10 September 2018, Volume 32 Issue 9
    

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  • HE Ling, ZHANG Yingting, WANG Lianggui, SHI Tingting, YUE Yuanzheng, YANG Xiulian
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1665-1676. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1665
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    In order to explore the effect of 60Co-γ ray radiation on Clerodendrum trichotomum, one-year-old Clerodendrum trichotomum rooting seedlings under different doses of 60Co-γ ray (0, 15, 25, 35, 45 Gy) were used to testify the impacts on growth and physiological indexes. The results showed that the increase of irradiation dose could aggravate the injury on shoots and leaves of Clerodendrum trichotomum root-turion seedlings, and the injury rate was positively correlated with radiation dose. Under low radiation dose, there was no significant difference in the net increment height and the new shoot diameter from the control group. With the increase of irradiation dose, the inhibitory effect gradually increased. The LD50 of the tiller root-turion seedlings was 41.07 Gy. The root activity generally increased with the increase of radiation dose. The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll increased first and then decreased with the increase of irradiation dose. Along with the process of the growth, the promotion effect of low dose was declined. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo gradually decreased with the increase of irradiation dose, which was significantly lower than that of the control group at 45 Gy. With the increase of irradiation dose, the soluble sugar content increased first and then decreased, which was higher than that in the control group. Under 35 Gy, there were high damage rates and rich damage types with the inhibited growth inhibited, but the vitality could be maintained by increasing the soluble sugar content and the root activity, indicating that the 35 Gy was the suitable dose for radiation breeding in Clerodendrum trichotomum. The results provided a scientific basis for radiation breeding in Clerodendrum trichotomum.

  • DONG Chao, YIN Jing, KONG Xiangqiang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1677-1683. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1677
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    In order to study the irradiation effects of 60Co-γ rays on different cotton varieties and screen drought-tolerant mutants. Three different cotton varieties (Lu Mian 532, K638 and K836) were irradiated by 250 Gy of 60Co-γ rays. Results showed that 60Co-γ rays irradiation significantly decreased the germination rate, germination potentiality and emergence rate of the three cotton varieties. Compared to non-irradiation the germination rate, germination potentiality and emergence rate of K836 were decreased by 38.9, 45.9 and 48.5%, respectively, and those decreased were greater than in Lu Mian 532 and K638. 60Co-γ rays irradiation significantly decreased the photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and chlorophyll content (Chl), cotton growth and seed cotton yield of K836, but 60Co-γ rays irradiation did not affect Lu Mian 532 and K638. Many plants with morphogenesis changes were found in the M1 generation population of K836, but few was found in the M1 generation populations of Lu Mian 532 and K638, suggested that 250 Gy of 60Co-γ rays was an appropriate dose for K836 to induce mutant, but the appropriate dose for Lu Mian 532 and K638 should be moderately raised. The M2 and M3 seeds of medium mature variety K836 were sowed in automated rain-shelter in Linqing and field in Dunhuang, respectively, for screening drought tolerant mutants. And screened 3 drought tolerant mutants, which established a theoretical foundation in breeding drought tolerant cotton varieties by 60Co-γ rays irradiation.

  • Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
  • LI Xiaomei, ZHANG Danyan, QIAO Jiakai, GUO Jiangfeng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1684-1691. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1684
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    In order to investigate the UV radiation damage effect on RecO and RecR from Kineococcus radiotolerans, the recO and recR genes were amplified by PCR and inserted into vector pGEX-2T, constructing pGEX-2T-recO and pGEX-2T-recR, then recombinant plasmids were transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) and the recombinant protein was expressed by inducting with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The expression products were identified by Western Blot. The survival rate of E. coli BL21(DE3), emptines and engineering bacteria after irradiating of UVC was measured. The expression of recR and recO from K.radiotolerans and related genes in RecFOR pathway (recF, recO, recR, recA, recG, ruvA, ruvB, ruvC, ssb) in E.coli BL21(DE3) were determined by qRT-PCR. The results showed that RecO and RecR fusion protein were successful inducible expression in E. coli BL21(DE3). When dose of UV radiation was more than 8 J·m-2, the engineering bacterium imported with pGEX-2T-recO and pGEX-2T-recR started to show obvious repairing ability, and the survival rate was above the two groups of control, indicating RecO and RecR from K.radiotolerans could enhance UV resistance of E.coli BL21(DE3). Transformation of recO from K.radiotolerans increased the expression of genes related to RecFOR in E.coli BL21(DE3). In contrast, transformation of recR from K.radiotolerans had no significant influence on expression of genes related to RecFOR in E.coli BL21(DE3). The results indicated that recO and recR from K.radiotolerans increased the UV-resistance of E.coli BL21 (DE3) through different regulatory pathways. This research results provid a scientific basis for study of radiation-resistant mechanism of K.radiotolerans.
  • LIANG Minhua, YANG Zhenfeng, SU Xinguo, SONG Chunbo
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1692-1700. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1692
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    Full-length cDNAs of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (PpFPPS) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (PpGGPPS) were isolated from peach fruit using degenerate RT-PCR and RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends)methods, and their biological information and expression were also analyzed. PpFPPS was 1 501 bp in full length and encoded a predicted protein of 342 amino acids, open reading frame (ORF) length was 1 029 bp. The full length of PpGGPPS was 1 547 bp with a 1 113 bp ORF, which encoded a deduced polypeptide of 370 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PpFPPS was similar to FPPS in apple fruit and pear fruit, while PpGGPPS exhibited identity to the GGPPS of Hevea brasiliensis. Deduced amino acid sequence demonstrated thatboth PpFPPS and PpGGPPS proteins contained five conserved domains and two specific Aspartic acid enrichment regions (FARM and SARM), which belonged to the trans-isopentyl transferase family. The quantitative real-time PCR showed that expressionlevel of PpFPPS and PpGGPPS in exocarp and mesocarp were increased at the early stage then decreased with the maturity of peach fruit, and reached the maximum at fruit enlarging and maturing period. After fruit enlarging period, the significantly higher level of PpFPPS and PpGGPPS transcripts in fruit exocarpwas observed as compared to mesocarp, which may be the major reason that the carotenoid content in fruit exocarp showed higher than in mesocarp. The result lay the foundation for further research of Carotenoid biosynthetic pathway.
  • WANG Jianhui, LIU Jianjun, CHEN Keling, LI Hongwen, HE Jian, GUAN Bin, HE Li, WANG Dong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1701-1707. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1701
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    To verify that the transcient expression of vivus gene from Grapevine virus A in model plant affect the virus replication and inducible symptom in the host. A grapevine vine (Vitis vinifera L.×Vitis labrusca L.) was co-infection with different Grapevine virus A (GVA) variants. Partial sequence of the virus coat protein gene was cloned from one variant, the coat protein with hairpin structure was inserted into the downstream of 35S promoter in pBI121. The overexpression plasmid was then transformed into agrobacterium EHA105. After 5 days of agrobacterium infiltration on Nicotiana benthamiana using EHA105 culture, plants were inoculated by in vitro transcripts from a GVA infectious clone, the plants only inoculated by virus without agro-infiltration application were used as control. After 30 days of virus inoculations, yellowish symptoms were observed in control group, while only slight symptoms appeared in the treated group by transcient expression of virus gene and with relative lower accumulations of GVA.
  • LIN Hui, XUE Zhuzheng, LI Yongping, LI Dazhong, LIU Jianting, ZHU Haisheng, WEN Qingfang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1708-1720. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1708
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    In order to explore the genetic basis for the colour of cauliflower curd stalk formation,the green stalk and the white stalk were sequenced by IlluminaHiSeq 4000 platform,a total of 52 253 822 readings were generated.And 66 450 unigenes with 1 285 bp length of N50, were obtained by denovo assembly method, the average unigenes length was 717.40 bp. Annotation analysis of unigene indicated that 45 390 unigenes had homologes in public protein database;However,21 060 sequences had no hits and might be specific in Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L. specific. All DEGS were annotated by different databases. By GO database, the 2 540 DEGS were divided into 3 categories containing 54 function groups;by COG databases, 753 DEGS were grouped into 24 functional categories;By KEGG database, 946 DEGS were divided into 119 metabolism pathways,among which 6 DEGS which were involved in Carotenoid biosynthesis pathway,9 DEGS may take part in Flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and 1 DEGS may take part in chlorophyll metabolism pathway and vesponsible for the colour formation. 16 DEGS were verified by qRT?PCR, and showed consistent with the results of RNA?Seq sequencing. These findings provide a scientific basis for further revealing the mechanism of the colour in cauliflower stalk and lay a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement on cauliflower.
  • OU Qiaoming, CUI Wenjuan, YE Chunlei, LI Jinjing, CHEN Jun, LI Zhongwang, WANG Wei, LUO Junjie
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1721-1739. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1721
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    In order to screen excellent Perilla frutescens germplasms, breeding parent and improve the breeding efficiency. Morphological identification, variation analysis and multivariate statistical analysis including principal components analysis and cluster analysis were carried out with 159 oil Perilla frutescens germplasms based on 11 main agronomic traits and five vital quality traits. The results showed the variations of main agronomic and quality traits ranged from 2.60% to 35.42%, which indicated that the tested materials were rich in genetic diversity and had good application prospect in the future. The principal components analysis showed that the six PCs, which could be regard as PBN factor (primary branch number per plant, 40.943%), α-LA factor (α-linolenic acid content, 21.549%), OA factor (oleic acid content, 12.332%), GP factor (growth period, 5.810%), SW factor (1000-seeds weight, 4.486%), Y factor (yield, 4.243%), accounted for 89.36% of the total variation among the germplasms. The six PCs could represent the primary information of the examined main agronomic and quality traits. Through cluster analysis, all germplasms were classified into five groups. The cluster results showed obvious specificity of different agronomic and quality traits indexes among the five groups. The study also confirmed the classification standard of main agronomic and quality traits. The variation pattern of yield and α-linolenic acid content was revealed in different types of Perilla frutescens germplasms with different leaf color and seed color. Many excellent oil Perilla frutescens germplams iwth high yield and significant specificity had be screened and evaluated in the study. The study provides a theoretical basis to breeding and applying of genetic resources.
  • ZHAO Shujing, JING Yifeng, LIU Qingqing, WANG Cuiling
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1740-1749. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1740
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    Photoperiod is one of the key environmental factors that regulate the process of flowering, in which plants change from vegetative to reproductive growth.In the photoperiod pathway of higher plants, the circadian clock is on the key position, and plays a crucial role in regulating flowering. It disposes input signal in an oscillating mode, and then transmits to the downstream genes, while maintaining its own rhythm, so as to regulate flowering. As the important part in the central clock oscillator, pseudo-response regulators (PRRs) play a main role in regulating the expression of downstream genes, are involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm. In this paper, we reviewed the architectural feature, expression pattern, regulation relationships among members and their role of the PRR family in the photoperiod regulation network, which provide a valuable reference for further study on the molecular function and interaction of the gene family.
  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
  • LI Xia, YANG Fangwei, WANG Hang, SUN Zhen, ZHANG Chunhui
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1750-1756. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1750
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    In order to investigate feasibility and technical conditions of using low voltage electrostatic field(LVEF) assisted meat freezing and thawing operation, this paper studied the influence of LVEF at different distances on the stability of the secondary structure of beef myofibrillar protein (MP). The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) technique and automatic deconvolution, curve fitting and other calculation and analysis methods were used to analyze the changes of infrared spectra and secondary structures of fresh beef, common freezing-thawing beef and freezing-thawing beef by LVEF at different distance(15,30,45,60 cm). ATR-FTIR results showed that the content of α-helix in MP was 41.87%, which was significantly higher than that in normal frozen group (P <0.05). The relative content of randon coil, β-tum, β-sheet and α-helix were the closest to the fresh group. In addition, the content of randen coil in the frozen group was 26.87%, and the relative content of the protein was 12.82% in the LVEF30F group, which was significantly lower than that in the normal frozen group (P <0.05). LVEF at 30 cm is the most favorable for maintaining the stability of the beef MP in a small freezer. This study provides a reference for the novel and innovative meat freezing and thawing technology preliminarily.
  • FENG Xiaoyun, WANG Mian, WENG Yan, YANG Runqiang, WANG Pei, GU Zhenxin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1757-1765. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1757
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    In order to optimize the accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in germinated soybean under NaCl-CaCl2 treatment, the appropriate application way of NaCl was investigated firstly to obtain GABA-riched soybean sprouts, and then the optimization of NaCl and CaCl2 concentration for accumulating GABA was carried out. The results showed that NaCl application way had a significant effect on GABA accumulation in 2 d-germinated soybean compared with water treatment. Single factor experiment showed that , GABA was accumulated significantly in germinated soybean with 60 mmol·L-1 NaCl and 0.2 mmol·L-1 CaCl2. GABA content in germinated soybean was up to 4.09 mg/g DW when NaCl 52.62 mmol·L-1 with 0.35 mmol·L-1 of CaCl2 was applied. In conclusion, the appropriate application of NaCl and CaCl2 had significant effects on the accumulation of GABA in germinated soybean. This study could provide data support for the production of soybean sprouts rich in GABA.
  • LI Qingming, SHU Qingqing, XIA Lei, GUO Shiyin, SU Xiaojun, XIONG Xingyao, WANG Feng, WEI Benhui
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1766-1771. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1766
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    In order to broaden the application of yam flour, the effects of different formulation of mixed yam and wheat flour on the rheological characteristics of its doughs were investigated. In addition, the effect of yam flour on the yam flour-based biscuit was also studied. Results indicated that the rheological characteristic of doughs was significantly affected by the addition of yam flour. With the addition of yam flour the forming time, water absorption rate and degree of softening of the dough increased. While stable time and farinograph quality number declined. With the ratio of yam flour to wheat flour increased P value increased at the beginning. And then it decreased. While P/L values decreased, Dough stickiness and adhesion ability increased. Sensory evaluation of the crisp biscuit decreased firstly, and then increased. The optimal formulation of mixed yam and wheat flour was yam: wheat flour (2:8). With this formulation, the crisp biscuit exhibited excellent sensory quality. This study can provide some theoretical basis for the processing of yam flours.
  • SUN Meng, WANG Hongfei, LI Yanxia, WANG Kaikai, SONG Jiamin, XU Feng, SHAO Xingfeng, LI Hesheng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1772-1780. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1772
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    In order to explore the availability of total flavonoids from leares of Moringa oleifera, Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions of total flavonoids from leaves of Moringa oleifera and the antioxidant activities of total flavonoids. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: enthanol concentration 70%,solid-liquid ratio 1∶51(w/v), extraction time 88 min and temperature 61℃. Under the optimal conditions, the predicted and actual yields of total flavonoids were 5.17% and 5.21%±0.03%, respectively. The model developed by RSM was adequate to describe the relationships between the factors and the response values. The IC50 of superoxide anion, hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assays were 0.0936、0.2962、0.017 mg·mL-1, respectively. These results indicated strong antioxidant activity in vitro for total flavonoids from leaves of Moringa oleifera.The research provided a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of total flavonoids from leaves of Moringa oleifera.
  • YAO Wensi, JIN Peng, XU Tingting, ZHU Huiwen, ZHANG Tingting, ZHENG Yonghua
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1781-1788. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1781
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    To investigate the effects of glycine betaine (GB) treatment on chilling injury and quality of Alexandria zucchini during storage at 1℃,the fruits were dipped in GB solution and the parameters such as chilling injury index,electric conductivity, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymes activity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging rate were evaluated. Our results showed that 10 mmol·L-1 GB treatment could effectively inhibit the occurrence of chilling injury and the increase of electric conductivity, and maintain relative high contents of chlorophyll and total phenos in zucchini fruit during low temperature storage. Moreover, GB treatment could also suppress the activities of browning-related polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD), promote the activities of antioxidant-related catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), reduce the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and thus keep relative high antioxidant activity for zucchini fruit. These results indicated that GB treatment can markedly alleviate the chilling injury symptoms and keep the quality of zucchini fruits during low temperature storage. This study will provide theoretical basis for storage of zucchini fruits.
  • LI Qun, YIN Rong, ZHANG Qianru, WANG Xianping, HU Xiaojun, GAO Zhongdong, WANG Zhen, YIN Longlong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1789-1798. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1789
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    In order to study the relationsip between change of appearance shape and internal nutrient accumulation of walnut, fruits from 35 walnut varieties were collected as test materials to determinate the content of fat, protein, sugar, crude fiber, moisture and appearance index,and prediction models of unsaturated fatty acid in walnut were established by mathematical methods such as multivariate linear regression analysis, principal component analysis and BP neural network. As a result, linear model (LM) and nonlinear model (NLM) based on data of 16 conventional items of appearance and physicochemical test were established, and there were differences between the two models for the prediction reliability of total unsaturated fatty acid (UFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in walnut. The reliability of nonlinear model (NLM) was better than that of linear model (LM)(RNLM>RLM),BP neural network model with full factors could be used to predict total content of MUFA with an average relative error of 0.59%, and BP neural network model based on principal components could be used to predict total content of UFA with a relative error of prediction is 4.58%.The results of this study could provide theoretical basis for raw materials selection, quality evaluation and quality control during walnut processing.
  • GUO Jianjun, SANG Liya, WANG Zhenguo, CHEN Xiaoxiao, WANG Weiping, JIN Renyao
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1799-1807. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1799
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    In order to evaluate the effect of daguindox monoclonal antibody on Eu3+ labeling, the Eu3+was conjugated to OLA-mAb by cyDTPA to obtain the Eu3+-OLAmAb. The optimal conditions of coating antigen(OLA-OVA), Eu3+-OLAmAb,coating buffer (CBS), ionic strength of PBS and organic solvent were 1.2 μg·mL-1,2.0 μg·mL-1,0.05 mol·L-1,0.01 mol·L-1(pH value 7.0) and 5% methnol-PBS,respectively.Finally, a sigmoid standard curve of OLA was established with the IC50 value of 9.29 ng·mL-1and the IC10 value of 0.66 ng·mL-1. The average recoveries of determination for OLA spiked in feedstuff were between 84.80~113.60%, and their mean coefficients of variation were below 14%. The established direct-competitive TRFIA method which has the advantages of high sensitivity and good stability lays the foundation for development of OLA immunoassay kit.
  • ZHOU Xuxia, CHEN Hong, CHEN Ting, LYU Fei, GU Saiqi, DING Yuting
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1808-1813. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1808
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    Gel, which is a dilution system of unsteady fluids, is a mesophase between the solid and the liquid. Gel properties are one of the important functional properties of food proteins. Studies show that in some special protein gel systems, the interactions between lipid and protein have an important effect on the quality of the food through affecting the rheological properties and microstructure of protein gels. The interactions are affected by lipid species, lipid content, emulsifier, ion species and concentration and other factors. In this paper, the mechanism of the formation of protein gel was introduced. Based on this, we focused on the participation and mechanisms of lipids in the formation of protein gels in several protein gel systems, reviewed factors that affect lipid and food protein gel interaction, and put forward problems and development direction for the lipid and protein gel research.. The results would provide a theoretical basis for the production of high quality food.
  • Isotope Tracer Technique·Ecology & Environment·Physiology
  • TONG Qian, SHI Ming, HE Jianxun, XU Meilong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1814-1820. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1814
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    To investigate the drought tolerance of the five grape rootstock varieties and to explore the parameters and methods for screening of drought-tolerance germplasm. Taking five rootstock varieties as test material, the research compared and analyzed the differences among the physiological and biochemical indexes under drought stress of 4 water gradients for 28 days. Drought tolerance coefficient, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, subordinate function coefficient analysis, fuzzy clustering and grey correlation analysis were used to comprehensive evaluate the drought tolerance and to select the evaluation indexes. The results showed that the drought tolerance of each varieties were not the same and there existed correlations among the individual indicators using as drought-tolerance coefficients. The principal component and subordinate function coefficient result of drought-tolerance measuration value (D value), the drought hardiness of ‘110R’ was the strongest, with the D value was 0.871 while ‘SO4’ was the weakest with the D value was 0.184. The five varieties were divided into three groups including high, moderate and low drought tolerance with the clustering results. With all their correlation degrees larger than 0.600, the grey correlation analysis showed catalase activity(CAT), malondialdehyde(MDA), transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, stem diameter, plant height and peroxidase activity(POD) were related closely with drought tolerance, and were used as the significant indicator for evaluating drought tolerance. Thereinto, catalase activity(CAT) was the closest relationship with drought tolerance, with the correlation degree was 0.761. In conclusion, this study provides a theoretical basis to the evaluating of the drought tolerance and also can accelerate the germplasm evaluation and drought tolerance breeding.
  • LIAO Ping, SUI Feng, TANG Jun, ZENG Yongjun, WU Ziming, SHI Qinghua, HUANG Shan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1821-1830. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1821
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    To investigate the effect of biochar amendment on the global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in a double rice-cropping system. An inbred rice variety Zhongjiazao 17(early-rice) and a hybrid rice variety Wuyou 308 (late-rice) were selected, respectively. The present study comprised two treatments: no biochar amendment control (CK); and biochar amendment (B) at a rate of 20 t·hm-2, respectively. Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were measured using the static chamber-gas chromatography method during two consecutive rice-growing seasons, and analyzed the effect of biochar amendment on CH4 and N2O emission, global warming potential, total grain yield and greenhouse gas intensity in a double rice-cropping system. The results showed that CH4 emissions were significantly decreased by biochar amendment in both early- and late-rice seasons, whereas no significant effect was found on N2O emissions compared to CK. Overall, CH4 emissions were, on average, significantly reduced by 26.9% by biochar amendment over the two-year period. In addition, the global warming potential (GWP) and yield-scaled GWP (GHGI) was significantly reduced by 26.9% and 30.3% by biochar amendment over the two-year cropping season, respectively. Biochar amendment significantly increased the concentration of soil organic matter. Biochar amendment significantly increased both early- and late-rice yield in the second year of the experiment. Therefore, biochar amendment is promising to increase rice yield and lower the global warming potential. This study provides a theoretical basis for high rice yield and reduction of carbon sequestration in the double rice-copping system.
  • HAN Liu, CHEN Yuzhang, LI Rui, CHAI Yuwei, CHANG Lei, CHAI Shouxi, CHENG Hongbo
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1831-1838. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1831
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    To explore the planting technology of soil water moisture suitable and preservation for winter wheat(Longzhong-2) planting under the condition of semi-arid rain in Northwest China. Tests included two kinds of straw strip mulching, plastic film mulching and non-covered planting a total of four treatment, studied the differences of straw strip mulching on winter wheat yield and soil water dynamics. The results showed that compared with CK, straw strip mulching on the yield of winter wheat average significantly increased by 28.1%~35.4%. Grain yields were increased caused by the rising of spikes per unit area, and average spikes per unit area of straw strip mulching was significantly increased by 35.1%~50.8%. The spikes per unit area showed higher positive correlation with the high grain yield per unit area. Compared with CK, the straw strip mulching on the soil had double effects of increase and reduce the moisture. In all 72 measurement points according to sub-period and sub-soil two kinds of straw strip mulching soil moisture contented increased points accounted for 61.1% and 58.3% of the total measuring point during the whole growth period and decreased content points accounted by 38.9% and 41.7%, respectively. The effects of straw strip mulching on the soil moisture decrease prominently in the milking stages, the average percentage of soil moisture content decreased points 81.2% respectively, in the other seven periods generally showed increased moisture effect, the average of soil moisture content increased points accounted for 64.9%. The increase points of straw strip mulching in all soil layers were greater than or equal to 50% and below 40 cm sub-soil substantially more than 60%, and showed more prominent effect of increasing moisture. In summary, both two different production methods of straw strip mulching had good effects of increased yield and increased soil moisture, accorded with the demand of high yield, high efficiency, healthy and sustainable development of wheat in ecological fragile area, which was a new technology worth popularizing in a large area of the northwest semi-arid area. This study provided a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of winter wheat and summer maize in semi-arid rain areas.
  • QI Yonghong, CAO Sufang, LI Xueping, LI Minquan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1839-1847. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1839
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    In order to determine the changes of leaf cell structure, physiological and biochemical characteristics of resistant cultivar (NQK-01-03) and susceptible cultivar (Ganqing 2) of naked barley after infected with the pathogen of Fusarium avenaceum, the structure of cell membrane and chloroplast, and the physiological and biochemical characteristics were tested by inoculation methods in vitro. Microscopic observation showed that the normal plant leaf color was uniform and in dark- green, while the diseased leaves showed faded green, turned yellow gradually and exhibited the alternating symptom of yellow-green or yellow-white, and also the light transmittance increased finally. Transmission electron microscopy observation showed that the cell membrane and chloroplast of the diseased leaves were seriously damaged and broken, the mesophyll cells were crumpled and deformed ultimately. The chlorophyll content and the electrolyte leakage conductivity in diseased leaves were lower than healthy leaves in comparison to the healthy plants. The chlorophyll content of diseased leaves were 1.03 mg·g-1and 0.85 mg·g-1in NQK-01-03 and Ganqing 2net, respectively, and also the electrolyte leakage conductivity were 53.23 Ws·cm-1and 56.20 Ws·cm-1. Compared with the control, the photosynthetic rates (8.30 μmol·m-2s-1 and 4.62 μmol·m-2s-1), the stomatal conductance (0.13 mol·m-2s-1and 0.07 mol·m-2s-1) and transpiration rate (6.71 mmol·m-2s-1and 3.74 mmol·m-2s-1) were decreased in NQK-01-03 and Ganqing 2net, whereas the concentrations of intercellular CO2 increased, which were 312.57 μmol·mol-1and 310.32 μmol·mol-1in NQK-01-03 and Ganqing 2net, respectively. Moreover, compared with the control, the light saturation point (925.86 μmol·m-2s-1and 831.86 μmol·m-2s-1), maximum net photosynthetic rate (17.73 μmol·m-2s-1and 14.81 μmol·m-2s-1) and the dark respiration rate(-3.74 μmol·m-2s-1 and -5.02 μmol·m-2s-1) were decreased, while the light compensation point (31.80 μmol·m-2s-1and 41.23 μmol·m-2s-1) was increased in NQK-01-03 and Ganqing 2net. In addition, the CO2 saturation point was decreased, and reached 825.80 μmol·m-2s-1and 799.36 μmol·m-2s-1, whereas the CO2 compensation point was increased, and reached 76.49 μmol·m-2s-1and 81.13 μmol·m-2s-1, respectively. The contents of water, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in NQK-01-03 and GanqingⅡnet leaves were decreased, while the crude fiber contents were finally increased. Our findings will provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the pathological mechanism of naked barley crown rot disease.
  • QI Ling, HOU Xiaogai, ZHANG Youfu, TIAN Xiaoyu
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1848-1854. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1848
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    Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was chosen as experimental materials, with five concentrations of strontium (0, 25, 100, 500 and 1 000 mg·kg-1). Plants were cultivated for 30 days. The strontium accumulation and tolerance patterns of wheat were evaluated under five strontium concentrations. The results showed that the root, stem and leaf of wheat could absorb a certain amount of strontium, and the accumulation ability was ranked as leaf > root > stem. The highest translocation factor (TLF) was 1.19 at 100 mg·kg-1 as well as the highest bioconcentration factor of shoot (BCFshoot) and bioconcentration factor of plant (BCFplant) were 1.86 and 2.61 at 25 mg·kg-1, respectively. The high concentration (1 000 mg·kg-1) of strontium ions increased malonaldehyde (MDA) content and inhibited the peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased with strontium concentrations. In conclusion, wheat accumulates high strontium concentration in shoot, and strontium ions were benefit to wheat growth as strontium concentration was below 500 mg·kg-1 SOD plays an important role in the strontium resistance mechanism of wheat. This study provided theoretical basis for the biofortification of strontium ions.
  • TANG Xinhua, QU Zicheng, ZHANG Hao, WEI Qiaorong, ZHANG Lili, SHI Ying
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1855-1863. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1855
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    For understanding influence and action mechanism of epibrassinolide (EBR) on physiology and yield of three potato varieties (Dongnong310, Dongnong311, and Dongnong312), potting and field planting potatoes were taken as experimental materials and different concentrations of EBR were sprayed during the tuber formation stage. After the treatments, SOD activity, MDA content, relative content of chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters, yield per plant and dry matter content were determined. The results showed that the SOD activity, height, relative content of chlorophyll of leaves were all increased in late development stage by spraying EBR during the tuber formation stage, while MDA content was not increased, and it also had a significant effect on chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters including minimal fluorescence (Fo), maximal fluorescence (Fm), maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(Fv/Fm), etc. Spraying EBR can enhance production per plant and per mu. EBR (0.02 mg·L-1) on FE1 of Dongnong 310 can significantly improve yield per potting plant, per filed plant and per mu 64.3%,13.0% and 286.3 kg than CK, respectively; EBR (0.10 mg·L-1) on FE2 of Dongnong 311 can significantly increase 25.9%, 15.8% and 370.0 kg than CK, respectively, while on FE1 of Dongnong 312 can significantly increase 57.6%, 6.0% and 133.0 kg than CK, respectively. Spraying high concentration EBR (0.50 mg·L-1) can improve tuber dry matter content of potting and field potatoes. Tuber dry matter content of EBR (0.50 mg·L-1) on FE3 of Dongnong 310, 311 and 312 were 4.3%,11.8% and 27.6% more than the CK, separately. The results of this study provide theoretical basis and technical reference for potato production improvement and reasonable application of EBR.
  • DENG Wenyang, LUO Xuegang, LUO Lan, SU Fengbing, WANG Zhuo
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(9): 1864-1871. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.09.1864
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    To explore the influence of microorganisms on the effect of phytoremediation of uranium (U) pollution and to obtain a better bioremediation model for radioactive heavy metals, a greenhouse hydroponics experiment is conducted to study the effect of three kinds of microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and Aspergillus niger) mixed inoculated with different U concentrations (5, 15, 25 mg·L-1) on biomass and U enrichment characteristics of Eichhornia crassipes. The results showed that the microorganisms could promote the growth of the roots of Eichhornia crassipes and the best effects were inoculation with Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger. The roots' dry weight of the Eichhornia crassipes increased by a maximum of 75.8% at 5 mg·L-1. Inoculation with Bacillus mucilaginosus and Aspergillus niger enhanced the stress resistance ability of Eichhornia crassipes at higher U concentrations. Three kinds of microorganisms all reduced U enrichment concentration of Eichhornia crassipes's roots, but promoted U enrichment concentration of stems and leaves. Besides, the combination of three kinds of microorganisms inoculated simultaneously had the least effect on the concentration reduction of the root system. The maximum concentration of stems and leaves was 3.097 mg·L-1 when inoculating the combination of Bacillus mucilaginosus and Aspergillus niger at 25, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Aspergillus niger all increased the transfer capacity of Eichhornia crassipes at 15, 25 mg·L-1.Transfer coefficient was up to 0.28 at 5 mg·L-1. In summary, the best overall effects were inoculation with Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger. This study provided a theoretical reference for the bioremediation of heavy metals in water bodies.