10 September 2017, Volume 31 Issue 9
-
Select all|
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1665-1671. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1665To evaluate the effect of space environment mutagenesis on agronomic traits and molecular-level variation in wheat, this experiment investigated the agronomic traits in the SP1 generation and polymorphism of inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers in the SP4,SP5 generations of three wheat cultivars (lines) carried by the recoverable satellite Shijian-8. The results showed that: After space environment mutagenesis, the agronomic traits of SP1 generation were significantly different from those of the wild type, and different wheat genotypes showed differential sensitivity to the space environment mutagenesis. The average genetic similarity index for the mutant lines and the wild type ranged from 0.8226 to 0.8777. At the DNA level, multiple loci in the mutants differed from those in the wild type. The inconsistent results of the sensitivity to space environment of SP1 and Nei's genetic distance between the mutants and the wild type may be explained by the high frequency of advantageous mutations resulting from artificial selection. Overall, this study illustrated that the space environment mutagenesis can induce mutations on molecular level in wheat, and can provide several excellent breeding materials for space breeding of wheat in China.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1672-1677. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1672To innovate glutinous rice varieties with rich nutrition components, the seeds of Ningjing 3 were irradiated by 250 Gy 60Co-γ rays, and combining tissues cultivation, a glutinous rice mutant Yuanpeinuo, with high yield, good quality and disease resistance, was successfully obtained. The rate of Yuanpeinuo kernels remained germ was over 80%. The germ-remaining rice of Yuanpeinuo, brown and polished rice of Ningjing 3 were used to detect nutrient compositions including protein, micronutrient elements, amino acids, etc. Meanwhile, composition contents among the three samples were also analyzed and compared. The results showed that protein content of the Yuanpeinuo with remained germ was 8.25%, content of K, Ca, Mg, Na, Gu, Zn, Fe was 898.41, 107.55, 95.13, 21.39, 1.11, 12.12, and 10.51 mg·kg-1, respectively, the total content of 17 types amino acids was 117.2 g·kg-1, and the content of essential amino acids was 39.6 g·kg-1. The nutritional value of Yuanpeinuo with remained germ was similar to that of brown rice of Ningjing 3, and significantly higher than that of polished rice of Ningjing 3. This work provides a scientific basis for further use and development of Yuanpeinuo.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1678-1683. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1678
The seeds of peanut variety Luhua 11 were used as materials for irradiation treatment by60Co-γ ray, and characteristics of the mutation progeny were studied, aiming at broading peanut genetic resources and breeding new peanut varieties. Obvious variations and segregations were observed in M2 generation from mutant Y-21, and some single plants with bigger pod and golden yellow endopleura were found to keep stable inheritance in M3 generation. The yield and quality characteristics were evaluated and detected in M7 generation. The characteristics of pod shape, pod size, kernel shape, color of testa and endopleura from two lines Y-21-2-4 and Y-21-3-2 could meet the standard of traditional export peanut. Y-21-2-4 and Y-21-3-2 lines also showed high yield, the yield of Y-21-2-4 was 13.79% higher than that of mutagenic parent Luhua 11 6.19% to 7.70% higher than Huayu 25 the control variety in Shandong regional tests. The oil content of Y-21-2-4 was 1.80% and 5.10% higher than that of Luhua 11 and Huayu 25 respectively. These newly obtained mutant lines will be used as materials in genetic study and breeding in peanut.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1684-1692. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1684In order to detect the stable QTL of rice lysine content and total content of flavonoids, a F6:7 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) containing 180 lines derived from two Japonica rice Dongnong 425 and Changbai 10 were used as experimental materials, quantitative trait loci(QTL) analysis of lysine content and total content of flavonoids in rice from 2014 to 2015 were analyzed by inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) and mixed composite interval mapping (MCIM). The results showed that, 10 QTL controlling lysine content and 12 QTL controlling total content of flavonoids were located across the chromosomes except chr 9, 10 and 12. Among them, the total content of flavonoids acid was detected between RM538-RM1271 repatedly in two years. 6 QTL controlling lysine content and 4 QTL controlling total content flavonoids were detected having interaction effects with the environment, the contribution of environmental interaction is 0.15% to 6.73%; and one QTL pairs with epistatic effects contributed 0.99%. The present study could provide the theoretical basis for marker assisted breeding of lysine content and total content of flavonoids in rice.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1693-1699. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1693To investigate the effect of the 60Co-γ ray treatment on the Epidendrum secundum capsule, different radiation doses of 60Co-γ ray (0 to 200 Gy) were used in this study, and the effect of radiation on the seeds germination and the seedling growth were investigated. The results showed that 20 Gy radiation dose can promote the germination rate compared with the control group, and the germination time was shortened. Under the radiation dose of 200Gy, the seeds could not germinate. The semi-lethal dose (LD50) was 78.08 Gy. The biological statistics analysis indicated the radiation dose had larger impact on plant height and leaf length, and had little effect on blade quantity and less influence on the leaf width. These results will lay the theory basis for radiation breeding of Epidendium secundum.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1700-1707. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1700In plant, catalase (CAT) plays an important role in detoxification of active oxygen species that are generated by various environmental stresses. To investigate the relationship between CAT and disease resistance to Lily Fusarium wilt, a novel CAT Gene was cloned from L. sargentiae Wilson by using RACE and RT-PCR, according to the EST sequence in of CAT SSH library induced by F. oxysporum. The full length of cDNA sequence was 1 743 bp with a complete open reading frame (ORF), which encodes 492 amino acids, the gene was named as Ls-Cat1(GenBank: KU355272). Amino acid sequence of the Ls-Cat1 was highly homologous with CAT genes of many plant species based on the results of alignment. qPCR analysis showed that the Ls-Cat1was up-regulated after infection by F. oxysporum. It was speculated that the Ls-Cat1 gene might play a certain role in the disease resistance reaction for Lily Fusarium wilt. The results of this research provided some valuable information for further disclosing the molecular mechanism of resistance to Lily Fusarium Wilt.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1708-1716. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1708MYB transcription factors in ornamental plants play a key role in the formation of color. In order to get insight into the type,expression pattern and functional mechanism of AaMYB1, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), bioinformatics software analysis, and fluorescence quantitative PCR detection were adopted to investigate this factor above problems. Over-expression vector were constructed and heterologously transformed to tobacco. The results showed that the obtained sequence contained a complete encoding region, which consisted of 912 base pairs, encoded 303 amino acid residues, and shared high similarity with homologous genes in other species. Fluorescence quantitative analysis showed that AaMYB1 expressed in different tissues of Anthurium, but the highest expression level was found in bract. 12 positive transformants were obtained by transgenic technology, and morphological observation indicated that anthocyanin accumulation was different with the level of exogenous gene expression, however, the color of all floral organs from different transformants deepeded significantly compared with the control. The results of this study provided a useful reference for further research on the MYB type transcription factors in Anthurium.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1717-1722. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1717Praxelis clematidea(Griseb.)R.M. King & H. Rob. and Ageratum conyzoides L. are invasive species widely distributed in southern China. To prevent these plants dispersal and use of them as botanical fungicides, their extracts were used against 28 species of pathogenic bacteria using the Oxford cup method. Plants were extracted with 70% ethanol, 95% ethanol, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. And the antibacterial properties of extracts from different organs were evaluated. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of these various extracts were different. The 70% ethanol extract of P. clematidea had the best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with an inhibition zone diameter of 26.28 ± 0.75 mm, whereas the 95% ethanol extract of A. conyzoides had the best antibacterial activity against S. aureus, with an inhibition zone diameter of 17.31 ± 0.46 mm. A comparison of 70% ethanol extracts of leaves, stems and roots from both plant species against S. aureus showed that the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts with 22.31 ± 0.34 mm and 19.52 ± 0.28 mm for P. clematidea and A. conyzoides, respectively were the best, followed by the stem extracts, with antibacterial activity of 22.25 ± 0.65 mm and 12.75 ± 0.45 mm, and root antibacterial activity of 11.78 ± 0.69 mm and 9.05 ± 0.53 mm. Furthermore, P. clematidea extracts showed antibacterial activity against 12 different bacterial strains and the fungus Aspergillus niger, while A. conyzoides extracts showed antibacterial activity against nine bacterial strains. These studies demonstrate the potential of these plants in producing botanical fungicides.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1723-1729. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1723All known members of the genus Deinococcus have strong radioresistance and great application prospect in environmental managements. Deinococcus radiodurans is the typical species of this genus and its mechanism of DNA damage repair and extreme stress resistance was studied very well. This paper summarized recent progress in the study of Deinococcus including physiology and mechanisms of radioresistance among its members, and the prospect of the application of these members in biotechnology, which may help researchers studying this new genus and its applications in production in the future.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1730-1736. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1730To investigate the effect of different dosages UV-C treatment on CAT activity, POD activity, PAL activity, MDA concentration and the inhibition of potato dry rot. The potato tubers during storage were taken as a material, treated with UV-C irradiation dose at 0, 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 kJ · m-2. The results showed that the activity of MDA and PAL in tubers were significantly decreased and the activity of POD was significantly increased by 5 ~ 45 kJ · m-2, UV-C irradiation dose with 5 kJ · m-2 could increase the activity of CAT in potato tuber after inoculation, irradiation dose of 5 ~ 45 kJ · m-2 could effectively inhibit the diffusion of potato tubule spot diameter, The optimum irradiation dose was at 35 kJ· m-2 for all concerned. This study confirmed that UV-C irradiation was helpful to improve the resistance of potato tuber to dry rot during storage. The results provided a theoretical reference for the use of UV-C as a new environmentally friendly potato storage method.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1737-1745. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1737The effects of low-dose electron beam irradiation on biogenic amines formation were studied to prolong the shelf-life of vacuum-packed octopus during storage. Vacuum-packed octopus were irradiated at doses of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kGy, respectively. Formation of biogenic amines and organoleptic properties were examined every 7th day during 63-day storage at 4℃. Six biogenic amines including putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, histamine and tyramine were detected. Putrescine, cadaverine, histamine and tyramine were decreased proportional to the irradiation dose. And irradiation exhibits the best inhibitory effect on histamine, which only detected in a few sample. Besides, electron beam irradiation inhibited the degradation of polyamines spermidine and spermine at the later storage. The changes of putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine under irradiation were commendably consistent with the high sensory quality, which were all less than 10 mg·kg-1. Based on the effect of electron beam irradiation, 1.0 kGy is the best dose on extensing the shelf life of high quality octopus to 35 days. The appropriate electron beam irradiation has a significant role for the industrial production of high quality octopus products.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1746-1752. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1746
To extend the shelf life, the cold fresh chicken were processed by comprehensive preserving technology using 300 mg·L-1 polyphenols + 200 mg·L-1 D-sodium erythorbate complex liquid immersing plus 2.5 kGy dose of γ-ray irradiation. The effects on total viable bacteria counts, bacteria phase, physical and chemical indexes, texture of the cold fresh chicken were investigated. Results showed that the number of the initial contamination bacteria of the cold fresh chicken was decreased after experimental treatment. The shelf life was prolonged from less than 14 days to 28 days. At the end of the shelf life, the total viable bacteria counts increased from 3.26 lg(CFU·g-1) to 5.57 lg(CFU·g-1), with pseudomonas and enterobacteria constituting of the dominant bacteria. The peroxide value was increased from 3.6 meq·kg-1 to 7.8 meq·kg-1 and the TVB-N value was increased from 8.24 mg·100 g-1 to 14.3 mg·100 g-1, as well as the texture and chrominance still met the national food safety standards. As a result, the comprehensive preserving technology could effectively extend the shelf life of the cold fresh chicken, which provides a technical support for the market expansion of cold fresh chicken.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1753-1758. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1753This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of irradiation on the sterilization effect and quality characteristics of cherry tomato. Cherry tomatos were selected as experiment materials D10 values of selected pathogens, colour, content of soluble solid were detected at room temperature after storing for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 days. Results showed that D10 values of E. coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Listeria innocua inoculated in cherry tomato were 0.088 kGy, 0.243 kGy and 0.264 kGy, respectively. Under room temperature irradiation at doses lower than 2.0 kGy did not have significant effects on L* values, a* values, b* values, or soluble solids content (SSC) of cherry tomato (P>0.05). Thus 2.0 kGy could be a suitable irradiation dose for Cherry tomato. This paper provided technical support in decreasing the content of pathogenic microorganism on cherry tomatos preservation, and also expanded a good application area for irradiation technology to use in fresh fruits and vegetables preservation.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1759-1766. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1759In order to investigate the microbial community structure and the population changes of predominant microorganism in Acetes chinensis under room temperature at varied storage periods, and to elucidate the relation between the microbial species and the quality of the products, the microbial diversity, predominant species and its changes in Acetes chinensis during different storage temperature at 25℃and 37℃ were investigated by means of traditional isolation and Illumina MiSeq technology. The results showed that four microbial species in two genus (Bacillusand Staphylococcus) were identified by traditional isolation methods, and showed single bacterial community. However, 12 genus were identified by Illumina MiSeq technology. During storage,the bacteria abundance showed the reduction, and the microbial diversity changed from complex to relative single community in all samples involved. The predominant spoilage bacteria are Alkalibacillus, Staphylococcus and Bacillus under the 25℃and 37℃ storage condition respectively. The community structure varied with different storage phase, showed significant differences after storing 9 days at 25℃and 6 days at 37℃, and the community structure changed quickly at 37℃. Compared to the traditional isolation method, using Illumina MiSeq technology can obtained more accurate and complete data of bacterial community change and provide rich the information of microbial diversity and community structure. The results of this study can help to understand the microbial effects on the quality of product during the storage processing, meanwhile it also provides the theory identification for development of rich products and quality control of Acetes chinensis.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1767-1774. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1767Experiments were carried out to investigated the combined effect of chitosan-nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) composite coating on the postharvest quality of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Fruits stored at 4℃ were treated with 0.2%, 0.5%, or 0.8% of chitosan coating comprised of 0.1% nano-ZnO, respectively. The changes of different quality parameters including rotten rate, weight loss rate, total soluble solids, titratable acid, vitamin C (Vc) content, respiration intensity, peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) during storage were determined. The results showed that coating sweet cherries with a mixture of 0.8% chitosan and 0.1% nano-ZnO showed a better postharvest quality than fruits treated only with chitosan(1.0% chitosan). Specifically, composited chitosan coating treatment could keep titratable acid, total soluble solids and Vc contents at higher levels, reduce rotten rate and weight lose rate. In addition, respiration rate, MDA accumulation, decreasing of CAT were delayed, enzyme activities of POD and SOD were inhibited under composited chitosan coating treatment. It was concluded that the composited chitosan coating, consisting of 0.8% chitosan and 0.1% nano-ZnO, showed the best performance in term of maintaining fruit freshness and delaying fruit ripen process. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the application of a modified chitosan based-coating in preservation of sweet cherry fruit.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1775-1781. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1775To establish a convenient, reliable and reproducible insulin resistance cell model, this study attempted to establish the HepG2 cells model by the method of high glucose and high insulin induced in vitro, and analyzed the results with the method of glucose-oxidase and MTT. At the same time, in order to verify the insulin resistance of the model, the IRS-2 and its phosphorylation were analyzed by Western Blot (WB). On the basis, the model was applied to analyze the hypoglycemic effect of glucose tolerance factor (GTF)and other chromium complexes. The results showed that the cell survival rate arrived at 96% after incubated with the high glucose medium (25 mmol·L-1) and high concentration of insulin (10-6 mol·L-1) for 48 h. Compared with the control group, the glucose consumption was decreased by 5.7% and the protein content of IRS-2 was decreased by 31.02%. The insulin-resistant model could maintain 48 h. Besides, when the concentration arrived at 1.0 μg·mL-1, the GTF had a significant effect on the glucose metabolism in the cells. In summary, the method is simple, reliable and reproducible, and it could be widely used in the study of hypoglycemic activity of natural active substances.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1782-1787. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1782In order to detect carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) rapidly, gold nanoparticles(GNPs) and aptamer were incubated at room temperature, then added the CEA and NaCl. With the concentration increase of of CEA, the color change of GNPs was analyzed. The results showed that the color of GNPs contains two CEA aptamers (18-mer and 19-mer) both changed with the concentration of CEA, from wine red to blue. The color changed showed the same trends when with real samples, in which the CEA concentrations ranged from 0 to 200 ng·mL-1 and the detection limit was 2 ng·mL-1 with fine specificity. The developed aptasensor may provide a simple, rapid and economic tool for early diagnosis of CEA.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1788-1793. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1788As a new kind of oligosaccharides, Soybean oligosaccharides have been known as natural and functional food. Soybean oligosaccharides have many health-related features, such as hard to be digested, low energy, and effective to reduce blood lipid by promoting the intestinal probiotics. Therefore, it is recognized that soybean oligosaccharides could improve lipid metabolism and reduce blood lipid and cholesterol level significantly. In this paper, we summarized recent studies on soybean oligosaccharides and the main mechanism on lowering blood lipid, and prospected the application of soybean oligosaccharides in the market, in order to lay a foundation for the further research and application of soybean oligosaccharides in the future.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1794-1802. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1794In order to investigate the mechanismof drought stress and drought tolerance at tillering stage on yield formation of cold-region rice, Songjing 6(drought-sensitive) and Dongnong 425(Drought-tolerant) were selected as test materials. Drought stress was started with the tillering stage, finished with 21 days after treatment, and the soil water potential was 0 kPa(control), -10 kPa(mild drought), -25 kPa(moderate drought), -40 kPa(sever drought), they were respectively recorded as A0, A1, A2, A3. The effects of different drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll total content, leaf area, yield and its components of cold-region rice were investigated. The results showed that the leaf area, Pn, Tr, Gs and Ci all decreased with the soil water potential. Besides, during the period of drought treatment the content of chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b ratio all decreased with the soil water potential, but the carotenoids was opposite. The yield of cold-region rice decreased significantly under drought stress, and the amplitude was opposite, of which the main reason is the significantly cut of effective panicle and spikelets numbers. It indicated that the cut of yield in cold-region rice was because the significant reduction of storage capacity and spikelets per unit area caused by low soil water potential. At the same time, compared with A0 the drop of yield in A1,A2 and A3 of Songjing 6 were 13.87%,20.87% and 32.51% respectively; while those of Dongnong 425 were 10.58%、15.21% and 25.52%, which were significantly lower than Songjing 6. Moreover,drought-tolerant varieties Dongnong 425 remained stronger growth and photosynthetic capacity. Therefore,the test was aimed to find out the mechanism of yield formation of cold-region rice under drought stress and enrich the physiological basis of drought resistance of cold-region rice.In order to provide theoretical basis for the establishment of water saving cultivation techniques of cold-region rice.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1803-1810. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1803In order to investigate effect of five different rotation modes on silage corn yield, quality and soil fertility, experiments with randomized block design were applied in 2014 and 2015 under the five different rotation modes of alfalfa-silage corn(A-C), barely-silage corn(B-C), wheat-silage corn (W-C), oat-silage corn(O-C), and lolium-silage corn(L-C). Corn-corn(C-C)was used as a control. The results showed that silage corn yield, crude protein, starch, crude fat, pH value, organic matter, available nutrients, and soil enzyme activities were significantly better in rotation mode than those in continuous mode (P<0.05). The silage corn yield, the starch, crude protein and crude fat contents were higher in the A-C treatment than the other treatments and control. These contents increased by 39.29%, 27.90%, 39.46%, and 28.30% respectively. With planting time increasing, invertase activities decreased significantly in the A-C and O-C treatments. The alkaline phosphatase activity decreased significantly in W-C treatment, while the planting time increased. Factor analysis showed that soil fertility depended on the rotation mode, where the soil fertility of A-C> O-C> B-C> W-C> L-C. The A-C rotation not only improved the yield and quality of silage, but also the soil quality. This study provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of a rotation system in the Yangtze River Delta region.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1811-1817. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1811In this study, the maize cultivar Xianyu 335 hybrid was used to investigate the physiological mechanism of SA on seed germination and early seedlings growth under low temperature condition. The maize seed soaking treatments were performed with 0.05 mmol·L-1 SA and deionized water (control, CK), and then we studied the effects of SA on maize seed germination, amylase activity, oxidative damage, protective enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment substances content under low temperature stress. The results showed that, compared with the control, seed germination rate, activity index, vigor index, fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings in SA-treated maize were significantly increased by 5.57%, 7.20%, 23.76%, 15.49% and 28.52%, respectively. In SA-treated maize seed embryo, the amylase activity was significantly increased by 28.6%、15.1%、9.6% and 16.9%, respectively, at 2, 6, 8 and 10 d after seed germination. However, the levels of superoxide anion free radical (
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1818-1826. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1818The accumulations and allocations of iron (Fe) in different organs of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under no tillage and conventional tillage measurements were investigated in three typical brown soils of main peanut producing sites (Wangcheng, Xiadian and Qishan) in Eastern Shandong, which was used to determine the difference in Fe nutrition characteristics of peanut. Results showed that conventional tillage treatment (soil plowing with 20 cm) improved the Fe accumulation in kernel of peanut while it was increased by 38.4%, 20.2% and 51.2% at Wangcheng, Xiadian and Qishan sites, respectively. The promotion of Fe in kernel significantly correlated with N accumulation in kernel and peanut yield (P<0.01). No tillage treatment induced the luxury accumulations of Fe in the parts of stem, leaf, peg and shell, and the Fe accumulations of four parts were increased respectively by 6.0%, 32.1% and 14.7% at Wangcheng, Xiadian and Qishan sites compared with conventional tillage treatment. Meanwhile, total Fe accumulation in the whole plant of peanut was also higher under no tillage treatment than conventional tillage treatment. Soil available Fe content and soil Fe activation coefficiency were decreased by 15.1~32.9% under no tillage treatment compared with conventional tillage treatment. In conclusion, soil tillage measurement could significantly promote the Fe content and allocation in kernel of peanut and decrease the invalid accumulation of Fe in the parts of stem, leaf, peg and shell, which effectively increased the Fe use efficiency in peanut field. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the rational Fe nutrition management in peanut field.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1827-1835. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1827To compare the difference of cold resistance of 8 Malus sieversii clones in different periods (January and March), and select the high-quality resources of Malus sieversii, breeding for cold resistance, the cold resistance of 8 Malus sieversii clones was measured and compared by electrical conductivity method (EL) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in two periods. The germination experiment was carried out after low temperature treatment in March. Both methods can calculate the cold resistance of Malus sieversii, according to the calculated semi-lethal temperature and germination percentage after low temperature treatment. The results showed that the relative conductivity of 8 Malus sieversii clones were significantly different at -20℃ in the periods. The semi-lethal temperature calculated by re, r1 and the conductivity method were significantly correlated in the periods(0.744*, 0.751*, 0.822**, 0.824**); The semi-lethal temperature in March(-33.97℃~-32.33℃) was significantly higher than that in January(-31.87℃~-26.33℃), and the difference among some clones reached the extremely significant level. The semi - lethal temperature of each clone had no significant correlation at 2 periods; The calculated semi-lethal temperature of clones M-3, M-6 and M-8 were lower which were -32.76℃, -33.97℃, -33.52℃ in January, and -30.47℃, -30.26℃, -31.87℃ in March. The germination rate of clones M-3, M-6 and M-8 were higher in the growth and recovery experiment in March which were 76.19%, 75.71% and 67.38% under -30℃ and 16.67%, 17.72% and 18.89% at -50℃. Clones M-3, M-6 and M-8 had better performance in 2 periods'cold resistance and germination experiment, which are the good resources for cold-resistant breeding. The results provide a scientific basis for further study of cold hardiness of Malus sieversii in different periods and select high-quality resources of cold-resistant breeding.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1836-1846. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1836Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) were used to investigate the role and relationship between ethylene and NO in the development of adventitious roots. As well, with the methods of physiology, pharmacology and cell biology to study the changes of cell cycle phase, photosynthetic system and nutrient content during ethylene-induced adventitious rooting involving the nitric oxide pathway. Treatments with different dosages of SNAP significantly affected the formation of adventitious root. The greatest rooting ability was observed in 50 μM SNAP-treated explants. Ethrel-releasing compound ethylene and SNAP treatments promoted the adventitious rooting of cucumber either alone or in their combination. The root number and root length of ethrel treatment were 62% and 103% higher than that of the control, respectively. The root number and root length of ethrel+SNAP increased by 82% and 128% over the control respectively. The application of both ethylene and NO significantly increased root number and length of the explants. It was observed that the effect of ethylene could be blocked by the specific NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,5,5 tetramethyimidazo-ine1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (cPTIO). However, there were no effect on endogenous ethylene production, indicated that NO may be acting downstream in ethylene signaling pathway during adventitious root formation. Ethylene and NO treatments at appropriate dosage increased the content of water soluble carbohydrate and water soluble protein and the content of chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters but decreased the content of starch of explants during rooting. At 12 h, the content of water soluble carbohydrate, Chlorophyll a and Fv/Fm of ethrel treatment were 75%, 190% and 28% more than the control, respectively. The content of starch in the control treatment was 33% lower than that in ethrel treatment at 4 h. Ethylene and NO treatments activated cell cycle with the transition of cell from G1 to S phase. While, ethylene-induced the changes of nutrient, photosynthesis and cell cycle were reversed by cPTIO. Thus, NO was required in ethylene-induced adventitious root formation process. This study provides some academic reference to the study of plant growth and development regulated by ethylene and nitric oxide, expands and enriches the knowledge of the mechanism of adventitious root formation in plant.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1847-1855. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1847Precise regulated deficit irrigation is the key technique for Isatis. The target of this study was to investigate the effects of regulated deficit irrigation at different growth stages on photosynthetic characteristics, yield andquality ofIsatis, which would provide theoretical guidance for efficient water managements. The experiments of Isatis were carried out in different amounts of irrigation and growth stages in Yimin Irrigation District of Gansu Province in 2015. With other growth stage under normal water condition, the effects of irrigation schedule of Isatis were measured on photosynthetic characteristics, biological quality characteristics, and yield effect during the indigotica. Nine sets of treatments were set up on the experiment, and eight sets were mildsoil water stress and moderate soil water stress, at seedling stage, vegetative stage, fleshy rootgrowth stage and fleshy root maturity, respectively. Meanwhile, the normal water supply during the whole growth period was as the control experiment.The results showed that theleaf photosynthetic rate (Pn),transpiration rate (Tr),stomatal conductance (Gs) of Isatis were significantly reduced by water deficit regulation (WDR) in nutrition growth period and taproot growth period. The yielol and water use efficiency (WUE) of Isatis root were respective 8 317.58 kg·hm-2 and 2.68 kg·m-3, respectively, and taproot growth period by medium WDR is the lowest. The quality of Isatis root was greatly improved especially in maturity period by medium WDR.The indirubin, indigo and (R,S)-epigoitrin content of Isatis root were improved 0.26、0.42、0.0165 mg·g-1, compared to the low WDR of maturity period. Therefore, considering the yield, quality, and irrigation water use efficiency, the moderate water deficit(degree of water deficit was 55% to 80% at fleshy root maturity,relative soil water content of other stages maintained at 65% to 100%)was the best irrigation frequency plan. This study provides a theoretical guidance for the efficient water management.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1856-1863. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1856To study the effect of different potassium level and planting density on growth, development, and potassium efficiency of oilseed flax and the oilseed flax Longyaza 1 was sown under field condition, with three planting densities (4.5×106 (low density), 7.5×106 (medium density), and 10.5×106 plant·hm-2 (high density)) and three potassium application rates (0, 45 and 90 kg·hm-2) were applied to investigate the effect of potassium rate and density on morphological characteristics, seed yield, oil yield, and potassium efficiency of oilseed flax. The results showed that plant height, effective branch and effective capsule per plant averaged decrease by 14.24%, 42.90% and 13.10%, respectively. However, technical length with medium and high planting density averaged increase by 10.43%. Moreover, the seed yield and oil yield firstly increased then decreased, seed yield increased by 9.21% and 3.71% and oil yield increased by 9.25% and 3.71%,respectively. The results of the present study revealed that potassium agronomic use efficiency of potassium declined by 26.12%, partial productivity with density increasing firstly increased by 7.46% and then 1.11%. Plant height, technical length, effective branch, effective capsule per plant and oil content of oilseed flax with potassium increasing gradually under the same density condition increased by 15.12%, 18.80%, 14.15%, 23.85% and 1.26%, respectively, compared to the non-potassium rate. Furthermore, the 1000-seed weight, seed yield and oil yield increased with potassium increasing under the low and high density, enhanced by 3.19%, 27.50% and 29.03%, respectively, and firstly improved then reduced with potassium increasing under medium density, increased by 7.46%, 23.10% and 23.80% with 45 kg·hm-2, and 5.25%, 19.33% and 21.92% with 90 kg·hm-2(K2O), respectively. Agronomic use efficiency and partial productivity of potassium decreased significantly, decreased by 47.55% and 49.52% with 90 kg·hm-2(K2O), compared to the treatment of 45 kg·hm-2(K2O). These results illustrated that 7.5×106 plant·hm-2 and 45 kg·hm-2(K2O) are effective measures of fertilizer-saving and high-efficient utilization to adapt local oilseed flax cultivation. The findings indicated that the higher seed yield of oilseed flax was obtained and potassium efficient utilization was improved by adjusting planting densities and the application of potassium rate during the high-yield cultivation of oilseed flax.
-
Physiological Responses to Cd, Pb Pollution and Expression Analysis of Antioxidative Genes in CeleryJournal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(9): 1864-1871. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.09.1864To explore the physiological changes and expression analysis of antioxidative genes in celery (Apium graveolens) under Cd2+ stress and Pb2+ stress, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd2+) and lead (Pb2+) single and combined stresses of cadmium (Cd2+) and lead (Pb2+) on contents of Cd2+ or Pb2+, chlorophyll (Chl), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and POD), and were tested the expression of antioxidative genes with qRT-PCR in celery. The results showed that the concentration of Cd2+ or Pb2+ was promoted in single Cd2+/Pb2+ and Cd2+-Pb2+ combined pollution. Compared with CK, the influences of Cd2+, Pb2+ single andcombined stress on contents of Chl, GSH, MDA and activities of SOD and POD in the leaves were very significant difference (P<0.01) during the whole growth cycle of celery. Content of Chl was increased under the low concentrations of Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+-Pb2+ combined stress, but decreased under high concentrations and long time. The effects of Cd2+, Pb2+ on MDA, GSH, SOD and POD followed the order of Cd2+-Pb2+ combined>Cd2+>Pb2+, but after treated with the concentration of Cd2+ ≥4 mg·L-1, the destructive effects on Chl showed Cd2+>Cd2+-Pb2+>Pb2+. The effects of Cd2+, Pb2+ on activities of POD and SOD in celery leaf were similar. Both existed hormesis effect. Contents of MDA and GSH were promoted gradually with heavy metal concentration increasing. Expression patterns of Cat, Gpx, Mn-sod and Apx had the similar results under Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+-Pb2+, and such reduction was Cd2+-Pb2+ combined>Cd2+>Pb2+. In a conclusion, this study demonstrated that physiological system and antioxidant system of celery were damaged under Cd2+ and Pb2+ stress.
