10 January 2018, Volume 32 Issue 1
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0001
To explore an efficient way of breeding for Louisiana irises, the effects of 60Co-γ rays irradiation at 0、100、200、300 Gy, respectively, on self-crossed seeds derived from 6 cultivars were investigated. The results indicated that, compared to CK, the improvement for seed germination and survival rate, as well as increase for F1M1flower stalk height and flower diameter could be achieved by 100 Gy of irradiation. The seed survival rate decreased dramatically through 200 Gy of irradiation, which showed a significant lethal effect. ≤ 200 Gy irradiation could promote the flower color segregation of F1M1 plants in 5 cultivars. The more the dose was, the higher the segregation rate was. Highly significant lethal effect was observed in the irradiation of 300 Gy 60Co-γ rays, which could decrease the seed survival rates to lower than 2% in 6 selected cultivars. As a resuslt, 100 Gy could be selected for improving seed germination and seedling production while 200 Gy could be selected for mutant breeding. 300 Gy is not suitable as the dose of irradiation breeding. The result provides a reference for the application of irradiation breeding technology on Louisiana irises.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 8-13. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0008Systematic studies of the RNA helicase family proteins provide important information about the RNA metabolism in the cell. Deinococcus radiodurans with extreme ionizing radiation resistance contains one RNA helicase (DR1624). In order to learn the function of DR1624, a knock-out Δ1624 mutant strain was constructed using recombinant-DNA method. The survival rates of Δ1624 mutant strain under the DNA-damaging agents treatments were compared with the wild-type strain R1. Strainabsent of dr1624 showeda much slower growth rate with temperature sensitivity. Interestingly, 37℃ could partially recover the phenotype, which is most likely due to the destabilization of the RNA secondary structures at elevated temperature. Δ1624 exhibited increased sensitivity to 40mmol·L-1 hydrogen peroxide treatment and the survwal rate decreased 3 orders of magnitude than that of the wild strain. In addition, potential substrate binding sites were predicted by homology-modeling to further explore the function of this RNA helicase. In conclusion, these results indicate that the RNA helicase from D. radiodurans plays more important role in its growth than in extreme resistance. The study has acquired valuable information for further illuminating the function of RNA helicase in D. radiodurans.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 14-21. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0014To explore the different influences of high voltage electric field treatment on the comparison of the mutagenic effect and mutagenic effect of Escherichia coli, E. coli K12W3110 was treated with three different kinds of electric field: high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF), high voltage variable frequency electric field (HVFEF) and high voltage electric field (HVPEF), the survival rate and mutation rate of bacteria were investigated, and the mutation spectra of each high voltage electric field with significant dose treatment were also drawn and compared. Results show that under three kinds of electric field with different field intensity, the mutation rate and survival rate showed a trend of oscillation, first inhibition under low field intensity then gradually become stimulus with the field strength increases, especially under thorn high-voltage electric field. Under thorn high voltage electric field with intensity of 1 kV·cm-1, mutation rate was 12 times that of the control group. Under the high voltage variable frequency electric field with 4 kHz·4 kV·cm-1 field intensity, the maximum mutation rate was 7.36 times the control group, and under the high voltage electrostatic field with 4 kV·cm-1 intensity, the mutation rate was 5.47 times the control group. In conclusion, three kinds of high voltage electric field all improved the mutation effects, the best was thorn high voltage electric field, followed by the high voltage variable frequency electric field and the high-voltage electrostatic field. This paper tentatively explores the strong and weak effect of different electric fields on the treatment of E. coli, and can provide theoretical reference for the electric field mutagenesis of E. coli.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 22-29. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0022MRS2/MGT-type magnesium transporters play important roles in Mg2+ uptake, translocation and homeostasis maintaining in plants. To investigate the function of MRS2/MGT gene in maize, a MRS2/MGT gene, ZmMGT10, was isolated using a RT-PCR method. Protein sequence analysis showed that ZmMGT10 encoded a protein with 438 amino acids, and the protein contains two conserved transmembrane domains near the C-terminal end and an altered AMN tripeptide motif. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that ZmMGT10 was probably a homologous gene of Arabidopsis AtMGT6. RT-PCR and RT-qPCR analysis showed that ZmMGT10 was specifically expressed in maize roots and its expression can be induced by magnesium deficiency. A complementation assay in the Salmonella typhimurium mutated MM281 strain indicated that ZmMGT10 was a putative Mg2+ ion transporter and had the ability to transport Mg2+. These results provide a scientific evidence for further elucidating the role of ZmMGT10 in resistance to magnesium deficiency stress in maize.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 30-39. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0030Blue light is one of the most important environmental factors to regulate plant growth and development. In order to investigate the effect of blue light on carotenoid synthesis of peach fruit, the full-length cDNAs of two blue light photoreceptor genes (phototropin and cryptochrome) were isolated from peach fruit by RT-PCR and RACE. Sequencing and bioinformatics analyses indicated that PpPHOT1 protein contain two LOV domains in the N- and a serine/threonine protein kinase domain, in the C-termini, which are conserved domains of phototropin, respectively. PpCRY2 protein contained a typical N-terminal photolyase homologous region (PHR) and a C-terminal DAS motif. The blue light treatment increased the expression of PpPHOT1 and PpCRY2 in both Jinli and hujingmilu fruit. In addition, a significantly higher level of PpPHOT1 and PpCRY2 transcripts in blue light-treated fruit was found in Jinli as compared to that in hujingmilu fruit. These results suggest that PpPHOT1 and PpCRY2 are the important response factors in sensing blue light in peach fruit, especially in Jinli fruit. The results of this study provided some valuable information for further disclosing the regulatory mechanism of blue light on carotenoid synthesis of peach fruit.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 40-47. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0040COV1 is a key gene in leaf vein development. To explore the vital function of COV1 in regulating the development of Caragana korshinskii Kom. vascular system, especially in the development of vein differentiation under the increasing drought, a COV1 encoding gene fragment was isolated from transcriptome sequencing database of Caragana korshinskii Kom., and the parthal length cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR. Sequencing results showed that the parthal cDNA length was 946 bp, with an open reading frame of 777 bp. It encoded a protein composed of 258 amino acids. The putative protein molecular weight was 28.84 KD, and isoelectric point was 5.46. The deduced protein is strongly hydrophobic. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the COV1 gene in Caragana korshinskii Kom. was most closed to COV1 in the leguminous model plant Medicago truncatula Kom.. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the transcript of COV1 was inhibited under drought stress. These results indicated that the suppression of COV1 gene expression under drought stvess is associated possibly with vascular system development. This further clarifying molecular mechanism of developed vascular system in Caragana korshinskii Kom. under the drought stress.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 48-57. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0048Strigolactone(SL) is a new plant hormone which regulates shoots branching. DWARF14 (D14) may act as SL receptor, and is also involved in the signal transduction pathway of SL. In order to analyze the correlation between D14 gene and the underground rhizome type, the sequence variations of the gene were investigated in 17 bamboo species that are grouped into scattered, mixed and sympodial bamboos based on their underground rhizome type.All examined orthologous D14 geneswere consisted of two exons and one intron. The DNA, cDNA and amino acid sequences of 17 orthologousD14 genes werefound to have 92.57%, 98.97% and 98.61% identities, respectively. Their encoded protein sequences contained the catalytic amino acid residues (Ser147,Asp268 and His297) and those amino acid residues (Phe186, Val194, Trp205, Tyr209, Phe245 and Ser270)surrounding the catalyzed substance. The phylogenetic tree based on theD14 gene sequences was generally consistent with the underground rhizome types.The DNA sequences were rich in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites. The SNP frequency was 1/22, and the nucleotide diversity (π) equaled 0.01476.Seven SNPs were informative in relation to the sympodial bamboos. Real time PCR showed that the expression level of D14 gene was not related to the underground rhizome type. The study can help to recognize the molecular diversity of different underground rhizome types in bamboo and it is the theoretical basis for increasing yields of bamboo shoots. It laid a foundation for further understanding of D14 in the regulation pathway of branching.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 58-69. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0058Chloroplast is an organelle involved in photosynthesis in plant cells and contains relatively independent genomic information. The genetic information is of great value in revealing the origin of species, evolution and the genetic relationship among different species. Meanwhile, chloroplast transgenic technology has become one of the hotspots for plant genetic engineering due to its site-directed integration, efficient expression and good safety. In this paper, the development process of chloroplast isolation, chloroplast DNA extraction and sequencing of fruit trees were reviewed. The composition and structure of chloroplast genome and its relationship with phylogeny were discussed based on the whole chloroplast genome sequencing. The aim is to further understand the research status and forecast the prospect of chloroplast genome in fruit trees.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 70-77. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0070α-glucosidase is one of the therapeutic targets on type 2 diabetes. In order to explore potential, food-derived α-glucosidase inhibitors with no or low side effects, the current study aimed to investigating the inhibitory effect of three pure flavonoids from Myrica rubra on α-glucosidase and the underlying mechanism. The results showed that the inhibition activities of three Myrica rubra flavonoids (myricetin, myricitrin and cyaniding-3-O-glucoside) were higher than that of acarbose (IC50=164.19 mg·L-1), myricetin (IC50=4.09 mg·L-1) exhibited the highest among them, followed by cyaniding-3-O-glucoside (IC50=68.23 mg·L-1), and myricitrin (IC50=80.37 mg·L-1). Enzyme inhibition dynamics, thermodynamics as well as fluorescence spectrum analysis indicated that all three flavonoid compounds from Myrica rubra showed a mixed inhibition effect on the α-glucosidase, and the fluorescence quenching activity resulted from static quenching was caused by the formation of some ground state complex. The interaction of the three flavonoids with α-glucosidase was a spontaneous process with Gibbs free energy reduction, with hydrophobic interaction to be the main driving force, which was temperature-dependent. These results provide theoretical references for developing novel α-glucosidase inhibitors based on Myrica rubra flavonoid compound.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 78-83. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0078Nano-silver has a highly effective anti-bacterial anti-corrosion functions. In order to develop a new type of antibacterial packaging materials, nano-silver particles were made by irradiation and applied in the preparation of nano-silver-polyethylene(PE) film material. Characterization and physical properties were also measured including the effect of nano-siver content on the transmittance, moisture permeability and mechanical strength of the films. Infrared measurements showed that a characteristic absorption peak appeared at the wavenumber of 1 046 cm-1 after nano-silver was added to the film. UV absorption indicated that a characteristic absorption peak appeared at the wavelength of 366 nm. The characteristic exothermic peak was appeared in the temperature at 340℃. The determination of material's physical properties showed that the transmittance reduced, the moisture permeability slightly decreased, and the mechanical strength increased. Therefore, nano-silver was successfully added to PE film, and the material had good physical properties, and could be used as packaging materials. This study provided theoretical basis for the preparation of new antibacterial packaging materials.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 84-94. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0084In order to further utilize Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves resource and screen for active ingredients for hypoglycemia treatment, response surface analysis methodology was applied to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction process of total flavonoids from Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves (TFM). AB-8 macroporous resin and polyamide resin chromatography column were used to purify the TFM. The inhibitory effect and inhibition type of TFM against α-glucosidase were measured. Results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were 308 s, power of 302 W, ethanol concentration of 75%, ratio of material to liquid as 1:52 (m/v). Under the optimum extraction condition, the total flavonoids yield was 5.53%±0.11%. After purification, the purity of the TFM can reach 764.49 ± 25.17 mg·g-1. TFM had an inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase, and the inhibitory effect was enhanced after purification. The IC50(half maximal inhibitory concentration) of purified TFM against α-glucosidase was 4.18 mg·mL-1, and the inhibition type was typical competitive inhibition. The results of this study provide technical references for the development and utilization of flavonoids from Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves, and also contributes to the development of drugs or functional foods for hypoglycemia treatment.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 95-103. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0095Rice lysophospholipids (LPLs) is a complex class of polar lipids, which always interacts with starch to form amylose-lipid complex in endosperm and plays vital roles in rice storage, processing and eating qualities. Here in, the LPLs content of different flour granule obtained from ball or cyclone milling was determined with high performance liquid chromatography\|mass, to investigate the extraction efficiency of LPLs from different rice flour granules. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the individual LPLs components were mainly controlled by genotypes, accounting for 74.7%~99.5% of total variance. Although the effects of milling, granule size, genotype × milling, genotype × granule size, and milling × granule size interactions on content of LPLs were significant (P<0.001), these effects only accounted for 0%~2.5%, 0.1%~5.9%, 0%~6.7%, 0%~8.3% and 0.1%~1.8%, respectively. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 16:0, LPC18:2, lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) 16:0 and LPE18:2 were major LPL components. The contents of individual LPL components, except LPC18:3 and LPE18:3, in rice flour from cyclone milling were significantly higher (2.7%~27.4%) than those from ball milling (P<0.05). Furthermore, the contents of individual LPL components, except LPC18:3, LPE18:3 and LPE16:0, in medium granules were significantly higher (12.0%~29.2%) than those in large and small granule (P<0.05). This study contributed to accurately quantifying content of individual rice LPLs and deep processing and utilization of rice flour.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 104-111. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0104In order to determine the antibiotics on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. from Chrysanthemum coronarium L., we studied the bacteriostatic activity of 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid) which was isolated from the stem and leaf tissues of Chrysanthemum. The MIC and MFC of F. oxysporum f. sp. were 31.25mg·mL-1 and 125 mg·mL-1 respectively. The EC50 of chlorogenic acid to F. oxysporum f. sp. was 53.05 mg·mL-1 by indoor virulence assay. The spore germination rates of watermelon F. oxysporum f. sp. were 64%, 33% and 12% at the concentrations of 31.25、125、53.05 mg·mL-1, respectively, while the spore germination rate reached to 92% at the concentration of 0, the difference of spore germination rate between treatments was significant by Duncan's difference analysis. With the increase of pharmacy concentration, the hyphae and fresh weight of F. oxysporum f. sp. showed a decreasing trend. In addition, the treatment of the agent increased the cell membrane permeability and accelerated the rate of infiltration of the inner electrolyte. This research can provide scientific basis for further development and utilization of Chrysanthemum,and a feasible experimental method and theoretical basis for the screening of other natural antibacterial active ingredients and the study of the mechanism of bacteriostasis,which has important academic value and application prospect for research and development of new natural plant source fungicides.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 112-122. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0112In order to effectively utilize the resource of Antrodia camphorata, the extraction conditions of total triterpenoids from mycelium of solid-state cultured Antrodia camphorata were optimized by response surface analysis (RSE). In vitro antioxidant activities of triterpenoids were evaluated by colorimetry. Antibacterial activities of triterpenoids were determined by filtering paper method. The results showed that the optimum ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time of 41 min, extraction power of 80 W, and a ratio of solid to liquid as 1:20. And the yield of total triterpenoids from Antrodia camphorata was 3.84% ± 0.18%. The iron ions reduction results showed that triterpenoids had certain reducing power. The EC50values of free radical scavenging capacities of DPPH, ABTS and superoxide anions was 0.29, 0.50, and 0.33 mg·mL-1, respectively. The triterpenoids have strong inhibition effects against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Higher antibacterial activity was found to be against of Staphylococcus aureus when used at the same concentration of triterpenoids. In conclusion, total triterpenoids extracts from Antrodia camphorata showed relatively strong antioxidant activities and antibacterial activities. This work could provide useful information for further development and comprehensive utilization of total triterpenoids from solid-state cultured Antrodia camphorata.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 123-130. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0123Spermidine derivatives, which widely existed in the pollen, leaf and fruit in the plants, are a kind of natural compounds which the hydrogen atom of spermidine is replaced by other functional group. The structural identification, purification, especially the biological activities of spermidine derivatives are still worthy to explore. This review summarizes the chemical structures, sources, purification and biological activities of spermidine derivatives reported in the past 30 years, which may possibly build a foundation for future research of spermidine derivatives with special functions.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 131-140. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0131In order to explore the relationship between the free amino acids content in barley nutrition organs and the content of grain protein, an experiment was carried out in eastern Inner Mongolia with different nitrogen application levels and sowing date by using four spring Barley cultivars ( Mengpi 1, Mengpi 3, Ganpi 4 and Kenpi 7) as materials. The dynamic change and correlations between the amino acids content in leaf and stem and the protein content of grain were studied at grouting stage. The results showed that the contents of free amino acids in leaves and stems were initially increased and then decreased, and the grain protein contents were decreased first and then increased with filling process at different sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer treatment. During the same grouting period, the content of free amino acid in leaves and stems and grain protein content were increased with the sowing date delayed. The content of free amino acid in leaves and stems and grain protein content were firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application level. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that the content of free amino acid in the leaves and stems at 35 days after anthesis was significantly influenced at the maturity stage, but the results of the path analysis showed that the content of free amino acid in leaves at 7 days after anthesis and in stem at 21 days after anthesis was notably influenced at the maturity stage. The results can provide a theoretical basis for determining the reasonable agricultural measures for high quality and high yield in barley.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 141-149. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0141The aim of this study is to investigate the changes of endogenous hormone contents and enzyme activities in the seeds of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis during germination. The seeds at different germination stages were collected to determine their enzyme activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), peroxidases (POD), malate dehydrogenases (MDH), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) as well as contents of the six endogenous hormones, namely indoleacetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA\-3), abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), trans-Zeatin (TZ) and jasmonic acid (JA), respectively. The results demonstrated that during the imminent emergence stage, the activities of SOD and POD increased rapidly, while those of CAT, MDH and G-6-PDH decreased gradually. The contents of IAA and GA3 were significantly higher at the imminent emergence stage than any of other stages, but those of ABA decreased rapidly after release of seed dormancy. When the radicles just broke through the seed coats, the contents of SA, TZ and JA all reached the highest level. During the whole germination stages, significant positive correlation was found among the changes of SOD, POD, IAA and GA3 (P<0.01), between MDH and G-6-PDH (P<0.01), and among SA, TZ and JA (P<0.01), but the change of ABA was negatively correlated with that of GA3 (P<0.05). Moreover, the relative ratio of IAA/ABA, GA3/ABA, SA/ABA all showed an increasing tendency during the stages of seed dormancy release and emergence. Taken together, the results indicated that: SOD, POD and GA\-3 might be critical in germination of the seeds; TZ, SA and JA might participate in regulation of epicotyl dormancy release; increase of the IAA/ABA, GA3/ABA, SA/ABA ratio could promote seed dormancy release and emergence. These results would provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 150-156. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0150Taking an orchard of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.Dongzao in the Yellow River Delta as a research subject, it explored the influence of irrigation with magnetized water on soil biochemical properties of salinized soil by analyzing salinity, exchangeable base, nutrient content and enzyme activities of soil. The results showed that, in 3 different depth of soil layers, soil salinity in the field irrigated with magnetized fresh water significantly reduced by 17.3%, 19.8% and 10.5%, respectively compared with the fresh water irrigation treatment(P<0.05); in soil layers of 0~20 and 20~40 cm, the soil salinity in the field irrigated with magnetized brackish water under shallow layers of land significantly reduced by 5.7% and 8.8%, respectively, compared with the brackish water under shallow layers of land irrigation (P<0.05). In 3 different depth of soil layers, irrigated with magnetized brackish water under shallow layers of land significantly reduced the soil Nacontent compared with its control (P<0.05). Irrigation with magnetized water increased the exchangeable K and Ca in soil and reduced the Na significantly compared with irrigation with un-magnetized water (P<0.05). In the different soil layers, irrigation with magnetized water significantly increased P, Ca and Mg in soil and reduced the Nacontent compared with irrigation with un-magnetized water treatments(P<0.05). Irrigation with magnetized water increased the soil sucrase activities 11.5% to 15.2%. Significant difference was observed compared with the control (P<0.05). Irrigation with magnetized fresh water increased the soil urease activities by 10.6%. Irrigation with magnetized brackish water under shallow layers of land obviously increased the soil phosphatase and catalase activities by 10.0% and 7.0%, respectively (P<0.05) compared with their controls. In short, the experiment proved that irrigation with magnetized water could effectively promote desalination, preserve soil ion balance and increase soil enzyme activities and nutrient content in soil. These results provided a theoretical basis for making the magnetized irrigation technology be applied to the cultivation of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Dongzao industrial district.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 157-164. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0157In order to explore the optimum proportion of urea with controlled release urea in high-yield and high-quality production of wheat, wheat 836 was used as test material, a field fertilization experiment including six treatments (0, 10%, 20%, 40%, 80% and 100%)with different ratio of controlled release urea (CRU) were performed to investigate the effects of CRU on grain yield, dry matter accumulation and distribution, N uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of the wheat. The results showed that CRU application can significantly increase flag leaf length and area at maturity and dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation in shoot after tillering stage. The treatment of 40% CRU (N4) possessed the highest integrated synergic. Nitrogen use efficiency was significantly increased by 20% over CRU addition treatments especially in N4 treatment where the nitrogen partial factor productivity(NPEP), nitrogen agronomy efficiency(NAE) and nitrogen recovery efficiency(NRE) increased by 14.21%, 27.26% and 29.85%, respectively. With the increase of CRU addition proportion, the grain yield of wheat firstly increased and then gradually decreased. The highest grain yield was observed under CRU addition of 40% treatment, which was increased by 14.23% compared to the control treatment. Therefore, a basic application of 60% urea and 40%CRU were in favor of increasing grain yield, dry matter accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency. To some extent, the fertilizing method could save the input of time and labor and promote as efficient simplified fertilization technology in wheat planting. The findings will be helpful to optimize the N fertilization for the agricultural practices of wheat.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 165-176. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0165In order to explore the key meteorological factors affecting the growth of summer-sowing foxtail millet, the summer-sowing foxtail millet varieties Jigu 16 and Jigu 18 were used as materials, which were planted in plots in the order of sowing time in Jinan experiment station of crop research institute, Shandong academy of agricultural sciences. Eight treatments with different sowing dates were applied during April 29 to July 8, 2015 at the interval of 10 days. Because of the difference of sowing date, the climate condition was changed accordingly during the growth period of foxtail millet. The effect of meteorological factors on the growth and development regulation of foxtail millet cultivars was analyzed systematically. The results indicated that, with sowing date delay, the growth duration was shortened from 109 days to 83 days. The agronomic traits, yield, quality and physiological indexes were changed, with the coefficient of variation between 0.70 % and 19.66 %. The accumulated temperature and rainfall of each growth stage was significantly different as well, and the coefficient of variation of Jigu16 and Jigu18 in the whole growth period was 9.92 %, 7.74 % and 10.60 %, 7.91 %, respectively. The correlations coefficient of certain traits and the accumulated temperature in the seedling to jointing stage was between 0.708 and 0.977, as well as precipitation in the jointing to heading stage and the whole growth period was between 0.729 and 0.973. The response of seedling stage to the accumulated temperature was relatively more sensitive. While, precipitation on jointing stage to heading stage, and on the whole growth period significantly affected the growth and development of the foxtail millet cultivars. Determining appropriate sowing date and reducing the negative effects of precipitation and accumulated temperature on growth are the key factors to achieve high yield for summer-sowing foxtail millet. And more precipitation on jointing stage to heading stage could effectively increase the yield. This research provids a theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation and the exploration of water-saving planting mode in summer-sowing foxtail millet.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 177-187. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0177In order to investigate effect of water and fertilizer coupling on the physiological changes and yield quality of dwarf dense planting jujube under the drip irrigation in Hami area, the physiological indexes including stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of jujube were monitored with automatic portable photosynthesis for three consecutive years in this study. The results showed that under the same drip irrigation, the effect of fertilization on the transpiration rate was not obvious. Under the same fertilization, the increase of irrigation could effectively promote the transpiration rate. At the 900 mm amount of irrigation, photosynthetic rate could be effectively enhanced by fertilizor. When the amount of fertilizer was increased to 1 500 kg·hm-2, the photosynthetic rate could be inhibited by fertilizer and produced antagonistic effect. When the irrigation quota was 900 mm and the fertilization amount was 1 500 kg·hm-2, the photosynthetic rate and yield could reach the maximum value, which was higher than yield of low\|water\|high\|fertilizer treatment and low\|fertilizer\|high\|water treatment increased by 31%, 24%, 27% and 1.9%, 0.3%, 0.7%, respectively. The results showed that under this irrigation system, the water and fertilizer efficiency and the economic benefit of jujube reached the highest level. The study can provide a scientific basis for the management of water and fertilizer of drip dwarf dense planting jujube in Hami area.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 188-195. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0188To study the effect of different fertilization regimes on root growth dynamics of pepino (Solanum murcatum), the dry weight of plant organ, root morphological parameters such as root length density (RLD), root surface area density (RSAD), root diameter (RD), root volume density (RVD) and root tip number (RTN) were determined in situ with the minirhizotrons technique during pepino developmental stages. Additionally, fruit traits were observed at first harvest stage under two fertilization regimes. The results showed that the root biomass, RLD, RSAD, RVD and RTN increased significantly with the growth of pepino plants, however, the relative growth rate increased to the maximum at stage of shoot elongation, and then decreased. RLD, RSAD and NRT distribution transferred from upper layer of the soil profile to deeper soil volume at flowering stage, when the root dry weight increased most significantly with maximum daily increase rate of 177.5 mg·plant-1 (organic fertilizer) and 117.5 mg·plant-1 (no fertilizer). Root growth of pepino plants responded notably to fertilization, the root/shoot ratio, root biomass, RLD, RSAD and NRT in plots applying organic fertilizer were significantly higher than those under non\|fertilization at all but the seedling stage. Daily increase rate of root biomass and relative increase rates of root morphological parameters under organic fertilizer were significantly higher than those under no fertilizer. There were significant positive correlations among root dry weight and morphological indicators in fertilizing and non\|fertilization treatments. Under fertilization treatments, negative correlations were found between root morphology and fruit yield traits. The quickest root growth stage of pepino was found from the shoot elongation to flowering stage, and application of organic fertilizer contributed to the faster root growth, more concentrated growth duration and higher distribution ratio in upper soil profile, while non\|fertilization induced longer root growth duration and deeper root distribution. This study provided a theoretical basis for the scientific fertilization of pepino.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(1): 196-207. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.01.0196The experiment was simulated autotoxicity stress by irrigating soil extract of grafted cucumber with continuous cropping. The leaves were respectively sprayed and rooted by 0, 100, 200 mg·L-1 GSH, then the biomass,SOD activity, POD activity,APX activity, CAT activity, GSH content, AsA content, MDA content were investigated respectively in the forth day, eighth day, twelfth day, sixteenth day, in order to investigate exogenous GSH effect of relieving autotoxicity and the physiological mechanism about grafted cucumber. The results showed that grafted cucumber, cucumber and pumpkin's seedling index,SOD activity, POD activity,APX activity and CAT activity, GSH and AsA content were restrained, while MDA content was improved by soil extract.So the soil extract of grafted cucumber could produce autotoxicity to three kinds of plant seedlings. T1、T2、T3 of three plants and T4 of grafted cucumber and pumpkin' sound seedling index,SOD activity, POD activity,APX activity and CAT activity, GSH and AsA content were markedly improved, however MDA content was markedly reduced. T4 of cucumber' sound seedling index,SOD activity, POD activity,APX activity and CAT activity, GSH and AsA content were restrained, MDA content was improved.This result showed that applied appropriate exogenous GSH concentration could improve the activities of antioxidant enzymes, the content of antioxidant,and decrease the damage of reactive oxygen species on membrane lipids, thereby effectively promote the growth of grafted cucumber, cucumber and pumpkin seedlings under autotoxicity. The study showed that T4 of grafted cucumber and pumpkin, T2 of cucumber were the better concentraion for alleviating autotoxicity. The experiment provides a theoretical basis for controlling the continuous cropping obstacle of grafted cucumber.
