10 July 2018, Volume 32 Issue 7
-
Select all|
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1249-1255. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1249In order to develope a new pak-chi germplasm, and use it to breeding new cultivars. In this study, a new late bolting pak-chi germplasn SP67 was developed by space mutation, and a new cultivar Yanchun was breeded by using space mutation combined with traditional breeding methods. Morphological observations showed that Yanchun is erect, compact plant type, vigorous growth, glossy green outer leaves, wide-long green petiole, cold resistance and high disease resistance, late bolting and high quality. The average yield of Yanchun is 2 750 kg·666.7 m-2 at 35 days after seeding, and it's suitable for cultivation all over the country. Breeding of Yanchun showed that the mutagenic effect of pak-choi is very apparent through space mutation and can promote the improvement of agronomic characters and it's great significants to supply of pak-chi in spring.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1256-1266. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1256In order to investigate the effects of main agronomic traits on rice lodging resistance, 28 new rice cultivars from Huanghuai region analyzed with clustering the plant height were used to study the genotypic differences and the correlations among main agronomic traits, culm traits and lodging resistance. The results were as follows: the main agronomic traits of 28 cultivars showed significantly genotypic differences. The coefficient of variations (CV) of plant height, panicle length, panicle fresh weight and grain yield were up to 11.8%, 12.2%, 24.4% and 9.9%, respectively. Improved panicle length, panicle fresh weight and grain yield were correlated with the increase of plant height based on the observations of cluster analysis. Genotypic differences were found in sheath length, internode length, internode fresh weight and lodging index of 3rd, 4th and 5th internode position from the top, respectively, among which the C.V. varied from 8.8% to 40.4%. And all the parameters of different traits elevated with the increase of plant height in different grouped cultivars in cluster analysis. It showed that the height, panicle length, panicle fresh weight and grain yield of all cultivars were significantly or highly significantly correlated with the lodging index of the basal internodes. And the order of linear correlations with lodging resistance (from high to low) was as follows: plant height, panicle length, panicle fresh weight and grain yield. Significant genotypic differences between main agronomic traits and culm traits of different rice cultivars were observed. Moreover, these differences played a pronounced role in lodging resistance, in which the plant height, panicle length and panicle fresh weight had a greater effect compared to the yield. Therefore, to enhance the lodging resistance of rice varieties, relatively lower plant and smaller panicles, meanwhile higher panicle number and improved biomass of rice cultivars should be targeted in breeding, which could balance the grain yield and lodging resistance of rice. This study preliminarily clarified the genotypic differences and the correlations between main agronomic traits and lodging-resistance in rice, which provided theoretical reference for lodging-resistance breeding and cultivation regulation.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1267-1280. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1267In order to comprehensively evaluate the stability and adaptability of spring sowing maize varieties and the representativeness and discrimination of each testing sites in Hebei province,GGE-biplot and AMMI model were used to analyze the variety yield from the regional trials for maize from 2011 to 2012. Fourteen maize varieties were tested in 10 testing sites in northern Hebei Province, and 13 maize varieties were tested in 9 sites in western Hebei Province. The results showed that the varieties of Zhongdi175,XBS688,and Kunpeng7074 had a higher yield than other varieties,and Tang08-72 was the worst. Nongda108,Lishi2975,Nongdan906,and Zhongdi175 had better yield stability than other varieties, while Tango8-72 had the lowest yield. In addition, Yufeng, Zhangjiakou,Kuancheng,and Laiyuan were more representative than other testing sites. Fengrun and Funing had weaker discrimination,while Yuxian,Yufeng,and Guan had stronger discrimination than other testing sites in Northern spring sowing regional trials of Hebei Province in 2011.In Western spring sowing regional trials of Hebei Province in 2012, Keshi787 and Zhongdi175 had a higher yield than other varieties,Nongda108,Su1754,Keshi787,and Zhongdi175 had better yield stability than the other varieties, with the poor yield and stability of Fuyu201.Shexian,Pingshan,Jiangjunmu of Xingtai County were more representative than other testing sites,of which Xingtang and Shexian had stronger discrimination than the other testing sites.The 2-years test results showed that Zhongdi175 had the best performance with high yield and stability, the control variety Nongda108 belongs to the high stability with average yield, Tang 08-72 and Fuyu201 belong to lower yield and weaker stability,Yufeng and Shexian had better representative and stronger discrimination than other testing sites. Little difference between GGE-biplot and AMMI model were found in the stability analysis of maize varieties and discrimination of testing sites.The two methods can be used as the ideal tools for analysis in regional test.The results provide a theoretical basis on rational distribution of maize varieties.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1281-1290. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1281Five maize varieties with better performance in actual production in western Gansu were used to screen a variety with stronger drought resistance, and this capability was comprehensively evaluated through the maize yield under water stress conditions the agronomic characters and physiological indices based on drought resistance coefficient using principal component analysis, drought resistance index and drought resistance membership function. In the meantime, the inter-association among the tested varieties and the indices were presented by GGE biplot in graphic form. The result showed that the drought resistance intensity sequence of the tested varieties Wugu 568>Wugu 704>Longdan 9>Wuke 8>Xianyu 335. According to GGE biplot, closer positive correlations were found among hundred grain weight, ear length and ear row number in agronomic characters; while closer negative correlations were found between non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and maximum photochemical (Fv/Fm), root activity (RA)and chlorophyll content (CHL). Simultaneously, ear diameter, hundred grain weight, peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA)and maximum photochemical (Fv/Fm) appeared in the sector where Wugu568 was planted, which reflected the reason of the better drought resistance performance of Wugu568 from other varieties more intuitively from the aspects of agronomic characters and physiological-biochemical level. This study provides theoretical basis for the comprehensive evaluation of maize drought resistance in western Gansu, and excellent germplasm resources for the parent selection of maize varieties with good drought resistance performance.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1291-1297. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1291To improve the ability of Phaeotactylum tricornutum to produce biodiesel, The effect of arachidonic acid (AA) on the cell growth、lipid and fatty acid content in algae Phaeodactylum tricornutum were studied in this paper. And using quantitative PCR, variant expressions of genes, which were related to the pathway of biosynthesis of lipid were detected. Results showed that low concentration (0.1-62.5 mg·L-1) of AA promoted the cell growth of the Phaeodactylum tricornutum while high concentration of AA (312.5 mg·L-1) restrained the cell growth. At 12.5 mg·L-1 AA, the free fatty acid content reached its maximum and was four times higher than control group. The total lipid content reached the maximum at AA concentration of 62.5 mg·L-1, which was increased by 54% than the control group. The quantitive PCR results showed that when the concentration of AA reached at 312.5 mg·L-1, the reletive genes, include LPAAT、GPAT、KAS II、ACCase involved in the pathway of biosynthesis of lipid, were significant higher than the control (P<0.01). These findings indicate that AA may stimulate the accumulation of lipid in Phaeodactylum tricornutum by increase-regulating the expressing of related genes. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for using genetic engineering to achieve the purpose of energy enrichment of microalgae oil.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1298-1308. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1298In order to reveal the genetic relationship between the Tibetan landraces and the domestic heterotic groups of maize, and explore the genetic potential of Tibetan maize landraces, 69 representative Tibetan maize landraces and 10 key Inbred-lines which can represent the heterotic group of Chinese maize were used as the materials in this study; 40 pairs of SSR primers disturbuting uniformly across in the whole chromosomes were selected to detect the genetic diversity of maize landraces and the genetic relationship between landraces and key inbred-lines, through multiplex fluorescence PCR combined with fluorescence detection in capillary electrophoresis. The results showed that in the 69 maize landraces, 364 allelic variations were detected, of which 3-23 alleles were detected by each pair of primers, and the average of 9.1 alleles per locus; the average polymorphism information content was 0.693, genetic diversity in Tibet landraces was greater than landraces from southwest China, which supports the hypothesis that the first maize migration was from India to Sichuan via Tibet in China. On the basis of the Roger genetic distance of 79 samples, the samples were divided into five groups by the average approach. The range of genetic similarity coefficient of Tibetan landraces and inbred lines in various groups was between 0.09 and 0.58, and the average was 0.26, which was smaller, indicating that the genetic relationship among Tibetan maize landraces, the modern maize varieties and the core landraces in China is far. It can be preliminary inferenced that Tibetan maize landraces may have independent evolution system. The polymorphism among Tibet maize landraces and their relationship to the elite lines can provide reference for the exploration and improvement of the dominant populations of maize in China.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1309-1319. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1309To promote the efficient utilization of capsicum germplasm in variety improvement and new variety selection, the genetic vaviability, diversity and principal components analysis on 18 phenotypic traits were performed on 52 capsicum inbred lines. Cluster analysis on these capsicum germplasms were carried out based on the genetic diversity of phenotypic traits and polymorphism of SSR markers, respectively, and the results of the two clustering method were compared. The results showed that there were significant differences between the 18 traits in different germplasms, the mean coefficient of variation was 34.57%, the means Shannon diversity index was 2.47, the amount of the anterior 7 principal components explatined 78.153% variances,and the first factor explained 20.991% expression information, the frist primary component showed a higher load on the traits such as fruit width, pulp thickness, fruit weight, fruit shape index, leaf width and leaf length. Both phenotypic trait analysis and the SSR marker analysis divided the 52 materials into four classes, however, there was no correlation between the two classification (r=-0.027, P=0.605>0.05), which means the results obtained by the two methods not consistent. The study provides a certain theoretical basis for the research on capsicum germplasm innovation and new variety breeding.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1320-1329. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1320In order to explore the function and expression characteristics of PAL gene, and reveal the fruit coloration and browning mechanism in pomegranate. The major cultivar Taishanhong and Taishansanbaitian were selected as the experimental materials. The full length of PAL gene was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE technology, and its expression was analyzed in different cultivars during development. The result showed that the PAL gene was cloned from the cDNA template of Taishanhong pomegranate (the GenBank number is KY094504). The ORF sequence of PAL gene is 2 205 bp, and encoded 734 amino acids, which containing phenylalanine and histidine ammonia-lyase conserved structure, PLN02457 binding sites and PLN02457 superfamily conserved domains. The predicted molecular weight of PAL is 79 693.87 Da, which is stable protein and hydrophilic protein. There were serine, threonine and tyrosine three phosphorylation sites in PAL protein. The secondary structure of PAL protein was rich in α-helix (47.55%) and random coil (30.52%). qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression level of PAL decreased first and then increased in two pomegranate cultivars during fruit development with higher expression level in Taishanhong fruit. The browning degree of two pomegranate cultivars decreased gradually with development, and the browning degree of Taishansanbaitian was significantly higher than Taishanhong the anthocyanin content of Taishanhong increased gradually with development, while had slightly change in the Taishansanbaitian, the anthocyanin content of Taishanhong was higher than Taishansanbaitian. The expression level of PAL gene was positively correlated with the browning degree in two pomegranate cultivars, there were significantly negative correlation between expression level of PAL gene and anthocyanin content in Taishanhong. The study provides theoritical basis for further explorating the colouration and browning mechanism in pomegranate fruit.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1330-1337. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1330To investigate wether the fusion protein derived from glycolate dehydrogenase in Synechocystis PCC6803 and Rubisco small subunit chloroplast transit peptide in rice could target into rice chloroplasts perfectly, a fragment about 1.5Kb was amplified using specific primers from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 genomic DNA, the fragment was fused to transit peptide of rice Rubisco small subunit(RCTP), the fusion fragment RCTP-gdh was then inserted into transient expression vector P322-d1-eGFP, the sequencing results showed that we have obtained the glycolate dehydrogenase gene. Then the recombinant chloroplast-targeting transient expression vector RCTP-GDH-eGFP-d1 was constructed and its subcellular localization was analyzed. The results showed that Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 GDH encoded 492 amino acid residues and contained FAD binding domine, FAD-oxidase C, as well as glycolate oxidase subunit D domains. Subcellular localization analysis using confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) showed that the fusion protein RCTP-GDH-eGFP could be translocated into rice chloroplasts successfully, but the targeting efficiency was lower than RCTP-eGFP and the fusion protein RCTP-GDH-eGFP tend to aggregate and form speckles in both cytoplasm and chloroplasts, which provide scientific reference to engineering the photorespiration pathway, inhibiting of photorespiration rate and increasing photosynthetic rate of C3 crops by further using of gdh gene.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1338-1348. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1338MYB is one of the most important transcription factors in eukaryotic, which is involved in regulating plant growth and development, primary and secondary metabolites and biotic and abiotic stress. In order to comprehensive genome-weide analysis of the MYB transcription fator in sweet potato. In this study, genome-wide classification and analysis of MYB transcription factor family were conducted based on the genome sequences of Ipomoea triloba (I.triloba), a wild the diploid progenitor of sweet potato. The conservative structure domain, gene structure, conserved motif, chromosome localization and phylogenetic relation were identified with multiple bioinformatic tools and databases online. The expression patterns of 10 R2R3-MYB genes under different treatments of drought and salt stresses were detected by qRT-PCR. The results showed a total of 160 ItbMYB were identified, which were distributed unequally along 15 chromosomes, MYB genes on the 7th was most (21 genes), and that on the 8th was least(6 genes). According to repeat number of the MYB domain, the 160 ItbMYB transcription factors were classified into 4 groups, including 1R-MYB (36 genes), R2R3-MYB (120 genes), 3R-MYB (4 genes) and 4R-MYB (1 gene). The result of phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 161 ItbMYB genes were divided into 18 subfamilies. In the same ItbMYB subfamily, the composition and number of motif were highly conserved, but the number of exons and introns varied highly. Based on the classification criteria of Arabidopsis R2R3-MYB, the 120 R2R3-MYB transcription factors were further divided into 30 subgroups. The qRT-PCR results showed that ItbMYB genes responded to drought and salt stress, and the expression levels were different in different tissues under salt and drought stresses. The study provides a foundation for further function identification of MYB genes in sweet potato.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1349-1357. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1349Photoperiodic pathway is one of the important ways to regulate the flowering time in plants, during the long evolutionary process, plants have formed an extremely precise and sophisticated light-sensitive system in the photoperiod pathway. Plants receive the light signal which is mainly completed by the photoreceptor of light receptor system.The ZTLs family is a class of blue light receptor proteins which regulate the degradation of proteins in plant, ubiquitination enzymes,which play an important role in the light signal entering the circadian clock and regulating the expression of flowering genes downstream. In this study, reviewed and predicted the research on the structure and function of ZTLs family proteins in different plants, and provides a certain theoretical basis for understanding and studying the mechanism of ZTLs family in regulating flowering through photoperiodic pathway.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1358-1367. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1358To investigate the impact of 60Co-γ ray and electron beam(E-beam) irradiation on the microbial content of chilled chicken and the similarities and differences of meat quality, vacuum packaging chilled chicken was treated through 2.5 kGy dose of 60Co-γ ray and electron beam irradiation. The total viable counts(TVC), coliform, malondialdehyde, pH value, tenderness, water-holding capacity, TVB-N and chroma within the storage period were measured. The results showed that 60Co-γ ray and electron beam irradiation could effectively decrease total viable counts in chilled chicken, in which the coliform could not be detected. The malondialdehyde, lactic acid, pH and TVB-N of two irradiation treatments all showed an increase trend. Compared with the control group, the L* value and the a* value of the two irradiation treatments were significantly higher, and the L* value and the a* value of the electron beam treatment group were significantly higher than those of the γ ray treated group. However, the b* value of the control group was significantly higher than those of the two irradiation treatments during the same storage period. Those results showed that both of 60Co-γ ray and electron beam irradiation had a significant effect on the microbial content and meat quality of chilled chicken, which provided a scientific basis for the application of irradiation in the storage of chilled chicken.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1368-1376. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1368In order to evaluate the effect of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) treatments on the structure of myofibrillar proteins and water holding capacity of goose skeletal muscle, the metabolism of energy level (ATP, ADP and AMP), the ultrastructure of muscle tissue, the content of sestructure content of myofibrillar proteins and the change of cooking loss were investigated during the postmortem aging. The results of metabolism showed that 20 mmol·L-1 ATP treatments significantly increased the content of ATP, ADP and AMP in goose tissue compared with the control, which accelerated the rupture of myofibrils in Z-line and I-band. Secondary structure content of myofibrillar proteins showed that 20 mmol·L-1 ATP treatments significantly increased the content of random coil (P<0.001) and β-sheets (P<0.001), and accompanied the decrease of α-helix (P<0.001) using Raman spectroscopy. It implied that 20 mmol·L-1 ATP treatments accelerated the gradually transformation of α-helix into random coil and β-sheets. The results of water holding capacity showed that compared with control, 20 mmol·L-1 ATP treatments had a lower cooking loss (P<0.001) from 48 to 168 h during the postmortem aging. The correlation between secondary structure of proteins and cooking loss further demonstrated that cooking loss was positively significant correlated with α-helical (r=0.92, P<0.001), and was negatively significant correlated with β-sheet(r=-0.87, P<0.001), β-turn(r=-0.72, P<0.001) and random coil(r=-0.85, P<0.001). This study provided theoretical evidence for exploring the effect of ATP on the water hold capacity of goose skeletal muscle and gave new ideas to the goose processing industry.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1377-1383. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1377In order to reduce the post-harvest losses of Gynura bicolor and improve its post-harvest quality, the effect of different levels of short wave ultraviolet (UV-C) irradiation on the post-harvest quality and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism-related enzyme activities of Gynura bicolor were analyzed in this study. The results showed that: UV-C treatment can effectively reduce the weight loss and the total bacterial counts, delay the reduction of visual quality (L*value), vitamin C, chlorophyll, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and inhibit the accumulation of MDA content. The sensory quality and nutritional quality of G. bicolor were effectively improved by UV-C irradiation treatment, and the activities of ROS metabolism-related enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) were significantly increased. The effect of 5 kJ·m-2 UV-C irradiation treatment was better than that of 1 or 3 kJ·m-2 treatment groups. Results indicated that the UV-C treatment can effectively improve the post-harvest quality of G. bicolor, and had potential applications for G. bicolor preservation.
-
Optimization of Process and Determination of Flavor Components for Fermented Sausage in Bladder SkinJournal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1384-1392. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1384In order to improve the deficiencies of traditional sausage in bladder skin with long period of production and deficiency of flavor in this study, the process optimization was carried out with combination of single factor method and orthogonal test for the production of fermented sausage in bladder skin from duck and pork using a mixture of staphylococcus xylosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus as starter culture. Free amino acid and volatile compounds of fermented sausage in bladder skin were determined. The results indicated that the optimal processing parameters of fermented sausage in bladder skin were as follows: the mixture ratio of duck and pork was 1:1, the ratio of staphylococcus xylosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus was 1:2, and fermented at 20℃ for 16 h. Under these conditions, the fermented sausage in bladder skin exhibited better sensory characteristic and antioxidant effect. The main free amino acids were glutamic acid, alanine, leucine, threonine, and phenylalanine. 74 volatile compounds were detected in fermented sausage in bladder skin mainly including aromatic compounds, terpenes and aldehydes. Among them, anethole, d-limonene, hexanal and benzaldehyde were the primary volatile flavor compounds in fermented sausage in bladder skin. Compared with commercial sausage in bladder skin, the content of free amino acid and specie of volatile flavor compounds for fermented sausage in bladder skin significantly increased. The results could provide a theoretical basis for the fermentation process of sausage in bladder skin.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1393-1399. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1393In order to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction technology and analyze the nutritional value of Moringa oleifera seed oil, the microwave-assisted extraction process and the compositions of lipids and fatty acids (determined by FT-IR, NMR and GC-MS) of Moringa oleifera seed oil were studied in this paper. The experimental results indicated that the optimal extraction process of Moringa oleifera seed oil were as follows: dichloromethane-methanol (3:2, v/v) as solvent, liquid-solid ratio 7 mL·g-1, extracting time 10 min, and extracting temperature 70℃. Under the optimized conditions, the extraction yield was up to 38.43%. The predominant component of Moringa oleifera seed oil was triacylglycerol, and the main fatty acids were oleic acid (C18:1n-9, 75.77%), behenic acid (C22:0, 6.74%), palmitic acid (C16:0, 6.04%) and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6, 5.30%). Moringa oleifera seed oil was classified as a high-oleic acid oil species, which suggested that Moringa oleifera seed oil had high nutritional value and considerable potential for lipid exploitation. This research provided theoretical basis for microwave extraction, nutritional evaluation and development of Moringa oleifera seed oil.
-
Rapid Electrochemical Detection of Two Kinds of Insecticides Based on MWCNTs-COOH Modified ElectrodeJournal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1400-1407. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1400In order to rapidly detect the omithoate and deltamethrinn in fruits and vegetables, the rapid electrochemical analysis and detection method was established by modifying the glassy carbon electrode with carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The results showed that the electron transfer rate on the electrode surface was significantly improved by the electrode with modified carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes, which made the detection of omethoate and deltamethrin higher sensitivity. The linear range of detecting the omethoate was 1×10-5~1×10-1 mg·kg-1 and the limit of detection was 5×10-6 mg·kg-1. The recoveries were 89.6%~109.1% and the relative standard deviation was between 2.64% and 8.10%. The linear range of detecting the deltamethrin was 1×10-4~1 mg·kg-1 and the limit of detection was 7×10-5 mg·kg-1. The recoveries were 88.1% ~ 106.6% and relative standard deviation were in the range of 2.44% to 8.68%. Compared with national standard method of detecting the omethoate and deltamethrin by gas chromatography in NY/T 761-2008, this method had higher sensitivity, good anti-interference and test stability, and was of great significance in the detection of the two insecticides in fruits and vegetables.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1408-1416. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1408The characterization of stable isotope and traceability technology of tea are important tools for government to regulate market and protect geographical indication. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of drying techniques on the stable isotopic characteristics of tea, and investigate the feasibility of traceability and the stability of models. Four stable isotopic ratios (δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, δ18O) in Westlake Longjing (WL) tea (Camellia sinensis cv longjingzhong) dried by five different drying techniques (direct fixation-drying in oven, fixation by microwave-drying in flat machine, fixation by microwave-drying in oven, fixation by flat machine-drying in oven, fixation by flat machine-sunning) were analyzed by elemental analyzer with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS). Then, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and elliptical joint confidence region (EJCR) test were used to evaluate the difference of single and multiple stable isotopic ratio(s) between WL tea of five drying techniques, respectively. ANOVA indicated that drying techniques may significantly vary stable the isotope ratios in WL tea, but multi-factor EJCR test showed that there's no significant difference between different drying techniques. Based on this, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model of δ13C, δ15N, δ2H and δ18O was established for the origin traceability of WL tea and tea from Shandong and Chongqing, in which the discriminant accuracies were up to 90.0% in 2000 times random runs, fully verifying the feasibility of origin traceability and the stability of discriminant model. The results which provides the theoretical basis and application feasibility for the protection of tea origin.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1417-1424. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1417Flavor is the main quality characteristics for meat products. There is increasing concern about the relationship between meat flavor and lipid oxidation and protein oxidation. Lipid automatic oxidation, photooxidation or enzymatic oxidation is induced by oxygen, lights or enzymes. Proteins are oxidized with the role of reactive oxygen species, resulting in, crosslinks, carbonylation, or disulfide linkages. Lipid oxidation products such as aldehydes, ketones and alcohols have a significant impact on meat flavor. Protein oxidation products of specific carbonyl derivatives of alpha amino adipic acid (AAS) and gamma glutamic semialdehyde (GGS) are involved in the Strecker degradation and the formation of Strecker aldehyde, which also has a significant impact on meat flavor. Therefore, the mechanism of lipid oxidation, and protein oxidation, their interaction in meat products, and their impacts on the flavor of meat products are reviewed, which would provide the beneficial to improve the flavor characteristics of meat products by controlling the lipid oxidation and protein oxidation.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1425-1434. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1425In order to clarify the source-sink characteristics of three plant types in three super rice varieties with different panicle types and to exploit potentialities of the super rice yield to the maximum. The Nanjing 9108(middle spike), wuyunjing 24(large spike), yongyou 2640 (extra-large spike) were used in the experiment. With the three different nitrogen application patterns, three plant types of rice populations were created, which were spike roof, middle type and grass cover type. To analyze the characteristic of yield and its components, productivity of matter and transport capacity of matter of three plant types in different panicle vaieties. The results showed that the yield varied with different plant types within the same rice variety, which followed the order of middle type>grass cover type>spike roof, and compared to the spike roof and grass cover type, the yield of middle type increased by 6.31% and 3.45% in three rice varieties, respectively. The larger spike had the greater increase rate in middle type rice population, and the yield of middle type increased by 8.51% and 5.36% in yongyou2640, respectively, compared to the spike roof and grass cover type. The spike roof rice had the lowest number of panicles, while the grass cover type rice had lower grain number per panicle with the smaller panicle type, which led to lower sink capacity for both grass cover and spike roof rice. The middle type rice had the largest sink capacity due to the higher panicle number and the stronger stem. Besides, the leaf area index (LAI), the efficient rate of leaf area at full panicle stage, the canopy SPAD value and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) were higher for middle type rice than the other two plant types, which resulted in the highest above ground biomass at mature period, which increased by 18.27% and 5.59% compared to the spike roof and grass cover type. The contribution of stem and leaves to grains is lowest, which are all less than 20%. However, the spike roof type rice was not dominant in the above indexes, and the grass cover type rice had lower stage effective leaf area ratio at full panicle and lower aboveground biomass at mature period. Thus, we concluded that the middle type was a super rice plant type with strong source-sink characteristics. Results obtained from this study provide scientific reference for regulating optimal plant types of super rice.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1435-1441. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1435In order to improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, and study the long-term effects of continuous application of biochar, yunyan 87 was selected as testing material and a three-year located experiment was designed to study the effects of continuous application of biochar on black shank, dry matter and yield and quality. The results showed that the continuous application of biochar could reduce the morbidity of disease (decreased by 2.78%~8.33%) and disease-infected indices (decreased by 1.39%~4.40%) of flue-cured tobacco, but its inhibitory effect on the disease decreased with the extension of continuous cropping time; the dry matter in the root of flue-cured tobacco was increased (increased by 19.50~43.02 g), and total dry matter both increased in 2015 and 2016 (increased by 40.50~85.20 g), while decreased slightly in 2017 (decreased by 20.00 g) after continuous application of biochar; the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco was increased, and the first class tobacco proportion (increased by 2.60%~8.91%), the superior tobacco proportion (increased by 0.51%~3.67%), and the indexes of economic character (e.g. the output value increased by 2485.64~6216.13 yuan·hm-2) were improved, but the above indicators also decreased with the extension of continuous cropping time after continuous application of biochar. Therefore, continuous application of biochar can reduce the disease of black shank of flue-cured tobacco, promote the accumulation of dry matter in root, and alleviate the tendency of the yield and quality decline of flue-cured tobacco due to prolongation of continuous cropping. The study has a guiding significance for the production of high quality flue-cured tobacco.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1442-1447. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1442In order to solve the relative low temperature and low-light supply problems in human tobacco greenhouse area in winter, this study employed Yunyan 87 as the test material, and several self-made various spectral bands emitting phosphors have been fabricated into a series of phosphors-converted light emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) devices. Furthermore, the effect of different LEDs light quality supplements on main physiological indexes of tobacco seedling has been studied in detail. Meanwhile, fluorescent lamps were employed to conduct contrast experiments, and the results show that with the use of home-made LEDs to supply light, the seedling emergence rate, seedling height, stem circumference, maximum leaf, maximum width, stem height, chlorophyll as well as root vigor were improved remarkably compared with the corresponding fluorescent lamps. The optimal LED supplementary lighting can shorten the seedling time to 47 days, ahead of 36 days compared with fluorescent lamps, the seeding quality can be obviously enhanced. Among all the pc-LEDs devices, the one which contain phosphors peaking at 630 nm in their emission spectra shows the best efficiency. The tobacco quality seeded with this light source is higher than the contrast one and can meet the requirements of transplant, fulfill the conditions of tobacco seedling in winter. This experiment provided a theoretical basis for the artificial light supplement of flue-cured tobacco seedlings.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(7): 1448-1455. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.07.1448To explore effects of the different long-term ridge film mulching ways on variation of microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and soil respiration, and the relationship of soil nutrient, a 4-year located experimental was conducted in17 years apple orchard planted with apple trees (tianwang NO.1).Three film mulching ways (PFM (plastic film mulching for whole year), JM (mulch in late February and uncovered the film in late June) and CK (clean tillage)were designed to study soil nutrient, soil microbial biomass carbon, soil microbial biomass nitrogen and soil basal respiration on different soil layer (0 to 30 cm and 30 to 60 cm). The results showed that under tree film mulching conditions, soil main nutrient contents in 0 to 30 cm soil layerwere significantly higher than those in 30 to 60 cm. In 0 to 30 cm soil layer, compared with CK, PFM and JM significantly improved the soil nutrient contents, and compared with PFM treatment, the contents of soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen treated with JM were increased by 20.6% and 15.2%, respectively. While the content of available phosphorus and available potassium were decreased by 7.8% and 9.7%, respectively. In 30-60 cm soil layer, the variation of soil nutrients was not significant, and the differences were not significant among 3 treatments each year. With the extension of treating time, the amount of carbon, nitrogen and microbial quotient under PFM and JM treatments were changed. Whether in 0 to 30 cm layer or in 30 to 60 cm layer, the content of soil microbial carbon and nitrogen was significant higher in JM treatment than those in PFM, increasing by 7.6% and 5.3%, respectively, but microbial quotient decreased. During the whole trial period, amplitude of variations of soil respiration and microbial metabolism in 0 to 30 cm were significantly higher than those in 30 to 60 cm, and there were significant differences among 3 treatments (P<0.01). Conclusively, long-term plastic film mulching could significantly improve the conversion rate between the soil nutrient, the amount of microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, microorganism and soil organic matter of apple orchard, and the JM treatment showed the best in improving the soil fertility of apple orchard. Moreover, the ridge film mulching in late February and uncovered the film in late June could be used as a semi-arid rainy farming area scientific and rational management of fruit orchard cultivation mode. The study provide theoretical basis for semi-arid rainy farming area management of fruit orchard.
