11 February 2015, Volume 29 Issue 2
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 209-214. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0209
In order to improve the quality traits of rice varieties, a variety ‘Koshihikari’, was radiat ed by 60Co γ-ray to induce mutagenesis. Seventy two mutants of seed storage protein were found through analyzing the content and composition of seed storage protein by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. These mutants reveal rich variat ions on content and composition of seed protein, and can be used as basis materials to reveal the mechanism of rice storage protein accumulat ion, and to development new types of rice varieties.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 215-220. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0215
Studies on six Brassica napus L. cultivars (lines) seeds and their descendants were carried out by space mutat ion on the 8th seed sat ellite. The agronomic and quality characters of mutagenic effect of SP3 generat ion were tested. The yield and agronomic characters of SP4 generat ion were also analyzed. The results showed that plant traits, growth period and resistance of the 6 varieties in the SP1 generat ion had no obvious changes compared with the control group. Field observat ion showed that multiple main inflorescences, stem at rophy and small petals and other variants were found in SP2 generat ion. Some dwarf, big grain and other advantageous variants were selected from SP3 generat ion. There are also a number of erucic acid, glucosinolat e and oil content rate change variant groups. In the SP4 generat ion, a high yield line, named TK407, was obtained. The yield of the line was 3 048.35 kg ·hm-2. Effective pod number per plant was 365,seed per pod was 23.43, kilo-grain weight was 4.61g. Research shows that the variant plants can produced by space mkutat ion. The high yield and high quality varieties selected through the trarget traits and multiple generat ions after space mutat ion.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 221-228. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0221
To study the molecular and genetic mechanisms of pistillody in wheat, two B-class genes, WPI 1 and WPI 2 were cloned from CSTP and HTS-1 in this study. Sequence alignment results showed that the cloned cDNA of WPI 1 and WPI 2 was 816 bp and 983 bp in length, respectively. WPI 1 gene contains a 627 bp open reading frame (ORF) which encodes 208 amino acids. WPI 2 gene contains a 630 bp open reading frame (ORF) which encodes 209 amino acids. Alignment of the predicted amino acid sequences from WPI 1 and WPI 2 genes, as well as with that from previously published subfamily members, revealed the MADS-MEF2-like and K-box domains. In the two WPI genes, the consensus PI motif was found in the C-terminal region. Phylogenetic tree reconstructed clearly showed that these proteins were classed into PI/GLO subgroup of B class MADS-box protein family. Real-time PCR analysis indicat ed that the expression pat terns of WPI 1 and WPI 2 genes are significantly different in spikelet of CSTP and HTS-1. In pistil and stamen primordiuxn format ion stage the expression levels of WPI 1 and WPI 2 are higher in HTS-1 than CSTP, the lat ter is close to zero. In contrast, in anther seperat ion stage the expression levels of WPI 1 and WPI 2 are lower in HTS-1 than CSTP, obviously. WPI 1 and WPI 2 genes may be bound up with pistillody of HTS-1. The study provides more insights for future research the functions of B-class genes WPI 1 and WPI 2 .
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 229-234. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0229
In order to explore the main subunits of Xinjiang strong-gluten wheat, the composition of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits of 21 medium-gluten and 17 strong-gluten wheat cultivars were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The results showed that there are 12 kinds of subunits and 12 subunit combinat ions among the experimental materials. Among medium-gluten wheat s, major types in locus Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 are N, 7+8 and 2+12, while the major types of Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 in strong-gluten wheat s are 1 and N, 7+8 and 7+9, 5+10, respectively. Cluster analysis results showed that the tested materials could be divided into two major groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.43. Group 1 includes 28 varieties, they all have subunits 2+12, including strong-gluten vs medium-gluten wheat cultivars. Group 2 includes 12 ones and they are strong-gluten with subunits 5+10. The subunits of 5+10 contributes more to wheat quality than any other subunits so that it is the main subunit of Xinjiang strong-gluten wheat that providing some theoretical basis for molecular breeding in the improvement of bread-making quality of wheat in Xinjiang zone.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 235-243. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0235
In order to detect the dynamic QTLS of rice seedling height and tiller number under salt stress, a F2:3 populat ion derived from two japonica varieties of ‘Dongnong’ 425 × ‘Changbai’ 10 was used as experimental materials, and a genetic linkage map was constructed containing 123 SSR markers, 1616.53 cM full-length and 13.14 cM average distance. A NaCl solution (6 dS ·m-1) was used to irrigat e the field and the control was irrigat ed with wat er to analyze the dynamic QTL of rice seedling height and tiller number under salt stress. Using QTL mapping method of inclusive composite interval mapping and mixed linear model, a total of six additive QTLs controlling seedling height and three controlling tiller number under salt stress, four additive QTLs controlling seedling height and five controlling tiller number under normal condition, six additive QTLs controlling seedling height and four controlling tiller number under the union of salt stress and normal condition, and three pairs of epistat ic QTLs controlling seedling height and one controlling tiller number were detected uniting the phenotypic dat a of seedling height and tiller number during six developmental stages under salt stress and normal condition. Additive QTL qSH1 was detected at t3, t4 and t2/t1 stages using unconditional and conditional QTL mapping methods, respectively. Additive QTL qTN8-2 was detected continuously at t2, t3, t4 and t5 stages using unconditional method, and was detected at t3/t2 stage using conditional method. Four additive QTLs controlling seedling height and two controlling tiller number was detected having interaction effects with the salt stress environment. Three pairs of epistat ic QTLs controlling seedling height and one pair of controlling tiller number were all interacted with the salt stress environment. The objective of this study was to detect QTLs controlling the seedling height and tiller number of rice under salt stress in various developmental stages, and to analyze the interaction effects with the salt stress environment. The present study could provide the theoretical basis for analyzing the developmental genetic characteristics of seedling height and tiller number under salt stress and marker assisted selection in rice salt tolerance.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 244-251. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0244
In order to to derify application value of RVA profile characteristics in evaluat ing rice quality. Two different panicle type japonica rice cultivars, which were divided into 27 grain positions, were applied to study relat ionship between RVA profile characteristics and other quality traits in grain positions. The results showed that head rice percentage and grain length had extremely significantly positive correlat ion with peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity and breakdown. Chalky grain percentage, chalkiness degree, total protein content, albumin content, prolamin content, glutelin content, fat ty acid content had extremely significantly negat ive correlat ion with peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity, breakdown, and had extremely significantly positive correlat ion with setback. Globulin content showed the opposite regularity. Taste quality, amylose content and gel consistence had extremely significantly positive correlat ion with peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity, breakdown, and had extremely significantly negat ive correlat ion with setback. In particular, two coefficient parameters with larger peak viscosity and breakdown were larger. RVA Profile Characteristics could closely reflect rice quality. Peak viscosity and breakdown of grains on a second branch at lower part could be used as assisted selection indicat ors of good japonica rice.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 252-259. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0252
In order to establish effective classificat ion and determinat ion methods of Monascus strains, then further exploit and protect these biological resource, we identified most of Monascus strains collected and isolat ed from various Fujian Province regions of Monascus manufactures productions, with analysis of ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) by software MEGA 5.10, construction of the phylogenetic tree, and combining physiology biochemical experiment and colonial morphology characteristics in Wa, CYA and G25N cultures, respectively. The ITS sequence length of these strains were around 520bp, GC contents were ranged from 56.2% to 58.0%, and the mean genetic distance from various sequences were 0.0052. According to the analysis of molecular biology, and morphology characteristics and physiology biochemical experiment, the 41 Monascus strains were classed into six cat egories which were M. purpureus, M. pilosus, M. aurantiacus, M. ruber, M. femeus and M. albidulus.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 260-269. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0260
The polymorphism and genetic relat ionship of 41 quinoa varieties collected were analyzed by SSR markers in the study to make a clear understanding of the diversity of quinoa germplasm. The results showed that 16 pairs of SSR primers which amplified stable and clear polymorphic bands were screened from total 54 pairs of SSR primers. 139 allelic bands were detected and the number of alleles amplified by each pair of primers was 3 to 13, with an average of 8.7. The polymorphic informat ion content (PIC) of these 16 pairs of primers ranged from 0.208 to 0.432, with an average of 0.366. The results of UPGMA cluster analysis suggested that the genetic similarity coefficient of 41 experiment materials (GS) was between 0.374 to 0.906, with an average similarity coefficient 0.626. The 41 materials could be divided into four cat egories when the threshold (GS) was about 0.665. The genetic similarity coefficient between variety '614929' and 'BB Quinoa Zhejiang Ⅰ' was the minimum, only 0.374, which indicat ed that those varieties from different regions had farther genetic distance and broader heritage foundat ion. These results of the genetic relat ionship between the quinoa germplasm provided theoretical foundat ions for future resource conservat ion and breeding of quinoa new varieties.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 270-277. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0270
Mat ure seeds of three varieties of Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) ‘Nuglade’, ‘Midnight’, ‘Nassau’ were used to investigat e the effect of immersion, grinding and transferring way on the callus induction rate and format ion time and the inhibition effect of different citric acid concentrat ion on browning of Kentucky bluegrass callus. The results showed that soaking for 48h was in favor of callus induction, and the average callus induction rate gradually decreased with prolonged immersion, while the callus format ion time of three varieties were pushed back. Under soaking for 48h treat ment, whether inoculat ed by mechanical or random transferring way, the average callus induction rate of three varieties seeds was no significant different. Under soaking for 48h treat ment without grinding treat ment, the average callus induction rate of three varieties seeds under random and mechanical transferring way was much significantly different. In addition, the results showed that the inhibition effect of 2mg ·L-1 citric acid was best and there was no browning phenomenon during subculture for 2 weeks. While the browning rate increased with the citric acid concentrat ion increased, the browning rate of the control was 25% to 37.5%. The experiment observed no significant effect of 2mg ·L-1 citric acid concentrat ion on the proliferat ion, differentiat ion and regenerat ion of callus. The differentiat ion rate of embryogenic callus of ‘Nuglade’, ‘Midnight’, ‘Nasu’ was 75%、50%、70%, and the rooting rate was 85%、70%、80%. This study explored the impact factors of Kentucky Bluegrass callus induction, solved the browning problem in the subculture, improved callus induction and regenerat ion system of Kentucky bluegrass and laid an important foundat ion for genetically engineered technology research used callus regenerat ion system.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 278-289. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0278
To investigat e the genetic evolution characteristics of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases family (NCEDs), in the present paper, a genome-wide identificat ion were performed for the NCED genes family in asterid clade (including tomat o, potat o, tobacco, sugar beet and monkey flower) with bioinformat ics methods. And then, the sequence feat ures, conserved motifs, secondary structure, and phylogenetic relat ionships were analyzed in the putat ive proteins of NCED genes family. The results show that, the enzymes of NCEDs encoded by a small gene family in these plants, and the members of NCEDs ranging from 2 to 4. The lengths of the amino acid sequences of putat ive proteins were different, varing from 505 to 652aa, with a molecular weight varying from 56.23 to 71.42 kDa. In addithon, the analysis of isoelectric point showed that, except for SlNCED6, pI of all members have a characteristic of acid. For the analysis of conserved motif, 10 conserved motifs were identified in NCEDs with length of amino acids varing from 29 to 50. the protein structure analysis of NCEDs showed that lower conserved appear in N-terminal of NCEDs amino acid sequence and the secondary structure were highly conserved. Phylogenetic relat ionships found that, SlNCED5 and SlNCED6 from tomat oes were orthologous proteins with StNCED5, StNCED6 from potat o, respectively, which is consistent with the relat ionship of biology.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 290-295. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0290
In order to lucubrate the metabolic mechanism of D-xylose into ethanol by the method of Comparat ive genomics,we used 60Co-γ irradiat ion to mutagenize Pichia stipitis CICC1960 and obtained some high ethanol conversion strains and seven mutat ional strains. Using the ethanol yield as index, the fermentat ion ability of mutat ional strains in descending order was: a1、X4、i11、K2、X21、CICC1960、a11、c10,and the average of ethanol-xylose rat io respectively was: 0.3143, 0.3037, 0.2911, 0.2678, 0.2578, 0.2311, 0.2230, 0.1220. The strain a1、X4、i11 were dominant strains.The ethanol yield of strain a1 was 15.6 g ·L-1 at 72 h, 140% higher than the parent strain,and its ethanol-xylose rat io 37.9% higher than the parent strain. The ethanol yield of strain X4 was 15.4 g ·L-1 at 60h, 234.8% higher than the parent strain,and its ethanol-xylose rat io 33.1% higher than the parent strain. The ethanol yield of strain i11 was 14.8 g ·L-1 at 60h, 221.7% higher than the parent strain,and its ethanol-xylose rat io 29% higher than the parent strain.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 296-303. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0296
For the studying discriminat ive power of different test site and the ecological adaptability of rice quality of different cultivars, rice quality of 7 rice varieties grown in 6 different ecological sites in Heilongjiang Province was analyzed by the AMMI model. The results showed that, the effect on the total variat ion of head rice rate was in the order of genotype and environment(G×E) >genotype(G) >environment(E). ‘Longjing23’, ‘Dongnong425’ and Zhonglongdao1 had good stability and high head rice yield for rice milling quality in different ecological zones. The effect on the total variat ion of protein and taste quality was in the order of G×E >G >E. ‘Longjing21’ and ‘Songjing121’have the most stable eat ing quality in different ecological zones, moderate stability and higher taste score variety was ‘Longjing 23’, and high milling and taste quality variety was ‘Longjing23’, which had good adaptability. Mudanjiang and Chahayang experimental unit were relat ively easy in the judgment of head rice yield of varieties; Mudanjiang and Chahayang had a strong discriminat ion in taste score, Chahayang and Wuchang had relat ively weak discriminat ive in varieties of taste quality. The taste of rice varieties with the highest taste score in Mudanjiang, and had relat ively low score in Chuangye. The results showed that Mudanjiang was relat ively more suitable for high quality variety screening and cultivat ion. ‘Dongnong425’ in Mudanjiang, Longdao5 in Chahayang, ‘Longjing 21’ in Wuchang, and ‘Songjing 12’ in Chuangye showed higher head rice yield in these pilots; ‘Zhonglongdao1’ in Mudanjiang, ‘Longjing23’ in Chuangye, ‘Longjing24’ in Huachuan, and ‘Dongnong425’ in Chahayang showed the hihger taste score in these pilots. In summary, this result could provide the basis for parental choice of rice quality improved.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 304-312. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0304
Melanin has many bio-activities, including antioxidant, free radicals-scavenging, immuno-improving, etc. Melanin was produced by submerged culture of Auricularia auricula and its antioxidant activities were also researched in this paper. The effects of carbon sources, nitrogen sources and metal ions on the melanin production by A. auricula were firstly studied by one-factor-at -a-time method, and then the media components were optimized by response surface methodology based on Box-behnken experiment design. The results showed the optimal media for melanin production contained, casein, 0.747%, soluble starch, 1.726%, CaCO3, 0.140% and the melanin concentrat ion reached 170.37 mg ·L-1 under the optimal conditions. Melanin produced by fermentat ion of A. auricula has strong O2-· and ABTS+. scavenging activity and it is a nat ural and effective antioxidant. The result from this work are helpful melanin productcon by submerged culture.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 313-320. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0313
For more intensive development and utilizat ion of bamboo resources,the essential oils of the Phyllostachys eduli leaves harvested in four seasons were extacted and analysited by wet distillat ion and GC-MS method,respectively. Meanwhile, the anti-microbial activity of the essential oils for Exserohilum turcicum、Fusarium graminearum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were tested with mycelial growth rate method. The result displayed that essential oil extraction rate of bamboo leaves were 0.418% in spring,0.190% in autumn,0.392% in summer and 0.306% in winter;The main components of essential oil were alcohols、acids、alkanes、phenols、ketones and so on,About 1/3 kinds of the total volat ile compounds were the same in different seasons but the rat io of these components were different.The anti-microbial activities of winter essential oils were the best to 3 fungi and those of summer essential oils were the worst.These results laid the foundat ions for futher explorat ion and utilizat ion of bamboo resources.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 321-326. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0321
In order to exploitat ion deep processing products of Chinese gall beihua, gallic acid was prepared with concentrated sulfuric acid cat alytic hydrolysis of Chinese gall beihua in this paper. The influences of hydrolysis temperat ure, times and sulfuric acid dosage on the extraction rat io of gallic acid were studied by response surface methodology (RSM) based on single-factor experiment. The results showed that the extraction rat io of gallic acid from Chinese gall beihua is 36.01% with 50mL extraction solution under cat alyzed with 2.47mL 98% concentrated sulfuric acid at 97℃ for 315min. Experiment results were well mat ched with the model predicted value. Employed with high performance liquid chromat ography (HPLC) analysis, the results of the separat ion product are consistent in the standard substance. Theoretical basis was provided for the development and utilizat ion of the Chinese gall beihua with the study.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 327-336. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0327
Starches are important sources of dietary energy for human which is closely relat ed to human health. Resistant starch is the fraction of starch which is not hydrolyzed to D-glucose in the small intestine within 120 min of being consumed. It is then fermented in the colon, thus plays a beneficial physiological effect. Therefore, resistant starch can be regarded as a component of diary fibres. Resistant starch has been classified into four general subtypes called RS1 to RS4, lat ely RS type five was considered. When starch interacts with lipids, amylose and long branch chains of amylopectin form single-helical complexes with fat ty acids and fat ty alcohols. This amylose-lipid complexed starch is called RS5. Resistant starch has been widely applied in foods such as noodles, breads and fried food. Resistant starch can prevent the colon cancer, reduce the blood cholesterol level, the obesity and the stone incidence and control the diabetes. The objective of this review is to summarize current understanding in five types of resistant starch, their applications in foods processing and health benefits to consumers.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 337-343. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0337
Nutrients have been confirmed that play an important role in preventing diseases.The deficiency of nutrients will be harmful to health. To settle this problem, people begin to pay more at tention to nutrient supplement. Withrecent development, transgenic technology has been extensively applied to improve the nutritive value of plants, and it is becoming a hottopic of scientific research. This article reviewed the application of transgenic technology to promote the nutritive value of plants, we introduced the new research products-genetically modified plants with nutrition improvement successfully developed to increase the content of vitamins,necessary amino acids and minerals in plants, to decrease the adverse factors, and also to regulat e the composition of the fat ty acid in plants. We forecast the developments and application prospects of transgenic technology, giving some advice on the safety assessments and the commercializat ion process of transgenic technology, to present a comprehensive overview of the research process and the developments of this technology.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 344-350. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0344
In order to the influence of cropping systems on soil microbial diversity in typical arid areas. the paper analyzed the changes of diversity of bacteria and fungi from black loessial after fertilized by chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer under continuous planting wheat, continuous planting alfalfa and wheat -pea rotat ion based on 454 sequencing technology in Loess Plat eau According to 27-year long-term field experiment, The results showed that: Except NM (application of N fertilizer and organic manure) treat ment, Chao indexes and Shannon indexes in soil of continuous wheat increased by 7.5% (PM, meaning application of P fertilizer and organic manure) to 60.6% (M, meaning application of organic manure ) and 0.04 (PM) to 0.40 (M) respectively after fertilizat ion, and fertilizer administered alone was more obvious than fertilizer mixed other fertilizer. Chao indexes of bacteria in soil of continuous alfalfa increased by 92.0% (P, meaning application of P fertilizer) to 102.4% (NPM, meaning application of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphat e fertilizer and organic manure) after fertilizat ion, and Shannon indexes of those increased by 0.30 (NPM) to 0.32 (P).Fertilizat ion had small impact on soil bacteria diversity of wheat -pea rotat ion.Chao indexes of fungi in soil of various cropping systems increased by 19.1% to 55.0% after fertilizat ion except continuous wheat fertilized nitrogen fertilizer and phosphat e fertilizer, but Shannon indexes of fungi changed little or decreased significantly. In Loess dryland areas, It could improve the bacterial diversity significantly that applying proper chemical fertilizer or manure fertilizer when continous planting single crop. It has important significance on optimizing dryland cropping systems, playing the soil potential fertility and achieving the sustainable use of soil resources.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 351-358. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0351
To study the effect of N, P, K application rate on yield of chestnut a two year field experiments were conducted on a 13a Castanea mollissima 'Yanshanzaofeng' high density planting garden in Qianxi county by using the three-factor D-sat urat ion optimal design. A quadrat ic equat ion with three unknown was built by using N, P, K application rate as three independent variables and yield of chestnut as dependent variable. The results showed that yields were significantly influenced by the N, P2O5 and K2O application rate, and there were significant interactive effects between every two factors. Among the three factors, the effects of application rate of N, P2O5 and K2O on yield were N> P2O5> K2O. Frequency analysis with confidence interval 95% indicat ed that the target yield could reach up 4.50 kg per plant and, when the fertilizer rates were N 0.85 to 1.04 kg per plant, P2O50.68 to 0.83kg per plant and K2O 0.45 to 0.51kg per plant. The suitable fertilizer rat io of N:P2O5:K2O was 1:0.65 to 0.98:0.43 to 0.60. The study provide theoretical basis for adequat e fertilizat ion on Castanea mollissima Bl. high density planting garden in Qianxi county.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 359-364. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0359
The responses of Arabidopsis nos1 (nitric oxide synthase1) mutant to cat ion and anion from neutral salt were investigat ed, the resistance mechanisms in Arabidopsis nos1 mutant were clarified. The root bending percentage, the length of root, the height of plant, the fresh weight, the survival rate, the content of proline and MDA (malondialdehyde) under different concentrat ions of Na2SO4、NaCl、K2SO4 and KCl were analyzed. The resistance characteristics of Arabidopsis nos1 mutant under four salts stresses were examined. The length of roots were significantly higher under Na2SO4 and NaCl stress than that of K2SO4 and KCl stress. The survival rate were declined with the salt concentrat ion increasing in nos1 mutant compared with control. However, the plant height and the the fresh weight were higher under KCl stress than under Na2SO4 and NaCl stress. The content of proline and MDA were significantly higher under Na2SO4 and NaCl stress than of K2SO4 and KCl stress. These results indicat ed that the resistance mechanisms were significance different between cat ion and anion in nos1 mutant under different salts stresses. The nos1 mutant is more sensitive to sulfat e radical when the cat ion is same. However, the nos1 mutant is more sensitive to sodium salt when the anion is same. The salinity in the soil is a major factor that constrained growth and yield in crops. Activity of iro-transport, toxicty and balance of iro were investigat ed under salinity stress by model plant and then shed light on adaptive strategies and survival methods coped with salinity stress, providing theoretical basis for elevat ing tolerance to salinity and tmproving biotechnology.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 365-374. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0365
To determine the effects of reduction nitrogen on enzymes activities relat ed to nitrogen metabolism, grain yield and NUE of wheat,the plot experiment was conducted with two medium-gluten wheat cultivars 'Baomai 1' and 'Xumai 30' in 2012 to 2013 growing seasons.The results showed that both ears and the sink capacity of wheat (grains number amount per hectare) enlarged, while the grains weight decreased when increasing N amount. However, the positive effects of ears and spikelets were higher than the negat ive effects of grain weight, which could get high grain yield. Decreasing N application amount from 270 kg ·hm-2 to 225 kg ·hm-2, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities in grains were slightly improved, while N accumulat ion per plant, nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities in flag leaves, GS activities in grains were all reduced, which their differences were.not significant caused the reduction of grain yield. Decreasing nitrogen amount could reduce N Recovery Efficiency (RE) and N accumulat ion of plant, while improve the Physiological Efficiency (PE) and Partial Factor Productivity (PFP), and slightly affect the Nitrogen Harvest Index (NHI). Considering ecological benefit and cost of production, decreasing nitrogen application from 270 kg ·hm-2 to 225 kg ·hm-2could get sustainable and highly effective production for semi winter medium-gluten wheat .
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 375-382. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0375
In order to evaluat e the effects of low temperat ure on wheat production, and explore the effective prevention and disaster relief measures, using spring wheat cultivar ‘Yangmai 16’as a material, the effects of low temperat ure at tillering stage and jointing stage on the degree of damage and grain yield were studied, and the regulat ion measures with the aim of minimizing cold damage were also suggested. The results showed that plant morphological characteristics were affected by low temperat ure at tillering stage and jointing stage. At tillering stage, most stems and tillers of ‘Yangmai 16’ died when wheat plants were treat ed at -10℃ for 72 h. At jointing stage, all the main stems and tillers died when the plants were treat ed at -5℃ for 72 h. Grain yield of the wheat plants treat ed with low temperat ures at both tillering and jointing stages were lower than those grown under normal conditions. The lower the temperat ure and the longer the treat ment was, the more decline in grain yield was. Different cold-resistant agents had different mitigat ing effects against low temperat ure damage at tillering stage. The foliage spray of 1.05 kg ·hm-2 of PP333 produced the best cold-resistant effects, followed by 0.1% of (NH4)6Mo7O24 and 10 mmol ·L-1 of CaCl2. Low temperat ure damage could be mitigat ed by keeping soil wat er content of field capacity at an appropriat e level from 70% to 90% before cold stress occurrence. The grain yield decreased when soil wat er content was lower than 60% of field capacity. Applying fertilizer after cold stress at jointing stage was an effective measure against cold damage and increasing grain yield. The application of 250 kg ·hm-2 of three-nutrient compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O 15:15:15) could play a better role in mitigat ing low temperat ure damage, and therefore the fertilizer use efficiency was high. These results provided technical support to achieve high yield of wheat under low temperat ure.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 383-390. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0383
Continuous cropping was very common in Heilongjiang maize production. It is very important to investigat e the allelopthic effects after maize straw returning for that it is not only a waste of resources but pollute the environment to conduct straw burning. We don't know the certain mechanism for the effect of straw returning. Maize ('Zhengdan958') was chosen as experimental materials. The pot experiment was used to analyzed the effects of maize stalk decomposing liquid on seedling rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and root activity under different decomposing time (0.25, 60, 120, 120 d),and the different decomposing solution concentrat ions (0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 g ·mL-1 DW). This study was to investigat e the effect of maize straw returning on maize growth under continuous cropping production from soil enzyme and root vigor aspects. The objective of this experiment is to provide scientific basis for the application of straw returning in field production. The results showed that the soil invertase, urease activity of maize seedling reached the highest value at 60 d decomposing fluid,0.5g ·mL-1DWconcentrat ion in four-leaf, five-leaf and six-leaf stage. Soil acid phosphat ase activity reached the highest value in 120 d decomposing fluid, 0.5 g ·mL-1DW treat ment. Soil peroxidase activity reached the highest in 60 d decomposing fluid, 0.5 g ·mL-1DW treat ment in four-leaf, five-leaf stage of the seedlings. And in six-leaf stage enzyme activity showed no significant difference compared with the control. Maize seedling rhizosphere soil enzyme activity increased with the increasing straw decomposing liquid concentrat ion, the effects increased at first and decreased subsequently with the increasing straw decomposing liquid days, the effects was weakened gradually with the aging leaves. Maize seedling root activity increased at first and decreased subsequently with the increasing straw decomposing liquid concentrat ion. The low (0.125g ·mL-1DW) concentrat ion and medium (0.25g ·mL-1DW) concentrat ion promoting effect to root activity was weakened gradually with the aging leaves.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 391-396. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0391
In order to enhance yield increasing benefit and reduce environmental pollution as affected by nitrogen (N) fertilizer, a two-year field experiment, designed to have 6 N application rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 kg ·hm-2), was conducted to investigat e effects of N application on spring maize in grain yield and physiological characteristics of functional leaves. The results show that SPAD value, nitrate N (NO3--N) content, nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and glutamine synthetase activity (GSA) of functional leaves and grain yield for spring maize all increased significantly with increasing of N application rate, but once the rate exceeded 180 kg ·hm-2, all determined indexes began to show a declining trend. With increasing of N application rate, N apparent use efficiency and N physiological use efficiency both first increased then decreased, reaching the maximum values at a rate of 180 kg ·hm-2, 30.0% and 9.3 kg ·kg-1N, respectively, which is just contrary to the changes in N agronomic use efficiency. With growing stage, SPAD value, NO3--N content, NRA and GSA of functional leaves for spring maize varied with trends of "rapid increase-slow increase-decrease", "bimodal curve", "wave modal" and "wave modal", respectively, whose peak value appeared during from jointing stage to booting stage. In view of grain yield and physiological characteristics of functional leaves, 179-209 kg N ·hm-2 is a reasonable rate for spring maize under the experimental conditions.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 397-404. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0397
In order to further clarify the adaptability of sugar beet to saline-alkali stress,KWS0143 and ACERO were used as test material to compare the influence of saline-alkali(Na2CO3) stress on key enzymes activities of nitrogen metabolism,root yield and sugar content of two varieties.By conducting pot experiment,we set 5 treat ments in which the proportion of sodium carbonat e in soil quality is set to five levels:0、0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%,and the corresponding values of the soil solution pH was 7.14、8.92、9.45、10.19、10.56 respectively.In this way,we studied the changes of saline-alkali stress on nitrate reductase(NR),glutamine synthetase(GS) and glutamate synthase(GOGAT) activity,root yield and sugar content.The results were as follows:the activitives of nitrate reductase(NR) glutamine synthetase(GS) and glutamate synthase(GOGAT) in the leaf of sugar beet under the saline-alkali stress were decreased,and as the degree of saline-alkali stress increases,the decline increases.Comparing the two varieties,the enzymat ic activity of ACERO was higher than KWS0143,and the drop rate of yield and sugar content of ACERO's root was less than that of KWS0143's.Therefore, saline-alkali resistance ability of ACERO was stronger than that of KWS0143. The research provides a theoretical basis for the further improving nitrogan absorption and utilizat ion in saline-alkali stress on suger beet.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(2): 405-411. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.02.0405
In order to study the physiological and biochemical responses of Jat ropha curcas L. under Sr2+ stress with different concentrat ions of exogenous Ca2+, J.curcas L. were stressed under 200 mg ·kg-1 88Sr2+ with Ca2+ (0、100 and 200 mg ·kg-1) added to study the effects of exogenous Ca2+ on seedlings indicat or changes under high concentrat ion of strontium stress after 30 d, 70 d and 120 d respectively, and measure the experimental dat a including growth index, physiological and biochemical index. The main results showes that: The treat ments of Sr2+ with Ca2+ added could promote the increase of plant height and leaf area as well as the synthesis of chlorophyll in the prophase, Fm and Fv/Fm increased firstly and became higher than the control (under the single stress of Sr2+ ) with a significant difference after 120 days and it means that Ca2+ could reduce the stress on PSII reaction center. The activities of POD, SOD and CAT enzyme were reduced obviously with Ca2+, which means that exogenous Ca2+ can further stimulat e the antioxidant defense system under Sr2+ stress. The decrease of MDA and Pro can also indicat e the relief of Sr2+ stress on J. curcas. By contrast, it is more significant that the plant height, stem and leaf area were promoted obviously with low concentrat ion of Ca2+ added and it also effect more obviously on the adjustment of chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm and ETR after 30 d. Accordingly, Ca2+ could reduce the Sr2+ stress on J. curcas seedlings and Ca2+ with low concentrat ion works more obviously. Our results could provide a theoretic evidence for remediat ion of radionuclide contaminat ed soil with woody plants.
