10 April 2018, Volume 32 Issue 4
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 625-632. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0625To ide.pngy the irradiation effects of 60Co-γ ray on flower and leaf characters,fruit qualities of chestnut and suitable dose, the main cultivated varieties of chestnut Yanshanzaofeng grafts in local varieties were tested. The grafts were treated with seven different levels of 60Co-γ dose at 0、 15、 20、 25、30、 35、40Gy. Survival ratio, characteristic variation of leaves and flowers, photosynthesis parameters of chestnut leaves, fruit single-grain weight and fruit qualities were examined to study the biological effects on chestnut grafts with 60CO-γ irradiation. The result showed that grafting survival rate decreased as the irradiation dose increased, and the survival rate dropped to 0 when the irradiation dose was more than 30Gy. According to the fitting equation of irradiation dose and survival rate, the LD50 dose of chestnut graft was 20.26Gy, irradiation by 60CO-γ led the male flowers increased, the leaf enlarged, leaf curled, leaf photosynthetic rate increased, fruit single-grain weight increased, and fat, soluble sugar, protein and amylose content which affecting the fruit quality increased. The study provided a certain theory basis to cultivate the high photosynthetic efficiency and high quality chestnut varieties by irradiation mutation breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 633-638. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0633Magnetic field-free space mutagenesis is a breeding method of analog space zero magnetic field on the ground. To study the effect of magnetic field-free space mutagenesis on growth characteristics of alfalfa, four alfalfa cultivars were used as experimental materials, the seed vigor was determined, and agronomic characters and physiological indexes of contemporary plants were studied after treatment by magnetic field-free space mutagenesis for 180 days. The results showed that the seed germination was obviously inhibited by magnetic field-free space mutagenesis treatment, while the influences on seedling length and root length varied among different varieties. What's move, magnetic field-free space mutagenesis treatment showed different influences on the agronomical characteristics among these four varieties for Xunlu and Longmu806, the plant height were inhibited, while for Zhaodong and Aohan alfalfa, the plant height were promoted. The branch number and biomass production of all alfalfa varieties were also promoted, but the stem-leaf ratio showed the downward trend, and there were no obvious effects on dry-fresh ratio. After treating with magnetic field-free space mutagenesis, the peroxidase (POD) activities of all alfalfa leaves were increased. The activity changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and hydrogen peroxidase (CAT) were different among different varieties. There was no obvious effect on concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). That indicated the induced mutation was dependent on the varietyies. The magnetic field-free space mutagenesis treatment can improve agronomic traits of contemporary alfalfa, and provide technical reference for the good offspring mutant strain breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 639-645. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0639
In order to explore Gynura bicolor correlated genes in biosynthesis pathway of anthocynidin under the normal conditions, this study selected all part of Gynura bicolor as experimental materials, the transcriptome of Gynura bicolor was sequenced by Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. 29 Unigenes related to anthocyanidin were obtainded by 3 databases including GO, Swiss-Prot and NR, which belonged to 4 kinds of genes involved 17 anthocyanidin relevant glucosyltransferases,3 anthocyanidin relevant acyltransferases, 6 anthocyanidin relevant reductases and 3 leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenases. The clustering analysis from 29 anthocyanidin Unigenes containing 4 kins of genes showed that anthocyanin acyltransferases had the closest relationship, followed by leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase anthocyanin acyltransferases, then anthocyanin relevant reductases,and the genetic relation among anthocyanidin relevant glucosyltransferases is the farthest.The 29 unigenes related to anthocyanins biosynthesis are helpful for further research to anthocyanin biosynthesis process and gene cloning from Gynura bicolor.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 646-653. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0646To investigate sequence characterristics and expression features of the Brassica oleracea var. italica NAC transcription factor gene, in this study, broccoli was used as the experimental materials a NAC transcription factor gene designated BoNAC1 was isolated Brassica oleracea var. italica by using PCR method, and analyzed by Real-time quantitative PCR to clarify its expression patterns inoculationd by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Plasmodiophora brassicae. The results indicated that the BoNAC1 contained two introns and their lengthis 1 832 bp and 670 bp respectively, and encoded 344 amino acids with a NAM domain. The results of phylogenetic tree indicated BoNACl has a close relationship with NACs from other Brassica plants, and they grouped with NACs from other Cruciferae plants, however, a far relationship was observed between BoNAC1 and NACs from Leguminosae and Rosaceae plants, and they clustered in different clades. Expression analysis revealed BoNAC1 was induced by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and the highest expression levels were detected after 12 h and 24 h incubation, and the fold changes were 6.26 and 7.03 as high as that of the control; Furthermore, the expression of BoNAC1 also induced by Plasmodiophora brassicae, and the highest expression levels were observed after 15 d and 20 d incubation, and the fold changes were 4.23 and 4.11 as compared to the control, indicting that this gene was involved in response to both Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Plasmodiophora brassicae interactions. Cloning and expression analysis of BoNAC1 in this study, which can provide the theoretical basis for understanding the gene function idenfication and its application in the future.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 654-664. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0654In order to further understand the survival condition and evolution of Z. l.pngolia in China, seven SSR markers were used for genetic diversity and genetic structure analysis of 26 wild populations from the Middle-East China. The results of POPGENE analysis showed that there was rich genetic diversity among the wild species (PPB=92.19%, Ao=1.922, Ae =1.454, He=0.274, I=0.422, Gst=0.673) and the genetic similarity coefficient and genetic distance were between 0.5569~0.9981 and 0.0019~0.5854, respectively. With the genetic structure analysis, 26 populations were divided into three groups and there was no significant association between the phylogenetic relationship and the geographic locations in the Z. l.pngolia populations. The evolution analysis showed that 26 populations were separated from the same ancestor into two branches. This study deepens our understanding about the genetic evolution of Z. l.pngolia in the Middle-East China and provides certain theoretical basis for protection of the wild rice germplasm resource.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 665-672. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0665In order to observe expressions of LsAMT1 in lettuce treated by TiO2/ZnO nanomaterials, the full-length cDNA of AMT1 was cloned using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and rapid-amplification of cDNA ends(RACE). The results showed that the open reading frame of LsAMT1 is 1 533 bp, which encoded a polypeptide of 510 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 54.36 kD. It has the highly conserved featured sequence of AMT1 family DFAGSGVVHMVGGIAGLWGALIEGPR showed as high as 93% homology to AMT1 in Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that LsAMT1 was expressed only in the roots of lettuce, and the expression level of LsAMT1 in the whole growth period showed a tendency of increasing first and then decreasing. The expression of AMT1 in roots of lettuce treated with nanomaterials was significantly higher than that of control at the middle and late growth stage, indicating that the expression of this gene was related to nanomaterials. The present study might provide a significant foundation for further studies on molecular mechanism of nitrogen absorption and use of lettuce treated by TiO2/ZnO nanomaterials.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 673-680. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0673In order to select a suitable DNA barcode for ide.pngication of Sciaenidae, seventy-one individuals, including Larimichthy crocea, Larimichthy polyactis, Nibea albiflor and Collichthy lucusus, were analyzed in this study. Three kinds of mitochondrion genes, COI, 16S rRNA and D-loop, were amplified and sequenced. Inter-specific and intra-specific divergence, barcoding gap and sequence diversity were compared among these four species. The results showed that three candidates could be used to ide.pngy Larimichthy crocea, Larimichthy polyactis, Nibea albiflor and Collichthy lucusus. COI and D-loop sequences were suitable for ide.pngying these four species, 16S rRNA had some deficiencies while some DNA barcode regions of 16S rRNA and D-loop sequences might be better candidates than the COI universal sequence. Considering primer versatility, the COI gene was recommended as the optimum DNA barcode. The study provided an important reference for the rapid ide.pngication of marine fish.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 681-689. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0681In order to further understand the pathogenic mechanism of Verticillium dahliae, this study used V. dahliae strain with green fluorescent protein as materials, the infection process and the defense response induced in Arabidopsis thaliana was studied. The results showed that V. dahliae could infect A. thaliana, colonized in root surface at 6 h after inoculation, reached cortex at 2~3 d, arrived in vascular tissues at 9 d, then expanded rapidly, finished colonization at 11 d after inoculation, caused symptoms of Verticillium wilt. During the infection process, V. dahliae could induce production of callose and H2O2, and increase the activity of the defense-related enzymes in the A. thaliana. The characteristics of defense response in plants are obvious. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the research on the pathogenic mechanism of V. dahliae.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 690-699. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0690To investigate the effects of exogenous NO on the pigment synthesis and fiber development of cotton, the ovule of cotton of a brown fiber line and a white fiber line, after anthesis for two days were cultured in vitro, cotton and the cotton fiber cultured in vitro was treated by sodium nitroprussiate (NO donor,SNP), the physiological and biochemical indexes in fiber development and the expression of genes related to pigment synthesis were measured. The results showed that 100 μmol·L-1SNP treatment increased the fresh weight of ovule in brown cotton and the elongation of white cotton fiber. DMACA staining showed that proanthocyanidin (PAs) were distributed in the ovule, testa and fiber of brown cotton, while was found only in the testa of white cotton. Exogenous NO promoted the synthesis of total flavonoids and PAs in ovule fibers of white cotton and brown cotton, but inhibited the synthesis of cellulose in brown cotton.The key enzyme genes of pigment (GhCHS、GhF3H、GhDFR、GhANS、GhANR) in the whole process declined in vitro, but the treatment by SNP increased the expression of genes in brown cotton. Exogenous NO promoted the expression of GhTT12 in brown cotton and could inhibit the expression of GhExp1 at early stage of fiber development (10 DAC, 15 DAC) in brown cotton, while promoted the expression of GhExp1 in white cotton. This study provided a reference for further studies on the pigment synthesis and fiber development of cotton under exogenous NO.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 700-707. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0700To investigate the antagonistic mechanism of a novel a.pngungalmycin N2 against Rhizoctonia solani. The effects of a.pngungalmycin N2 crude extracton on the cell membrane composition, antioxidant enzyme activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and lipid peroxidation of R. Solani were investigated. By using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), spectrophotometry (SP) and fluorescence microscopy (FM). Results showed that the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased significantly, and the fluorescence intensity was increased rapidly under the treatment with a.pngungalmycin N2 crude extract; Low concentration of a.pngungalmycin N2 crude extract could availably activate the antioxidant defense system, and the antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, POD, PAL and PPO) was significantly inhibited and the antioxidant function was decreased significantly with the increasing concentration of a.pngungalmycin N2 crude extract; In the group treated with high concentration of a.pngungalmycin N2 crude extract treatment group, the mycelium of ergosterol synthesis inhibition rate was about 80%, and the structure of cell membrane. In conclusion, the a.pngungalmycin N2 crude extract could significantly inhibit the ergosterol synthesis, destroy the cell membrane, lead to the lipid peroxidation, and cause oxidative damage by massive accumulation of reactive oxygen species ROS, resulting in loss of the antioxidant function in R. solani. The results of this study will provide theoretical guidance for the application of new a.pngungal agent a.pngungalmycin N2 in biological control.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 708-714. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0708Glu-B1x7, a high molecular glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), in wheat gain was highly related with processing quality. In order to clarify the effect of Glu-B1x7 on the processing quality of weak-gluten wheat,genotypes with Glu-B1x deletion were created under the background of Ningmai 9. As a result, C/G to T/A transition was observed at position 514 of coding sequence in Glu-B1xnull gene,which resulted in one new TAA stop codon,and consequently Glu-B1x deletion. Contrast wild-type Ningmai 9, no significant differences were observed in kernel hardness and protein content in Glu-B1x deletion lines, while water solvent retention capacity (WSRC) and lactic acid solvent retention capacity (LASRC) decreased. Significant lower content of HMW-GS, and lower ratio of HMW to LMW,and mixograph mixing time were also showed in Glu-B1x deletion lines. Subsequently,Glu-B1x deletion lines produced larger cookie diameter than wild-type Ningmai 9. This study showed that Glu-B1xnull could improve the weak-gluten wheat processing quality under the Ningmai 9 background, which could be used to breed high qualty weak-qulten wheat.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 715-722. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0715In order to explore the effect of antimicrobial package with thymol on quality and physiological changes of blueberry, the Bright blueberry were packaged by using thymol/polylactic acid as antimicrobial material, and stored in a low temperature environment. Ordinary PE material was chosen as control. The capability of fresh-keeping based on sense, nutritional quality, fresh rate and antioxidant enzymes activity were investigated to evaluate the preservation effect evaluation of the antimicrobial packaging. As a result, antimicrobial package can significantly decreased the decay incidence of blueberry under 0℃ and all the fruits were good even after 36 days, while it can be maintained only for 18 d using PE packaging. The antimicrobial package could maintain higher soluble solid content and fruit firmness, reduce the loss of anthocyanins, total phenolics and Vc. At the same time, it could effectively control the decrease of activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as CAT and SOD, and the increase of PPO activity. However, it was inferior to the traditional PE material in inhibiting fruit weight loss. This study demonstrated that thymol/polylactic acid antibacterial package had good application prospect in postharvest storage of blueberry. In addition, the results provided theoretical basis for the application of this package on fresh-keeping.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 723-731. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0723In order to investigate the interaction mechanism between protein and polysaccharide, soybean protein isolate (SPI)-chitosan (CS) system was selected as the research object, and FS, UV-vis and FT-IR methods were used to study the interaction between them. Results showed that CS exhibited a quenching effect on the fluorescence of SPI through a static quenching mechanism. The static quenching constants were 0.45×103 L·mol-1and 0.26×103 L·mol-1, at 25℃ and 35℃, and the number of binding sites were 1.38 and 1.27,respectively. During the process of interaction, both ΔH and ΔS were lower to 0, indicating that the main forces were hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces, the peak position of the synchronous fluorescence spectra and UV absorption spectra didn’t change with the addition of CS, it turned out that CS. In addition, CS did not change the molecular structure of SPI, and the microenvironment of tyrosine and tryptophan residues in SPI had no significant change. The disappearance of 1 653 cm-1and 1 532 cm-1absorption peaks of SPI, and 1587 cm-1absorption peak of CS demonstrated that electrostatic interaction force existed between the two compounds. This study provided a theoretical basis and reference for the application of protein and polysaccharide in food industry.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 732-739. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0732To investigate control effects on maize mould and mycotoxin, and the physicochemical quality of maize during their storage, the anti-mildew effect of the mixtures of essential oils (Cinnamaldehyde∶Citral∶Eugenol∶Menthol, 3∶3∶2∶2, v/v/v/v) towards commercial maize, which was naturally stored for 1 year, was investigated. The synergistic effect was compared with the blank control group and propionic acid treated group. The results indicated that the changes of colony count showed a increasing trend at first and then decreased in the blank control group. On the 240th day of storage, the total number of colonies reached to the maximum value of 1 449.33 cfu·g-1. The inhibition rate of plant essential oils on the total number of fungi was 89.0%, significantly higher than that of propionic acid group (71.7%). After treatment of essential oils, the colonies of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium were decreased by 99.4% and 100.0%, respectively. In the group of propionic acid, the strains were decreased by 82.6% and 100.0%, respectively .The common mycotoxins were AFB1 and DON reached the biggest accumulation on the 240th day of storage; with the treatment of essential oils, concentrations of AFB1 and DON were decreased by 90.6% and 66.0%, respectively. Germination rate of maize can be retained stably by essential oil fungicide. After treatment of essential oils, it would be about 85.0% on the 360th day of storage, while it was only 61.3% and 25.8% in black control group and propionic acid treated group, respectively. Meanwhile, essential oil can inhibit the spoilage of maize, in which it was only about 35.2 mg KOH·100 g-1, much less than the blank control group and propionic acid treated group. In summary, their synergistic effect of essential oils on the prevention and control of fungi infection and mycotoxins contamination was stronger than the treatment of propionic acid. The results of this study indicated that essential oil could be an efficient and quality fungicide with wide-spread applicability.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 740-750. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0740In order to optimize the preparation process conditions of peanut protein antibacterial peptides with ultrasonic assisted enzymatic hydrolysis method, the low temperature-pressed peanut protein powder was chosen as the raw material, single factor experiments and response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design were used to investigate the effects of antibacterial peptides complexes from enzymatic hydrolysis reaction on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) radical scavenging rate and the inhibiting bacterium circle of E. coli. The results showed that the optimum conditions obtained were as follows, substrate concentration, initial pH value, enzyme dosage, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic frequency, enzymolysis temperature and enzymolysis time of 10%, 8.0, 2.4 A·100 mL-1, 210 w, 45 kHz, 47℃ and 44 min, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the model predictive DPPH radical scavenging rate and the inhibiting bacterium circle diameter of antibacterial peptides complexes were 39.82% and 1.77 cm, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging rate in verification experiment could reach 46.41%±2.10%, which was much larger than the predictive value (39.82%). At the same time, the inhibiting bacterium circle diameter of verification experiment was 1.70±0.04 cm, which was close to the model predictive value (1.77 cm). The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the study of separation, purification, bioactivity, structure-function relationship and molecular modification of peanut antibacterial peptides.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 751-759. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0751To investgate the response differences and mechanisms of different peanut varieties (lines) to soil acidification stress. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the differences in peanut yields, agronomic characteristics and calcium (Ca) uptake among 19 varieties (lines) under acidified soil (pH value 4.2) and normal soil (pH value 6.0). Results showed soil acidification stress caused the significant decrease in plant Ca content for the most peanut varieties (lines), the average peanut Ca content in the acidified soil was decreased by 0.18 percent point compared to the normal soil. Ca accumulation of plant reproductive parts (peg, shell and kernel) were significantly decreased by soil acidification stress, however there were no significant decreases in average Ca accumulation for the whole plant or vegetative parts (root, stem and leaf) in the acidified soil compared to the normal soil. Soil acidification stress mainly restrained the Ca uptake in peg and pod of peanut but exerted less effect on Ca uptake in root. In addition, Ca use efficiencies in pod and kernel were significantly decreased under soil acidification stress. Plant dry matter weight was increased by 31.2% in the acidified soil compared to the normal soil. Soil acidification stress induced the overgrowth of the vegetative parts and peg and shell but kernel weight was significantly decreased. Soil acidification stress caused the worse pod characteristics that the shelling percentage and sterile grain rate was decreased by 45.5 and 55.5 percent points in the acidified soil , respectively, compared to the normal soil. Meanwhile, the 100-pod weight and pod yield were decreased by 70.2% and 60.4%, respectively. Three types of varieties (acid resistant, medium and sensitivity) were defined according to the acid resistant coefficients, which varied from 0.002 to 0.548 among the 19 varieties (lines). The two varieties of L2010 and Huayu32 were classified as the acid resistant type. Moreover, the acid resistant coefficient had extremely significantly positive correlations with some indexes under soil acidification stress, including pod yield, shelling percentage, kernel Ca content, pod Ca use efficiency and kernel Ca use efficiency. However acid resistant coefficient had extremely negative correlation with sterile grain rate under soil acidification stress. This study provides a theoretical basis for peanut breeding with acid resistant variety and high-yield cultivation in acidified soil.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 760-770. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0760In order to explore the technological approaches and its physiological and ecological mechanism for alleviating the damage of low temperature during panicle primordium differentiation stage, super hybrid early rice variety Ganxin 203 was used as test material,treatments were set to assess the effects of different irrigation methods and water layer depth on correlated temperature, physiological characteristics and yield formation in double-season early rice under low temperature conditions during panicle primordium differentiation stage. The 1 st treatment was draining during day and irrigating 4-5 cm water layer depth at night (H1). The 2nd treatment was draining during day and irrigating 8-10 cm water layer depth at night (H2). The 3rd treatment was 8-10 cm water layer depth day and night (H3). The 0-1 cm water layer depth day and night was as the control group (CK). The results showed that rice leaf temperature, soil layer temperature and canopy temperature under the different irrigation methods and water layer depth treatments were higher than CK, and the warming effect of treatment H2 was the best during the low temperature period. Leaf chlorophyll content(SPAD), net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate(Tr), leaf stomatal conductance(Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) of rice plants decreased gradually with the treatments under the low temperature, while the smallest reduction range was the treatment H2. During the low temperature period, the increase range for the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in treatment H2 were lower than other treatments, while its decrease range for the activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) was the lowest during the low temperature period. The increase range of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content in treatment H2 were lower than other treatments, while its soluble protein content was the highest. There were yield-increasing effects for the all irrigation measures of the heat preservation treatments and that the treatment H2 was the best. Yield of the first sowing date in 2014 year and second sowing date in 2015 year encountering low temperature obviously in treatment H2 increased by 5.66% and 4.80% compared to CK, respectively. It could be found from the yield components including the effective panicle numbers per plant, panicle length, seed setting rate and 1000-grain mass were improved for the all treatments compared to CK. Overall, the application of draining during day and irrigating 8-10 cm water layer depth at night was the most effective agronomic measure to enhance the tolerance to low temperature during panicle primordium differentiation stage for double-season hybrid early rice.The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for the development of agronomic techniques to resist the low temperature of rice during panicle primordium differentiation stage.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 771-778. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0771In order to investigate the physiological effects of paclobutrazol on soybean growing in zinc-chromium contaminated soils, the nutrient, zinc chromium absorption and antioxidant enzyme system of soybean seed soaking with different concentrations(0, 100, 250, 400, 600 mg·L-1) of paclobutrazol were studied by a pot experiment. The results showed that the effects of paclobutrazol on the accumulation of N and P in soybean organs were not significant, but the appropriate concentration of paclobutrazol could increase the accumulation of K; 250 mg·L-1 soaking of paclobutrazol could increase the accumulation of Zn and Cr in soybean underground part(root and nodule), and reduce the accumulation in overground part(stems and leaves). Appropriate concentration of paclobutrazol could enhance soybean antioxidant enzyme activities and significantly decrease the content of MDA. In summary, soybean growing in zinc and chromium contaminated soil under the treatment of appropriate concentration of paclobutrazol could reduce the accumulation of Zn and Cr of overground part, increase the accumulation of Zn and Cr of underground part, improve nutrient absorption capacity and antioxidant enzyme activities, and alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidation damage by heavy metals Zn and Cr. But the effects of different paclobutrazol concentrations on the heavy metal absorption and physiological characteristics in soybean organs were different, and the treatment with 250 mg·L-1 soaking concentration had the best comprehensive effect. This study provides a scie.pngic basis for the safe production of soybean growing in heavy metals contaminated soil by the soaking of paclobutrazol.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 779-787. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0779In order to investigate the effect of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on the quality of machine-transplanted hybrid rice, the randomized block field experiment with seven nitrogen fertilizer treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4,T5, T6 and CK) was implemented to compare the milling, appearance, and starch rapid visciosity analyzer (RVA) characteristics of F You 498. The results showed as follows: Nitrogen treatment had significant effects on the quality of grain in different spikelet positions. Compared with ordinary urea fertilization (T1), the milled rice rate and breakdown value of optimum urea fertilization treatment (T2) at the upper spikelet position and the middle spikelet position were increased by 2.38% and 9.32%, respectively; and the head rice rate of the mixed use of slow-release fertilizers (T3) and resin-coated urea applied as base fertilizer (T4) at the lower spikelet position were increased by 4.35% and 5.15%, respectively.Further more mixed use of slow-release fertilizers and urea (T6) improved the head rice rate of grains in each part of the panicle, and also remarkably decreased the setback viscosity and gelatinization temperature of grain at the middle and upper spikelet positions. In the seven nitrogen treatments, T2, T6 and controlled-release fertilizer treatments (T3, T4, and T5) obviously improved both milling and appearance qualities of grains. Compared to T1, 2.88%, 3.86% and 3.24% improvements in milled rice rate were observed by T3, T4, and T5, respectively. In addition, T2 and T6 increased the milled rice rate of grains by 2.74% and 2.61%, while compared to T1.The peak viscosity followed the order of CK>T2>T1>T6>T3>T5>T4. The relationships of breakdown viscosity followed the order of CK>T1>T6>T2>T5>T4>T3, while the setback viscosity was accorded with the order of T3>T5>T4>T6>T2>T1>CK. Then, the rice of CK, T1, T2 and T6 had a better cooking and eating quality. Optimized urea application (T2: the ratio of base fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer: spikelet promoting fertilizer: spikelet preserving fertilizer was 3∶2∶2∶3) and mixed use of slow-release fertilizers and urea (T6∶135 kgohm-2 mixed slow-release applied as base fertilizer and 45 kgohm-2 urea applied as tillering fertilizer) could harmonize the relationship among milling quality, appearance quality, and starch RVA profiles, which might be feasible methods for high quality cultivation of rice. This study provides a theoretical reference for the application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer in the high quality production of hybrid indica rice.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 788-794. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0788The objective of this study was to evaluate the heat tolerance of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) at flowering and boll-forming stage, to screen suitable indicators of heat-tolerance, and to construct the mathematical evaluation model on heat tolerance. 13 upland cotton genotypes were treated under high temperature condition in greenhouse at flowering and boll-forming stage. Six traits, style length, lint percentage, pregnant seed rate, boll weight, boll rate and pollen germination rate were investigated. The heat tolerance of the tested cultivars was evaluated by the method of principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and stepwise regression analysis, based on the construction of heat stress tolerance index. The results of principal component analysis indicated that the six characteristics investigated could be classified into four independent comprehensive components. The 13 cotton genotypes were divided into three heat-tolerance types based on the hierarchical cluster analysis. The mathematical evaluation model for heat stress tolerance was established, D=0.145+0.180x1+0.400x3+0.229x4+0.125x5+0.095x6. Five indices closely related to thermostability, loose powder rate, lint percentage, pregnant seed rate, boll weight, and boll rate were screened. The present study would be useful for the assessment of the heat tolerance of cotton germplasm resources and cultivars at the flowering and boll-forming stage.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 795-801. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0795To evaluate the pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resistance, screen PHS resistant wheat cultivars, and explore an efficient, simple and rapid ide.pngication method of PHS resistance, the germination percentage (GP) of spike, the falling numbers (FN) and the stirring numbers (SN) were measured in the new wheat cultivars from middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river in this study. The results indicated that the GP was found to be highly significant negative correlated with FN and SN. FN and SN can be used as an effective method to evaluate the PHS resistance of wheat. SN was significantly positive associated with FN, and the correlation coefficient was as high as 0.957. In view of the shorter test time, less sample consumption and larger variability of SN test, it was more accurate to ide.pngy the varieties with little PHS difference. Cluster analysis results showed that, white wheat Emai170 and Xiangmai35, red wheat Ningmai19, Ningmai21, Xinmai8811, Wanximai0638 and Ningmai23 were susceptive to PHS, with the highest GP value 62.36%, FN<150 s, SN<100 cp;Yangmai25, Yangmai23,Yangfumai101, Yangmai16, Sukemai1, Yangmai20, Ningmai22, Zhenmai10 and Yangmai21 showed higher resistance to PHS, which the GP value was less than 1%, FN>250 s, SN>900 cp. Other varieties were moderately resistant to PHS. In conclusion, the SN test is an efficient way to ide.pngy the PHS resistance, and the SN value above 900 cp can be used as a criterion of PHS resistance. Results of this study provide a scie.pngic basis for the ide.pngication of germplasm resourses of PHS resistance in wheat breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 802-808. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0802To investigate influence of rice and frogs planting on enzymatic activities and main nutrient contents (N, P and K) in paddy field, rice variety of Jiahe 218 and frog of Hoplobatrachus chinensis were employed in this study. Related enzymatic activities and contents of N, P and K were measured at interval during planting process. The field treated with chemical fertilizers was used as control. Results showed that, during frog culture of 10 to 90 days, catalase activity in treated field reduced continuously, while in control field catalase activity increased initially and then decreased afterward. Meanwhile, activities of urease, acid phosphatase and neutral phosphatase in activity of treated field increased gradually but urease activity in control field decreased continually. However, invertase activity in both fields increased at initial stage and then decreased. A continuous increase in activity of dehydrogenase and decrease in activity of alkaline phosphatase was observed in both groups. There was no instinct difference for alkaline phosphatase activity in treated and control field (P>0.05) during 10~60 days. In addition, after 90 days plants, alkaline phosphatase activities in treated field increased significantly and were much higher(P<0.05)than those in control group. Total N, total P and total K contents in treated field were significant (P<0.05) lower than those in control group at 10~60 days, but obviously higher than those in control at 90 days. Activities of many related enzymes and contents of total soluble N, P and K in treated field were significant (P<0.05) lower than those in the control group at 10~60 days. Our results indicated that, after 90 days plantings of rice and frogs, enzymatic activities and total nutrient contents were increased with the accumulation of frog manure. In conclusion, this study provides a new theoretical guidance for nutrient management of rice and frog eco-planting in paddy field.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 809-816. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0809This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rumen protected fat on nutrient apparent digestibility and nitrogen retention in steers. Four Jinnan steers(with body weight 476±60 kg,4.5 years of age) with permanent rumen fistulas were assigned at a 3×4 factorial arrangement of treatment, the diet protein concentration was designed at 3 levels of 85%, 100% and 115% of times maintenance nutrient levels supplemented with rumen protected fat at 4 levels of 0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% DMI, then there were 12 diets in all, determine nutrient apparent digestibilities, nitrogen retention rate and blood biochemical indexes. The results showed as follows: 1)The CP apparent digestibility in group 8 was very significantly higher than that in groups 2, were significantly higher than that in groups 3 and 4, and the CP apparent digestibility in groups 7 and 10 were significantly higher than that in group 2; the EE apparent digestibility in groups 4, 7, 8, 11 and 12 increased very significantly than in groups 1, 2, 5 and 9, the EE apparent digestibility in groups 3, 6 and 10 increased very significantly than in groups 1, 2,5 and 9;the NFE apparent digestibility in groups 8 and 10 increased significantly than in group 11; the NDF apparent digestibility in group 8 was significantly higher than that of group 11. 2)The N retention rate in groups 1, 5, 6, 8 and 11 were significantly higher than in group 12. 3)The ATGL content in group 10 rose significantly than in group 6, the INS content in groups 3, 4, 5, 2 and 7 rose very significantly than in group 8. The GC content in groups 1 and 2 rose significantly than in groups 9 and 11. The GH content in group 7 rose significantly than in groups 2, 4, 5, 9, 10 and 11. In conclusion,the optimum rumen protected fat supplemental levels under the standard protein condition are 5.0%.The study provided a certain basis in supplementation rumen protected fat for beef cattle production and top grade beef production.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 817-824. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0817The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of transfer factor (TF) on immune function in broilers. An aliguot of 120 one-day-old healthy Cobb-500 male broilers were randomly divided into six equal groups of five replicates and 4 birds per replicate, namely control group and TF Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ groups. At 7 days of age, broilers from control and TF groups were inoculated with newcastle disease vaccine and different volume of 2 mg·mL-1 TF extract by intramuscular injection, respectively. The results showed that the production performance of broilers from TF groups was better than the control group. The relative weights of thymus and bursa of fabricius were obviously increased when compared to the control (P<0.05). Histologically, the lymphocytes closely arranged in the thymus and bursa of fabricius, but the spleen had no difference among these groups. Moreover, TF could significantly increase the percentage of T cell subsets, antibody titer and the phagocytosis of macrophage. These results indicated that when broilers were injected 0.4~0.6 mg dose of TF at 7 days of age, the production performance, the development of immune organs and immunity will be enhanced. The results of this study provide useful information for the clinical veterinary and animal breeding, and a theoretical basis for further study on TF.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(4): 825-831. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0825In order to study the influence of different additive amount of mixed bacteria on internal environment of rumen, mixed bacteria was added in diet of cow (live bacteria number of facultative cellulose bacteria L5; live bacteria number of facultative azotobacter LC-5 = 4∶1) in this experiment. One control group (CK) and five test groups (4.0×107, 4.0×108 , 4.0×109 , 4.0×1010 and 4.0×1011 CFU·L-1) are included in this study. The fermentation last for 48 h. The indexes of NH3-N, microbial crude protein (MCP), pH value and so on of in vitro fermentation were measured at 12 h and 48 h, respectively. The result showed that the gas production of each test group had an increased trend. At 12 h, the contents of NH3-N and MCP in 4.0×1010 CFU·L-1 group were significantly higher than those in control group. The other fermentation indexes of control group were significantly lower than the 4.0×1010 CFU·L-1 group (P<0.05). The propionic acid and butyric acid content of 4.0×1010 CFU·L-1 group were significantly higher than other test groups (P<0.05). And 4.0×1010 CFU·L-1 group was a little higher than other groups in value of acetic acid, total volatile acid, MCP, NH3-N content and filter paper enzyme activity (P<0.05). At 48 h, the fermentation indexes of 4.0×1010 CFU·L-1 group were higher than control group (P<0.05), except the content of butyric acid, the pH value and filter paper enzyme activity. The content of acetic acid,propionic acid, butyric acid, total volatile acid,methane and NH3-N were on the rise with the addition amount raising, and there was no difference between 4.0×1010 CFU·L-1 group and 4.0×1011 CFU·L-1 group. In summary, the group of 4.0×1010 CFU·L-1 was the best addition on improving rumen environment. This study provides a theoretical support for the application of cellulose decomposing bacteria and azotobacter used in ruminal production.
