10 January 2017, Volume 31 Issue 1
    

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    Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
  • ZHANG Dong, FANG Yunxia, PAN Jiangjie, JU Peina, CUI Jun, GE Changwei, ZHANG Xiaoqin, HU Jiang, GUO Longbiao, DONG Guojun, XUE Dawei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0001
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    The mapping and cloning of genes related to spikelet development is not only conducive to understanding the molecular mechanisms of spikelet development, but also has an important theoretical value for rice molecular design breeding. In order to study the molecular mechanism of spikelet developemnt, a no spikelet mutant, nsp1 ( no spikelet 1 ) was identified from an ethyl methylsulfonate (EMS) induced rice mutant library. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. By using SSR and designed STS markers, NSP1 was finally fine mapped to a 41.6 Kb interval between markers zd38 and zd30 on chromosome 4 containing 7 candidate genes. Among these genes, LOC_Os04g56780 is a WUSCHEL homologous gene involved in shoot apical meristem development, which may be the candidate gene of NSP1. These results will facilitate map-based cloning and functional analysis of NSP1 gene.
  • LI Guoliang, LIU Zhonghua, XU Yongqing, ZHANG Hong, LI Huawei, JI Rongchang, LUO Wenbin, QIU Sixin, TANG Hao, QIU Yongxiang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 8-13. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0008
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    In order to understand the light and temperature regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaf-vegetable sweetpotato leaves, the anthocyanin contents and expressions of associated genes were studied with Fucaishu 23 under different temperature and light quality treatments. The results showed anthocyanin contents in leaves did not have a positive linear correlation with expressions of associated genes. High temperature can inhibit the anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaves of Fucaishu23, real-time PCR results showed the expressions of downsteam genes DFR and F3H were repressed. Compared with the white lights, blue lights promoted the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in Fucaishu23 leaves, whereas red lights inhibited anthocyanin biosynthesis, and mixed lights showed little differences. Although the anthocyanin content of old leaves was higher than that of new leaves, the expressions of structural genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis in new leaves were higher than that in the old leaves.The study has guiding significance for improving the anthocyanin contents in leaf-vegetable sweetpotato.
  • XU Li, CHEN Xin, ZONG Xiaojuan, WEI hairong, ZHANG Lisi, LIU Qingzhong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 14-20. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0014
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    Abiotic stresses are major factors which significantly affecting the growth and yield of fruits. To explicit the characteristics of a dehydrin gene and its response to drought, high-salt and cold, RT-PCR and RACE technologies were used for cloning of PcDHN1 and bioinformatic methods were applied for characterizing the dehydrin gene and its deduced protein. The gene expression patterns were analyzed by using the real time qRT-PCR. A sweet cherry rootstock dehydrin gene PcDHN1 was cloned and sequencing analysis showed that the cDNA of the dehydrin gene is 893 bp in length, and encodes 225 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of about 23.98kD and pI of 8.65. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated that PcDHN1 possessed typical characters of LEA family and was sorted into YnSK2 subfamily of dehydrins. The expression analysis revealed that PcDHN1 was induced by drought-, salt-and chilling-stresses, while insensitive to the chilling-stress. It was deduced that PcDHN1 might play important roles in stress tolerance of drought and high-salt. These results provided references for stress-resistant genetic engineering breeding of sweet cherry rootstocks.
  • XIAO Peilian, LYU Xiaotong, HOU Lixia, MA Qian, HAO Jie, LIU Xin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 21-28. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0021
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    In order to explore the function of VvWRKY54 in plants, the study isolated VvWRKY54 from the resistant variety Vidal Blanc of grape by homologous cloning, analyzed the sequences using bioinformatics approaches and the expression pattern by Real-Time PCR. The results indicated that VvWRKY54 was 942 bp in length, encoding a protein of 313 amino acids. The molecular weight of VvWRKY54 was 35.309 kDa, isoelectric point was 5.45 and instability coefficient was 55.03, speculating it was unstable protein. It shared high homology with WRKY54 in Populus trichocarpa and in Arabidopsis thaliana. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that it was located in nucleus. Real-Time PCR analysis indicated that VvWRKY54 expressed in different tissues, with the highest expression in grape shoots tip. VvWRKY54 expression was up-regulated by low temperature, salt stress, and other stress factors. Meantime,VvWRKY54 was also induced by salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO), and the expression induced by SA reached the highest at 12 h, which up to 50 times than the control. These results indicated that VvWRKY54 has an important role in plant development and stress resistance, which contributes for further illustrating its function and molecular mechanism.
  • WANG Haibo, GUO Junyun, ZHAO Zhijun, ZHANG Liju, GONG Ming
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 29-36. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0029
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    Peroxidase 73 belongs to the class Ⅲ of the plant heme-dependent peroxidase superfamily. All memebers of this family share hydrogen peroxide and other superoxides as the electron acceptor and catalyze a multistep oxidative reaction involving eliminate the toxic effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phenols and amines etc. In order to analyze the response mechainsm of POD73 gene to chilling environment in Jatropha curcas based on transcriptome data of Jatropha curcas under chilling-hardened, a new gene encoding peroxidase 73 (named JcPOD73) was cloned by RT-PCR from the stem of J. curcas seedlings. The full-length cDNA of JcPOD73 is 1516 bp, containing an entire open reading frame (ORF) of 987 bp. This ORF encodes a polypeptide of 328 amino acids with the molecular weight of 35.8 kDa and the pI value of 9.16. Bioinformatic analysis of deduced amino acid sequence and 3-D structure showed that the JcPOD73 protein contained 2 Ca2+ binding motifs and one heme-active site, belonging to peroxidase superfamily. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that JcPOD73 was characterized as tissue-differential, with abundant and remarkably cold-induced expression in root and stem, but scarcely in leaves. The present study might provide a significant foundation for further studies on the gene function and gentic improvement of POD73 gene in Jatropha curcas.
  • CHEN Xin, TAO Jinzhong, WU Qianming
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 37-43. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0037
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    In order to study the pathogenesis and biomarkers of luteal cysts in dairy cows, proteomics classic two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to detect and analyze the differences in proteins of luteal cysts and normal luteal tissues.PDQuest8.0 software was employed to detect and analyze protein spots after brilliant blue staining. Six proteins were identified by MALDI TOF/TOF-MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry,namely: α-1-acid glycoprotein (alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, AGP), glial fibrillary acidic protein (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP), nuclear phosphoprotein (nucleophosmin, NPM) ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase (ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase, UCH),bovine serum albumin crystal structure A chain (Chain A, Crystal Structure Of Bovine Serum Albumin In),a serine protease inhibitor protein A3-5(serpin A3-5). Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, nucleophosmin, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase, serpin A3-5 were highly expressed in the tissue cysts, whereas, bovine serum albumin crystal structure A chain was found expressed only in normal tissue.Through analyzing the expression of these six proteins, it was found these proteins may be related to corpus luteum cyst and then hormone abnormalities. The findings of differentially expressed proteins in luteal cysts, not only provides theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis of corpus luteum cysts in dairy cows, but also for discovering and mechanisms of luteal cysts.
  • CHAI Shuaijie, WU Pengcheng, RONG Ruijuan, HAO Yujie, SHI Jianan, GUO Yalu, DING Guotao, HAN Yuning, ZHAO Zhijing, WEI Jian, YIN Changcheng, LIU Guozhen
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 44-50. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0044
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    In order to establish a method for detecting CP4-EPSPS protein in transgenic plants, and reveal the expression patterns of CP4-EPSPS at different growth stages in transgenic rice, CP4-EPSPS-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies were generated using recombinant CP4-EPSPS protein as immunogen, Western blot (WB) procedure was established to detect CP4-EPSES protein in rice, CP4-EPSPS protein signal can be detected with only 0.63% of single grain sample. In addition, CP4-EPSPS protein was essentially constitutively expressed in representative tissues at different development stages, its expression were higher in sheath, rachis, hull and leaves than those in basal internodes, sheath, and embryo. The established method has potential application in the detection of CP4-EPSPS protein in transgenic rice.
  • LIU Ling, GE Chunfeng, WANG Tao, CHEN Menglong, QIAO Yushan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 51-58. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0051
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    In order to explore in vitro regeneration rate and autoteraploid inducing effeciency, the leaves of Fragaria nilgerrensis plantlet were used for studying the influences of different combinations of plant growth regulator on shoot regeneration, and the shoots were employed to investigate the effects of colchicines at different concentrations and treatment times on chromosome doubling. The results showed the best medium for in vitro F. nilgerrensis shoot regeneration was MS +1.0 mg·L-1 TDZ +0.1 mg·L-1 IBA on which the shoot regeneration was up to 73.19%, the highest mutation rate was 13.33% under treatment with 0.15% colchicines for 48 h, 12 autotetraploid lines were identified by chromosome counting.The genomic DNA content of autotetraploid lines was doubled and their chromosome number increased from 14 (2n=2x=14) to 28 (2n=4x=28) as well. Compared to diploid plants, the autotetraploid lines showed stronger growth vigor with bigger, thicker and darker leaves, smaller leaf index, bigger stomas, and more chlorophyll.The obtainment of autotetraploid lines laid a foundation for further utilization research on Fragaria nilgerrensis.
  • ZHANG Hong, LONG Hongzhou, LU Guodong, CHEN Ren
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 59-65. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0059
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    In order to develop an effective method for inducement and identification of polyploids in Lycium ruthenicum , the imbibed seeds and germinated seeds of diploid L. ruthenicum were used to treat with different concentration of colchicine and different treatment duration to induce the polyploid plants. Flow cytometry was used for identification of ploidy in the plant generated from the colchicine treated seed by determination of their relative DNA contents in leaves, and compared with the results by tradition methods such as chromosome counting, stomatal size or density, chloroplast count as well as morphological trait measurement. The results showed that a high doubling efficiency of 33.3% was obtained from the germinated seeds treated with 0.1% colchicine (supplement with 2% DMSO) for 24 h. Tetraploid and octoploid plants were identified using flow cytometry. Polyploid plants were characterized as dwarfism, slow-growing with dark green, thick and curl leaves that were more brittle and easy to break. Moreover, their stomatal density reduced, while the width increased obviously in the lower epidermis. The methods developed in the present study is convenient and effective for inducement and identification of polyploids plants, and supply a favorable technique for new variety breeding in L. ruthenicum.
  • XIAO Huan, CAO Hong, ZHAI Jianqing, HAN Yan, WANG Zhidong, GAO Meixu, WANG Xinghai, CHEN Xiulan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 66-72. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0066
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    In order to study the microflora composition of the dominant spoilage organisms on bittern duck paws, the traditional bacterial isolation and cultivation as well as 16S rDNA flora analysis have been used for identification the dominant spoilage organisms on bittern duck paws which have been stored under the constant-temperature of 35℃ for 10days. The result shows that the dominant spoilage organisms on bittern duck paws, according to the traditional bacterial isolation and cultivation, are Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas; while the 16S rDNA flora analysis shows that there are 9 classes with 13 kinds of community structure on the bittern duck paws. Since there are still certain differences between the microflora of the dominant spoilage organisms got from the traditional bacterial isolation and cultivation and that obtained by 16S rDNA flora analysis, combined the results obtained with the two research methods, the author has identified Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Pediococcus, Actinomyces and Pseudomonas as the dominant spoilage organisms on bittern duck paws. The identification to the microflora of dominant spoilage organisms on bittern duck paws would provide research basis to the adoption of well-focused antisepsis and fresh-keeping measures as well as the prolongation of the shelf-life of the bittern duck paws.
  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
  • WANG Jingjing, ZHANG Chengjin, WANG Haiyan, YE Qingfu
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 73-79. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0073
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    Vacuum-packaged geoduck clams were treated with gamma ray irradiation(0, 2.1, 4.2, 6.3 and 8.4 kGy)and electron beam irradiation(0, 2.1, 3.9, 6.1 and 8.0 kGy)to investigate the difference between both irradiations patterns on the nutritional composition, pH value, biogenic amines and total viable counts. The results showed that gamma ray and electron beam irradiation could effectively decrease total viable counts and D10 were 3.2 kGy and 3.1 kGy respectively. For both patterns, there was no significant difference in inhibiting the growth of microbes during storage period and no significant effect was found on contents of protein, moisture, ash and fat. These two irradiation treatments played an important role in pH stability of geoduck clams, which can inhabit the decrease of pH values durign storage period. And pH values of electron beam irradiation treatment and gamma ray irradiation treatment were 6.80 to 6.94 and 6.68 to 6.92, respectively, during storage period. Total amount of biogenic amines of both irradiation treatments were lower than the control during storage period, meanwhile, no significant difference was observed between the two different types of irradiation for inhibiting the increase of the total biogenic amines. In conclusion, electron beam irradiation played the similar role as gamma ray irradiation in physicochemical property, nutrients and bactericidal effect of geoduck clams. This paper is intended to provide a theoretical basis for the irradiation utilization on geoduck clams.
  • LU Jianlong, PANG Lei, CHAI Shouxi
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 80-87. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0080
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    To understand the effects of HMW-GS on quality properties in spring wheat and correlation of different score system of HMW-GS, the relationship between HMW-GS composition or number and quality properties in spring wheat was studied,the different score system of HMW-GS were evaluated. The results show that the wheat quality properties in spring wheat which have Null subunit are worse than those have 2* subunit or 1 subunit. Glu-B1 loci have little effect on quality properties of spring wheat. 17+18 subunit was just better than 7+8 subunit in the gluten index and than 7+9 subunit in extensibility(L). There was obvious effect of the different HMW-GS composition on wheat properties in Glu-D1 loci. 5+10 subunits were better than 2+12 subunits; there were difference or significant difference in gluten index, granularity, ash, P, W, IE, PRMAX and WA. Based on analysis, the contribution in Glu-1 loci to the sping wheat quality properties was Glu-D1> Glu-A1> Glu-B1 in Glu-1. The Payne’s score system was the most correlative in four score systems of HMW-GS. The results could provide useful reference for early generation selection in spring wheat breeding.
  • SHEN Shengfa, WU Liehong, LI Bing
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 88-95. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0088
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    In order to study the edible quality differences of sweet potatoes with various carotenes under early harvest cultivation, the content and taste index of carotene, dry matter, soluble sugar and reducing sugar were determined from 60 strains by early harvest cultivation test. In addition, the difference in nutrition and taste of different carotene groups, tuber swell types, and dry matter types were compared, and the correlations between nutritional composition, taste, and yield traits of tuber were analyzed. The results showed that reducing sugar content and taste of cooked potatoes had certain advantages in high carotene group, and the advantage of viscosity was very significant in taste index. In high carotene group, nutrition and taste of early swelling type were significantly better than late swelling type, and its taste was comparable to early swell type in medium carotene group, significantly better than early swelling type in low carotene group. The sugar in cooked storage root and taste of medium dry matter type in high carotene group were comparable to medium dry matter type in medium carotene group, significantly better than other dry matter type in different carotene groups. The taste of orange-fleshed sweet potato was mainly related to its soluble sugar content in cooked tuber and characteristics of tuber swelling. In brief, under early harvest cultivation, sweet potato with high carotene could bring about good performance of edible quality, and the varieties with root early swelling, medium dry matter content and soluble sugar content of more than 12% in cooked tuber should be selected as early harvest cultivation. The research results could provide a basis on food utilization and varieties choice of sweet potato with high carotene.
  • CHEN Qiuping, ZHU Huiling, LIU Hesheng, YU Keke, QI Xiangyang, SONG Yunfei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 96-103. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0096
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    In order to develop a method for the analysis of mogroside compounds in fresh fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii and explore its variation during postharvest storage, the contents of six main mogroside compounds in Siraitia grosvenorii were measured by HPLC, and the established method was further used to analyze the variation of main mogroside contents in seeds,peel and pulps of Siraitia grosvenorii fruits after storage at room temperature for 0,7,14 and 60d. The results showed that the HPLC detecting condition of six main mogroside compounds in Siraitia grosvenorii were as follow: Waters SunfireTMC18 (4.6mm×150mm I.D. 5μm) with column temperature 25℃, and the mobile phase was 0.1% (v/v) phosphoric acid solution (A) and acetonitrile (B) with gradient elution(0~10min:10%~17%B;10~20min:17%B;20~30min:17%~20%B;30~40min:20%B;40~50min:20%~23%B;50~60min:23%B;60~70min:23%~26%B;70~80min:26%B). The detection was carried out using a photodiode array detector at 203 nm, and the flow rate was maintained at 0.8 mL/min. The established analysis method had a good linear relationship (R2≥0.9992), good precision (RSD 0.91% ~1.40%) and reproducibility (RSD 0.97% ~3.89%)and high recoveries (97.99% ~102.34%). Six mogrosides were present mainly in peel and pulp, which was higher in pule than in peel. In Siraitia Grosvenorii fresh fruit, mogrosideⅡA2 content was the lowest, and mogrosides Ⅴwas the most rich. With the extension of postharvest storage time, the bitter mogrosides content reduced while sweet mogrosides increased gradually. MogrosidesⅡA2 in Siraitia grosvenorii fruits was disappeared after 7-day storage at room temperature, and the contents of other five mogrosides were increased. After 14-day storage, the contents of mogroside Ⅲ and mogroside Ⅳ were reduced, whereas mogroside Ⅴ and mogroside Ⅵ increased, and the content of 11-oxo-mogrosideⅤunchanged. The established method was simple, precise and stable, and the results provided evidence for reasonable selection of storage methods and the quality control of Siraitia grosvenorii fruits.
  • QI Yan, TAN Xin, CHENG Anwei, SUN Jinyue, XIE Chunyang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 104-109. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0104
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    In order to improve the utilization of by-products from grape, free and bound phenolics were extracted from kyoho grape peel and seed. The individual compounds of free and bound phenolics were analyzed by HPLC, and the antioxidant capacity of phenolics was determined by DPPH and FRAP methods. The results showed that catechin was the major compound in free phenolics from grape peel. Epicatechin and catechin were the major compounds in free phenolics from seeds. Chlorogenic acid and epicatechin were the major compounds in bound phenolics. The significant antioxidant capacity was detected in free and bound phenolics. The level of antioxidant activity of grape polyphenols was as following: free phenol in seed > free phenol in peel > bound phenolic in peel > bound phenol in seed. This study will provide a basic data support for the application of grape by-products.
  • LIU Shulai, ZHOU Huan, HE Xiaoqing, LIU Jianhua, DING Yuting
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 110-117. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0110
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    In order to improve the functional properties of silver carp myofibrillar protein, different proteases (trypsin, neutral protease, and neutral protease-trypsin system) were adopted in the limited enzymatic hydrolysis. The degree of hydrolysis, molecular weight of protein hydrolysate, morphological analysis and functional properties were determined. The dynamic changes of functional properties during enzymatic hydrolysis were revealed. The results were shown that myofibrils were shorten obviously during the hydrolysis of protein. The solubility of hydrolysate also increased rapidly. The sarcomere amount of myofibril protein was mainly 1 to 3 after enzymatic hydrolysis of 80 minutes. The solubility of hydrolysates hydrolyzed by trypsin, neutral protease and protamex after 80 min of hydrolysis reached to 61.2%, 36.9%, 58.4% respectively. The emulsifying properties and foaming properties have a tendency of firstly increasing and then decreasing. The hydrolysate of protamex at 40 minutes of hydrolysis exhibited maximum emulsifying activity (65.5m2·g-1 ) and foaming properties (110%), while the hydrolysate of trypsin exhibited maximum emulsifying stability (46.6 min) at 20 minutes of hydrolysis. SDS-PAGE revealed that all of the myofibril hydrolysates had a 20~30 kDa of average molecular weight and a 5% of hydrolysis degree. Screening of protease is essential to the improvement of protein solubility. The controlling of hydrolysis degree to maintain higher molecular weight hydrolysate is necessary for the modification of protein emulsifying properties and foaming properties. The outcome can provide scientific basis for the enzymatic modification of myofibril protein.
  • LI Yulong, YANG Ye, LU Guoquan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 118-124. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0118
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    Normal pressure frying process of sweet potato chips are faced with high oil content and poor color, hinder the development of sweet potato chips frying processing under normal pressure. In order to optimize the sweet potato chips fried technology, using uniform design method, taking oil content, moisture content, brightness L*, yellow b* as the indicators of uniform design experiment, multiple regression analysis was carried out on the data. The results showed that the oil content was influenced by various factors as: fried time > preliminary drying temperature > fried temperature > temperature drying time, influence was highly significant. Moisture content was influenced by various factors and is in line with the quadratic polynomial regression model, influence is significant. L* and b* were mainly affected by frying time and frying temperature. Indicator principal component analysis showed that the extraction of two principal components can explain 90.09% information of the index and achieved target of dimension reduction. Ridge regression analysis had established the regression model of comprehensive score, degree of fitting R2=0.9943, which can be a very good fitting on composite scores of product. Partial least squares regression analysis predicted that the best comprehensive score for the process parameters is preliminary drying temperature 90 ℃, preliminary drying time 20 min, fried temperature 120 ℃, fried time 4 min, the comprehensive score was verified of 0.82, which was higher than the highest score 0.80 of uniform design experiment. The optimization process product has such advantages as low oil content, low moisture content and good color, and the related model had good prediction ability. The result of this study provide a reference for the actual production and processing of sweet potato.
  • Isotope Tracer Technique·Ecology & Environment·Physiology
  • YUAN Tianyou, WANG Junzhong, JI Jianhua, NIU Junyi, MU Lan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 125-134. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0125
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    The objective of this study is to clarify the changes in available phosphorus and P balance, and to provide a scientific basis for rational fertilization. The fixed field experiments were carried out in a rotation system of winter wheat and summer maize in the tidal soil area at different regions of Henan Province in 1998, including conventional fertilization (CF)and non-fertilized (CK). The accumulation of soil total phosphorus, available phosphorus and organic matter were determined and analyzed after each harvest. The results showed that under long-term application of non-fertilized (CK), the soil P always remained a wane status, and the soil available P was in a state of exhaustion. Under long-term conventional fertilization condition, soil available P increased at 12 monitoring sites, and decreased at 2 sites. There was an extremely significant positive correlation between changes of available P and soil P balance (P<0.01), with an average wane of 100 kg P·hm-2, the soil available P declined by 2.7 mg·kg-2 in the CK treatment, and with an average surplus of 100 kg P·hm-2, the soil available P increased by 1.2mg·kg-1 in the CF treatment.The change of available P along with Soil P balance was significantly positive correlated with the soil organic matter content (P<0.01, CF:R2=0.5542, CK:R2=0.4039). The results provided scientific foundation for the application of phosphate fertilizer and regulation of soil phosphorus.
  • GUO Baowei, LI Chao, WEI Huanhe, WANG Zijie, XU Ke, ZHANG Hongcheng, DAI Qigen, HUO Zhongyang, WEI Haiyan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 135-144. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0135
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    In order to study the differences in grain yield and formation mechanism of indica-japonica hybrids of Yongyou series in different plant height types under the high yield cultivation conditions, a field experiment was conducted with short type (<135cm) including Yongyou1952, Yongyou1956, and Yongyou4395, middle type (140 to 150cm) including Yongyou4340, Yongyou4348, and Yongyou4356, high type (>155cm) including Yongyou4304, Yongyou4306, Yongyou4377, and Yongyou5373. Differences in grain yield and its components, stems and tillers dynamics, dry matter accumulation and translocation, dynamics of leaf area, photosynthetic potential and canopy structure characteristics were analyzed systematically. The two-year results showed that the grain yield of M type was increased by 21.26% and 30.50% compared with the types of S and H, which was mainly attributed to its higher seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight. From the critical stage of productive tillering to jointing stage, growth rate of the stems and tillers of M type was relatively slow, and after the jointing stage, the number of stems and tillers decreased. The dry matter accumulation of M type was small before heading, which reached 10.51t·hm2 from heading to maturing stage. From heading to maturity, the single stem of M type showed “V” shape change and the maximum output, the maximum output rate and the maximum conversion rate of S type was the highest. In addition, the apparent output, the apparent output rate, and the apparent conversion rate from heading to maturity of M type were the smallest. During grain filling, the leaf area of M type decreased slowly, photosynthetic potential and grain-leaf ratio were higher. Compared with S and H types, the width and size of the top three leaves was appropriate, and the posture by light and canopy light transmittance were both great. M type had large storage capacity depending on reasonable canopy structure and large LAI. The production and transport capacity of the photosynthetic material were strong in the middle and later period. At the same time, it kept the stability of flow capacity, promoted the full capacity, and achieved high yield finally. The findings have important significance for breeding plant height of indica-japonica hybrid rice.
  • QI Weicong, ZHANG Tifu, CHEN Xi, WANG Jun, PENG Yamin, FEI Yueyue, GU Minfeng, ZHAO Han
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 145-155. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0145
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    In order to evaluate the differences of salt tolerance among different quinoa germplasm resources, using 123 germplasms as material, seedling salt-tolerance experiments were conducted under four salt concentrations of 100, 150, 250 and 350mM, to identify the salt stress phenotype. The result indicated that within the tested germplasms, 3, 20 and 94 of them could tolerate 350, 250 and 150 mM NaCl treatment, respectively, but none was sensitive to 100 mM. Later, salt-stress experiments of whole growth cycle were carried out with six germplasms, three (PI 614921, Ames 13726, Ames 13761) of which could tolerate 350 mM, and the other three were modern cultivars (Pasto, Atlas and Riobamba) that can tolerate 250 mM. The saltconcentrations were 100, 150 and 250mM. The plant height, chlorophyll content, the dry weight of the root and aerial-part in four weeks after salt treatment and harvest period as well as the seed yield were assayed, respectively. The result showed all of the indexes measured negatively correlated with the salt concentration, the salt stress largely influenced the dry weight of the root, but relatively had minor effect on the grain-yield. Finally, the modern cultivars Pasto, Atlas and Riobamba were selected for the field trial in saline soil of which the EC value is as high as 7.0 mS·cm-1. Two planting densities were set as 5 cm×12.5 cm and 5 cm×50 cm (the distance between plants × the distance between rows). The results showed that the highest yield of the three chosen cultivars were 2.18, 2.48 and 2.26 t·hm-2, respectively, of which Atlas and Pasto fitted the high-density culture and Riobamba fitted the low-density. To sum up, this study indicated that quinoa was a salt-tolerance species, its salt-tolerance level varied largely in different germplasm; the salt stress had relatively minor effect on quinoa yield, and it suggested that saline land culture could restrict the yield of quinoa limitedly, the outstanding salt-tolerance nature and economic value of quinoa will be of great importance in the further utilization of saline land.
  • ZHENG Wei, XIAO Guobin, XIAO Xiaojun, LI Yazhen, CHEN Ming, LIU Xiaosan, HUANG Tianbao, WU Yan, YE Chuan, ZHU Changlan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 156-162. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0156
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    In order to achieve maturity conformance of rape siliques and simultaneously mechanic harvesting and threshing interplanting rape in double cropping rice, 40% ethephon was employed for evaluation of mature-acceleration, with four dosage gradients (0, 3000, 4 500 and 6 000 mL·hm-2) and three spraying stages (April 20th, April 22nd and April 24th), mature-acceleration, yield and quality were investigated. The results indicated that higher dosage and earlier spaying of ethephon could result in faster color reverse and obvious dehydration of silique, as well as apparent declining of 1000-grain weight and yield. In the respect of rapeseed quality, the content of protein, linoleic acid and saturated fatty acid increased gradually, whereas the contents of oil, oleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and arachidonic acid displayed a decline trend. From the aspect of easy machinery harvest, ethephon was employed for accelerating maturity of rapeseed siliques with no obvious yield decreasing occurred, and the optimized content has determined as 3000 mL·ha-2 of 40% ethephon and sprayed at 6 to 8 days or 4 500 mL·hm-1 at 4 to 6 days before maturity. These results provide practical references for acceleration of maturation with ethephon in rapeseed.
  • SHENG Liyan, LI Meihua, LYU Jing, SUN Wen, PAN Jie
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 163-168. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0163
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    A high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was established for the determination of dicyandiamide in soils with self - prepared dicyandiamide-15N4 as internal standard. Soil samples were prepared by ultrasonic solvent extraction and refrigerated centrifugation. The mass spectrometer was operated in the positive mode using SRM. The linear range of the dicyandiamide concentration was obtained from 10 to 50μg· L-1 with correlation coefficients (r2) more than 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 5 μg·L-1 and 16μg·L-1, respectively. The recoveries were between 97% to 104%, and RSD value less than 1.2% (n=6). The testing results of three kinds of soil samples by this method agreed to their expectation. The method was simple, sensitive and accurate, filling in the gaps in the analytical technics of soil research.
  • BAI Yu, TANG Xiaoqing, SHI Shenglu, WANG Yu, YANG Yue, WANG Yongzhong, WANG Kangcai
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 169-178. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0169
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    To study the effect of nitrogen nutrition on the growth and accumulation of active ingredients in Isatis indigotica Fort., a pot experiment was carried out using two nitrogen combinations by different times. The nitrogen combination A (7.5mmol·L-1 (NH4)2SO4,2.5mmol·L-1 KNO3,5.0mmol·L-1 CO(NH2)2) was sprayed at the pre-stage and the nitrogen combination B (2.5 mmol·L-1 (NH4)2SO4,5.0 mmol·L-1KNO3,10.0 mmol·L-1 CO(NH2)2) was sprayed in the later stage of I. Indigotica by different frequency, marked as T1 to T9. The chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic parameters, growth indexes and the contents of active ingredients treated by different frequency of two nitrogen combinations were determined. The results showed that the leaf chlorophyll relative content (SPAD), leaf dry weight and root dry weight gradually increased with the growing time after different applying frequency by two nitrogen combinations. The regular pattern of net photosynthetic rate, the contents of indigo and indirubin in leaves, the content of (R,S)-epigoitrin in roots with the growing were not obvious. The taproot diameter by T3, roots dry weight by T1, leaves dry weight by T7, (R,S)-epigoitrin content in roots by T4, indigo content in leaves by T2 and indirubin content in leaves by T3 were the highest in all treatments. In consideration of the dry weights of leaves and roots, indirubin content in leaves and (R,S)-epigoitrin content in roots, we suggested that the nitrogen combination A should be sprayed 1 time at the pre-stage and nitrogen combination B should be sprayed 1 time in the later stage of I. indigotica in order to gain better Isatidis Radix. The nitrogen combination A should be sprayed 3 times in the pre-stage and combination B should be sprayed 1 time in the later stage of I. indigotica in order to gain better Isatidis Folium. The results of this research provide the theoretical basis for rational application of nitrogen for I. indigotica.
  • WANG Mei, ZHAO Guangcai, SHI Shubing, CHANG Xuhong, WANG Demei, YANG Yushuang, GUO Mingming, QI Zhen, WANG Yu, LIU Xiaocheng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 179-186. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0179
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    In order to explore the effect of nitrogen rate and irrigation after anthesis on photosynthesis and filling characteristics in black wheat, a pot experiment with two-factor randomized block design was carried out at the experimental station of the Institute of Crop Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2014-2015 to study the effect of nitrogen rate and soil relative water content after anthesis on photosynthesis and filling characteristics in black wheat. The tested black wheat varieties was Luozhen No.1. There were three nitrogen application rates at 150 kg (N)·hm-2, 240 kg (N)·hm-2, and 330 kg (N)·hm-2, respectively, which were defined low, middle, and high treatments, and marked as N1, N2, N3. Three levels of soil relative water content were applied at 75% to 85% (Adequate water supply treatment), 55%~65% (middle water stress treatment) and 35% to 45% (serious water stress treatment), and marked as W1, W2 and W3, respectively. The result shows that SPAD and Pn are increased with adequate water supply treatment of 75%~85%, but declined with serious water stress treatment of 35% to 45%. Theoretical highest kernel weight, max filling rate, average filling rate and filling duration were the highest for W1 treatment and the lowest for W3 treatment. Max filling rate and average filling rate were increased with increasing of nitrogen application rate at the serious water stress treatment. The most suitable nitrogen application amount and water supply were 240kg·hm-2 and adequate water supply treatment. This study provides a theoretical basis for higher yield of black wheat.
  • TIAN Maocheng, DENG Xiaohua, LU Zhongshan, TIAN Feng, CHEN Zhifeng, ZHANG Mingfa, ZHANG Liming
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 187-193. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0187
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    In order to perfect the system of tobacco quality evaluation, the physical properties indexes of flue-cured tobacco were comprehensively evaluated by adopting the ways of principal component analysis and gray effect measure with the flue-cured tobacco samples from Xiangxi in 2011. The results showed that the flue-cured tobacco leaves from Xiangxi have the characteristic of slight-thin leaf, loosen-leaf construction, strong hygroscopicity and higher-stem ratio. Significant differences were observed in length with leaf width proportion, stem ratio, thickness of leaf and weight per unit leaf area among different counties. However, the differences in weight per leaf, balance water ratio, physical properties indexes were not significant among different counties. The sequence of physical properties indexes was Huayuan county > Longshan county > Luxi county > Guzhang county > Yongshun county > Baojing county> Fenghuang county. The physical properties indexes of the top 5 towns were Zhiyan town, Liexi village, Paibi town, Luota town, and Maoping village. The physical properties indexes decreased gradually from central areas to west and east in spatial distribution. The physical characteristic indexes can be used to sort the quality of physical characteristics of different samples or different tobacco-planting areas; and that reflected the quality of the physical characteristics comprehensively.
  • WANG Jing, WANG Yao, WANG Fangyu, HU Xiaofei, YAO Jingjing, DENG Ruiguang, HOU Yuze, ZHANG Gaiping
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 194-200. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0194
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    In order to detect the residual of PMG, high sensitive, specific and polyclonal mice antiserum was prepared through animal immune and Glyphosate (PEG) artificial antigens were synthesized. Immunogen PMG-BSA and coating antigen PMG-OVA were synthesized using EDC by linking carrier proteins BSA and OVA to PMG. UV scanning, SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry were used to identify the coupling product. The BALB/c mice were immune, respectively, and the poly-antiserum was prepared through broken tail method. The titer of antiserum was determined by indirect ELISA, and sensibility and specificity was determined by indirect competitive ELISA . The results showed a high titre above 1×10-4 of the antiserum of all the four BALB/c mice. The sensitivity of antiserum of No.3 mouse was the best with IC50 of 31.4 μg·mL-1 and has high specificity, which showed no cross-reaction with other organ phosphorus pesticides. In this study, PMG artificial antigens were successfully synthesized. PMG poly-antiserum with high sensibility and specificity were obtained, and this poly-antiserum may lay a foundation for further study on preparation of PMG monoclonal antibody and the immunology fast detection methods.
  • WU Hongsong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(1): 201-207. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.01.0201
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    To investigate the toxicological effect of the rare earth element Cerium on fish, the activities of scavenging free radicals and the antioxidant enzymes in hepatopancreas and kidney were detected. The Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus (carp) was fed with the basic feed including 0, 20, 42 and 65 mg·kg-1 ceriumnitrate for 60 days. Results showed that the anti-oxidation capability of carp was improved significantly in the groups of 42 and 65 mg·kg-1 ceriumnitrate, especially the former group. In the group of 20 mg·kg-1 ceriumnitrate, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the hepatopancreas and kidney were increased remarkably and the hydroxyl radical resistance in the hepatopancreas was decreased significantly. In the treatment of 42 mg/kg ceriumnitrate, the hydroxyl radical resistance, thecatalase (CAT) activity and the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity were declined both in the hepatopancreas and kidney. Meanwhile, the malonyldihyde (MDA) content of the kidney, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the superoxide anion free radical resistance of the hepatopancreas were all decreased remarkably. However, the activity of SOD in the kidney was increased observably in this treatment. In the last group with 65 mg·kg-1 ceriumnitrate, the hydroxyl radical resistance, the CAT activity, the MAO activity, the MDA content of the kidney and the hydroxyl radical resistance, the CAT activity, the MAO activity, the superoxide anion free radical resistance, the SOD activity, the GSH-Px activity of the hepatopancreas were all decreased significantly. Nevertheless, the SOD activity and the GSH-Px activity of the kidney were increased remarkably in this treatment. Additionally, this study showed that the hepatopancreas was more sensitive to ceriumnitrate supplement compared with the kidney. In conclusion, the rare earth element Cerium was added in a proper amount in the basic feed can enhance antioxidant abilities of fish. The results of this research has offered the reference materials for rational utilization and related study in the feed additive of rare earth elements.