10 June 2018, Volume 32 Issue 6
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1041-1049. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1041In order to illuminate whether new mutations will take place in target modification site when the mutated locus passed from rice with continuous shearing of Cas9 protein after multiple generations, in this study, the japonica rice variety Taipei309 was used as the transgene receptor, and the LOC_Os05g31750 locus was knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. Six T0 mutated plantlets were obtained successfully. After the harvest of several generations, the target modification sites from T1 and T2 progeny population carrying Cas9 gene were amplified and sequenced. The results showed that the target modification site in progeny population from two homozygous biallelic mutants T0-8 and T0-12 were consistent with the corresponding T0 generation mutant. It was confirmed that the target modification sites via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing could be reliably inherited between multiple generations from rice. The results provide experimental evidence for verifying the progenis of mutant from CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing could be used for analysis of phenotypes after gene function loss.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1050-1059. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1050In order to understand the inheritance of pericarp color and develop SNP molecular markers that colosely linked to the pericarp color trait of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.), genetic analysis and gene mapping were carried out on green pericarp color fruit using CMO-1 (dark green without stripe) and CMO-97 (light green with stripe) as experimental materials in this study. Meanwhile, dCAPS molecular markers that generated by SNP molecular markers have been developed and applied in the mapped interval. Results indicated that light green with stripe was dominate to dark green with no stripe, the pericarp color was controlled by single genes, designated as pc. Based on high-density genetic map constructed previously, a locus related to pericarp color and pericarp stripe traits of pumpkin was detected in linkage group 8, and both traits might be controlled by the same gene. The pc gene was mapped near R1_47757 which had the highest phenotypic variance explained (PVE). The flanking markers R2_47028 and R2_63809 were linked to the pc gene with a genetic distance of 1.86 cM, and a physical distance of 145.13 kb. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that there were 32 prediction candidate genes in this region. At the same time, dCAPS primers were designed based on the information of SNP molecular markers related to pericarp color trait. After PCR amplification and restriction enzyme digestion, two dCAPS molecular markers with high amplification efficiency and stability were selected to distinguish dark green without stripe phenotype from light green with stripe in F2 population according to the digestion patterns, and used to identify the pericarp color of pumpkin inbred lines. These results laid the foundation for the molecular mechanism of pericarp color development and molecular marker-assisted breeding of Cucurbita moschata Duch.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1060-1069. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1060To establish and optimize the genetic transformation system of Chieh-qua and efficiently transform the CqWRKY1 gene, the Chieh-qua A39 was used to clone the CqWRKY1 gene of Chieh-qua by RT-PCR. And the pEarleyGate101-CqWRKY1 overexpression vector was constructed by Gateway homologous recombination. The cotyledon nodes were used as explants to transform by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The results showed that the highest frequency of adventitious bud regeneration (76.17%) was achieved on the medium MS + 0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA + 1 mg·L-1 ABA, which was considered as the optimum medium for bud induction. The optimum medium for rooting was 1/2MS + 0.5 mg·L-1IAA. The optimal condition for Agrobacterium infection was infecting the explants with bacterial suspension OD600 of 0.3 for 10min and co-culturing for 3 d. The suitable bacteriostatic antibiotic was 500 mg·L-1 Cef. In this study, a total of 76 positive transgenic T0 plantlets were obtained from 181 transgenic tissue culture plantlets, 37 of which were transplanted successfully. PCR results showed that CqWRKY1 had been successfully integrated into the genomes of these 37 transformed plants, which laid a theoretical foundation for further studing the function of CqWRKY1 gene.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1070-1078. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1070To explore stable locus under natural high temperature and low temperature stress of grain number three related-traits in japonica. Unconditional QTL analysis and conditional QTL analysis by adjusted to an identical level of growth duration were conducted for grain number per panicle (GNP), filled grain number per panicle (FGP) and percentage of spikelet fertility (SF) in a set of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from a japonica cross of Nipponbare (recipient) and Koshihikari (donor). The 48-line CSSL population was planted under normal temperature year of 2015 in Lujiang(E1), low temperature year of 2016 in Lingshui(E2) and high temperature year of 2016 in Lujiang(E3). Results showed that all QTLs for GNP, FGP and SF detected by the two methods were predominant additive effects. Stable loci of qGNP7.1 of GNP, qFGP6.1 and qFGP11 of FGP and qSF9 and qSF11 of SF were detected. Allele from Nipponbare can increase effect in qFGP6.1 and qSF9. Allele from Koshihikari can increase effect in qGNP7.1, qFGP11 and qSF11. qFGP11 and qSF11 on the same chromosome segment were detected in three environments. The result indicated that alleles of these loci could be stably expressed under natural high temperature and low temperature. qGNP7.1 was detected in E1 and E2 showed that expression of allele from the locus was unaffected under low natural temperature. qFGP6.1 and qSF9 were detected in E1 and E3 showed that expression of alleles from these two loci were unaffected at natural high temperature. These results will provide valuable reference information for improving grain number related-traits by molecular markers and breeding variety with natural high and low temperature stress.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1079-1088. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1079To figure out the genetic diversity and relationships between T. petropavlovskyi and primitive hexaploid, tetraploid wheat, the composition of high molecular weight gluten subunits (HMW-GS) among 18 primitive hexaploid wheat and 11 tetraploid wheat were analyzed by on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Furthermore, the data sets of 8 morphology traits of 4 years have been collected. Using the results of HMW-GS and the data sets of morphology traits, the UPGMA dendrograms were constructed. Results showed that there were high diversifications in HMW-GS among all tested materials, containing 20 types and 66.7% diversity, and certain differences on morphological characteristics. UPGMA of HMW-GS suggested that T.petropavlovskyi and endemic landraces wheat in China and T. polonicum L. have a close relationship. UPGMA based on morphological characteristics suggested that T.petropavlovskyi and T. polonicum L. have a close relationship. Therefore, this study supposed that T. petropavlovskyi is related with endemic landraces wheat of China and T. polonicum L. in Xinjiang, China. This study provides reference to identify relationship of T. petropavlovskyi, and lays foundation for further utilization of T. petropavlovskyi excellent resources in common wheat improvement.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1089-1096. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1089In order to develop EST-SSR markers and analysis genetic diversity of Lycoris sprengeri. MISA was used to detect the SSR locus of Lycoris sprengeri transcriptome, and primers were designed by Primer3.0. The effectiveness and polymorphism of primers were determined by PCR amplification and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, then draw the dendrogram of Lycoris sprengeri. The results show that, 9 918 SSR loci were detected, the occurrence frequency is 18.59% and the distribution distance is 3.729 Kb. The repeat units of SSR loci are 1~3 bases, in which single base repeats > three base repeats > two base repeats, and accounted for 61.08%, 23.22% and 14.23% respectively, while 4 base and more repeat units are relatively less. A total of 9 302 pairs of SSR primers were designed and 278 pairs of primers were randomly selected and amplified by PCR. There were 185 pairs of primers that were clearly amplified (66.55%). Of the seven species of Lycoris, 59 were polymorphic (31.89%). Among them, 11 pairs (18.64%) showed rich polymorphism in 30 accessions of Lycoris sprengeri in Zhejiang and Jiangsu. The EST-SSR markers developed in this study are rich in polymorphism, it is of great significance in the genetic diversity analysis, identification of hybrid species and the construction of genetic map for the Lycoris sprengeri and the Lycoris plants.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1097-1105. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1097Inorder to study the genetic diversity of tea cultivars from Tieguanyin or Huangdan in Fujian Province, the genetic diversity of 12 cultivars with relative and 15 control cultivars was analyzed by SSR molecular marker technique. Results showed the genetic similarity, biological morphology, and tea quality of 4 hybrid cultivars bred from Tieguanyin and Huangdan could confirm each other. the genetic diversity among the 12 related cultivars could be observed from the cluster diagram, further analysis suggested that the genetic background of most cultivars was closer to Huangdan, which indicated that selecting lines with higher genetic similarity to Huangdan in the breeding stage, the possibility of emergening better varieties was higher. The similar coefficient of each cultivar to their parents showed Zimeigui was mostly close to Tieguanyin, and Ruixiang was mostly close to Huangdan. The similar coefficients among all tested varieties showed that the coefficients were ranged from 0.64 to 0.92 among the genetic related cultivars, of which 19.70% was higher than 0.80 . While the coefficients of the control varieties were ranged from 0.63 to 0.81, only 5.71% greater than 0.80. The high genetic diversity of the control species could also be observed from the pedigree cluster tree. This study provided data support for understanding the genetic diversity of cultivars bred from Tieguanyin or Huangdan inFujian Province, and also could provide the guidance for selection and introduction of cultivars in tea production, and provide reference for tea breeding and genetic improvement.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1106-1115. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1106The present study aimed to establish a system for evaluating sub-optimal temperature and low light density stress tolerance in pumpkin and select the stress tolerance pumpkin germplasms suitable for protected cultivation in winter and spring. 30 pumpkin germplasms were used as experimental materials (containing 15 germplasms in Cucurbita maxima and 15 germplasms in Cucurbita moschata) and their stress tolerance coefficients of growth and physiological indices were measured in natural sub-optimal temperature combined with artificial shading conditions. A comprehensive evaluation method including principal component, membership functions, system clustering and regression analysis was applied to analyze the stress tolerance coefficients and evaluate the pumpkin germplasms. The results showed the stress tolerance coefficients of growth and physiological indices displayed a significant variation among the pumpkins germplasms. According to principal component analysis, the primary indices were changed in to 4 separate comprehensive indices. By system clustering analysis, 30 pumpkin germplasms were divided into 4 groups. In membership function analysis, root dry weight, root fresh weight, EC value, chlorophyll content and other indices were selected as parameters to evaluate the potential tolerance of pumpkin germplasms. The comprehensive evaluation value (D value) of all the pumpkin germplasms was obtained according to the membership function values. Stepwise regression analysis was used to establish a prediction equation (R2=0.965; average forecast accuracy was 95%) for evaluating the stress tolerance of all the pumpkin germplasms. Finally, 4 germplasms were selected by the prediction equation due to their desirable tolerances under sub-optimal temperature and low light density stress. Their germplasms names are 'Bei Li-2012D14' and 'Ri Nan-99A17' in Cucurbita maxima and 'Huang Pi Xiao Nan Gua-2013D02-3' and 'Shi Bing Nan Gua-5Bb040' in Cucurbita moschata. This study will help to provide a theoretical basis for screening sub-optimal temperature and low light density stress tolerance germplasms in pumpkin cultivar breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1116-1124. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1116To explore the effects of irradiation technology on the shelf life and storage quality of grass carp, fresh fillets stored at 4℃ were irradiated by 60Co-γray with different dosages (0, 3, 6 and 9 kGy). The total number of colonies, volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), chromaticity values, pH value and K value were investigated to systematically assess the quality indexes of grass carp fillets, accompanied with loss rate and sensory evaluation of fresh juice. The results showed that pH value increased at first, and then decreased during storage. The growth rate of total number of colonies, TVB-N and K values decreased as the increase of the irradiation dosage. Meanwhile, the irradiation dose had little impact on the chromaticity values. In contrast with relative lower irradiation doses 9 kGy had an effect on the quality of grass carp grass carp fillets, which led to the chromaticity values and drip loss increasing, accompanied with sensory scores decrease in different degree. The study indicated that 6 kGy irradiation was the best choice for fresh-keeping of grass carp fillets after comprehensive evaluation, which could extend the shelf life of grass carp fillets to 30 d stored at 4℃. This study provided a new idea for cold storage of grass carp.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1125-1132. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1125Previous studies had found that Ginkgo pollen was rich in flavonoids, mainly in the form of flavonoid glycosides. In order to ferment the Ginkgo pollen and efficiently transform the flavonoid glycosides in it , the biotransformation strains were screened from 22 strains of lactic acid bacteria stored in the laboratory and identified by physiological, biochemical and molecular biology analysis. Then, the biotransformation conditions of Ginkgo biloba flavonoids were optimized from four parameters of fermentation temperature, inoculation amount, fermentation time and solid-liquid ratio of Ginkgo pollen by a single factor test. Finally, a strain was successfully screened and identified as Lacbacillus perolens B2, which could grow on Ginkgo pollen. The single factor test showed that the content of kaempferol was highest production in the conversion production under the optimized fermentation conditions of fermentation temperature was 37℃, the inoculation amount was 2% (v/v), the fermentation time was 72 h, and the solid-liquid ratio of Ginkgo pollen was 1∶4 (w/v). This study laid a foundation for the deep processing and active components research of Ginkgo pollen.
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Multivariate Analysis of Different Packing Materials on Quality of Green Asparagus During Shelf-lifeJournal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1133-1143. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1133In order to investigate the effects of different packaging materials on the shelf-life quality of green asparagus, packing with miaojie bag (P1), common taker-bag from supermarket (P2) and atmosphere controlled bag (P3). Asparagus treated with ‘miaojie’ bag with holes were used as control (CK). Multiple analysis methods (one-way analysis of variance, principal component analysis, correlation analysis, partial least squares regression analysis and path analysis) were employed in this study. One-way analysis of variance showed that P3 treatment could keep higher concentration of CO2 in the package, and inhibit the increasing of colony numbers and respiration rate of green asparagus. Moreover, P3 could also improve contents of total sugar, total phenol and vitamin C (Vc), led to higher sensory scores and higher activity of catalase (CAT), superoxidedismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and alleviate the accumulations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of green asparagus as well. In addition, P3 inhibifed polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanineammonialyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) activities of green asparagus. Principal component analysis indicated that PC1 and PC2 could distinguish the quality and active oxygen metabolism indicators of green asparagus during shelf life very well. Partial least squares regression and correlation analysis showed that sensory quality was negatively correlated with total numbers of colony, MDA content, H2O2 content, POD, PAL, PPO activities and was positively correlated with APX, SOD activities, CO2 concentration, total sugar and Vc. Path analysis suggested that PPO activity could affect the quality of green asparagus directly, as well as through the effect of total number of colonies. In conclusion, the effect of P3 treatment on the quality of green asparagus had an association with activity of PPO and APX, total number of colonies, contents of total sugar and Vc during shelf life, which provided theoretical and technical support for preservation of post-harvest asparagus.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1144-1152. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1144In order to reduce the lipase and lipoxygenase activity in wheat germ, and improve the storage stability, the single factor experiments was used to explore the effects of heating temperature, material loading, and distance om drying characteristics. Then infrared drying process parameters were optimized by response surface analysis, and the optimal infrared drying parameters were determined as follows, heating temperature 100 ℃, material loading 1 kg·m-2 and distance 15 cm. Combined with microstructure, lipase activity, fatty oxidase activity, acid value, peroxide value and TBA, the quality changes of wheat germ in fresh, infrared drying and hot air drying were compared. The results showed that the drying processing could significantly increase the activity of lipase and lipoxygenase. When the storage days reached 75 d, the acid value, peroxide value and TBA value of the wheat germ after infrared drying were 52.49 mg·g-1, 18.75 meq·kg-1, and 4.58 mg·g-1, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the hot air drying group and fresh group (P < 0.05). It demonstrated that the infrared drying processing was preferred to maintain the quality of wheat germ during storage. The results could provide the relevant theoretical basis for the storage and production of wheat germ.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1153-1161. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1153In order to investigate the optimum enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of Sargassum horueri polysaccharide(SHP) under the action of polysaccharide enzyme and the regulation function of intestinal environment of polysaccharide components with different average molecular weight, response surface methodology was used to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis process of SHP, as well as to investigate the effect of polysaccharide on the intestinal environment of mice. The results showed that the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis parameters were determined as follows: enzymolysis temperature 48℃, enzyme concentration 3.6%, pH value 4.8, enzymolysis time 2 h. Under these conditions, the content of reducing sugars was 0.550 mg · mL-1, which was consistent with the theoretical value. SHPE1, SHPE2, SHPE3 were obtained by the purification of Sargassum horueri polysaccharide enzymatic hydrolysates(SHPE), and SHP0 was obtained from SHP purified by column chromatography system. The intestinal microflora group regulating function test showed that the Sargassum horueri polysaccharide components exhibited a certain intestinal probiotic effect. Among them, the effects of SHPE2 and SHPE3 with relative low molecular weight on the intestinal pH value, the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content and other intestinal probiotics indicators in mice were close to fructooligosaccharides (FOS). This study informed that Sargassum horueri polysaccharide components had significant potential to be developed into a marine algae prebiotics.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1162-1170. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1162To evaluate the effects of heat treatment on the quality characteristics of Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus bisporus was heated at 75, 85, 95 and 121℃ for 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min, respectively, in this experiment. The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and total phenolic content were analyzed by chemical method, color difference was measured by colorimeter, and texture properties were determined by texture analyzer, including hardness, elasticity, cohesiveness, chewiness and adhesiveness. Combined with sensory evaluation, the optimum heating treatment condition was selected. In this condition, the tissue structure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and volatile flavor components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that PPO activity and the total phenolic content decreased significantly, while color difference value increased first and then decreased. Along with the temperature increasing and heating time extending, hardness, chewiness, adhesiveness and viscosity decreased gradually, and cohesion value increased first and then decreased. Combined with sensory evaluation, the optimum heat treatment condition was 95℃ for 10 min, in which the tissue structure of Agaricus bisporus became loose, aperture structure increased slightly, the water holding capacity enhanced, and the plant flavors and mushroom flavors thickened, as well as slight baked flavor. Hence, appropriate heat treating could increase the texture characteristics of Agaricus bisporus and endow it with new flavor. The experiment provided theoretical basis for the processing and keeping the unique flavor of Agaricus bisporus to the maximum extent.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1171-1179. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1171In order to understand the interaction mechanism between protein and polysaccharide, soybean protein isolate (SPI)-chitosan (CS) system was chosen as the research object, and turbidity, potential analysis, particle size analysis, viscosity measurement and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) were used to study the state and mechanism of the complex formation and the heat change in the interaction process between the two kinds of compounds. The results showed that compound ratio had no significant effect on the turbidity of SPI-CS mixed solution at pH value 3.0 and two peaks appeared in the particle size distribution of mixed solution (SPI/CS=1∶30). In addition, the potential of the SPI-CS mixed solution changed slightly at pH value 3.0, resulting in the weak electrostatic interaction and almost no heat change between SPI and CS. At pH value 6.0, the turbidity of SPI-CS mixed solution increased and saturated at 1∶10 of the SPI/CS ratio. The potential of the mixed solution turned to positive from the original negative and the average particle sizes of SPI-CS complexes increased significantly due to by electrostatic interaction. The results of ITC showed that the interaction between SPI and CS was exothermic reaction (ΔH<0). This study provided a theoretical basis for the application of protein and polysaccharide in food industry.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1180-1185. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1180In order to explore the degradation effect of antibiotic wastewater under gamma-ray irradiation, sulfamethoxazole(SMX) which was difficult to dissipate in water, was selected to study its degradation effect during gamma-ray irradiation with different additives, meanwhile, the role and quantitative relationship of hydroxyl radical (·OH), hydrated electron (
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1186-1194. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1186In order to reveal the influence mechanism of crop interspecific interactions to soil microorganisms, the change of the soil microbial community structure and function of potato intercropped with the faba-bean or the buckwheat were studied by phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and Biolog Eco-plate after two-years, by means of the fixed experiment. The main results are as follows: compared with the monoculture, the potato intercropped with the faba-bean or the buckwheat influenced the structure diversity of soil microbial community, but also increased the biomass of soil bacteria and actinomycetes and the ratio of the biomass of gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria. Compared with the potato intercropping the faba-bean, the average well color development (AWCD) of the potato intercropping with buckwheat were enhanced and the ability of the carbon source utilization were increased by soil microbial communities, too. Compared with the potato monoculture,the richness and evenness of soil microbial community of the potato intercropped with the faba-bean were decreased by 35.6% and 47.0%, respectively, but the dominance index were increased by 2.07 times. In addition, the richness index of soil microbial community of the potato intercropped with the buckwheat were decreased by 13.7%. The evenness and dominance index were increased by 8.8% and 3.4%, respectively. The result of the multivariate analysis (RDA) showed that there was a good correlationship between the soil microbial community structure, the functional diversity and the soil nutrient content under intercropping system. The results showed that the soil micro-ecological environment were changed in the different potato intercropping system and the structure, the functional diversity of the soil microbial community were also influenced. The research results can provide the scientific basis for the reasonable crops intercropped with the potato in southern mountain areas of Ningxia.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1195-1202. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1195In order to investigate and comprehensively assess the cold resistance of peanut varieties planted in Heilongjiang Province, four peanut varieties including Jihua No.3 (JH3), Silihong (SLH), Baisha 1016 (BS1016) and Honghua No.1 (HH1) were used as test materials to determine the indexes of emergence rate, emergence time, physiological and biochemical characteristics under different temperatures. The results showed that with the aggravation of low-temperature stress, emergence days (ED) were prolonged with emergence rate (ER) reduced, moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA) and osmotic adjustment substances were accumulated, and the relative membrane permeability (RMP) and the activities of anti-oxidases of four peanut cultivars were gradually increased with decreasing of the temperature. Furthermore, it was confirmed that ED of SLH was shortest and ER was highest as well as the contents of osmotic adjustment substances compared with the other three cultivars. Comprehensive assessment by Membership function showed that SLH had the strongest cold resistance, and followed the order of JH3 > BS1016 > HH1. Correlation analyses demonstrated that integrated assessment value of cold resistance had significantly positive correlation with the content of SP, SOD and CAT activity as well as the contents of Pro, SS, POD and ER, while it had significantly negative correlation with the content of MDA, as well as RMP and ED. Thus, these indexes could be used as the evaluation indexes of cold resistance in peanut. Comprehensive assessment of cold resistance and the results of physiological and biochemical indexes indicated that multigrain SLH has strong cold resistance and was suitable for planting climatic conditions in Heilongjiang Province. This study revealed the effects of low-temperature stress on physiological response of these four peanut cultivars. In addition, the data of germination and physiological parameters evaluated the cold resistance between these peanut cultivars and provided a theoretical basis for peanut germplasm innovation and breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1203-1210. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1203In order to clarify the responses of nutrient accumulation and distribution as well as kernel number formation to N application rate, a field experiment with two cultivars (large-spike cultivar Zhoumai 16 and multi-spike cultivar Yumai 49-198) and three contrasting N levels (0, 180 and 360 kg·hm-2; N1, N2 and N3) was carried out for study the effect of different N application rate on N accumulation, distribution and kernel number during 2015-2016. The results indicated that the effect of different N application rate on dry matter accumulation of two cultivars mainly occurred in anthesis to maturity. N2 was both helpful for two cultivars to increase aboveground biomass and promote transportation of nutrients to spike organ. The distribution ratio of dry matter and N of two cultivars were 48.07%,79.81% and 43.61%,76.51% at maturing stage,which provided adequate nutrition for fertile florets differentiation to grain. For florets number, with the increase of growing degree day, the two cultivars showed a similar trend of curvilinear rising, rapid decreasing and then slow reducing, moreover, the total florets of large-spike cultivar Zhoumai 16 was higher than that of multi-spike cultivar Yumai 49-198, reached 21.73×104·m-2. With the increasing of amount of N applied, the number of florets differentiation, perfect florets and 5 d post-anthesis perfect florets and grain number per spike of two cultivars all significantly improved, however, excessive application of N fertilizer would decrease the number. At 180 kg·hm-2, the above three indicators of two cultivars increased by 34.04%, 11.28%; 38.16%, 0.79%; 38.79%, 3.37%; and 21.56%, 6.82%; 21.49%, 7.10%; 14.38%, 7.09% than N1 and N3, respectively. Under different N application rate, the yield of large-spike cultivar Zhoumai 16 and multi-spike cultivar Yumai 49-198 both showed a similar trend: N2>N3>N1. At 180 kg·hm-2, the grain number per spike reached 39.78, and the yield reached 8788.14 kg·hm-2. The grain number per spike of 49-198 reached 32.12, and the yield reached 8434.49 kg·hm-2, which indicated that excessive or lower application of N fertilizer was not beneficial to improve the yield of winter wheat with two spike types, and only optimum amount of N fertilizer could increase production even further. In addition, the cultivars with different spike types showed a different sensitivity to optimum N application rate in wheat production. The research can provide a theoretical basis for the determination of suitable nitrogen amount in wheat with different spike types.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1211-1219. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1211To investigate effect of heavy mental on seed germination, seedling growth and physiological, biochemical characteristics of plant, the response of seed germination, seedling growth and physiological, biochemical characteristics of Platycodon grandiflorum under different concentrations of cadmium and mercury stress were studied by mean of petri dish filter paper method. The results showed that low concentration of Cd2+ or Hg2+(≤20 mg·L-1) treatment had little effect on the germination energy and germination rate, while the germination energy and germination rate dropped significantly when the concentration of Cd2+was higher than 30 mg·L-1 and the concentration of Hg2+ was higher than 40 mg·L-1. The germination index dropped when the concentration of Cd2+ was higher than 20mg·L-1 and the concentration of Hg2+ was higher than 30 mg·L-1, and the vitality index dropped with the increasing of the Cd2+ and Hg2+concentration. The root length, plant height and fresh weight was reduced with the increasing of the Cd2+ and Hg2+concentration. The soluble sugar content increased first decreased then with the increasing of the Cd2+ and Hg2+concentration, however the soluble protein content increased first, then and increased finally with the increasing of the Cd2+concentration, but increased with the Hg2+concentration and were keeping at high level. The MDA content dropped first increased then after by Cd2+ treatment and incrased after by Hg2+ trteatment. The SOD activity rose first then declined with the increasing of the Cd2+ and Hg2+concentration, while the POD activity rose first, then declined and rose at last with the increasing of the Cd2+concentration, declined first then rose with the increasing of the Hg2+concentration. The Cd, Hg content of the above ground and root increased with the increasing of the Cd2+ and Hg2+concentration. In conclusion, the low concentration of Cd2+ and Hg2+ has little effects on seed germination but inhibited the growth of seedlings, higher concentration of Cd2+ and Hg2+ inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth, biochemical changes and increased the Cd, Hg content. This study provides a theoretical basis to elucidate the mechanism of heavy metal stress to seedling growth of Platycodon grandiflorum.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1220-1229. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1220Deficiency of phosphorus and drought stress seriously inhibit rice production. To investigate the deficiency effects on root plasticity, ten rice varieties with different rooting distribution were hydroponically cultured for one month under the phosphorus deficiency stress (LP) or high osmosis stress (PEG). In the results, we found that varieties rooting at different depth response differently to phosphorus deficiency: roots length increased 48.78% more in the deep rooting rice varieties than shallow rooting varieties, but on the other hand, the roots number decreased 24.90% less than that of shallow rooting varieties. The inhibition effect of high osmosis stress on the development of acrial part was more significant than that of the underground part; the dry weight of the stress groups was decreased by 37.51% and 5.73%, respectively. There is synergic effect of PEG and LP: the dry weights of acrial part and roots, the root depth, and roots number of LP treatment group were increased 53.31%, 54.05%, 36.36%, and-9.05% of the PEG+LP treatment group, respectively; similarly, the dry weights of acrial part and roots, the root depth, and roots number of PEG treatment group were increased 136.33%, 49.19%, 5.37% and 32.91% of PEG+LP treatment group, respectively. Compared to the control, the area occupancy ratio of root to shoot of PEG, LP and PEG+LP treatments were increased by 57.3%, 142.7%, and 141.01%, respectively, indicating the stress environments strongly increase the ratio of root to shoot. However, the ratios of root to shoot were almost similar in different varieties with the same treatment. This study firstly characterized that roots length of the deep rooting rice varieties are specially increased by the phosphorus deficiency, and it provides a promising strategy for the super green rice breeding and research.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1230-1238. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1230
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Lx-11 is a biocontrol strain which has significant efficiency to control bacterial leaf streak of rice in the field trials. In this study, the sensitive variety Jiangang 30 was used as test material to compare the effects of different dilutions of the sterile supernatant of the Lx-11 strain on seed germination and growht of seedlings in rice. The effect of rice shoot length, root length, plant height, chlorophylls a, chlorophylls b, total chlorophylls and root activity of rice treated with cell free supernatant dilution of Lx-11 were investigated. The HPLC-MS methods were established for the determination of bioactive substances including auxin, abscisic acid, gibberellin and spermidine in suspension of Lx-11 strain filtrated with fiber filters. Results showed that different cell free supernatant dilutions of strain Lx-11 could promote seed germination and seedling growth of rice. The growth promoting effect was varied with the dilution times, with the dilution increased: the role of promoting growth was first increased and then decreased, in which the 100 times dilution was the most significant impact on the morphology and physiological indicators of rice seeds and seedlings, while the dilution of 200 times, the promoting effect reduced. The contents of chlorophyll in leaves and the root activity of plant were increased in different degrees after spraying the different dilutions. The highest was treated by the 100 times dilution, increased by 45.97% in chlorophyll a, 49.62% in chlorophyll b, 46.95% in total chlorophyll and 225.43% in root activity, respectively. The supernatant of Lx-11 containing IAA, GAs, ABA and Spermidine, were 1200 ng·mL-1, 75.5 ng·mL-1, 3130 ng·mL-1 and 811ng·mL-1 respectively, detected in the supernatant of strain Lx-11 by a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In general, B. amyloliquefaciens strain Lx-11 could significantly improve the growth and development of rice plant, and the promotion substance presents mainly in the supernatant. This research provides a theoretical basis for the efficient application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Lx-11 in the field of microbial pesticides.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(6): 1239-1247. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.06.1239In order to get a comprehensive understanding of soil quality of agricultural production bases in Li Shui, both unidirectional index and inner merlot index methods were used to evaluate soil fertility and environmental quality of vegetable and tea bases. Results showed that total N and available K were sufficient in vegetable and tea bases, however, over-accumulated P and acidic conditions could be the problems in both bases, which were 162 mg.kg-1, 4.39 and 106 mg.kg-1, 3.77, respectively. The total N, available K and activities of phosphatase and urease of vegetable base were all higher than those of tea base, while the reverse was true for the soil microbial population. The soil pollutants, namely Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, As, Hg, 666 and DDT, in vegetable and tea base were all below the secondary standard of national soil environmental quality. Cd and Pb as potential polluted factors were observed in both bases. The integrated pollution evaluation index of vegetable and tea bases was 0.57 and 0.42, respectively. Heavy metals in the irrigation water and fertilizers from both bases were all lower than the national standard, and no contamination were found in the vegetable and tea samples in both bases. All of above monitoring results showed that vegetable and tea bases in Li Shui were at a clean level. This study integrated soil fertility and soil environmental quality into soil quality evaluation index system, providing a scientific basis for the comprehensive management of soil quality.
