10 December 2017, Volume 31 Issue 12
    

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    Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
  • JIAN Lei, WANG Zhongkang, ZENG Dongdong, QIN Ran, SHI Chunhai, JIN Xiaoli
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2289-2297. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2289
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    To enrich gene resources of gree-revertible albino mutant in rice, an albino mutant, named as albg, was obtained by mutagenesis from Nipponbare using ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) treatment. Albino leaves appeared in albg mutant before three-leaf stage, and gradually turned green, when leaves fully expanded, then albino phenotype disappeared at the six leaf stage. Compared with the wild type, seeding setting rate and plant heights were significantly reduced in albg mutant, as well as the grains per panicle. Otherwise, there was no obvious difference in 1000-grain weight and number of productive tiller between albg mutant and wild type. The results showed that the change of leaf color in albg mutant may be associated with chlorophyll content and chloroplast development. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene, which was mapped in a 163.1 kb region between InDel (insertion-deletion) markers 3G5 and 3G3 on chromosome 3 with 28 candidate genes. Among these genes, Os03g0597200 encoded a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein, and sequence analysis showed that there was a G insertion at the 1 387th base pair from initiation codon in the exon of the gene. The results indicated that Os03g059720 could be the target gene. This research would provide theoretical foundation in rice breeding.
  • WANG Xiaowen, TANG Yanqiang, LIAO Hongxiang, JIANG Yudong, YANG Zhenglin, SANG Xianchun
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2298-2305. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2298
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    An EMS-induced library of indica rice restorer line Jinhui10 was screened and a mutant displaying fragile plant with brown panicle was discovered, temporally termed as fb1. The characteristics of its mechanical strength, photosynthetic pigment content, lignin and cellulose content were detected, meanwhile, genetic analysis and gene mapping were performed in this study. The mechanical strengths of fb1 decreased 43.3% and 63.1% in stems and leaves respectively than those of the wild type. Correspondingly, the contents of cellulose and lignin in fb1 stem occupied 76.5% and 66.6% of the wild type’s, and in fb1 leaves was 91% and 95.5%, respectively of those of the wild type. All these differences were statistically significant. However, panicle-related traits of fb1 displayed no significant difference when compared to those of the wild type before blossom. After blossoming, the glume in fb1 exhibited gradually brown and even dust-color. By analysis of photosynthetic pigment content, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in fb1 were only 74.8%, 90.5% and 85.3% of that of the wild type respectively, which displayed statiscally significantl declines. Genetic analysis indicated that the mutational characteristics were regulated by one recessive nuclear gene. FB1 was finally mapped on chromosome 1 between SSR markers RM1268 and RM11669 with 42 kb physical distance, in which contained seven annotated genes. These results not only provide a good foundation for FB1 cloning by a map-based strategy, but also supply an excellent material for studying molecular mechanism of cell wall development and breeding new environmental protection energy rice.
  • CHEN Junyue, GONG Yifu, ZHU Shuaiqi, YU Kai ZHANG Li, WANG Heyu, YAN Xiaojun
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2306-2313. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2306
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    Fucoxanthin is a kind of new marine drugs which has important medicinal value and exploitable value, phytoene desaturase (PDS) is a key rate limiting enzyme in fucoxanthin biosynthesis pathway of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Exploring the function of pds gene is beneficial for better exploitation and utilization of Fucoxanthin. In this study, RT-PCR was used to clone full length cDNA sequence of pds gene (Ptpds, GenBank number: XM_002184476.1). And the mechanism of exogenous induction to fucoxanthin biosynthesis was analyzed at gene level, to explore the characteristics of structure and expression of Ptpds. The full-length Ptpds gene cDNA was 2 442 bp long, had an open reading frame of 1 773 bp with a NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-like domain and encoded 589 amino acids.The protein prediction results showed that PtPDS was hydrophilic, with transporter peptide, signal peptide and transmembrane domain. After phylogenetic analysis, PtPDS had closed homologous relationship with the PDS protein of Auxenochlorella protothecoides, and had a more primitive evolutionary status among the selected algaes. The results of induced expression showed that four kinds of elicitors (MeJA, ASA, AA, and ACS) could promote the expression of Ptpds gene, expression changes of Ptpds and fucoxanthin content in Phaeodactylum tricornutum under the treatment of four elicitors showed a high consistency, which indicated Ptpds is one of the key genes to promote Phaeodactylum tricornutum fucoxanthin bio-accumulation. This study provided a basis for exploring fucoxanthin synthesis mechanism in algae and also provided a theoretical basis for applying metabolic engineering to improve fucoxanthin content.
  • ZHANG Kunfei, MOU Li, LI Peng, FANG Jian, LIU Xinchun, FENG Zongyun
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2314-2322. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2314
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    Flavonoids O-methyltransferase (FOMT) is a critical enzyme in plant methoxy-flavonoid biosynthesis and metabolic pathway. However, little knowledge of the coding enzyme gene was available in hulless barley which is a characteristic cereal crop in Qinghai-Tibet plateau. In order to understand the physiological function and the role of FOMT and related coding gene in hulless barley, OMT1 gene of hulless barley was cloned by using RT-PCR from hulless barley CV 94-19-1. The results showed that the open reading frame was 1 071 bp encodes 356 amino acids, the molecular weight of the protein was 38.65KDa with the theoretical isoelectric point of 5.33. The comparison analysis of the sequences indicated that the similarity between the OMT1 gene sequence and the HvOMT1 sequence from NCBI database, was 99.44%, and also five amino acid residues were differential between amino acid sequences. The encoding protein sequence possessed typical conserved domains of OMT protein family. The encoding protein of the OMT1 gene was successfully expressed in E.coli after ligation of OMT1 gene to prokaryotic expressive vector. And the purification of the expressive protein was carried out though affinity chromatography. The results would lay the foundation for further studying the function of the enzyme protein and selection of high-quality hulless barley cultivars.
  • XIAO Xufeng, ZHANG Yi, YANG Yingui
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2323-2331. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2323
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    To reveal the function of the molecular mechanism in response of histone acetylation to bolting of the crucifearae crops. Flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa syn. campestris ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee) Youqing 49 and Youqing Tiancaixin 80 as test materials, homologous cloning was used to clone the full-length cDNA and gDNA of BrcuHAC1, and bioinformatics analysis was conducted. Total RNA was extracted from root, stem, leaf and flower and six growth stages to analyze spatiotemporal expression patterns of BrcuHAC1 in flowering Chinese cabbage. The results indicated that BrcuHAC1 was 6 061 bp in cDNA full length and encoded a predicted protein of 1 688 amino acids (ORF length 5 067 bp). The corresponding gDNA was 7 376 bp in length which harbored 15 exons and 14 introns. The longest extron was the fifth extron with 1 599 bp in length and the length range of introns was 50 to 210 bp. The promoters harbored light-responsive element, ABA-responsive element and anaerobic-responsive enhancer. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that it contains six conserved domains of BrcuHAC1 in higher plants. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that flowering Chinese cabbage had the closest evolutionary relationship with rape、broccoli、Chinese cabbage. BrcuHAC1 was expressed in the root、stem、leaf and flower by the tissue-specificity expression analysis. The expression content in different tissues varied: the highest in flower, the next in stem and leaf, and the lowest in root. The real-time PCR analyses revealed that no detectable level was expressed during the first stage of sampling, and then up-regulation transcripts were detected from the seedling stages to the flowering stages. This suggests that BrcuHAC1 may play an important role in flowering Chinese cabbage flower development.
  • LUAN Haiye, ZANG Hui, SHEN Huiquan, ZHANG Yinghu, QIAO Hailong, TAO Hong, SHEN Yuxiang, CHEN He
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2332-2339. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2332
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    To study the molecular mechanism of albino lemma mutant in barley, transcriptome analysis was performed with the lemma of wild type (WT) and mutant (AL) in their heading stage using Illumina HiSeqTM 2500 system.Totally 2.7 Gb and 4.1 Gb clean data were generated from WT and AL, respectively, and 64 634 unigenes were obtained by de novo assembly. Among these unigenes, 23 696 were larger than 1kb. Totally 672 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified according to their expression profile. Among these DEGs, 139 were up-regulated while 533 DEGs were down-regulated in AL. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that these DEGs were mostly related to chloroplast in molecular function, and KEGG pathway analysis revealed their functional enrichment in carbon metabolism, photosynthesis and so on. Six unigenes related to photosynthesis were confirmed by quantitative realtime PCR, and the results were highly consistent with those of the RNA-Seq. The formation of AL mutant might be attributed to the down-regulation of the genes related to chloroplast development that led to the decrease of photosynthesis. The results would be beneficial for revealing the molecular mechanism of AL mutant.
  • ZHAO Yanan, WANG Ying, ZHANG Dongjie, WANG Lixia, ZUO Zhaohang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2340-2349. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2340
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    To analysis the genetic diversity of mungbean germplasm resources from Northeast China region, mungbean vriaties of 156 from different areas of Northeast China were analyzed by using 15 SSR markers. A total of 71 alleles were identified with an average of 4.7 alleles per locus, and the polymorphic information content(PIC) varied from 0.067 to 0.754, with an average of 0.401.The genetic similarity coefficient of SSR markers among 74 mungbean varieties ranged from 0.116 to 1.000, with an average of 0.542, and the genetic similarity coefficient of 73.69% tested materials ranged from 0.50 to 1.00. Furthermore, the UPGMA(unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) clustering analysis classified the 156 mungbean varieties into five groups at the genethc strnirlarity value of 0.478 and varieties with the same geographic origin are mostly clustered together. The genetic relationship among mungbean varieties from Northeast China was close, and the genetic background comparability of the mungbean varieties was high and the diversity was low. Therefore, new products and germplasm resources introduction should be strengthened to create mungbean breeding materials and enrich genetic diversity of mungbean germplasm resources in Northeast China.The results of this study provide technical support and theoretical basis for clarifying the relationship of mungbean varieties in northeast China and the selection of new products.
  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
  • FU Lili, GAO Yuan, LIN Min, LI Shulei, JIN Jun, FENG Tao, PAN Jiarong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2350-2357. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2350
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    In order to evaluate the effect of temperature fluctuations during the cold chain transportation and the effect of electron beam irradiation on quality and the shelf life of large yellow croaker, Fish samples were investigated through three treatments: stored at-18℃, with temperature fluctuations of (-18℃—0℃—18℃—0℃),and group treated with irradiation (0, 1, 2 and 4 kGy). Changes in aerobic plate count (APC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), amino acids and volatile gas were measured. The results showed that indicators for large yellow croakers which were stored at-18℃ were stable, but the indexes of large yellow croakers experienced temperature fluctuations were much more different(P<0.05) and the shelf life were decreased to 26 d. However, once the large yellow croaker were irradiated by 1 kGy, 2 kGy and 4kGy, the increase of APC and TVB-N were slowed down, and better effect can be obtained when the dose was increased; at the same time, irradiation treatment has no significant influence on amino acids and volatile gas. An exception can be found for the TBARS which value was higher than the control group at the beginning of storage when the fish was irradiated by 1 kGy and 2 kGy dose, during the storage there was no significant difference (P>0.05), 4 kGy dose had a negative effect on the fat oxidation of large yellow croakers, and the TBARS value was at a high level after irradiation. At the end of storage, it was increased to 0.614 mg MDA·100-1·g-1. In conclusion, during the cold chain transportation, irradiation with dosage of 2 kGy can maintain the quality of large yellow croakers and avoiding the temperature fluctuations. The results of this research provides references for storage and transportation of frozen large yellow croaker.
  • ZHANG Zhouli, LI Cheng, LIU Aiping, XU Ye, YANG Di, ZHU Na, CAI Tingting
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2358-2366. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2358
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    In order to utilize the porcine scapular to obtain the antioxidant peptide more effectively , the parameters of enzymatic hydrolysis of porcine scapular protein were optimized using response surface analysis. The results showed that the flavourzyme was the best enzyme for the protin hydrolysis by comparing the DPPH scavenging ability and peptide yield. Box-behnken center-united experimental design were carried out based on single-factor experiments. The optimal parameters of hydrolysis technology were 4 h of hydrolysis time, 55℃ of hydrolysis temperature, 6 200 U·g-1 of enzyme-substrate ratio, 3% of substrate concentration, and pH value 6.0. Under these conditions, the DPPH scavenging activity of the obtained peptide was 75.90%. Meanwhile, peptide yield was 62.80%, RAdj2=97.05%, R2=98.95%, suggesting that the model proposed by this study was acceptable. The results of this study provide a reference for practical use of porcine scapula protein to obtain antioxidant peptide by enzymatic hydrolysis.
  • ZHANG Nan, LI Wu, PENG Huijuan, DUAN Huiguo, ZHANG Zhiyong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2367-2376. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2367
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    To explore the biological property of a novel polysaccharide (SHP for short) isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus BS-112 (SHP for short), SHP was extracted and purified using gel filtration chromatograph and ion exchange chromatography respectively, and then purified them by preparative high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). The partial chemical structure of SHP was identified using HPGPC, HPLC and FT-IR. The results showed that SHP was a kind of low molecular weight homopolysaccharide composed of β-D-glucopyranose and acetyl groups. The relative molecular mass of antibacterial polysaccharides is 2.3 × 103. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against food-borne bacterial pathogens were determined by the microdilution broth method. The MIC of SHP against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus subtilis were 15.63, 31.25, 15.63, 31.25 and 31.25 μg·mL-1, respectively, and their MBC were 31.25, 62.50, 31.25, 125.00 and 62.50 μg·mL-1, respectively. Moreover, the acute toxicity of SHP on mice was also assessed by standard method. LD50 of SHP to Kunming mice by intragastric administration was over 5 000 mg·kg-1, belonging to substance of actually non-toxic grade. In summary, SHP showed strong inhibitory against common food-borne pathogens, which are actually non-toxic level substances with good thermal stability and broad pH tolerance, suggesting that SHP might be a potential food preservative.
  • LEI Jingui, YANG Youquan, DENG Sufang, CHEN Min
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2377-2383. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2377
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    In order to probe the influence of simulated microgravity on growth condition of Pleurotus geesteranus, mycelium of Pleurotus geesteranus was cultured in a plant-growing device with three-dimensional rotation manner, and then the effect of two growing conditition i.e., simulated microgravity and static cultivation, on evalution of the protein nutrition values in Pleurotus geesteranus fruiting bodies were analyzed. The result showed that, the contents of fourteen kinds of amino acids in the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus geesteranus in the treatment of simulated microgravity were higher than that of static cultivation, and its total amount of amino acid reached 114.0 g·kg-1,essential amino acids reached 53.5 g·kg-1,which was 26.2% and 28.3% higher than the static cultivation, respectively. Moreover, the ratio of essential amino acid content of Pleurotus geesteranus were increased by 1.62% and 32.57% to compare with static cultivation treatment and FAO/WHO reference standards, but was slightly less than that of the total amount of essential amino acids in chicken protein (49.7%). The six indicators, i.e. chemical score, amino acid score, score of ratio coefficient of amino acid, essential amino acid index, biological value and the nutrition index in simulated microgravity treatment were all higher than that of the static cultivation treatment. These facts indicated that, simulated microgravity cultivation benefited the formation of amino acids in Pleurotus geesteranus, and their composition became more reasonable. This study provided references for revealing the mechanism of microgravity on the growth and development of edible fungi and its species breeding in space.
  • HE Dujuan, LI Yueyue, ZHOU Huabin, YANG Hailong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2384-2391. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2384
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    To obtain the optimal conditions for laccase extraction by aqueous two-phase system from the fermentation broth of Coriolus versicolor CZW11 and investigate its degradation activity on aflatoxin B1, the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecular weight, types of salt, concentration of phase forming components (PEG 4000, (NH4)2SO4), pH of the buffer solution on the extraction rate and partition coefficient of laccase were studied by single factor experiment. The optimal extracting condition was obtained by response surface methodology and the degradation effect of the laccase on aflatoxin B1 was determined by HPLC method. Results showed that the optimal extracting conditions were 18.51% of PEG 4 000, 19.63% of (NH4)2SO4 and pH value 7.12. The extraction rate reached 90.39% under the optimal conditions. The degradation rate reached 46.32% using 80 U·mL-1 of laccase in 3 min. This work provides a simple and effective method for laccase purification from the fermentation broth of Coriolus versicolor, and offers a possible solution for aflatoxin B1 degradation by enzyme.
  • QI Lin, WANG Xiaoling, ZHAO Wei, LAN Zhijian
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2392-2398. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2392
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    To investigate effect of strontium on the growth and antioxidant enzymes activities of broad beans, broad bean seedlings named‘Qinghai 9’ were chosen as experimental materials, with different concentrations of strontium treatments (25, 150, 750 and 1500 mg·kg-1) applied in soil. After 30 days of cultivation, the strontium accumulation and distribution characteristics, growth index, POD, SOD and CAT activity of broad beans were determined. The results showed: root length, plant height and plant biomass of broad bean seedlings were first increased and decreased later with the strontium concentrations in soils; the root, stem and leaf of broad bean could absorb a certain amount of strontium, whereas strontium uptake ability of organs followed the order of root > leaf > stem. Meanwhile, the strontium concentrations of broad beans increased with the strontium treatments; the MDA content decreased first and increased later as strontium concentration increased, whereas the POD, SOD and CAT activity showed an inverse pattern as strontium concentration increased. In conclusion, the root, stem and leaf of broad bean could accumulate strontium, and the strontium concentration of different organs increased with the strontium concentration in soils, and strontium was mainly concentrated in the root. Low (1 500 mg·kg-1) concentrations (<750 mg·kg-1) of strontium showed the positive effect on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, whereas high Sr concentrations (1 500 mg·kg-1) has the negative effect. This study provided a theoretical support for the plant physiological and ecological effects of strontium.
  • MA Yanqin, QIAN Chenchen, DENG Liping, HUANG Guoqin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2399-2407. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2399
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    In order to study effect of combining Chinese milk vetch with nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield, dry matter, nitrogen absorption and utilization, a double cropping paddy field experiment was conducted in Yujiang Jiangxi province from October 2014 to November 2016, There were 5 treatments, including fallow in winter without nitrogen, Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.) without nitrogen, Chinese milk vetch with 90 kg·N·hm-2nitrogen(Nitrogen reducing application), and Chinese milk vetch with 150 kg·N·hm-2 nitrogen (Conventional nitrogen application), and Chinese milk vetch with 225 kg·N·hm-2 nitrogen(High nitrogen application). The results showed that, compared with the winter fallow treatment, the average grains per panicle in early and late rice under Chinese milk vetch with nitrogen treatments were increased by 23.20% and 14.15%, respectively, while the average yield were increased by 17.75% and 28.32%, respectively. Yield in early and late rice with conventional nitrogen application was the highest, and increased by 20.55% and 30.49%, respectively, followed by reducing nitrogen use, increased by 19.48% and 28.13%, respectively. Compared with the winter fallow treatment, dry matter amount of early and late rice under Chinese milk vetch treatment were increased by 15.57%~36.21% and 14.41%~24.89%, respectively, whereas, rice nitrogen absorption also increased about 60.24%~93.04%. Compared with Chinese milk vetch without nitrogen treatment, dry matter of treatments with Chinese milk vetch with nitrogen increased by 20.14%~28.35% and 14.79%~18.07% in early and late rice, respectively. However average nitrogen uptake (two years mean)increased by 40.73%~69.53%. Treatment of reduced nitrogen on rice recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity were the highest, increased by 43.18%, 64.55%, 56.14%, respectively. In conclusion, Chinese milk vetch with reducing nitrogen use had the highest nitrogen use efficiency cropping pattern in this area. This study provided a scientific basis for improving the efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilizer resources and protecting the ecological environment of rice fields.
  • SUN Jiawei, LI Na, WANG Chunyu, ZHAO Jianhong, ZHANG Shaowen, JIANG Mingjin, SUN Yongjian, MA Jun
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2408-2417. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2408
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    To investigate the effects of transplanting methods and potassium (P) application rate on hybrid indica rice lodging resistance ability, hybrid indica rice Fyou 498 was selected as experimental cultivar treated with 5 levels of P application rates (0 kg·hm-2, 60 kg·hm-2, 120 kg·hm-2, 180 kg·hm-2, 240 kg·hm-2) conducting under mechanized transplanting (T1) and artificial transplanting(T2). The results showed that the grain yield of T2 was 3.21% higher than that of T1, whose spikelet number per panicle was less, resulting in inadequate total spikelets. No evidence was confirm that P rate could affect the grain yield of T2, while P rate significantly influenced the grain yield of T1 indeed. Treated with P rate of 120 kg·hm-2, mechanized transplanting rice achieved the maximum yield and economic benefits. The basal internode stem diameter, substantial degree, flat ratio, P content, and fiber content of stem and sheath of mechanized transplanting rice were less than those of artificial one, resulting in larger breaking moments, which had the greatest contribution to the higher lodging index of mechanized transplanting rice. Artificial transplanting rice maintained the least lodging index with P rate of 240 kg·hm-2. Mechanized transplanting rice minimized the lodging risk with 120 kg·hm-2P rate, more or less P input aggravated the lodging risk. The P rate of 240 kg·hm-2increased the basal internode density of artificial transplanting rice, while decreased their total basal internode length, total length of the two internode below panicle and plant height. These features decreased the bending moment and enhanced the breaking moments of the basal internode, improving the lodging resistance ability generally. Compared with artificial transplanting rice, mechanized transplanting rice maintained large basal internode density, substantial degree, fiber content and lignin content of stem and sheath with a much smaller P rate (120 kg·hm-2), and achieved the maximum breaking moment, which generated a lower lodging risk significantly. This study provide a theoretical reference for P fertilizer application under mechanized and artificial transplanting rice.
  • ZHENG Yongmei, WANG Chunxiao, LIU Qimao, WU Zhengfeng, WANG Caibin, SUN Xiushan, ZHENG Yaping
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2418-2425. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2418
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    In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer regulation on root growth and nodulating ability of peanut, Huayu22 was used as the test material to study the effect of nitrogen level and application regimes on peanut root length, root surface area, root volume, nodule number, nodule fresh weight and quantitative relationship between root and root nodule traits. Five treatments were applied under pot cultural condition, which were N1(applied amount of N as based fertilizer was 45 kg ·hm-2), N2(applied amount of N as based fertilizer was 60 kg ·hm-2), N3(applied 24 kg N·hm-2 as based fertilizer +36 kg N·hm-2 as topdressing fortilizer), N4(applied amount of N as based fertilizer was 75 kg ·hm-2) and N5(applied amount of N as based fertilizer was 135 kg ·hm-2). Results showed root length, root surface and root volume were the largest under N4 treatment during peanut growing period. Under the same nitrogen level, N2 treatment which applied amount of N as based fertilizer could promote the root growth and development during peanut earlier stage, and root morphological of N3 treatment which applied amount of N with the ration of 4∶6 base and topdressing fertilizer was better than that of N2 treatment especially in middle and later stages of peanut growth. With the growth process moving forward, variation coefficients of root morphology among different treatments gradually increased. Maximum variation coefficient of root length, root surface and root volume was 29.3%, 25.1% and 22.1%, respectively. With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level, the number and weight of root nodule gradually reduced during earlier growth stage, but that of N4 treatment was the biggest followed by N3 treatment at medium-late stage of peanut growth. There were monotonic positive association between root and root nodule traits with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.1839~0.5262. Canonical correlation analysis between root and root nodule traits were significant or remarkably significant except for that between root surface and fresh weight of root nodule. Therefore, scientific and reasonable fertilization of nitrogen could regulate root system and root nodule traits effectively, and coordinate the relation between root morphological and generation of nodules. Results obtained from this study provide scientific references for applying nitrogen fertilizer in the process of peanut production.
  • GAO Yanping, HU Xinyuan, LI Zhang, WU Yanbin, ZHANG Wu, QI Enfang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2426-2433. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2426
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    In this study, mini-tuber potatoes with a weight of less than 2 g were selected as test materials to explore plastic film mulching models that are applicable for the Elite Seed Potato production of mini-tuber potato in the cold and humid areas. Three treatments were set, including ridge sowing with white plastic film mulching (RSWPF), ridge sowing with black plastic film mulching (RSBPF), and conventional flat sowing without mulching (CFS). The effects of soil temperature and dynamic characteristics of water on growth, development and yield of potato under different treatments were investigated. The results showed that at the pre-growth stage of potato, RSBPF treatment effectively enhanced soil heat conditions within plough layer depths of 0~25cm. From April 20 to August 3 (namely from sowing stage to last flowering stage), soil temperatures under RSBPF treatment were 2.33℃~4.64℃ higher than those under CFS treatment, respectively, and soil accumulated temperature under RSBPF treatment was 327.88℃ greater than that under CFS treatment. As for daily temperature changes, at 8:00 and 18:00 when low temperatures occurred, RSBPF and RSWPF treatments exerted almost identical heat preservation effects; at 14:00 when high temperatures occurred, temperature under RSBPF treatment was 1.26℃ lower than that under RSWPF treatment, which indicated relatively mild warming and cooling effects and significant temperature stabilizing effects under RSBPF treatment. As for the vertical temperature changes in the plough layer depths of 0~25cm, RSBPF treatment held the same temperature stabilizing effects. Compared with CFS treatment, RSBPF treatment exhibited the effects of water storage and moisture conservation during dry seasons and the effects of water logging prevention during wet seasons, which is extremely beneficial for the optimization of soil water conditions under plough layers. In addition, under RSBPF treatment, from seeding stage to maturation stage, all growth stages occurred 10~15d earlier than those under CFS treatment, demonstrating that RSBPF treatment exerted significant effects in promoting nutritional growth at pre-growth stage. Tuber weight per plant was obviously higher under RSBPF treatment than those under RSWPF and CFS treatments, and the difference between these values were significant (P<0.05). Yield difference was also significant among different treatments (P<0.05), and under RSBPF treatment, yield was the maximum, which amounted to 46 612.35 kg·hm-2, representing an increase of 16.56% compared with that under CFS treatment. Therefore, RSBPF treatment (ridge sowing with black plastic film mulching) constitutes an effective cultivation measure for the Elite Seed Potato production of mini-tuber potato with a weight of less than 2 g in the testing areas.This research can provide a theoretical basis for the highly efficient elite seed cultivation of micro-tuber potato with a weight of less than 2 g in the cold and humid areas of northwestern China.
  • LIN Rongyan, ZHONG Huaiqin, HUANG Minling, LUO Yuanhua, LIN Bing
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2434-2442. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2434
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    The floral fragrance emitted at four stages of flowering and different flower parts of Polianthes tuberosa were investigated using headspace-solid phase microextraction combining gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the aroma constituents and contents were distinctly different in different flowering stages. In four stages of Polianthes tuberosa cultivar Albino, 9, 13, 16 and 31 species of fragrant component were detected, respectively. Along with the continuous development of flower, terpene compounds showed a high-low pattern, alcohol compounds showed a high-low-high pattern, phenolic compounds and ester compounds showed a trend of low-to-high. As for Polianthes tuberosa cultivar Tall double, 3, 3, 8 and 8 species of fragrant component were determined in four stages respectively. Along with the continuous development of flower, terpene compounds and phenolic compounds followed a pattern of low-high-low, and ester compounds showed a trend of low-high, while alcohol compounds presented a pattern of high-low-high. The aroma constituents and contents were different in different flower organs, 21, 12 and 20 aromatic components were detected from petals, pistil and stamens of Polianthes tuberosa cultivar Albino, respectively. Pistil mainly released terpene compounds, while petals and stamens mainly produced terpene compounds and phenolic compounds. These results provide a strong foundation for further study on molecular regulation mechanism of aroma compounds.
  • ZENG Huijie, WANG Xiaoming, QIAO Zhongquan, LI Yongxin, CAI Neng, LIU Sisi, LI Yun
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2443-2449. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2443
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    In order to study the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on the yield and quality of Lonicera japonica test of soil testing and formulated fertilization was carried out in Linyi, Shandong in the paper. Overall, three fertilizer factors (N, P2O5 and K2O) are designed, together with four fertilization levels (Level 0: no fertilizer application; Level 1: 0.5 time as much as the common fertilizing amount; Level 2: common rate of fertilizer application; Level 3: 1.5 times of the common rate of fertilizer application), totally 14 types of proportional fertilization treatments are involved. As is suggested in the findings, the fertilization treatment has a significant influence on the output of Lonicera japonica. Among them, the highest yield of N2P3K2 reaches 391.8 g, 37.6% surpassing the control. For every gram of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applied in the field, the output of bud was increased by 1.98 g, 8.21 g and 4.56 g, respectively. The phosphorus content of soil is the primary factor restricting the honeysuckle yield. In addition, the paper formulates the fitting equation of the yield per plant of honeysuckle and fertilization effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The recommended amount of fertilizer is 34.9 ~ 47.9 g, 13.1 ~ 14.4 g and 18.5 ~ 23.8 g respectively for N, P2O5, and K2O, with the yield per plant being 387.0 ~ 430.3 g. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are all positively correlated with the length of flower bud, among which the phosphorus fertilizer displays marked influence. Apart from that, the phosphate fertilizer also constitutes key fertility factor affecting the thousand-flower bud weight, as well as key element in the growth and development of bud. In terms of different fertilization treatments, a significant positive-corre ation was observed between the contents of phosphate fertilizer and chlorogenic acid. At the same time, the synergistic effect of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is positively correlated with the content of luteolin. The study provides a theoretical reference for the rational formula fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Lonicera japonica.
  • HU Guixian, SHAO Shengzhi, ZHANG Yongzhi, ZHU Jiahong, ZHAO Shouping, YUAN Yuwei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2450-2459. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2450
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    To explore the regional features and the traceability of geographical origin of Myrica rubra, the ratios of stable isotopes (e.g. δ15N, δ13C, δD and δ18O, etc.) and the content of multi-elements (e.g. Li, Be, Na, K and Fe, etc.) in Myrica rubra were determined using elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. Then, two pattern recognition methods, i.e. principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were applied to distinguish the geographical origins of Myrica rubra from five different provinces (including Zhejiang, Fujian, Yunnan, Guizhou and Jiangsu). One-way ANOVA showed that the stable isotope ratios and the contents of multi-elements in Myrica rubra show geographical characteristics at some content; however, the difference is not significant, the Myrica rubra from different provinces cannot be discriminated using single index. In PCA, the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first three principal components only comprised 42.77%, and the scores plots of all samples from different provinces appeared partial overlaps, which indicated that PCA cannot effectively discriminate the origin of the Myrica rubra in this context. Therefore, a novel PCA-LDA method was proposed, in which all samples were divided into three categories: Zhejiang, Fujian, and other provinces (including Yunnan, Guizhou and Jiangsu), and each category was randomly divided into training set and testing set via Monte-Carlo method for the modeling and accuracy validation. After 2 000 runs, the discriminant accuracy of the Myrica rubra using established PCA-LDA model was up to 99.6% for Zhejiang, and 90.3% for Fujian and 98.4% for other provinces, respectively. Therefore, the strategy combining EA-IRMS and ICP-MS detection with PCA-LDA method can be used in the traceability and discrimination of the geographical origin of Myrica rubra from different provinces.
  • TANG Shenghua, YE Qingfu, WANG Wei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(12): 2460-2468. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.12.2460
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    To scientifically elucidate the adsorption, desorption and leaching behaviors of antibiotics in soils, the batch equilibrium and column leaching experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption-desorption and leaching characteristics of 14C-erythromycin in seven kinds of soil, respectively. The results showed that the adsorption-desorption of erythromycin in seven kinds of soil could be well described by the Freundlich, Langmiur and linear models. The correlation coefficient R2 values range from 0.9810 to 0.9999. The free energy variation value for adsorption was less than 40 kJ·mol-1, suggesting that the adsorption of erythromycin to soil was mainly attributed to physical adsorption. Soil properties demonstrated significant effects on its adsorption, and the Kf value for seven kinds of soil roughly followed as S6> S3> S7> S5> S2> S4> S1.Statistical analysis demonstrated that the adsorption of erythromycin to soil was significantly correlated with the soil organic matter content. In desorption tests, erythromycin showed obvious hysteresis in all tested soil. The results from the column leaching tests showed that erythromycin had weak leaching ability in soil, with 66.86%~92.53% of 14C-erythromycin concentrated in the surface 0 to 5 cm soil layer. In general, the leaching ability of erythromycin was greatest in soil S1、S2、S4 followed by soils S3、S5 and S7, and weakest in soils S6. It was in accordance with the results from the adsorption test. This study demonstrated that erythromycin has potential risk of accumulating in the surface soil layer. The results from this study have important implication on assessing the environmental safety for erythromycin.