25 September 2014, Volume 28 Issue 9
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1541-1548. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1541The main objective is to evaluate the spontaneous mutants of Streptomyces venezuela Snea253 against Meloidogyne incognita by its metabolites.Six mutates of separate colony morphology were obtained through spontaneous mutation by successively sub-culturing original StreptomycesSnea253 strain, and the morphological differentiation and related genes were analyzed in the paper. Then, the bioactivity of metabolites against Meloidogyne incognitawas measured by immersion method in small dish. Six mutants had significant differences in morphology compared with the original strain. Their nematicidal activity were decreased significantly using metabolites treated the secondary juveniles J2 of M.incognita.. Among three non-brown pigment producing mutants, the corrected mortality of Snea253-G, Snea253-B and Snea253-F respectively was 60.0%, 45.5% and 35.0% to M.incognitaJ2. Among three pigment producing mutants, Snea253-A, Snea253-H and Snea253-J produced lower nematicidal activity (respectively 48.7%, 37.2% and 37.9%) than that of the mutant Snea253-G(60.0%). It should be noted that there were no difference among the sequences of morphological differentiation related genes (ssgA、bldC、bldD、whiB、whiE、whiI) through sequencing analysis. The six genes may not be directly involved in controlling the spontaneous mutation of Snea253 in here. This research comfirmed that spontaneous mutation of Streptomyces Snea253 strains not only showed in the morphological variation, but also decreased the nematicidal activity. It provides a possibility for screening of biocontrol microbial by morphology.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1549-1558. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1549In order to create new common wheat genotype containing desirable genes of E genomes, the derived lines of Triticum trititrigia(6X) were obtained by hybridization between T. trititrigia(6X) and Kehan9 in this study. Common wheat genotypes with beneficial agronomic characters of T. trititrigia(6X) were screened from the progeny of T. trititrigia(6X) and common wheat. The results showed that the seed-setting rate was low with an average of 21.9% when T. trititrigia(6X) was crossed with common wheat. However, some substitution lines, translocation lines, addition lines and DE hybrid genome were found from F2 to F5 generations. Some lines have beneficial traits, e.g., abundant tiller, disease resistance, abundant spikelets. Based on the characteristic traits, the plants were screened from the F2 to F5 generations. We obtained thirteen lines of F5 generations, 05-9-2, 05-9-4, 05-9-5, 05-9-6, 05-9-7, 05-9-8, 05-9-11, 05-9-14, 9-9-14, 05-9-13, 05-7-13, 05-7-24 and 05-7-22. The thirteen lines were further characterized via pollen mother cell meiosis observations, RAPD analysis and genomic in situ hybridization. These results can provide useful information for investigation and utilization of E genomes to develop new cultivars.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1559-1567. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1559Vernalization and photoperiod genes determine the wheat adaptability to environmental conditions,and play an important roles for wheat growth, In order to explicit distribution frequency of Vernalization and photoperiod alleles, 124 heilongjiang spring wheat Cultivars was detected with STS maker. The results indicate that distribution frequency of dominant Vrn-A1a, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 is 93.55%, 52.42% and 55.65% respectively. All the spring wheat Cultivars carried recessive vrn-B3. The distribution frequency of Ppd-D1a and Ppd-D1b is 60.48% and 39.52%.Vernalization gene combination was mainly divided into four types: Vrn-A1a+Vrn-B1+Vrn-D1, Vrn-A1a+vrn-B1+vrn-D1, Vrn-A1a+Vrn-B1+vrn-D1 and Vrn-A1a+vrn-B1+Vrn-D1.Vernalization gene combinations has a significant effect on plant height and tiller number per plant, plant height of Wheat Cultivars with vernalization gene combination Vrn-A1a+Vrn-B1+Vrn-D1 is lowest (94.98cm), while tiller number per plant is highest(6.01). photoperiod gene has significant effect on plant height and growth stage, plant heignt of Wheat Cultivars with Photoperiod gene Ppd-D1a is significantly lower than Ppd-D1b, and growth development stage is accelerated 1~2days compared to Ppd-D1b。This research suggests that vernalzation ang photoperiod gene have an effect on plant height, tiller number per plant and growth development stage, Vrn-A1a+Vrn-B1+Vrn-D1+Ppd-D1a may be desirable vernalization and photoperiod gene combination.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1567-1575. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1567The factors affecting transformation efficiency in the co-culture stage were studied to improve Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cotyledonary node of soybean. The results showed that the medium pH, illumination and culture duration significantly affected the transformation efficiency in the stage of co-culture. The optimal pH value of co-culture medium was 6.6, the appropriate illumination duration ranged from 10 to16 h ·d-1, and the optimal co-culture time duration ranged from 7~10 d. PCR and southern analyses confirmed the stable integration of the phyA gene in the primary transgenic plants. Soybean varieties of ‘Jidou 12', ‘Yudou 22' and ’‘Qinhangxiaoli12' acquired higher transformation efficiency than others in this study.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1576-1584. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1576In order to analyze the genetic diversity of parent materials, discover elite alleles associated with agronomic traits and provide useful information for hybridization combination of parent materials and molecular assisted breeding, the genetic diversity of 90 soybean cultivars was determined by using 59 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The genotyping data of 46 SSR markers selected was used to analyze population structure, and then association analysis between SSR loci and 18 soybean agronomic traits was performed to discover elite alleles using TASSEL2.1 MLM (Mixed Linear Model) program. The results showed: (1) A total of 154 alleles were found from 50 loci which appeared to be polymorphic among the 59 markers, while the polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied from 0.042 to 0.765 with the mean of 0.521 and Shannon index varied from 0.1066 to 1.6804 with the mean of 0.8241. Genetic distance ranged from 0.0307 to 1.4529, with the mean of 0.7015. Population structure analysis showed that the population of these materials was composed of 4 subpopulations. 7 SSR loci were found to associate with branch number, weight of 100 seeds, growth period, node number of main stem, leaf shape and protein content with the percentage of variation for the phenotype explained by the related markers ranging from 0. 3% to 33.9%. Elite allelic genes, such as Satt263-A279, Satt156-A203, Satt567-A112 and so on, were determined by analyzing the relationship between different allelic variation genes of associated loci and phenotype effects. These results provide evidence for cloning high quality genes and can be further utilized in breeding programs.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1585-1590. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1585MADS-box genes have important functions in the regulation of plant growth and development. By bioinformatics methods and sequence analysis,CsMADS genes of AP1-FUL type were observed. Expression analysis of CsMADSs gene was observed in different growth stages and different organs in cucumber. Results showed that three CsMADS genes were cloned and the cDNA lengths were 636bp, 747bp and 648bp respectively.CsMADS08 and CsMADS10 expressed almost in all organs and all periods, among which, high expression of CsMADS08 was detected in the stems and leaves while high expression of CsMADS10 was in the shoot apex.CsMADS21 expressed only in a few organs, and the expression were low except for young fruits. In addition, the expression of three CsMADSs gene was also different in different organs of the 7-leaf-stage cucumber.CsMADS08 and CsMADS10 could express in all organs, while CsMADS21 expressed only in a few organs and especially high expression in young fruits. These results can not only allow us understand the expression pattern of CsMADSs gene in cucumber, but also provide some significant theoretical basis for further research on the function of CsMADSs gene.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1591-1596. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1591Chromolaena odorata, from Mexico (native region) and Xishuangbanna (invasive region), were cultured with water culture method and treated with high nitrogen (nitrogen content 315mg ·L-1), the normal (middle) nitrogen (nitrogen content 210mg ·L-1), and low nitrogen (nitrogen content 105mg ·L-1) in the culture solution. The changes of the DNA methylation polymorphism in the test materials were detected by using MSAP (methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism) method. The results showed that the changes of patterns and level of DNA methylation took place in both native and invasive C. odorata by treated with high and low nitrogen. The DNA methylation levels of the invasive C. odorata was higher than the origins, and DNA methylation levels in C. odorata increased with the rise of nitrogen supply levels.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1597-1605. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1597As an important storage compartment of plants, seeds are promising a desirable platform for production of large quantity of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins. Among different plant-based system, plant seeds hold several advantages such as high protein yields, long-term stability of target proteins, easiness of storage and transplantation, suitability of later extraction and recovery. In the past two decades, significant advances in using seeds as bioreactors have occurred for production of many recombinant proteins with some of them moving down the commercialization pipeline. Here we give some brief introductions of characteristics of seed bioreactor and review the current progress on plant-derived recombinant pharmaceutical proteins produced in plant seeds, and some considerations and future development for plant seed-derived pharmaceuticals production are also discussed in this paper.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1606-1614. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1606The mismatch repair (MMR) is a major pathway in DNA repair system, which is critical for maintaining genome stability and DNA fidelity in the replication, as it is responsible for recognizing and repairing erroneous insertions, deletions and mismatch bases newly arisen during DNA replication and genetic recombination, as well as during repair of some forms of DNA damage. The major components in the MMR system include MutS, MutH and MutL in Escherichia coli. The homologues of both MutS and MutL have been found in higher plants, but none of MutH. This review focuses on the research progress in MMR system and the function of MMR genes in plants, highlights the production way of MMR functional deficiency and its significance for plant induced mutation breeding. It is attempted to provide a reference for researches on further application of MMR deficient mutants in plant mutagenesis and mutation breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1615-1624. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1615Most characters related to production, quality, and resistance of crop are quantitative traits. In recent years, more and more QTLs of important traits in crop have been mapped and cloned. Meanwhile, with the technological breakthrough of high-throughput sequencing, some new methodologies such as genomewide association study has been used to analyze the genetic basis of quantitative traits.This provides an opportunity for highly efficient QTL discovery and genetic improvement by QTL pyramiding. In this paper, we reviewed the current methodology and major progresses of QTL discovery, QTL cloning, and marker-assisted selection of quantitative traits in crop.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1625-1631. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1625In order to improve the degradation ability of the strain Pleurotus ostreatus P1, the culture condition of this strain was optimized. the best condition was as follows: culture temperature was 30 ℃, incubation speed was 200 r ·min-1, the pH of MSM medium was 6.0, and culturing the strain for 10 days. Under the Optimized condition, 1000 ng AFB1 can be degraded to be 175.7 ng by 790 μL Pleurotus ostreatus P1 fermentation and the degradation rate reached to 82.43%. Besides degrading AFB1, Pleurotus ostreatus P1 fermentation can also effectively degrade AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2. AFB1 degradation was made by multiple enzymes in Pleurotus ostreatus P1 fermentation with accumulative effects. The results will provide useful information for exploring aflatoxin-degradation eyzymes.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1632-1640. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1632The object of this study is to investigate the antioxidant activity of porcine blood hydrolysate(PBH). The antioxidant activity of PBH in vitro was evaluated by determining the abilities to scavenge DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion free radicals as well as reducing power. A mouse model of liver oxidative damage induced by Bromobenzene in vivo were used. The result shows that PBH had relatively strong scavenging power for DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion free radicals, and possessed reducing power in vitro experiment; that PBH had protective function for the liver's damage caused by Bromobenzene in vivo experiments. So, PBH had antioxidant activities. This research can offer the basis to wide usage of porcine blood and enploration of antioxidants.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1641-1646. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1641In order to study the effects of antioxidant on blocking synthesis of N-nitrosamine, sequential extraction procedure was used to extract vine tea, and the effects of each phase extracts on nitrite scavenging and inhibition of N-nitrosamines was studied. The results showed that the ethanol phase extracts had the best activities on nitrite scavenging and inhibition of N-nitrosamines synthesis with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.023 μg ·mL-1 and 0.029 μg ·mL-1, which was better than the positive control ascorbic acid. Moreover, the anti-oxidant effects of each phase extracts on DPPH radical and ABTS radical scavenging, reduction power were studied, the results showed that ethyl acetate and ethanol phase had excellent oxidation activities, and the antioxidant effect of the ethyl acetate phase was stronger than the positive control Trolox. Quantitative HPLC analysis showed these two phases contains a high degree of DMY with contents of 678.5 mg ·g-1 and 381.1 mg ·g-1, respectively. DMY was the major active compounds in vine tea with antioxidant and blocking N-nitrosamines effects. This study indicate that vine tea has anti-oxidant and blocking N-nitrosamines effects, which provide theoretical basis for the development of functional foods.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1647-1655. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1647In order to quantize and show the change of texture and color parameters of different flue-cured tobacco varieties, using 'Zhongyan100' and 'Qinyan96' as material, the change of texture (hardness, chewiness, resilience and cohesiveness) and color parameters (L* means lightness value, a* is red value, b* is yellow value, Chroma means purity, Hue means attribute) and related physiological indexes of tobacco leaves were studied during the bulk curing. The results showed that the changes of moisture, pigment, LOX, POD, texture and color indexes showed the same tendency during curing. Compared with ‘Zhongyan100', ‘Qinyan96' had a higher moisture at 38~54℃. And the rate of water loss of ‘Zhongyan100' was faster. Moreover, the activities of POD were higher while the activities of LOX were lower and texture indexes were higher of ‘Qinyan96' during yellowing stage. But a contrary tendency was presented in the leaf-drying stage. And the texture and color indexes of tobacco leaves became loose and suitable, respectively. The color and chroma of cured leaves became orange and stronger. So, the curing technology of ‘Zhongyan100' should be properly increased wet bulb temperature, yellowing times and leaf-drying times during curing. And the curing technology of ‘Qinyan96' should pay attention to middle humidity in yellowing and leaf-drying stage and keep the temperature and remove humidity at the key temperature. This study could provide reference for quantitative real-time monitoring of texture and color parameters variation of tobacco leaves during the bulk curing.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1656-1663. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1656In order to select the main sensory and texture indexes for the quality evaluation of fresh rice noodles, 21 kinds of indica rice were used to make fresh rice noodles, and meanwhile both sensory and texture of rice noodles were determined. Through correlation analysis and cluster analysis to filter out the main evaluation indexes of the quality evaluation, so as to provide a reference for the production process of fresh rice noodles. The results showed that the sensory evaluation indexes including shininess, flavor, tissue morphology and taste (hardness, viscosity, elasticity, smoothness) all had significant effect on the quality of fresh rice noodles especially the tste index. Texture analyser indicators mainly included hardness and springiness, springiness had a significant positive correlation with taste and total scores (P <0.05), hardness had a significant negative correlation with flavor (P <0.05). Based on good shininess and flavor, when the hardness was between 1 776 ~ 4 124 g, with higher springiness, fresh rice noodles would have better quality. This conclusion can be used as evaluation criteria of fresh rice noodles and proride a foundation for the establishment of the evaluation system.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1664-1668. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1664In order to explore effects of preservation of kojic acid on fresh-cut broccolis, this artick provides theoretical bssis for the study of preservation of kojic broccdis. Fresh-cut broccolis were treated with 2.5% kojic acid for 15 min, and then stored at 4 ℃ for 12 days. The effects of kojic acid treatment on weight loss rate, titratable acid (TA), vitamin C (VC),chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity were measured. The results showed that kojic acid treatment effectively reduced weight loss, delayed the decreases in TA, VC and chlorophyll and the increases in MDA content, inhibited the activity of PPO. Kojic acid treatment significantly improved the quality of fresh-cut broccolis during cold storage.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1669-1676. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1669Food allergy refers to an allergic reaction in which certain compounds in food, usually proteins, produce an immune response as an antigen to the body. It has become a major concern in the food industry to detect allergic proteins in food quickly and accurately. After briefly introducing the mechanism of food allergens, the author compares and analyzes their respective advantages and disadvantages, shedding light on the prospect of detection methodsof allergic proteins in food.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1677-1684. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1677Forage genotype differences study on absorption efficiency and aiumal transformation rate of N-fertilizer will be of great importance in guiding the excellent forage varieties screening. Effects of 8 species of gramineous forages named as Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum, Brachiaria decumbens CV.Reyan No.3, Banicum maximum CV.Reyan No.8, Paspalum atratum CV.Reyan No.11, Euchlaena mexicanna Schrad, Sorghum sudanense (PIPER) Stapf, Lolium perenne L and Festuca arundinacea Schreb on N fertilizer utilization rate were studied by using15N-tracing technique in pot experiments, while the digestibility of white mice fed with15N-labeled forages toward the aboved was investigated. The results showed that 15N utilization rates of the 8 pastures were 5.197% to 29.340% with the highest rate in Pennisetum americanum × P. purpureum. The digestibility of white mice fed with 8 species 15N-labeled forages ranged from 27.67% to 68.20% followed the order of Lolium perenne L. > Sorghum sudanense (PIPER) Stapf > Euchlaena mexicanna Schrad > Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum > Brachiaria decumbens CV.Reyan No.3 > Banicum maximum CV.Reyan No.8> Festuca arundinacea Schreb > Paspalum atratum CV.Reyan No.11. 15N recovery rates in mouse body ranged from 22.62% to 43.90%, which indicating a significant difference in genotype in uptake and conversion efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. The conversion efficiency of Pennisetum americanum × P. purpureum and Brachiaria decumbens CV.Reyan No.3 were better than the other 4 species of summer forages, while Lolium perenne L. was better than Festuca arundinacea Schreb as winter pasture based on comprehensive evaluation.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1685-1692. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1685Phosphorus (P) budget and changes of Olsen-P in black soil were explored to provide a scientific basis for the cultivation of soil fertility, the sustainable use of P resources and the rational application of P fertilizer. Soil P budgets and changes of soil Olsen P were studied, based on 18 monitoring sites under conventional fertilization condition. The results showed that the average of P application rate ranged from 23.29 kg P ·hm-2 to 49.93 kg P ·hm-2, annual crop P uptake from 21.54 kg P ·hm-2 to 45.52 kg P ·hm-2, and soil apparent phosphorus budgets from -13.33 kg P ·hm-2 to 14.99 kg P ·hm-2. The different P budgets in sites led to the conspicuous difference in the changes of soilOlsen-P: significant increase of Olsen-P in 39% of the soils by 0.68~5.10 mg ·kg-1 ·a-1, flat state in 50% of soils, significant decre ase in 11% of soils. There is a significant positive correlation between changes of Olsen-P and soil accumulated P, and with an average surplus of 100 kg P ·hm-2, the soil Olsen-P increased by 5.28 mg ·kg-1. Soil apparent phosphorus budget was zero at a rate of 36 kg P ·hm-2. So 36 kg P ·hm-2 could be recommended as reasonable P application rate when use maize as the main crop in black soil with the content of Olsen-P from 15 mg ·kg-1 to 50 mg ·kg-1.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1693-1700. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1693In study of the impact of model of fertilization on microbial abundance and enzyme activity in lime concretion black soil, taking the lime concretion black soil applied with fixed fertilization modes for 30 years as study object, microbial abundance and enzyme activity in the soil under different fertilization modes were systematically analyzed by using Florescent Real-time quantitative (RT-PCR) technique and different measurement methods. The results showed that control with the treatment with no fertilization and abandoned, fertilizer management can effectively enhance the 5-10cm soil organic matter, nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. In addition, control with the treatment with no fertilization, abandoned and swine or cattle manure plus inorganic fertilizer, treatment with inorganic fertilizer and straw plus inorganic fertilizer can significantly reduce soil pH. The abundance of the soil microbe has a close relation with the soil organic matter,nutrient content and soil acidity. The abundances of eukaryotic microorganism was significantly improved using treatment with inorganic fertilizer,the change of the soil acidity can significantly affect the soil microbial community structure and reduce the number of ammonia-oxidizing archaea. The treatment of cattle manure can significantly improve some kinds of enzyme activities, acid phosphatase activity is closely related to soil organic matter and nutrient content by other fertilization. Thus, inorganic fertilizer (fertilizer) and organic fertilizer (manure or dung) used in conjunction for keeping the abundance of microbial soil and dynamic of the enzyme activity is very important. The experiment of different fertilization models on Shajiang black soil microbial community abundance and activity, the changes of soil enzyme activity , soil available nutrients and their relationship to explore long-term fertilization on soil management and soil enzyme activities of activity as the possibility of soil fertility quality indicators in order to evaluate the level of long-term soil fertility different fertilization models provide an effective indicator of the level, thus providing a scientific basis and better manure management practice to promote soil virtuous circle.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1701-1707. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1701A field experiment was conducted by using the traditional plate count method and modern terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) method for exploring the effect of monosodium gultamate wastewater co-applied with inorganic fertilizer on the ecological environment of watermelon rhizospher soil. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of different treaments. Purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of different treatments, i.e. T1 (100% of nitrogen was provided by urea), T2 (10% and 90% of nitrogen was provided by monosodium glutamate wastewater and urea, respectively), T3 (30% and 70% of nitrogen was provided by monosodium glutamate wastewater and urea, respectively) and T4 (50% and 50% of nitrogen was provided by monosodium glutamate wastewater and urea, respectively) on microbial populations, contents of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and root exudates, as well as bacterial community structure diversity in the rhizosphere soil of watermelon. The results indicated that comparison with T1 treatment, T3 treatment significantly increased the numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes and total microorganism, as well as MBC and MBN contents in the rhizosphere soil, showing 53.59%, 39.80% and 45.59% increases in bacteria populations and contents of MBC and MBN, respectively, while it had no significant influence on fungus populations. At the same time, T3 treatment obviously increased the root exudates contents in compared with T1treatment. However, in T2 and T4 treatments, less effect on microbial populations and root exudates contents was observed than that in T3treatment. In addition, a significant difference was found in T-RFLP profiles of different treatments. T3had the highest shannon index and margalef index, which were increased by 91.79% and 97.31% compared to T1 treatment, respectively. In the meantime, the shannon index and margalef index in T3 treatment were obviously higher than those in T2 treatment, but had no significant difference with T4 treatment. In conclusion, monosodium glutamate wastewater co-applied with inorganic fertilizer can improve the ecological environment of watermelon rhizosphere soil, and the collocation proportion between monosodium glutamate wastewater and inorganic fertilizer is the vital factor.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1708-1714. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1708To illustrate the physiological and biochemical mechanism of Ni on the toxic effects of wheat. Effects of different concentrations Ni (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μmol ·L-1) on the growth of roos and the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in roots of early Triticum aestivum L. seedlings were explored. The results indicated that treatment with 50 μmol ·L-1 Ni for 6d had no significant effect on roots growth, the contents of reactive oxygen species and activities of antioxidative enzymes. 100-400 μmol ·L-1 of Ni resulted in a decrease of fresh weight and length of roots, but the contents of H2O2 and MDA, production rate of O2-·increased with increasing Ni concentration. The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD, EC 1.1.5.1.1), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), glutathione S-tansferase (GST, EC2.5.1.18) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49) augmented gradually with increasing Ni concentration, being the maximum at 400 μmol ·L-1of Ni. Ascorbate peroxidase(APX, EC 1.11.1.11) increased first, and then depressed, being the maximum at 100 μmol ·L-1of Ni, while the activities of peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) remained unaltered under the tested Ni concentrations. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis native analysis revealed that 100μmol ·L-1 of Ni induced two additional isozymes bands of APX-3 and APX-4. Two isozymes bands of SOD and four bands of G6PDH in the control seedlings were found and there was a continuous enhancement in the intensity of SOD and G6PDH bands in roots treated with 100 and 400 μmol ·L-1Ni. The present study confirmed that excess Ni inhibits root growth and induced oxidative stress by inducing ROS formation, while a increase of activities of SOD、APX、GST and GPX appears adaptive response of wheat roots against Ni-induced oxidative stress, not being able to eliminate ROS in roots.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1715-1721. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1715The aim was to know N fertilizer needed by different panicle rice in xiliaohe region through comparing the difference of N fertilizer on yield, N accumulation and distribution of different panicle rice. The typical erect-panicle rice-‘Shennong 265' and half-erect-panicle rice-‘Liaojing 294' were used to study the influence of N fertilizer on N accumulation and distribution through field experiment. The results showed that The spike length, spikelet number, and harvest index of erect-panicle rice-‘Shennong 265' were higher than that of half-erect-panicle rice-‘Liaojing 294', but the spike number was reversed under different N rates; N accumulation amount of erect-panicle rice-‘Shennong 265' was more than that of half-erect-panicle rice-‘Liaojing 294' form heading stage to harvest, and the result was reversed from tiller stage to heading stage under different N levels. The rate of N maximum accumulation was improved, and the beginning and ending time of the biggest and rapid N accumulation rate were in advance due to N application. Comparing with half-erect-panicle rice-‘Liaojing 294', The N maximum accumulation rate of erect-panicle rice-‘Shennong 265' was lower, and the time when the N maximum accumulation and rapid accumulation rate appeared was postponed, N absorption and use efficiency were better especially under high N level.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1722-1727. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1722In order to clarify tomato requirement characteristics of fertilizer and water in different cultivation seasons, the effects of soil water content on plant growth, absorption and distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were studied by potted tomatoes with different cultivation seasons by main effect analysis. The results showed that cultivation season and soil water content had significant effects on plant growth, yield and absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and their interactions were also significant. In comparison to autumn-winter tomato, winter-spring tomato performed stronger vigor, and its yield per plant was higher by 40.23%, absorption rates of N, P and K were increased by 118.97%, 125.23% and 146.14% respectively, and absorption amount were raised by 65.32%, 70.68% and 85.99%. The distribution rates of N, P and K in stem and leaf of winter-spring tomato were improved, and their distribution rates in fruit were raised in autumn-winter tomato. With decrease of soil water content, plant growth, absorption amount and rate of N, P and K were reduced, and lower soil water content favored the distribution of N, P and K in fruits. The yield per plant with the treatment of soil water content of 65% was highest in autumn-winter tomato, but in winter-spring tomato yield per plant was highest in soil water content of 80%. This study provided the theoretical basis for high yield and guality cultivation of tomato.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(9): 1728-1735. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.09.1728To explore the effect of exogenous nitric oxide on volatile components in the petals of peony, 0.2 mmol ·L-1 nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used to spray whole plant leaves in bud stage. SPME-GC-MS was used to determine the volatile components in petals of tree peony. Sixty-two kinds of volatile components were detected in the different blooming stages of peony and SNP treatment, including alkanes, terpenes, arenes, alcohols, esters, ketones and heterocycles. Alkanes and terpenes were the most volatile components, and the most was at full-bloom stage. Exogenous NO treatment reduced the types of alkanes, alcohols and early arenes at the petals of all blooming stages. There was no evident impact on the terpenes and ketones with esters no detected. NO treatment increased the alkanes content at full-bloom stage, decreased the contents of the terpenes, alcohols and arenes at the beginning bloom stage. Therefore, the type and content of volatile component were influenced by exogenous NO in petals of tree peony at different flowering stages. There was most influence at full blooming stage, followed by the beginning bloom stage. The impact on the end bloom stage was the minimum. This study will provide certain theoretical basis for the development and utilization of peony flower.
