for lighting simplification of maize cultivation and efficiently utilizing nitrogen in mountainous areas of southern Ningxia.
  • SUI Feng, LIAO Ping, HUANG Shan, ZENG Yongjun, SHI Qinghua
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 2062-2068. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.2062
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    The objective of this study was to examine effect of biochar amendment on yield, soil properties and nitrogen (N) uptake in a double rice-cropping system. An inbred rice variety ‘Zhongjiazao 17’ and a hybrid rice variety ‘Wuyou 308’ were selected as the early- and late-rice varieties, respectively. The present study comprised two treatments, biochar amendment at a rate of 20 t·hm-2, andno biochar amendment as control. Results showed that the number of panicles and spikelets per panicle were significantly decreased by biochar amendment in both early- and late-rice seasons in 2015, whereas no significant effect was found in grain yield. Biochar amendment significantly increased grain yield by 15.1% and 13.5% in early- and late-rice seasons in 2016, respectively. Biochar amendment improved the number of spikelets per panicle for early rice in 2016, whereas no significant effect was found for late rice. Biochar amendment significantly reduced the N uptake of both early and late rice at maturity in 2015, but had no significant effect in 2016. Biochar amendment significantly increased the concentration of soil organic matter and available K and promoted the activity of soil invertase by 41.8%, 90.7%, and 14.3%, whereas no significant effect were found in the activity of soil urease, cellulase, and proteinase after the two-year experiment. Therefore, we suggest that the effect of biochar amendment on rice growth may depend on the duration of the experiment. The above findings provide effective practices for mitigating soil acidification and improving soil fertility in the acid paddy soil of southern China
  • ZHAO Di, WANG Zhenhua, LI Wenhao, ZHANG Jinzhu, LYU Desheng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(10): 2069-2079. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.10.2069
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    To investigate the effect of alternate root-zone irrigation on the root characteristics and yield of processing tomato under drip irrigation in arid regions of Xinjiang, pot experiments were carried out on three irrigation methods(APRI,FPRI and CDI)with three irrigation quotas(conventional irrigation level of 5 850 m3·hm-2,moderate water deficit of 4 500 m3·hm-2 and severe water deficit of 3 150 m3·hm-2, the irrigation quota of APRI and FPRI are two thirds as CDI) coupled with drip irrigation. The results showed that the root system of processing tomato was mainly distributed in the range of 0-20 cm soil layer, and the effect of alternate partial root-zone irrigation was mainly reflected in the superficial roots of processing tomato with a diameter of ≤2 mm. The root quality, root length, root surface area, root volume and average diameter of processing tomato were significantly affected by the interaction of irrigation method and irrigation level, and had a significant positive linear correlation with the yield, which increased irrigation volume and was beneficial to root growth. Alternative partial root-zone irrigation significantly increased the characteristic values of root system, reached the maximum at the conventional irrigation level, and the highest yield was 18.84% higher than that of conventional irrigation. Alternative partial root-zone irrigation also increased the uptake of N, P and K nutrients in roots, and showed significant differences with other treatments. The alternate partial root-zone irrigation also increased the absorption of N, P and K nutrients in the root system and the highest root activity in the moderately depleted water, which was significantly higher than that of conventional irrigation and fixed irrigation treatments 6.12% and 11.60%, respectively. Alternate partial root-zone irrigation can not only effectively stimulate the compensation effect of restoring root growth in the water supply area, but also promote root absorption nutrients, root growth and production. This study provided a theoretical basis for the high yield and efficient planting mode of the local processing tomato