10 February 2018, Volume 32 Issue 2
    

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    Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
  • LI Bo, WANG Rong, ZHAO Linshu, LIU Luxiang, ZHANG Wenying, XU Yanhao
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 209-215. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0209
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    Dry seeds of barley were implanted by 5 different doses (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 Gy) of 7Li ion beam to investigate the grain shape, quality and genetic variation in M5 generation. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to assess quality of 4 184 M5 mutants. Automatic seed analyzer was used to measure the grain shape of the mutants. Fourteen ISSR primers were used to detect the genetic variations in the mutants. The results showed that each dose 7Li ion beam could induce a broad variation in grain shape and quality. The highest variation coefficient of grain shape was obtained with 30 Gy dose treatment and the highest variation coefficient of grain quality was obtained with 50 Gy dose treatment. The maximum grain circumference variation increased 29.15%, reached to 36.68 mm, the largest variation coefficient is 3.59%. The maximum grain length variation increased 33.39%, reached to 15.74 mm, the largest variation coefficient is 3.88%. The maximum grain width variation increased by 21.29%, reached to 5.07 mm, the largest variation coefficient is 6.34%. The protein content in the mutant lines ranged from 25.40% to 8.51%, the highest content increased 90.55%, and the lowest declined 36.16%. The highest starch content in the mutant lines was 57.04, increased 13.63% and the lowest content was only 39.62%, declined 21.08%. ISSR analysis showed the genetic variation frequency was 1.92%. A novel band was detected in the 30 Gy treatment group, and a missing band was detected in the 50 Gy treatment group. This study has created novel germplasms for the improvement of barley grain shape and quality, also provided insight into using 7Li ion beam on barley mutation breeding.
  • LIN Tianzi, SUN Liting, JING Dedao, QIAN Huafei, YU Bo, ZENG Shengyuan, LI Chuang, GONG Hongbing
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 216-226. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0216
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    Mapping and cloning of genes related to leaf color play an important role in the analysis of the molecular mechanism of leaf color regulation. In this study, ygl14(t) (yellow green leaf mutant 14 temporary) was isolated from the offsprings of an early maturing late japonica variety. Phenotypic analysis showed that ygl14(t) mutant showed yellow green leaf throughout grown period . Compared with wild type, ygl14(t) had reduced chlorophyll content, aberrant chloroplast development and decreased net photosynthetic rate; and plant height, reduced number of effective panicles, and delayed growth period . Genetic analysis revealed that the yellow green leaf of ygl14(t) mutant was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, the mutant gene was mapped in a 40.8 kb region on chromosome 11 between marker D-6 and W1,containing six candidate genes. Sequencing analysis showed that the second base in the junction of the first intron and the second exon mutating from A into T in Os11g0153600, which encodes a chloroplast signal recognition particle 54 kD (cpSRP54) protein, cDNA sequencing analysis confirmed that at the end of the first intron no splicing occurred, there was a 119 bp nucleotides insertion in the coding region, which resulted in the forty-seventh amino acids starting mistranslation. Real-time PCR analysis showed that expression of genes associated with chloroplast development, chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthetic system were all up-regulated except rpoC2 was down-regulated and there was unchanged for HEME. The results showed that YGL14(t) affected chloroplast development and is possibly involved in both pigment metabolism and photosynthesis, which lays the foundation for molecular breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency.
  • LIANG Huizhen, DONG Wei, XU Lanjie, YU Yongliang, YANG Hongqi, TAN Zhengwei, XIA Wei, CHEN Xinwei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 227-235. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0227
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    In order to study hypocotyl trait under different NPK conditions at seedling stage in soybean, and dig gene resources and reveal the genetic mechanisms. A set of 447 recombinant inbred line (RIL) derived from a cross between Jindou23 (cultivar, female parent) and ZDD2315 (semi-wild, male parent) was used as materials in this study. Epistatic QTL effects and QTLx enviroment interactions were identified in soybean under three treatments: CK (nonfertilized condition), T1 (normal NPK fertilization conditions) and T2 (high fertilization conditions of 1.5NPK). The results showed twenty QTLs for hypocotyl length and weight were detected on 9 chromosomes of 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 16 and 20 using composite interval mapping (CIM) method in this study; the variations accounted for by one signle QTL ranged from 3.65% to 18.13%. Three and two pair of epistatic QTLs for hypocotyl length and weight was detected respectively non-major QTLs by Compressed mixed linear model (MCIM). The 9 and 10 chromosome contained some QTLs for hypocotyl length and weight in three treatments, and showed that additive effects, additive × environment interactions effects and additive × additive epistatic effects are important genetic factors for hypocotyl length and weight formation and inheritance. The results will give a significant reference for hypocotyl traits QTL mapping, map-based cloning and marker-assisted selection in soybean at the seedling stage, and provide theoretical guidance to fertilization time at seedling stage in soybean and NPK use efficiency in the practical production.
  • CHEN Jingdan, XU Feng, CHEN Wei, YANG Zhenfeng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 236-243. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0236
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    In order to explore the relationship between postharvest fruit softening and starch degradation, the effect of exogenous ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatments on starch degradation in ‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit were investigated. Results showed that, firmness and starch content in postharvest kiwifruit decreased during storage. Exogenous ethylene treatment promoted softening and starch degradation, while exogenous 1-MCP treatment could maintain higher firmness and starch content. The expression of AcAMY1, AcAMY3, AcBAM1, and AcABAM3 were significantly up-regulated by ethylene treatment and inhibited by 1-MCP treatment during storage. Meanwhile, exogenous 1-MCP treatment also inhibited the expression of AcLDA1, and maintained higher transcription levels of AcPWD and AcISA3 during storage. These results suggest that there is a positive correlation between kiwifruit softening and starch degradation during storage. Ethylene treatment inhibited the expression of AcPWD, which may accelerate starch phosphorylation and finally promoted in starch degradation and fruit softening. 1-MCP treatment could inhibit the glucan de-branching, which could efficiently delay starch degradation and alleviate kiwifruit softening during storage. These results provided a theoretical basis for revealing relationship between the mechanism of starch degradation and the process of softening in kiwifruit.
  • WANG Ruiyun, YANG Yang, WANG Haigang, CHEN Ling, WANG Lun, LU Ping, LIU Minxuan, QIAO Zhijun
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 244-256. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0244
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    To explicit the characteristics of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) gene and its response to drought stress, a NCED from common millet Huangmizi, named PmNCED1, was cloned and the characters of PmNCED1 protein were predicted. Results were shown as follows. PmNCED1 contains a 1284 bp open reading frame, encodes a 428-amino acid protein. The predicted protein belongs to carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases family and NCED subfamily domain, contains one amphipathic α-helix region of AA56-75 (-YARAACGLVDPSHGTGIANA-) and four conserved histidine residues. AA23-29 (-ARLRQER-) and AA284-290 (-TGRSTRR-) were predicted as nuclear localization signal, AA400 was predicted as nuclear export signal. The deduced amino acid sequence of PmNCED1 protein shared 77%-96% sequence identity with that of other plants. PmNCED1 protein constituted of 4 α-helixs and 25 extended strands. Quantitative Real-time PCR result showed that expression of PmNCED1 increased with PEG stress time increasing. Under PEG-6000 stress, changes of physiological indicators together with volume of bulliform cell showed significant differences (P< 0.01). It suggests that PmNCED1 was related to PEG stress. This study provide a theoretical basis for enhancing the drought tolerance of other crops such as wheat, etc.
  • PENG Lyuchun, TAO Junfeng, DUAN Xiu'an, SONG Jie, XIE Weijia, GUAN Wenling, LI Shifeng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 257-265. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0257
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    In order to study mutagenic effect of colchicine on R. racemosum Franch., aseptic seedlings of Rhododendron racemosum Franch. cultured for 15 days were used to induce and detect polyploid. The results showed that: the highest morphologic mutant rate of 32% can be obtained with the following steps: immerse seedlings in 0.15% colchicine for 24 h, then culture the stem section without apex, and then select mutant plants among lateral axillary bud or adventitious buds differentrating from callus on the base of stem. The flow cytometer was used to identify mutant plant based on the result of morphologic screening. It is found that plantlets with thick leaf, distort leaf or thick stem are 50% probably polyploidy. The stoma of diploid is nearly round, while that of the mutant plant is oval. The short diameter and long diameter of stoma in mutant plants are larger than that in diploid plants, while the stoma number is less. Finally 141 plants are identified as tetraploid by flow cytometer. The results provide technical support and theoretical foundation for breeding new cultivar of Rhododendron by polyploidy induction.
  • WU Simeng, LIU Bing, JIANG Junxi, ZHOU Ying, YAN Mingfeng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 266-273. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0266
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    In order to explore the enrichment effect of different methods on citrus endophytic bacteria, the leaves and peels of Newhall Navel orange and Satsuma Mandarin were used as test materials, three methods for enriching the endophytic bacteria were compareed after extracting the macro genomic DNA of plant tissue and detecting the sequence on the Illumina HiSeq platform. The result showed that compared with the untreated control, three treatments can effectively enrich the endophytic bacteria. When the sample tissues were pre-treated with solution A (1.5% Macerozyme R-10 + 1.5% cellulase R-10 +8.55% sucrose), solution B (1.5% Macerozyme R-10 + 1.5% cellulose R-10 + 12.8% mannitol + 0.12% MES + 0.36% CaCl2·2H2O + 0.011% NaH2PO4) and solution C (8.55% sucrose) respectively, the proportion of chloroplast DNA to endophytic bacterial genomic DNA decreased, and the lowest chloroplast DNA proportion was obtained in the sample tissues treated with solution A or B. The chloroplast DNA proportion in endophytic bacterial genomic DNA of NNO leave and SM peel treated with solution A were 7.34% and 74.89% respectively, while that of NNO peel and SM leaves treated with Solution B were 36.07% and 9.65% respectively. Compared to the control, the number of OTU taxa and the amount of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes from the samples treated with three solutions increased, and more types of endogenous bacteria were identified. Three methods are effective at a certain level for the endogenous bacterial enrichment among which solution A or B treatment was the best, the endophytic bacteria were able to be enriched effectively and the interference of plant chloroplast decreased when the genomic DNA of bacteria from citrus was extracted. The results can provide reference for the research of the endophytic bacteria of citrus and other plant.
  • LU Guoqing, WANG Chunling, HAO Yuqiong, GUO Huiming, HUANG Yingjin, CHENG Hongmei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 274-282. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0274
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    In this study, the G10eve transgenic cotton was used to selected high resistance and stable inheritance lines in the lab and field for cultivating new glyphosate-resistant cotton. The results showed that the resistance level of transgenic cotton line 91 (L91) was evidently higher than line L152 (L152) after spraying different concentration of glyphosate at the cotyledon stage, and the resistance was stable. The accumulation of shikimic acid was obvious different in root, sterm and leaf, and the highest was in leaves. After the treatment of glyphosate, the expression of endogenous EPSPS increased firstly and then decreased. The relative expression level of endogenous EPSPS gene in Coker312 was significantly higher than that in transgenic lines, which further demonstrated that transgenic G10eve gene in cotton could improve the resistance to glyphosate. In the field trials, L91 and AuR (a commercial varieties) could tolerate 20 mL·L-1 glyphosate. When treated with glyphosate at the seedling stage, the plant height, number of branches or number of effective bolls in L91 were increased comparing with the untreated control, while there was no significant difference in those agronomic traits of AuR compared to the control. Moreover, those agronomic traits of L91 and AuR were not inhibited when treated with glyphosate no more than 20 mL·L-1 during the flowering phase. These results implied that L91 could meet the requirements in production. L91 with high resistance level of glyphosate was identified and screened in this work, which provided germplasm resources for cultivating new glyphosate-resistant cotton varieties.
  • WANG Liangyan, HONG Qihua, SUN Zhiming, HUA Yuejin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 283-290. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0283
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    Nowadays, irradiation treatment techniques have been widely used in various fields of life sciences. This paper focuses on its applications in fields such as food processing and preservation, medicine and health, mutation breeding, quarantine, degradation of chemical residues and allergens, aiming to promote the application of electron beam irradiation technology in life sciences, accelerate the development of processing irradiation industry to gain better economic and social benefits.
  • LI Lingfeng, SUN Xiaotang, OUYANG Linjuan, ZENG Bohong, LIU Yang, LUO Laiyang, ZHU Changlan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 291-296. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0291
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    Spikelets are the basis for rice production, and spikelets are often degraded during the cultivation and breeding process, which seriously affect rice yield, therefore, it is necessary to carry out spikelet degeneration research. In this paper, the factors influencing of spikelet degeneration, related QTLs, gene localization and cloning were briefly summaried and analyzed. In the future, the physiological and biochemical mechanism of spikelet degradation, the location of QTL related to spikelet degeneration, the discovery of favorable genes and the molecular regulation mechanism of spikelet degradation should be further investigated, which may lay the foundation for using of molecular breeding techniques to solve the problem of spikelet degradation in agricultural production.
  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
  • YAO Xiaojing, ZHANG Hong, ZHANG Chunjiang, HU Honghai, YU Caihe, DAI Xiaofeng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 297-303. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0297
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    Specific primers were designed using a portion of the potato beta-solanine/beta-chaconine rhamnosyltransferase (Sgt3) gene to establish a method for the quantification of potato components in composite powder by Real-time PCR, in order to monitor product quality. And thermal degradation of potato genes during heating was investigated. By comparing the amplification effect of 4 pairs of primers StLs, scuF, UGPase and Sgt3 in RTFQ PCR test, we finally determined that primer Sgt3 could amplify potato DNA specifically, and the standard curve with significant linear relationship could be obtained. The results was positive reaction when the potato concentration was higher than 2% by using Real-time PCR method. The roast potato powder-wheat powder got the linear equation with R2 =0.9834 and the composite powder with 50% roast potato powder (RoPP) (w/w) was proved to 50.75% potato(w/w). The raw potato powder-wheat powder got the linear equation with R2 =0.9945 and the powder with 45% raw potato powder (RaPP) was proved to 44.42% potato (w/w). The DNA of raw potato powder stored at 100℃ more than 10 h was degraded seriously, and not suitable for amplification. Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR technique can identify the potato-origin components. It can achieve the quantization analysis for a single known component sample, and provide the technical support for the quality supervision of potato staple food products.
  • WANG Min, ZHAO Yongfu, WU Jingxia, FENG Min, WANG Heye, JIANG Xizhi
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 304-309. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0304
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    In order to develop a simple and reliable method for preparing flocculants, we prepared a family of cationic flocculant based on acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride monomers through the60Co irradiation approach in this study. The morphology and chemical composition of the flocculant were systematically determined by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The effects of monomer mass ratio (AM: DMDAAC) and absorbed dose on monomer conversion were also inspected. Results showed that the flocculant products(PDA)with multi-level three-dimensional network structure were successfully prepared by irradiation, which were stable at room temperature. When the mass ratio of AM: DMDAAC reached to 2∶1 and the absorbed dose was 12 kGy, the monomer conversion was high to 83.6%. The cationic flocculant with particle size larger than 0.20mm showed desired performance on the organic sewage treatment. This study provided a simple and feasible method for flocculant preparation.
  • ZONG Ying, ZHAO Yueju, LIU Yang, YANG Qingli
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 310-317. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0310
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    To enrich the biological control strain resources of wheat scab, a strain JS25R was obtained by antagonistic trials against Fusarium graminearum from the infected wheat spikelets in this study. The strain JS25R exhibited effective antifungal activity against F. graminearum and also efficiently reduced disease severity, disease incidence and disease index. Based on biochemical and physiological characteristics, and 16S rDNA analysis, the selected strains was identified as Bacillus velezensis. The inhibition mechanism of this strain against F. graminearum was further investigated by antagonistic effect of cell free culture and volatile compounds (VOCS) produced by JS25R. It showed that cell free culture of JS25R could effectively reduce the growth of F. graminearum with an inhibition zone of 0.58 cm. The presence of five antimicrobial peptide genes were checked by PCR. Amplification of these gene markers showed that each gene had one specific band with the right size. Besides, VOCS produced by JS25R could reduce the growth of F. graminearum by 27.7% and the germination by 26.7%. Among these VOCS, disulfide dimethyl, 2-undecanone, 2-nonanone and 2-nonanol could completely inhibit the growth of F. graminearum. In total, 36 volatile compounds of JS25R were detected by GC-MS, mainly ketones, alkanes, benzenes, alcohols and so on. The results from this research suggested that Bacillus strains could be a potential candidate antagonist of fusarium head blight.
  • HE Jinzhe, FAN Peng, SUN Peilong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 318-324. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0318
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    In order to study the structure and bioactivity of the functional components of Hericium erinaceus, the mycelium of Hericium erinaceus was isolated and purified with its structure identified. Its antibacterial activity, antitumor activity, ability to stimulate growth factor of nerve cells were also tested. The crude terpene substance was extracted from the extraction of ethanol reflux, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate. The component Fr-3-1 was isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography of the crude terpene, which was identified as the analogues of erinacine A via infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The antibacterial activity of Fr-3-1 was determined by filter paper method, and its antitumor activity was measured by MTT assay. Enzyme linked immunoassay was used to evaluate the ability to stimulating the growth of nerve cells. The results indicated that Fr-3-1 had remarkable antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and had certain inhibitory effect on MGB-523 cancer cells with the MIC respectively of 0.781 mg·mL-1 and 453.14 μg·mL-1. When the concentration of Fr-3-1 was 100 μg·mL-1, the secretion of growth factor of rat astrocytic cells was 46.63 pg·mL-1, which was significantly higher than that of epinephrine. All of these results provided experimental evidences that Heriacium erinaceus can act as alternative drugs for the Alzheimer and neurasthenia symptoms diseases, and can promote the development and application as healthy food.
  • LI Wen, CHEN Wanchao, YANG Yan, ZHANG Jingsong, FENG Jie, YU Hailong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 325-334. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0325
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    In order to identify the characteristic flavor components of Lentinula edodes fruiting bodies, volatile flavor components of L. edodes harvested at different growth stages were extracted by solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and electronic nose system was used to distinguish flavor diversities of L. edodes fruiting bodies. Relative odor activity value (ROAV) was calculated to evaluate the contributions of volatile flavor components, while principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reveal the characteristic flavor components during the whole growth stages of L. edodes, and to evaluate the flavor quality of L. edodes fruiting bodies. Results showed that 134 kinds of volatile flavor components were identified during the six growth stages of L. edodes, including sulfur-contained compounds, aldehyde compounds and eight carbon-contained compounds. The electronic nose system could discriminate flavor of L. edodes fruiting bodies harvested at different growth stages. Dimethyl trisulfide, 1,2,4-trithiolane, dimethyl disulfide, 3-methyl-butanal, (E)-2-Nonenal and 2,4-decadienal were the key flavor components of L. edades fruiting bodies, which had great contributions to its flavor during the whole growth stages. The results of PCA revealed that dimethyl trisulfide, dimethyl disulfide, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-methyl-butanal, hexanal, 2-methyl-butanal, 1-hepten-3-one, (E)-2-Nonenal, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal and 2-undecanone were the characteristic flavor components of L. edodes fruiting bodies. L. edodes fruiting bodies with unopened pileus harvested at mature growth stages had superior qualities, while L. edodes fruiting bodies had bad qualities with their pileus fully opened. This research could provide some theory guidances for the L. edodes cultivation and utilization of its volatile flavor components.
  • TANG Xiao, SUN Yangying, PAN Daodong, DAI Yujun, ZHENG Lanting, CAO Jinxuan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 335-343. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0335
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    In order to investigate extraction conditions of pineapple peel polyphenols and improve their preservation and application,single factorial experiments and quadratic regression orthogonal design were employed to optimize enzymatic extraction of polyphenols from pineapple peel with cellulase in this paper. The results showed that yield of total polyphenols from pineapple peel was highest (3.71%) at optimal extraction conditions as follows: cellulase concentration of 7.00 U·mg-1, pH value of 4.8, liquid-solid ratio of 36∶1, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 39℃, extraction time of 65 min and 4 times extraction. The obtained yield of pineapple peel total polyphenols was consistent with that of the predicted value (3.82%). Stability of the extracted pineapple peel polyphenols was also evaluated in terms of thermal stability. The extracted polyphenols were relatively stable at temperature less than 70℃ and dark conditions were beneficial to their stability. Oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide was found to have a destructive effect on the polyphenols. However, reductant such as sodium sulfite had little impact on the stability of pineapple peel polyphenols. These results provided a theoretical basis for the application of the polypheonls production.
  • Isotope Tracer Technique·Ecology & Environment·Physiology
  • ZENG Yanhua, WU Jianfu, FAN Chenggen, ZENG Yongjun, TAN Xueming, PAN Xiaohua, SHI Qinghua
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 344-352. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0344
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    The long-term field experiment on straw incorporation and soil fertility (Wenzhen town,Jinxian county, Jiangxi province) was located the cultivated land quality monitoring system. The objective of the study was to explore the effects of straw incorporation supplying silicon on grain yield and silicon absorption of double cropping rice under chemical fertilizers reduced in the long run. Six treatments were included: total straw incorporation and reducing inorganic fertilizers application (SI+NPK), straw burning and reducing inorganic fertilizers application (SB+NPK), inorganic fertilizers alone application (NPK), total straw incorporation and no chemical fertilizer (SI), straw burning and no chemical fertilizer (SB), and straw non-incorporation and no chemical fertilizer (CK). Grain yield, biomass and silicon absorption were determined. The results showed that SI+NPK could increase grain yield, biomass of double cropping early and late rice, that the effect of yield increasing was higher in early rice than late rice. There was significant difference between SI and SB in non-fertilizer block. The average grain yield of early rice for the 6 years under SI+NPK treatment was increased from 2.86% to 6.38%, compared to SB+NPK, NPK; and was increased 2.80 percentage of late rice, compared to NPK. There was held the same grain yield between SI+NPK and SB+NPK. SI+NPK could increase the content of silicon of early rice and that of late rice at late growth stage. Compared with SB+NPK and NPK treatments, SI+NPK also increased significantly the silicon accumulation of double cropping rice. The periodic silicon accumulation of each growth period in early rice was higher in SI+NPK than in SB+NPK, NPK, and there was significantly different between SI+NPK and NPK. SI+NPK also increased significantly the periodic silicon accumulation from tillering stage to panicle initiation, and from heading stage to maturity stage in late rice, compared to NPK. There was a positive relationship between the periodic silicon accumulation of each growth period and grain yield. The periodic silicon accumulation of earlier growing stage was the basis of the increase production of rice.The study was supported for the reasonable utilization of straw resource, high yield of double cropping rice and its silicon management measure in southern rice zone.
  • WANG Lingling, DONG Chunhua, LUO Zunchang, ZOU Zhaohui, XIE Yi, HONG Xi, CHU Fei, FANG Yong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 353-361. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0353
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    In order to improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as annual crop production in the field with application of different chemical reduced fertilizer treatments. The annual variation of the yield of rice and rape, the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the content of available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil based on a rice-rape rotation field experiment set in 2015 in eastern hunan were studied. For this field experiment, seven differ treatments were set up: T1) no fertilization, T2) regular chemical fertilizer, T3) 80% regular chemical N + 20% organic N, T4) 70% chemical N + 30% organic N, T5) 20% total N reduced based the T4 + nitrogen synergist, T6) 20% total P reduced based on T4 + phosphorus activator, T7) 20% total N reduced + 20% total P reduced based on T4 + nitrogen synergist and phosphorus activator. The results indicated that the annual grain productions and total biomass of crop and the annual utilization efficiency of nitrogenous and phosphate fertilizers of both T3 and T4 treatments were increased by 2.6% and 4.8%, 17.6% and 34.7%, respectively, if compared with T2 treatment. For these indexes, T6 and T7 treatments were increased by 1.2% and 3.2%, 2.5% and 11.8%, respectively, if compared with T4 treatment. Compared to the regular fertilizer treatment, all of the annual grain yield and total biomass of crop and the annual utilization efficiency of nitrogenous and phosphate fertilizer indexes of T4, T6 and T7 treatments were increased by 5.2%, 9.6%, 27.8% and 60.2%, respectively, that soil supply laws of nitrogen and phosphorus were much more consistent with the nutrient absorption law in the field. These findings are important to the practical and theoretical supports to clear the application of integrated technology of chemical reduction efficiency on the area of rice-rape rotation in eastern Hunan.
  • LIU Ke, LU Jian, GAO Mengtao, LU Bilin, WEI Zhongwei, MA Guohui, TIAN Xiaohai, ZHANG Yunbo
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 362-369. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0362
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    In order to study the effects of different nitrogen treatments on the relationship between spectral features of flag leaves and the SPAD, and IPAR in hybrid rice, this experiment was conducted with two-line hybrid rice cultivars, Quanliangyou 1 and Quanliangyou 681 with three application levels of nitrogen fertilizer including N0 (0 kg·hm-2), N1(150 kg·hm-2) and N2(250 kg·hm-2), respectively. The results showed that there was significant difference in the flag leaves spectral features of the two varieties under different nitrogen treatments. The spectral reflectance of the flag leaves was gradually getting bigger in the visible region and smaller in the near infrared region at full heading stage. The SPAD value, PRI and IPAR of the two varieties significantly increased with the improvement of nitrogen rates, and the correlation index between PRI and IPAR was significant, at 0.64. Additionally, both the spectral index DVI and PVI were positively correlated with grain yield, at 0.82 and 0.86, respectively. Given this situation, these spectral indexes of flag leaves in hybrid rice mentioned in our studies could be used to predict grain yield and IPAR. In this study, the acquisition of reflectance spectra based monitoring of nitrogen nutrition in leaf can be applied to precise nitrogen management, and to improve nitrogen use efficiency, thereby providing theoretical guidance for achieving high yield and efficiency in production.
  • WANG Xueyu, LIU Jinquan, HU Yun, LI Fahu, WANG Runlian, WANG Xuefeng, LI Ming
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 370-376. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0370
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    To explore the influences of biochar on the bacterial abundance, available nutrient content, and enzyme activity of the rhizosphere soil of cucumber plants, the cucumber plants in heliogreenhouse were studied through different treatments, namely, applying the rhizosphere soil with biochar of 5, 10, 20, 40 t·hm-2 and 60 t·hm-2, respectively. The research results suggested the biochar in the range of 20~60 t·hm-2could significantly enhance the abundances of both lowly and highly evolved bacteria species in the rhizosphere soil of cucumber plants during fruiting period. On family classification level, the biochars in this range improved the abundances of Hyphomicrobiaceae, Rhodospirillaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, Sinobacteraceae, Piscirickettsiaceae, Micromonosporaceae, and Bacillaceae 1, while reduced those of the Gp6, Gp16, and Gp4 families of Acidobacteria; during fruiting period, the biochar promoted the available nutrient content and the activities of urease and sucrose in the rhizosphere soil of cucumber plants by different degrees. The biochar of 20 t·hm-2 therein presented the most significant treatment effect. As compared to the control group, it significantly increased the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapidly available phosphorus, and rapidly available potassium, as well as the activities of urease and sucrose by 39.86%, 135.95%, 81.35%, 31.58%, and 52.43%, respectively. In conclusion, biochar application could improve the bacterial abundance, enzyme activity, and available nutrient content in the rhizosphere soil of cucumber plants. The research of the study provided scientific basis and theoretical guidance for the application of biochar in cucumber production.
  • LI Xue, TIAN Xinhui, DU Wenhua
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 377-388. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0377
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    In order to identify the drought resistance of 3 Triticosecale Wittmack lines, which are suitable to be planted on alpine pasture of Qinghai Tibet Plateau at the adult plant stage, two triticale varieties of Shida No. 1 and Zhongsi 1048, were used as controls and the rain-proof shelter was used to prevent raining during the growth period of triticale, the content of MDA, soluble sugar and free proline, and the activities of SOD, POD and CAT in leaves of 5 Triticosecale Wittmack lines under different drought stress conditions were studied. The results showed that, the lowest content of soluble sugar (14.15 mg·g-1) and MDA (42.86 μmol·g-1), and the strongest activity of SOD (131.79 U·mg-1), POD (86.77 U·mg-1·min-1) and CAT (197.03 U·mg-1·min-1) was obtained in triticale variety Shida No. 1 with the drought stress. Triticosecale Wittmack lines J7 and J9 had high content of MDA respectively, (3.05 μmol·g-1, 2.96 μmol·g-1), but the activities of SOD, POD and CAT were low. Along with the prolonging of the drought stress, the content of soluble sugar, activities of SOD and CAT firstly increased and then decreased, while free proline changed in a wave shape. MDA and the activity of POD increased. No significant differences existed for the drought resistance of 5 Triticosecale Wittmack lines under light and moderate drought stress, while they showed different drought resistance under severe drought stress. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that 5 ×Triticosecale Wittmack lines followed the order of Shida No. 1 > P1 > J7 > J9 > Zhongsi 1048. The study will lay the foundation for screening the triticale lines with strong drought resistance and adapted to be planted in Qinghai Tibet Plateau drought area.
  • LAN Lizhen, ZHAO Qunfen, JIN Kaixing
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 389-398. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0389
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    To investigate the mechanism of nano-TiO2 toxicity in environment, this research studied the effects of different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mg·L-1) nano-TiO2 on seed germination, growth and gene transcription levels of Arabidopsis thaliana. The results showed that compared with the control group, 1.00 mg·L-1and 1.50 mg·L-1 treated-groups: the seed germination rate, germination potential and germination index were inhibited; The plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll content of seedlings decreased, and root length and root vigor went up. In plant root, the IAA content showed an upward trend while the ABA content was decreased. Under the treatment of 1.50 mg·L-1, the contents of IAA and ABA in leaves decreased and increased, respectively. Lhcb3,CAO,Rubisco and RCA gene expression were first increased and then decreased. The results indicated that nano-TiO2slowed down the seed germination, inhibited the photosystem II activity, carbon assimilation and photosynthetic carbon metabolism, decreased photosynthesis efficiency and finally restrained the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana.The results provide a theoretical basis for further investigating the molecular mechanism of the toxic effects of nano-TiO2 on plant toxicity and its biological effects in the ecological environment, and also provid provide the basis for environmental safety evaluation of nanomaterials.
  • WANG Enjun, CHEN Yuan, HAN Duohong, CAI Ziping, ZHANG Fenqin, ZHANG Yong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 399-407. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0399
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    The purpose of this study was to analyze the variation of agronomic traits and to explore the traits controlling the yielding of medical Isatis indigotica Fort. in anticipation of to provide important information for germplasm evaluation and innovation to select the high yielding Isatis indigotica varieties.In this study, 11 agronomic traits of 18 Isatis indigotica varieties were analyzed. The correlation, multiple linear regression analysis and path analysis were conducted, whilst integrated the growth status of Isatis indigotica and applied critical-path analysis, to identify the primary indexes of Folium Isatidis and Radix Isatidis yield.The results showed that the variation coefficient of agronomic traits of Isatis indigotica reached 9.83% to 69.22%. Among the main agronomic traits,the weight of fresh root(RFW), the weight of fresh leaf(LFW) and the leaf area(LAF) had the most variation in related traits that there were more than 60% of all,the yield of Folium Isatidis and Radix Isatidis had less variation that there were more than 50% of all, taking the second place while the root diam(RD),the root length(RL), leaf and root dry matter content(LDM and RDM) traits had the least variation ratio.The yield of Folium Isatidis was positively correlated with other agronomic traits significantly, in which leaf and root dry matter content were not included.The yield of Radix Isatidis was positively correlated with other agronomic traits significantly, while was negative correlated with the dry matter content of leaf and root.Regression models, which successfully forecasted the relationships not only between agronomic traits but also between the yield of Folium Isatidis and Radix Isatidis were established by step wise regression analysis.Statistical test was performed and the results showed that the correlation coefficient was significant, the coefficients of the yield of Folium Isatidis and Radix Isatidis were 0.989 and 0.982, respectively.Furthermore, path analysis indicated that the main factors that influenced Folium Isatidis yield were leaf number(0.715), leaf FW (0.594), root FW (0.140) and number of branch root (0.131). On the other hand, the main factors that influenced Radix Isatidis yield were root length (0.837)and root FW (0.592). Isatis indigotica germplasm had high-level genetic diversity.In addition, the extremely significant correlation between agronomic traits was clearly indicated.The major determining factors of Folium Isatidisr yield were leaf number, leaf FW, root FW and number of branch root.The high Folium Isatidisr yield varieties had more leaves, higher weight of leaf and root and more branch root numbers. The major determining factors of Radix Isatidis yield were root length and root FW. The high Radix Isatidis yield varieties had more longer root and higher weight of root FW. This research provides a theoretical basis for the germplasm resources identification and new variety breeding of Isatis indigotica Fort.
  • SU Fengbing, LUO Xuegang, TANG Yongjin, JIN Xing
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(2): 407-415. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0407
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    In order to investigate the passivation effect of phosphorous compounds on uranium(U) contaminated soil (including original uranium contaminated soil and simulated uranium contaminated soil), a pot experiment under greenhouse was conducted to examine the influence of applying calcium superphosphate (SSP), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), and Nano-hydroxyapatite (NHAP) to uranium contaminated soil of different concentrations (original uranium contaminated soil, 25 mg·kg-1,50 mg·kg-1) on uranium speciation in uranium contaminated soil and absorption/transfer of uranium by Alfalfa plants.The results show that, the addition of phosphorous compounds significantly promotes the growth of plants, among which calcium superphosphate works best. In comparison with control groups, when adding SSP, KH2PO4 and NHAP to the original uranium contaminated soil decreases the uranium content of Alfalfa plants by 21.16%, 40.59% and 36.61%, respectively. When adding SSP, KH2PO4, NHAP to the simulated soil containing 25 mg·kg-1 uranium pollution, the uranium content of Alfalfa plants was reduced by 76.68%, 89.67% and 74.95%, respectively. While adding SSP, KH2PO4, NHAP to the simulated soil containing 50 mg·kg-1 uranium pollution, the uranium content of Alfalfa plants was reduced by 66.33%, 81.07%, 86.78%, respectively.Aiming at three kinds of uranium contaminated soil, KH2PO4 is the best in reducing plants uranium enrichment. Those three kinds of phosphorus compounds have notably reduced available content of uranium in the soil and increased the levels of low toxicity and content of the lowest toxic level of residual uranium, which indicates that the phosphorous compounds reduce uranium transfer to plants mainly by reducing the available uranium content in the soil. To sum up, it can be seen that phosphorous compounds have a better passivation repair effect on uranium(U) contaminated soil, provided a relatively favorable soil environment for the safety of primary agricultural products. In this study, the effect of different phosphorus compounds on the remediation of uranium contaminated soil provides some references for treatment of radioactive nuclide contaminated soil and environmental restoration.