27 February 2016, Volume 30 Issue 2
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 209-215. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0209In this study, a red-flesh and late-ripening mutant of Sanyue plum was obtained via 60Co-γ ray radiation. ISSR molecular marker technique was employed to study the variation of the mutant at DNA level. 14 primers with polymorphism selected from 22 primers were used to analyze the genetic differences among Sanyue plum, mutagenic materials had no significant variations with the mutant. The results indicated differences between the parent and the mutant could be detected with eight primers on the molecular level. The results propose that plum mutants obtained by irradiation can be distinguished by ISSR markers. The results could offer the references for early identification of radiation mutation breeding in plum.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 216-223. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0216Traditional Cross breeding of Osmanthus fragrans is very difficult due to small size of flowers, styles, and very few of pollens. To investigate the effects of irradiation on Osmanthus fragrans seeds, seven varieties of Osmanthus fragrans were irradiated with different radiation doses of 60Co-γ, and the effects of radiation on seed germination and seedling growth were observed. The results indicated that the effects of radiation on seed germination varied among different varieties. Except for Zi Yingui, seed germination rate of the other six varieties was negatively correlated with radiation doses, the rate of germination and seedling were decreased with the increase of doses. Semi-lethal dose of six varieties of Osmanthus fragrans was 267, 151, 146, 135, 98 and 55Gy for Huangchuang jingui, Zhigeng zi yingui, Duanbing Zi yingui, Mihua Zi yingui, Jinzhan bzhu and Kuanye zi yingui respectively. Lower dose (50Gy) of radiation increased the germination of Huangchuan Jingui, Duanbing Zi Yin and Jinzhan bizhu. With high dose (200Gy),the rate of germination and seedling were inhibited greatly, especially with 250Gy, all materials except Zi yingui, the others cannot germinate. The results will provide a theory basis for mutation breeding and accelerate the breeding process of Osmanthus fragrans.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 224-230. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0224The purpose of this paper is to explore parthenocarpic genes of cucumber and preliminarily identify the function of the genes by transcriptional study. In the study, based on localization of the major parthenocarpy QTLS, 118 genes were identified referred to biological process e.g. cell cycle, cell growth, hormone signal transduction. Co-analyzing with the transcriptome data, 10 different expression genes were selected and their potential function were annotated by KEGG. The expression patterns of the 10 genes responding to differently developed cucumber fruits were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Only the CsCRT1, CsLON, CsTRAPPC4, CsRABEPK and CsPOT have up-regulate expressed during parthenocarpy fruit set; the Cs5NG4 expressed contrary between the parthenocarpy and pollination progress. These may attribute to improve the available cultivars of facility cucumber through utilizing of candidate gene resources.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 231-239. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0231To screen functional genes related to resist rice sheath blight disease,, a gene encoding a nucleoporin (nup), named as OsSeh1, was cloned from rice Nipponbare (Oryza sativa L.spp.japonica,var nippobare) in this study. OsSeh1 shared identity with AtSeh1 of Arabidopsis thaliana, and Seh1 proteins from different plant species contained the same conservative domains. Protein OsSeh1 was observed exclusively in the nucleus of tobacco leaves. In rice plant, the expression of OsSeh1 gene was induced by salicylic acid or sheath blight agent Rhizoctonia solani. The expression of OsSeh1 at 48 hours point reached the peak under the induction of salicylic acid and the quantity was 2 times higher than that at 0 hour point. The highest expression quantity of OsSeh1 at 24 hours was as 3.5 times as that at 0 hour point, with treated with Rhizoctonia solani. 15 days after inoculation with Rhizoctonia solani, the disease degree results overall showed that T1 rice plants over-expression of OsSeh1 were more resistant to Rhizoctonia solani. On the contrast, RNA interference (RNAi) rice lines were more susceptible to Rhizoctonia solani. In T1 over-expression rice plants with significant resistance, relative expression quantity of OsSeh1 is 6 to 11, which higher than 2.47 in wild type rice Nipponbare. Otherwise, relative expression quantity of OsSeh1 is 0.2 to 0.6 in RNAi rice plants with obvious susceptibility. These results showed that rice resistance to Rhizoctonia solani was positively correlated with OsSeh1 expression levels. OsSeh1 was preliminarily proved to be an important gene in rice resistance to sheath blight,and this work will give a new thinking of improving sheath blight resistance by using rice genes resource.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 240-245. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0240Flavonol synthase, catalysing dihydroflavonol to flavonol, play a key role in flavonoids metabolic pathway. In order to study the function of flavonol synthase in flavonoids metabolism of tartary buckwheat, Tartary buckwheat flavonol synthase gene FtFLS2 was cloned by homology-based cloning.and a prokaryotic expression vector pET47b-FtFLS2 was constructed The overexpressed protein was purified by cobalt chelating chromatography and served as antigen for polyclonal antibody preparation and for enzymatic activity assay. The results showed that the recombinant FtFLS2 protein was expressed in a soluble form in E.coli BL21 Star(DE3) and had the catalytic activity to convert dihydroquercetin to quercetin. Western blotting results indicated that FtFLS2 was mainly expressed in immature seeds of tartary buckwheat. These results laid the foundation for further revealing the relationships between FtFLS2 expression level and accumulation of flavonoids in Tartary Buckwheat.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 246-251. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0246In order to study the function of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from Suaeda glauca, the full-length cDNA of BADH gene, which was named as SgBADH was cloned from Suaeda glauca by homologous clone strategy. The SgBADH gene was analyzed through the bioinformatic method and expression pattern. Bioinformatic analysis showed that SgBADH encoded a 500 amino acids hydrophilic protein, which was predicted to be located in chloroplast. Further analysis showed that, SgBADH gene was induced by NaCl and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, suggesting that it may play an important role in salt tolerance of S. glauca.At the same time, SgBADH gene was inserted into a plant expression vector and transformed into Agrobacterium tumefacions strain EHA105, which laid a foundation for further studying the BADH function and molecular mechanism involved in salt resistance of S. glauca.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 252-258. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0252D. radiodurans is one of the most radiation-resistant organisms known till today. The radiation-resistance of D. radiodurans is due to its efficient DNA-repair system. Pentose phosphate pathway acts as the centre of carbon metabolism generating nucleotide,NDAPH and the ribose needed for synthesizing nucleic acid. In order to explore the impact of PPP on DNA-repair system in D. radiodurans R1, the zwf gene which encodes the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were knocked out and the biophysical and biochemical difference between Δzwf and D. radiodurans R1 under UV radiation were analyzed. The lack of G6PD blocks the PPP in Δzwf. The results showed that the mutant Δzwf became more sensitive to UV radiation, and the sensitive phenotype can be fully and partially compensated with gluconic acid-lactone or D-Ribose. Additionally, the content of metabolites, such as D-ribose, NADPH, IMP and UMP, in Δzwf has decreased. The current results suggest that PPP provides substrates and energy for the DNA-repair system in D. radiodurans R1 and plays an irreplaceable role in the UV radiation resistance. The result of the study provides reference for the mechanism of DNA damage reparations.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 259-266. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0259Cytochrome P450 plays a very important role in the biosynthesis of plant phenylpropanes, alkaloids and terpenoids, etc. In order to learn more about the type and quantity of P450 in Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd, P450 genome has been screened and analyzed based on the amino acids and cDNA database of Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. The evolutionary relationships, gene physical mapping, as well as secondary structural elements of P450 in whole-genome of Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd are analyzed. A total of 226 P450 genes are initially identified in Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd genome. The distribution of 226 genes on the chromosomes can be known by gene mapping analysis. Many chromosomes contain gene clusters except the chromosome 4,5,9. The relationship of gene structure and evolution are further identified according to the comparison of the gene structure and evolutionary tree. Analysis of the secondary structure showed the P450 protein sequence of Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd also has the characteristic domain of P450 protein. These findings establishes the foundation for further analysis of the function of P450 gene in Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 267-274. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0267Flowering time (FT) refers to the time from open till closure of lemma and palea in single spikelet. FT synchrony is the most important factor influencing production of hybrid seeds, especially to those potential heterosis combinations between japonica and Indica, due to the japonica CMS’s during flowering. The present review concerned the advances on the flowing characteristics, study methods, genetic, breeding practice, which will benefit to the effort on removing the flowering time asynchronization obstacle and promoting hybrid rice seeds production.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 275-281. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0275In order to determine the appropriate ozone concentration for red grape storage under the ice-temperature(-1℃),the grapes were treated with ozone concentration of 2.5 and 5mg·L-1, and the quality and physiological index of grapes were measured regularly during storage. The results showed, ozone had better antibacterial effect, compared to the control groups, ozone treatment reduced rotting rate and threshing rate, delayed decreasing of soluble solid content and titratable acidity,and the low ozone concentration (2.5mg·L-1) had better storage quality than high concentration (5mg·L-1).So under the ice-temperature, the proper ozone treatment concentration for red grape storage was 2.5mg·L-1.This research provided a reference for screening out the safe, effective, economical and practical method of non-sulfur storage method.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 282-287. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0282To investigate the effects of temperture and maturation on postharvest physiology indexes of fruits, respiration intensity, ethylene evolution, POD activity, CAT activity, SOD activity and variations in MDA content were studied during the storage of two maturity Xinjiang Zaohuang fig fruits with room temperature and low temperature. The results showed that the effects of storage temperature on postharvest physiologies proved to be significant difference, low temperature can significantly prolong the fruit’s storage life and shelf life, relieve the accumulation of MDA and reduce the activity of defensive enzymes. There was no significant difference in peroxidase activity and MDA content with different post-harvest fruit maturity, but respiration peak and ethylene peak of low maturity fruit were 4 to 10h delayed comparing to higher maturity fruit. Therefore, low temperature and low maturity is propitious to postharvest preservation of Xinjiang Zaohuang fig fruits. This research would provides a important theoretical significance on the storage of fig fruit.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 288-294. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0288In order to evaluate the difference of apple pomace nutrient substances and contents from Chinese difference locations, nutrient substances from apple pomace of 14 areas of 9 provinces in China were determined, and variation coefficient was used to evaluate the effect of location on the nutrition. Results showed that, moisture contents of 14 areas apple pomace were ranged from 3.49% to 14.21%, ash contents were ranged from 1.20% to 3.35%, protein contents were ranged from 4.93% to 8.78%, fat contents were ranged from 3.73% to 6.99%, dietary fibre contents were ranged from 60.21% to 69.59%, insoluble dietary fibre contents were ranged from 49.24% to 61.03%, soluble dietary fibre contents were ranged from 6.72% to 13.58%, sugar contents were ranged from 1.20% to 16.07%, starch contents were ranged from 0.48% to 5.29%, polyphenol contents were ranged from 2.07 g·kg-1 to 6.28 g·kg-1. The nutrient substances content were different from different resource. The moisture, sugar and starch were with bigger difference and protein, fat, dietary fibre, insoluble dietary fibre and soluble dietary fibre were with smaller difference. According to the nutrient substances difference and the location difference of apple pomace, we also put forward scientific and reasonable development and utilization proposal.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 295-303. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0295The aim of this study is to synthesize pyridine chitosan(Py-chitosan) by introducing the pyridine group onto the chitosan backbone and test its antioxidant activity. The resulting polymer was characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis and NMR. The degree of substitution (DS), solubility, toxicity and in-vitro antioxidant activity of Py-chitosan were further investigated. Results showed that pyridine was introduced onto chitosan with substitution degree of 0.66 and better water-soluble properties and it was non-toxic. Scavenging power for ·OH, DPPH and reducing power of Py-chitosan had been improved compared with water soluble chitosan (WSC). In the β-carotene bleaching assay, Py-chitosan showed strong inhibition power towards linoleic acid. Also, IC50 of Py-chitosan was 0.9 mg·mL-1 and at 1.8 mg·mL-1, the inhibition rate was up to 60.7%, while that of WSC was 27.5%. The study will provide theoretical basis and reference for application of chitosan in the field of food additives and free-radical scavengers.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 304-312. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0304To study on the twin-screw extrusion process of Enteromorpha prolifera corn noodles, whose major ingredients are corn and E.prolifera. The study researched the effect on the sensory and cooking qualities of noodles under the different situations like temperature of sleeve, the addition of E.prolifera and the speed of screw. The results showed that the best technique conditions are as followed: the temperature of sleeve end was 90.14℃, the addition of E.prolifera was 15.53%, and the speed of screw was 150.08r·min-1. Under this condition, the predicted degree of the loss rate of dry matter and the absorption of cooked water were 12.76% and 112.69%, and the validity value were 12.94% and 112.56%, which fitted the forecast value by RSM. This article provides a basis method for the development of new E.prolifera food.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 313-322. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0313To solve the frog collagen peptide (LWT) as a chemical raw material in storage and processing of bad smell, use metal catalyst Pd/Al3O2 desulfurization process, and the response surface method was used to optimize the metal catalyst trends of LWT deodorization process, using electronic scanning electron microscope and energy spectrometer(EDS) analysis of processing samples. The results show that the optimum conditions for the the metal reagent of LWT deodorization was TXJ added amount of 7.30%, the reaction pH6, the reaction time 0.55h, the reaction temperature 43.75 ℃, has been tested the integrated indicators can be achieved in this case 82.38; And after the metal reagent, LWT no significant changes in the shape and activity was not affected. And element types contained no change, sulfur elements Wt% and At% decreased significantly.The results could provide reference basis for the peptide powder deodorization.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 323-331. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0323In this experiment, the 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole hapten was synthesized, which was used to prepare the immune antigen and envelope antigen, with activated ester method to link to a carrier protein. And the hapten was identified. With the antigen prepared 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole common antibody,the ELISA of 5 kinds of nitroimidazoles was established. The results showed that: An antiserum with titer of 1:100 000 was prepared and an ELISA for simultaneously detection of multi-residues of nitroimidazoles in foods of animal origin and recovery of 85.65%-108.459% had been established, the LOD was as low as 1.9×10-4mg·L-1. The cross-reaction rates to 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, metronidazole, tinidazole, dimetridazole and Secnidazole were above 95%. This study provided the technological base to the fast testing of veterinary drug residues in foods of animal origin.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 332-337. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0332The major nutritional components and lipid compositions in fishskin of Theragra chalcogramma were analyzed, and the fatty acid profiles were also detected to evaluate its nutritional quality by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the nutritional value and development of instant food in fishskin of Theragra chalcogramma. The results indicated that the total lipid content was 6.09% as dry weight, primarily including triglycerides (53.85%) and phospholipids (25.54%). C16∶0, C18∶1n-9, C20∶1n-11, C20∶5n-3 and C22∶6n-6 were the predominant fatty acids, and C20∶5n-3 and C22∶6n-6 accounted for 27.64% of total fatty acids. Additionally, the ratio of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was 0.85∶1.00∶0.92, and atherogenic index (AI) and thrombogenic index (TI) were 0.50 and 0.23, respectively, which showed the fishskin could promote the development of nervous system, and effectively prevent against cardiovascular diseases, such as antilipidemic, antiatherosclerosis antithrombotic. Therefore, the fishskin of Theragra chalcogramma conformed to the human nutritional requirement for fatty acids. Meanwhile, the results should provide theoretical basis for nutritional evaluation and the value-added comprehensive utilization of the fishskin of Theragra chalcogramma.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 338-346. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0338The application of super absorbent polymers (SAP) to agriculture is one of the effective measures to solve the problems of drought resisting and water retention in arid-semiarid region and the use of agrochemicals is an indispensable part as well. So it is obviously important to study and clarify environmental behavior of agricultural chemicals when coexisted with SAP. In this study, explored the release profile of Carbendazim loaded by hydrogel (H-MBC) in distilled water. Bound residue and extractable residue of H-MBC and Carbendazim (MBC) in soil were investigated by 14C-isotope tracing, and the uptake of 14C labeled H-MBC and 14C-MBC by Oil spiced cabbage(Brassica chinensis L.)was also studied. The results showed as follows: 14C-Carbendaizm derived from 14C labeled H-MBC was slowly released in water, and the release longevity could be prolonged to more than 360 h. The extractable residue (ER) for both 14C labeled H-MBC and 14C-MBC decreased with time, reaching 10.70% and 6.95% of applied amount respectively after 34 days of incubation. The bound residue (BR) of 14C labeled H-MBC and 14C-MBC in soil increased first then decreased after a certain time, and the inflection point occurred after 28 days and 14 days respectively. Around 35.71% ~52.51% of applied H-MBC and 23.87% ~ 43.26% of MBC formed BR. The uptake of both 14C labeled H-MBC and 14C-MBC by Oil spiced cabbage was limited, and about 0.08%~1.64% of the applied amount, indicating that neither H-MBC nor MBC would lead to high residue in plant. The disappeared proportions (14C labeled carbon dioxide and/or 14C-labeled methanoic acid) constitute 30.17%~52.66% of applied 14C-labeled H-MBC, 32.26%~65.75% of 14C-MBC, demonstrating that the encapsulation of hydrogel decreased the volatilization and mineralization of carbendazim derived from H-MBC. The results were helpful to understand the environmental behavior and fate of H-MBC in soil-plant system and paved a way for safely-rational use of SAP and agrochemicals, as well as their environment-friendly and development tendency.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 347-354. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0347Rice is one of the most important food crops in China, the realization of their super-high-yielding is of great significance in ensuring food security in this country.In order to investigate the characteristics of water and nitrogen efficient utilization of rice with different types of rice production.This study was targeted at investigating dry matter accumulation and remobilization of assimilates from vegetative tissues to grains in rice under the site-specific nitrogen management and the whole growth period of moderate dry wet alternate irrigation technology(T2) using two rice cultivars Yongyou 8 and Su10-100 as material. The results showed that compared with the conventional water and fertilizer management(T1), the dry matter accumulation from panicle differentiation period to mature period and non-structure carbohydrates(NSC) content in stem-sheath were increased significantly, the remobilization percentage of export and conversion of dry matter and NSC in stem-sheath were also enhanced, and the Yongyou 8 was significantly higher than the Su 10-100. The effective spikelet number was decreased, but the grain number per spike, setting percentage, grain plumpness and 1000-grain weight were increased under T2, meanwhile the Su10-100 and Yongyou 8 were increased by 6.21%, 2.53%, 1.68%, 13.63%, 3.3%, 8.1%, 10.35% and 9.06%, respectively, and that the inferior grains had more gain-weight increasing than superior,two varieties were reached 16.3% and 15.9%, respectively. Therefore, the rice under T2 has larger accumulation of dry matter at middle and later period and higher remobilization percentage of assimilates from vegetative tissues to grains, the spikelets showed highness of grain number and setting percentage and good enrichment degree especially in inferior spikelets,so as to improve grain yield.The study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the high yield cultivation of rice and the high efficiency management of different types of rice.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 355-363. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0355In order to understand the dynamic pattern of endogenous hormones in leaves of the main stem of winter wheat varieties sowed in spring. A field experiment of two sowing dates(Ⅰ: early sowing; Ⅱ; normal sowing) was carried out at Xinding basin with 2 winter wheat cultivars imported from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river region in China, Yangmai 13 and Yumai 10. Those varieties were sowed in spring in Xinding basin area of Shanxi province. The results showed that dynamic changes in endogenous hormones in leaves of the main stem of winter wheat varieties sowed in spring in different developmental stages were observed. Jointing and flowering stages were the critical periods for regulation of endogenous hormones. Path analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that partial correlation coefficients of endogenous hormones at jointing stage (GA and ABA) and flowering stage (ZR and GA) had obviously positive effect on grain weight, and partial correlation coefficients of them with yield were 0.88~0.91, and 0.995~0.997, respectively. GA contents were more correlated with the production. The difference in endogenous hormones of cultivars was greater than that of sowing dates. GA contents of Yangmai 13 was more stable,and ABA contents was obviously lower than others. The ratios of GA to ABA、IAA to ABA、ZR to ABA、and (GA+ IAA+ ZR) to ABA in Yangmai 13 were higher than those in Yumai 10. The above mentioned results suggested that Yangmai 13 had stronger ability to regulate endogenous hormone contents for adapting different environments under winter wheat varieties sowed in spring. Grain yield, spike number and grain number per spike of Yangmai 13 were significantly higher than those of Yumai 10 and Ning 2038, and yield of Yangmai 13 in early sowing treatments were obviously high. The theoretical reference was provided for the growth and yield formation of winter wheat varieties sowed in spring regulated by the endogenous hormone research.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 364-371. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0364To explore exogenous EBR's relief of soybean seedlings Cd poisoning mechanism, soybean variety Hei Nong 48 was employed as the test material and treated under nutrient solution culture with different concentrations (0.01,0.05,0.1,0.2,0.5mg·L-1 ) 24-epibrassinolide (24-epibrassinolide, EBR) process soybean seedlings under 10mg·L-1 Cd stress, to investigate the effects of exogenous EBR on the height and root growth, peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) three kinds of antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, chlorophyll content of soybean seedlings under Cd stress. The results showed that under Cd stress, not significant difference was observed between spraying 0.01 to 0.1mg·L-1EBR on soybean growth index and the Cd stress alone , while the treatment with high concentrations of EBR spraying 0.2 to 0.5mg·L-1 the optimum concentration range EBR could significantly increase plant height, root length, fresh weight underground, underground dry weight, compared with Cd stress alone increased by 17.9%, 17.2 %, 33.3% and 38.1%, respectively. Low concentration EBR (0.01 and 0.05mg·L-1) did not significantly improve three kinds of antioxidant enzyme activities and chlorophyll content or decrease MDA content not, in (0.1 to 0.5mg·L-1) spraying the optimum concentration range EBR, after treatments of 2d and 8d stress make POD, CAT, APX activities and chlorophyll content than Cd treatment alone increased 42.6% and 48.1%, 33.4% and 67.7%, 116.8% and 64.8%, 29.7% and 39.1% , while MDA concentration decreased by 19.7% and 27.8% than the individual Cd treatment. Thus, 0.1 to 0.5mg·L-1EBR was more appropriate spraying concentration, and the 0.5mg·L-1EBR was the optimal spray concentration. Appropriate concentration of exogenous EBR could promote the growth of soybean under Cd stress, improve the antioxidant enzyme activities, reduce the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation and photosynthetic system damage, was conducive to enhancing the capacity of plant resistance to Cd stress. This study to elucidate the role of EBR relieving the injury of soybean seedlings under Cd mechanism provides the theoretical basis.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 372-378. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0372The aim of the present study was to investigate effect of seed shape and weight on germination and provide a theoretical basis for cost saving of peanut seed selection.With four peanut varieties seeds as materials,a hydroponic experiment was carried out to study the relationship between seed shape, weight and peanut seedling growth The results showed that no significant differences were found between seed germination potentials of four varieties . No difference was observed between germination percentage of Huayu 22 seeds, however, large and medium weights of seeds of the other three varieties reached significant difference or extremely significant level with small type which showed the lowest germination percentage The tendency of water absorption percentage among three weight types from better to less followed the order of small, medium, and large. Both water absorption quantity and water absorption rate among three weight types had similar trend which from better to less was large, medium, and small. The water absorption percentage had a negative correlation with seed weight, seed length, seed width, and seed thickness and had the maximum relational degree with seed width, while the minimum with seed thickness. The quantity and rate of water absorptionhad a positive correlation with seed weight, seed length, seed width, and seed thickness, and the water absorption quantity had the maximum relational degree with seed thickness, followed by seed length, while the water absorption rate had the maximum relational degree with seed length, followed by seed width. In conclusion, based on the needs of actual production and benefit, slender plump seeds with medium weight were the best. This study can provide a theoretical basis for cost saving of peanut seed selection.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 379-387. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0379An experiment was carried out under the PEG-6000 simulated drought stress, to study effects of different drought stress on seed germination, seedling growth and physiological indexes for six flax cultivars. The results showed that: with the increasing of PEG-6000 concentration, germination rate, germination potential and germination index were increased at first and then decreased, and the length of the ground part and the underground part, fresh weight of the above ground part, underground fresh emphasis overall decreased; Malondialdehyde (MDA)content, peroxidase (POD) activity first increased and then decreased, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity,catalase (CAT) activity increased, then germination drought index declined.With the increasing of stress time,MDA content、POD activity, CAT activity, and SOD activity gradually increased at the same concentrations. Based on the 12 indexes, used the fuzzy mathematics method was used to evaluate the drought resistance of six flaxs at germination and the drought resistance followed the order of : Baxuan 3 >Jinya 11> Dingya 23 > Tianya 9. >Longya 8>Longya 11. The purpose and significance of the research lies in the evaluation of the drought resistance of the flax varieties,and provides the reference basis of the parameters and characteristics for early and quickly identifying the drought resistance of flax breeding materials indoor.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 388-395. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0388In order to explore effects on soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and enzymes activities in leaves and phloem of Zhongzhu No2 were studied under four treatments (DS, DS+SA, CK+SA and CK). The results showed that the soluble protein and soluble sugar contents under DS+SA treatment in leaves were significantly increased than DS treatment(P<0.05). The activities NR, GS, GOGAT, GDH in leaves and the activities of sucrose synthase, IAA oxidase, β-1,3-glucanase in phloem significantly decreased under drought stress. Exogenous SA in ramie was significantly increased the enzymes activities in leaves and phloem, meanwhile, NR activity of DS+SA treatment was 2.02 and 0.73 times over DS treatment, and GOGAT activity increased by 67.83% and 22.90% on the 20th and 30th day, respectively. GS activity was significantly different between DS+SA and DS treatments on the 10th and 20th (P<0.05). Three key enzymes activities involving fiber development in phloem had a significant decrease compared with CK treatment on the 30th day, and for DS treatment, they were 37.84%, 30.71% and 35.73%, respectively, while for DS+SA treatment, they were 58.23%, 74.17% and 60.11%, respectively. The growth rate and aerial biomass of ramie were both reduced under the drought stress, but with the exogenous SA, plant height and yield were all recovered. Therefore, these results indicated SA enhanced the activities of enzymes and mitigated the effect of drought stress of ramie. This provides a theoretical basis for ramie in response to drought stress.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 396-403. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0396In order to prevent flowers and young fruits of kernel apricot were damaged by late frost and low temperature in spring, we looked for protection measures. Effects of different concentrations of exogenous hormone ABA and GA3 on cold resistant physiology of flowers and young fruits of Yiwofeng and Youyi were studied. The results showed that in the flowers and young fruits of Yiwofeng and Youyi, MDA contents were decreased, while the activities of SOD and POD enzyme were enhanced, however the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar were increased in different degree, by spraying different concentrations of ABA on the buds during the bud intumescence stage. The effect of spraying concentration of 20 mg · L-1 ABA was the best. Compared with CK, MDA contents were decreased by 32.03%, while the activities of SOD and POD enzyme were enhanced by 8.3% and 17.41%, and the contents of soluble sugar were increased by 15.01% in the flowers of Yiwofeng. And MDA contents were decreased by 31.23%, and the activities of SOD and POD enzyme were enhanced by22.98% and 16.74%, and the contents of soluble protein were increased by 36.72% in the young fruits of Youyi. In the flowers and young fruits of Yiwofeng, MDA contents were decreased, but did not reach significant difference compared with CK, the activities of SOD and POD enzyme were not enhanced, and the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar were not increased, by spraying different concentrations of GA3 on the buds during the bud of Yiwofeng intumescence stage. It is concluded that the way of spraying ABA can improve cold resistance of flowers and young fruits of Yiwofeng and Youyi, by adjusting its physiological and biochemical processes, but the way of spraying GA3 can not improve cold resistance of flowers and young fruits of Yiwofeng. During the bud intumescence stage, spraying 20 mg · L-1 ABA can prevent flowers and young fruits of kernel apricot were damaged by late frost and low temperature in spring. It provides guidance basis on protection measures for flowers and young fruits of kernel apricot.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(2): 404-411. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.02.0404Temperatures are one of main environmental factors for upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth and development. High-temperatures seriously affects the vegetative growth, square development, pollination, fertilization, boll development and yield of upland cotton. In the present paper, the adverse effects of high-temperature on the reproductive process of stamen development, pollen grains viability, the germination pollen grains on stigma, the growth of pollen tubes in stigma, boll development and yield, as well as the method of screening cultivars with high-temperature tolerance in upland cotton were reviewed, and the development direction in researches of high-temperature tolerance of upland cotton were discussed. These are bases for exploring the mechanism and screening cultivars with high-temperature tolerance.
