28 February 2014, Volume 28 Issue 2
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 169-176. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0169A radiation resistant gram-negative Bacterium strain, F-4, was isolated from the soil samples collected from the central Tibet. The 16S rDNA sequence of F-4 has high similarities with those species in genus Belnapia. Combined with morphology characteristics, strain F-4 was proposed the name Belnapia sp. F-4. The D10 values of F-4 after exposure to UV or gamma radiation were 300J·m-2 and 4000Gy respectively, much higher than those of radio-sensitive E.coli K12. The proteomic changes in response to gamma radiation were analyzed by exposing the early exponential F-4 cells to 1000 Gy gamma rays at room temperature. After irradiation, the cells was cultivated for 5 hours for recovery, and then the cellular soluble proteins were extracted and seperated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis was carried out to identify the differential expressed proteins after gamma irradiation. The results showed that 32 proteins displayed 3-fold increase or decrease after irradiation. Among them, 24 proteins were up-regulated and 8 proteins were down-regulated. These responsive proteins participate in protein folding, energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and unknown pathways. Studies on the radio-resistant Belnapia sp. F-4 may cast some light on elucidating the mechanism of radiation tolerance in bacteria.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 177-185. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0177The genetic diversity among 99 barley parent materials from different regions and population structure were analyzed by 71 pairs of SSR primers to provide useful information for hybridization combination and association mapping in barley. A total of 184 locus were detected, ranged from 2 to 5, with 2.6 locus in average per marker. Shannon index ranged from 0.0565 to 1.2241, with the mean of 0.6086. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.0200 to 0.6633, with the mean of 0.3729. Clustering analysis showed that the genetic similarity coefficient (GS) ranged from 0.5109 to 0.9511, the mean of which was 0.7202. At the genetic similarity coefficient level of 0.7100, 99 materials could be clustered into 5 groups, including 5, 4, 3, 6 and 79 materials, respectively. 5 subgroups could be sorted by principal coordinate analysis, including 5, 10, 12, 24 and 26 materials, respectively. After population structure analysis, these materials could also be divided into 5 subgroups, which included 24, 18, 6, 22and 29 materials.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 186-192. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0186A cotton mutant AS98 with ultra-dwarf was selected from a interspecific hybridization (Gossypium barbadense L.×Gossypium hirsutum L.). The plant height of AS98 is 25.6 cm. The boll weight, seed index and photosynthetic rate of AS98 were 68.88%、49.45% and 29.69% less as compared with that of the normal variety, respectively. Genetic analysis indicated that its dwarf trait was controlled by an incomplete-dominant nuclear gene. To find the molecular markers link to the dwarf trait, an F2 population was constructed by crossing mutant AS98 with LHF10W99. The dwarf trait linked to a SSR molecular markers GH537 and an AFLP marker E4M13 (E-ACA, M-CGA) with the distance of 4.9cM and 9.7cM, respectively.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 193-199. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0193The purpose of the study was to determine the genetic diversity of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge from four different cultivated habitats with 10 EST-SSR primers. The result showed that a high level of genetic diversity at the species level was detected (H=0.2245) and the low degree of genetic differentiation. The genetic variation mainly consisted in population based on Nei's coefficient of differentiation (GST). Genetic diversity of Sichuan in four habitats was significantly lower. The UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that Shandong habitat was the farthest with the other three populations and was relative independent habitats. The genetic relationships among habitats have low correlation with their geographical distribution. Our results suggested that outcrossing breeding system, planting seeds without deliberate selection might be those reasons result in the high genetic diversity at the species level and the low genetic differentiation among habitats.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 200-207. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.02002-DE was performed to identify the differences between 15DPA brown cotton fiber and its white near-isogenic line, and one of differential spots was identified as ANS by MAIDI-TOF-TOF analysis. GhANS was cloned from 15DPA cotton fiber through RT-PCR. The full length of its coding region was composed of 1062bp, encoding a peptide of 341 amino acid residue. Sequence analysis of predicted protein showed that GhANS belong to 2-ketoglutarate oxygenase family. The plant expression vector pGWB5-GhANS was constructed and used for subcellular localization analysis which shown that the GhANS located in cytoplasm. Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)showed that GhANS is expressed in all tested tissues, and the expression of GhANS was much higher in brown color fiber than that in its white near-isogenic fiber, suggesting that it may play an important role in pigment biosynthesis in brown color fibers.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 208-216. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0208Dwarfing wheat mutant DC20 was gibberellin acid (GA3) sensitive, which was induced by mixed particle field. In this paper, expression of genes related with gibberellins biosynthesis and signal transduction were analyzed. Among the target 10 genes, GA3 encoding of gibberellins synthetic enzyme Ent-kaurene oxidase (KO)was down-regulated 20.0 times in the mutant than that in the wild type, and GAMYB encoding positive acting factor down-regulated 3.1 times, genes GAI and SPY encoding reverse acting factors were up-regulated 2.3 and 1.3 times respectively. Exogenous GA3 inhibited the transcription of GAI, SPY and RGA, while the transcriptions of GA3 and GAMYB were significantly increased after GA3 treatment. It was concluded that the effect of DC20 dwarfing gene relative to GA pathways were regulated by exogenous GA3.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 217-223. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0217Grain weight is one of the major components of rice yield-associated traits, which is also an important factor effecting grain quality trait. The aim of this study is to finely map a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for thousand-grain weight (TGW). Five residual heterozygous lines (RHLs) carrying heterozygous segments of RM151-RM10404, RM151-RM10425 and RM1344-RM5359 in the almost pure parental background were selected from the recombinant inbred lines of Zhenshan 97/Miyang 46. F2:3 populations of the five RHLs were grown for QTL analysis for TGW,the target region RM151-RM1344 were confirmed existing a QTL for TGW of rice, and the allele for increasing TGW is derived from the parent Zhenshan 97. Using simple sequences repeat marker (SSR) analysis, four individual plants with the heterozygous segments of RM151-RM3746, RM151-RM10402, RM10381-RM10425 and RM10381-RM10425 were selected to develop F2 populations (FF population), and mapped the qTGW1 between RM10376-RM10404. Three individual plants with the heterozygous segments of RM10381-RM10402,RM10390-RM10425 and RM1344-RM10425 were used to develop their F2 populations (L population). Using these four F2 populations for further fine mapping, we narrowed the qtgw1 between RM10381 and RM10404 with a physical distance of about 246.6kb.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 224-233. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0224TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) platform has been developed and applied for point mutation identification and gene function analysis in plants for more than ten years. Various detection methods for this platform, such as sequencing, capillary electrophoresis and high resolution melting analysis, have been used in many researches. In the same time, EcoTILLING, DeTILLING and iTILLING have been applied in nature populations and physical mutagenized populations. In this paper, the detection methods and related bioinformatics softwares for TILLING platform were introduced, and the applications and research progresses in model plants, cereal crops, oil crops, vegetables and some vegetatively propagated plants were reviewed.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 234-239. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0234In order to establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for detecting bisphenol A (BPA) residues in food plastic bags, diimine carbonization methods were used to synthesize an immunogen (BHPVA-OVA) and a coating antigen (BHPVA-BSA) by conjugating a hapten, 4,4-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) valeric acid(BHPVA) to ovalbumin (OVA) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) respectively. The results of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) showed that the ratios of hapten to OVA and BSA for hapten conjugation were 16:1 and 12:1. New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with BHPVA-OVA, and polyclonal antibodies against BPA were raised with ELISA titers of 1:1×107. The antibodies were used in an indirect competitive ELISA (ciELISA) for BPA detection and this assay has a detection limit (IC10) of 0.04ng·mL-1 with a linear working range of 0.02 to 100ng·mL-1. The regression equation was y=9.0326 ln x + 39.105,R2=0.9975. BPA residues were found in all eight types of food plastic bags tested by ciELISA, and these ranged from 4.9 to 31mg·L-1 with the intra-and inter-assay CV below 12.48 %. These results indicate that the ciELISA assay can be used effectively to detect BPA contamination in food plastic bags, and the method has not only high sensitivity but also good reliability.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 240-244. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0240The Effect of irradiation on sterilization and quality in edible areca nut were studied. The results showed that irradiation was effective on sterilization, and while the irradiation dose was 3.65kGy, the total bacterial count reduced to 1.1×103CFU·g-1 from the initial 5.8×105CFU·g-1, and the count of mould was less than 10CFU·g-1 and that of coliform bacteria reduced to below 3 MPN·g-1 from the initial 4.6×102 MPN·g-1. While the irradiation dose was 8.45kGy, the total bacterial count, mould and coliform bacteria were undetected. Irradiation had no significant influence on the content of moisture, ash, protein and fat, but the content of total sugar, total phenols and pH value were significantly different with control. Irradiation would not affect the color, flavor, taste and acceptability of edible areca nut obviously when the irradiation dose was lower than 9.77kGy. 4~10kGy irradiation could well meet the hygiene requirement of edible areca nut.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 245-251. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0245The effect of breed on quality characteristics of lamb emulsified sausage was studied, all mutton samples were elaborated into lamb emulsified sausage with the same processing technic. Great variable coefficient were found among 20 breeds on a*, hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness, emulsion stability, water holding capacity and cooking loss. Variance analysis showed great variance of all indicators among 20 breeds (P<0.01). Sonid sheep, Baerchuke sheep, Turpan Black sheep, Aohan Merino were superior to Xingjiang Merino, Altay Fat-rumped sheep, Ujumqin×Small Tailed Han sheep, Suffolk×Small Tailed Han sheep in technology characteristics. Cluster analysis showed that different feeding system resulted in different quality of lamb emulsified sausage, lamb grazed on pasture resulted in better quality than those of drylot feeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 252-258. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0252In this study, Penaeus vanname were pretreated with different concentrations of low-temperature brine for different periods of time. With shelling time, total volatile basic nitrogen, activity of ATP-ase, hardness, elasticity of the meat, tension between shell and muscle, temperature variation as measurement index, Combined with sensory evaluation and cost optimum pretreatment conditions for shelling of Penaeus vannamei was confirmed as 1 hour of pretreatment with 4°Bélow-temperature brine. At which condition, the body temperature was 0.067℃, shelling time was 8.77 min, elasticity was 3.89 mm, hardness was 14.86N, tension was 1.27 N, total volatile basic nitrogen content was 4.61 mg·100 g-1, ATP-ase was 0.059 U·mg-1, and the shelled shrimp smelled normal and showed inherent color. The study provides technical support for mechanical shelling of Penaeus vannamei.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 259-269. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0259The goal of this study was to examine the volatile substances in the different parts of female Eriocheir sinensis in harvest season and to access how these change with temperature fluctuations. This data will provide guidance for processing. Electronic nose and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were used to detect and analyze changes in the volatile substances. The results showed that the electronic nose could detect changes in aroma before and after heating with high sensitivity. The smell of fresh female crab changed notably when heated to 100℃ and 150℃. Using GC-MS, 101, 130 and 113 volatile substances were identified in fresh female crabs, female crabs heated to 100℃ and female crabs heated to 150℃. Among these, the majority of the volatile components were compounds such as alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, esters and hydrocarbon. Fresh female crab has special smelling of fish, This is mainly caused by trimethylamine and other substances; At 100℃, female crab sent out rich aroma, mainly attributed to aldehydes and ketones such as nonanal and 6-methyl-5-heptene-2-one. Finally, at 150℃, female crab presented a grilled smell, mainly attributed to furans and pyrazines such as 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine and 2-acetyl pyrrole. The volatiles of female crab different parts were changed a lot after heating, electronic nose and HS-SPME-GC-MS can analysis the volatile substances changes of the female crab at different heating temperatures.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 270-277. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0270In order to optimize the technology for combined vacuum microwave and explosion puffing of wax gourd chips, the effects of six factors, each factor corresponding to 5 levels, such as the moisture content of the pre-dehydrating wax gourd slices, microwave power and time, puffing temperature, vacuum drying temperature and time on puffing ratio, brittleness, color and moisture content indexes of the wax gourd chips prepared by combined vacuum microwave and explosion puffing drying were investigated by uniform design. The experimental data were analyzed on the basis of stepwise regression. The optimum puffing conditions were obtained as follows: the moisture content of the pre-dehydrating wax gourd slices was controlled at 47.4%, microwave power was selected at 8.5W·g-1, microwave heating lasted for 135s, puffing temperature was selected at 106℃,vacuum drying temperature was controlled at 72℃, vacuum drying lasted for 85 min. The results can provide reference for industrial production of combined vacuum microwave and explosion puffing of wax gourd chips.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 278-284. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0278To prolong shelf life of scallops, Propolis Extract, Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Tea Polyphenols were selected as biological preservatives based on study of single biological preservative for L9(33) orthogonal experiment in the preservation of scallops under the storage environment of 0℃, and the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), total bacterial count, sensory scores and pH values of each sample group were examined in order to select the most effective composite biological preservative. The results indicate that the order of the preservation effectiveness is Tea Polyphenol > Carboxymethyl Chitosan > Propolis Extract, and the optimum composition of the composite biological preservative is: Tea Polyphenol 0.2%, Carboxymethyl Chitosan 1.5%, Propolis Extract 0.3%.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 285-291. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0285Except nutritional, emulsifying and stabilizing, flavor is an important functional property of food systems, influenced greatly by protein. Protein degradation results in the formation of flavor compounds, but the most important function of protein is the effect on food flavor release and perception through interaction with volatile flavor compounds; this phenomenon has been well known, but the mechanism of these interactions is still unclear. In this paper, the research progress of the mechanism, influencing factors and frequently used research methods of these interactions is summarized, and the influencing factors are introduced systematically from three aspects, the kinds, concentration and conformation of protein, the physicochemical property and molecular properties of volatile flavor compounds, and medium such as salinity, pH, and temperature, in order to provide reference for further research.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 292-301. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0292Chlorogenic acids(CGA), existing in a variety of plants, is an important secondary metabolites. CGA has multiple biological activities such as scavenging free radicals, anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, reducing blood pressure and blood lipids content, etc. Therefore, the research of CGA has become one of the hotspots of the active substance research. In this paper we summarized the research progresses of CGA on its structure, the extraction and purification methods, the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods and its biological activities and application areas, aiming at providing some data reference for the development and application of CGA in the fields of food, medicine and cosmetics.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 302-308. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0302A randomized block design field experiments with 4 treatments of whole surface plastic film mulching double ridge-furrow cropping (FMRFC), ridge film cover with furrow sand cover cropping(FSMC), whole soil surface sand cover flat cropping (SMC) and uncover and flat cropping (CK) were conducted to investigate the effects of different mulching cropping patterns on soil moisture-temperature and yield of dryland Maize (cv: Shendan 16) at Dingxi agricultural experimental station of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2009. Results showed that all of the mulching treatments consistently improved the soil temperature of 0~25cm soil layer at seedling to tasselling stage of maize and intensively consumed the soil moisture of 0-100cm soil layer. FMRFC was the top one at both situation with 0~25cm soil layer average soil temperature being raised by 3.1~3.3℃ and 0~100cm soil moisture consuming amount being increased by 9.8% compared with CK. After harvest, the soil moisture of 0~20cm soil layer had been well renewed with that of 20~100cm soil layer not full refilled as that before sowing. Mulching cropping significantly improved corn yield by greatly changing the economic characteristics of grain number per spike, grain mass per spike, 100-seeds mass and water use efficiency (WUE) of corn with the prioritizing order of FMRFC>FSMC>SMC>CK. FMRFC was recommended as the first choice of mulching pattern for maize high yield cropping in dry agriculture. As FMRFC uses more soil moisture of 0~100cm soil layer than other ones, which is not good for water balance between years, the relative soil water efficient adjust and control measurements need further study.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 309-317. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.01.0309The aim of this paper was to explore the response regularity of canopy spectral of chlorophyll content for winter wheat under different sowing date. In the experiment, four sowing dates were conducted to determine canopy spectral and chlorophyll content of winter wheat, and these data were fused to simulate a muti-sowing date which has practical significance based on the statistic method. Then five models of chlorophyll content were established. The results showed that the optimal sowing date was October 6 in monitoring the chlorophyll content. The established model whose determination coefficient could reach to 0.7835 was tested with the measured value and estimated value, and the consequence revealed that the validation's R2 (0.8617) was significant. Meanwhile, the constructed model based on the simulated multi-sowing date had a higher determination coefficient of 0.6713, and the model tested with the same methods. The validation indicators R2, RE, RMSE were 0.8342, 0.0559 and 0.1722, respectively. So the simulated multi-sowing date model in monitoring chlorophyll content based on the canopy spectral was much more applicable and universal. The observation on response of canopy spectral of chlorophyll content for winter wheat under different sowing date will provide theoretical reference and guidance for monitoring the winter wheat in large-scale.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 317-326. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0317Nitrogen treatment is an important prerequisite to achieve high grain yield of summer maize. The objective of this study was to reveal the effects of nitrogen treatments on yield, dry matter production and photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize under super-high yield (≥15 000kg·hm-2) conditions. An split plot design field experiment was conducted using three maize hybrids‘Suyu30’,‘Suyu20’,‘Suyu29’as materials. Six nitrogen levels which were 0,360,405,450,495,540kg·ha-1 respectively were designed in this study of four years. Meanwhile, the key quality of dry matter production simulated with Richards equation and photosynthetic of five different stages were analyzed. Results showed the yields of three maize hybrids reached the peak at 450kg·ha-1 nitrogen level, which were 13798kg·ha-1, 15455kg·ha-1, 16787kg·ha-1, respectively. According to the regression equations between nitrogen application rate and yield of three hybrids, we could know that the optimal nitrogen applications of three maize hybrids were 461.3kg·ha-1、463.8kg·ha-1、452.8kg·ha-1, respectively. The yields would decrease when nitrogen application level was too high or too low. (2) 450kg·ha-1 nitrogen level increased the photosynthetic rate at anthesis stage, decreased magnitude of its decline during filling stage. And the maize population had a higher accumulation rate and a bigger amount of dry materials at 450kg·ha-1 nitrogen level. The results analyzed by Richards model showed that the maximal accumulation rate of dry materials of three maize hybrids appeared at the first 10 days after anthesis stage and the later the higher yield; 'Suyu29' among three maize hybrids which had the longest active growth period(up to 25 days after anthesis stage nearly) and the maximal accumulation of practical and theoretical dry materials had the highest yield. After comparing the maximal accumulation of practical and theoretical dry materials, we could know that‘Suyu20’and‘Suyu29’still had the great yield potential. Based on these characteristics, the key points to build the super high-yield maize populations were as followed: increasing the photosynthetic rate during filling stage with nitrogen treatment, delaying the date of the maximal accumulation rate of dry materials, increasing accumulation rate and amount of dry materials in early filling stage using nitrogen application.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 327-334. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0327
Dwarf varieties have the advantage of improving plant type, lodging and high-yield. Soybean‘Dongnong 42’and its dwarf mutant‘Dongze 11’were used as experimental materials, with 100mg·L-1 exogenous GA3 treatment every 10 days to investigate the effects of plant height growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and photosynthetic products in leaves at July 1 to August 20. The results indicated that the GA3 treatment promoted the growth of both dwarf mutant and wild type, and 100mg·L-1 exogenous GA3 treatment could recover plant height phenotype of the mutant. The transpiration rate, the stomatal conductance, the intercellular CO2 concentration, the chlorophyl1, the soluble protein, and the starch content were increased, while the photosynthetic rate and the soluble sugar and sucrose content were decreased in dwarf mutant leaves by exogenous GA3 treatment. The transpiration rate, the stomatal conductance, the chlorophyl1, the soluble protein, the soluble sugar, and the sucrose content were increased, while photosynthetic rate, the intercellular CO2 concentration, and the starch content were decreased in wild type leaves by exogenous GA3 treatment.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 335-342. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0335The present study was designed to investigate the effect of active immunization against GnRH-Tandem-Dimer (GTD)on functions of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in female rats. 48 adult female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated to two groups. One group was immunized at age of 12 weeks with a booster vaccination 4 weeks later. The other group were not administrated and served as control group. Blood samples for hormone assays were collected on the day of 1st vaccination and every 2 weeks later on. The rats were decapitated at 4, 8, 12 weeks after booster vaccination (n=8, respectively). At autopsy, hypothalamic, pituitary and ovary were collected to detect the mRNA expressions of reproduction-related genes. The results showed that in immunocastrates, the ovaries were atrophied seriously, and weight of which were decreased to 23.12% of controls at 12 weeks of after booster vaccination (p< 0.05); serum FSH, LH, P4 and E2 levels were significantly decreased to low or non-detectable levels (p< 0.05). In contrast to controls, except hypothalamic GnRH, the mRNA expression levels in hypothalamic ER, pituitary GnRH-R, LH-β and FSH-β and ovarian LH-R, FSH-R and ER in immunocastrated rats were significantly down-regulated after immunization (p< 0.05). In summary, the functions of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis would affected by active immunization against GDT through regulating reproductive hormones level and related gene expressions.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 343-349. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0343A field experiment with split plot design was carried out to study effects of postponing nitrogen application and spraying foliar 6-BA after anthesis on grain yield and quality of winter wheat in 2010-2011 growing seasons using the variety of Yannong 19 with the total amount of nitrogen being 240 kg hm-2. The results showed that both postponing nitrogen application and spraying foliar 6-BA after anthesis improved activities of GS, GPT, SSS in grain of winter wheat significantly, while had no significant effect on GBSS activity in grain of winter wheat. Postponing nitrogen application significantly improved grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield, and spraying foliar 6-BA after anthesis significantly increased 1000-grain weight and grain yield. Both postponing nitrogen application and spraying foliar 6-BA after anthesis improved protein content and each protein ingredient content, Glu/Gli ratio, protein accumulation, starch content, amylopectin content, amylopectin/amylose ratio and starch accumulation in grain significantly. Spraying foliar 6-BA after anthesis promoted the effects of postponing nitrogen application. Under the condition of this experiment, the treatment B1N4 (base fertilizer: elongation fertilizer: booting fertilizer=3:5:2, spraying foliar 6-BA after anthesis with the concentration of 10 mg L-1 and the volume of 100mL m-2) had the optimal effect on the improvement of the yield and quality of winter wheat.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 350-357. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0350Two winter wheat cultivars differing in the overwintering survival rate were used as the trial materials to investigate the effects of soil water contents on the freezing tolerant abilities of winter wheat during winter season. The gradient of the soil water contents was designed as follows: 15%±2%, 30%±2%, 45%±2% and control (CK, 35%~40%), which converted into soil relative water contents as 22.4%~29.3%, 48.3%~55.2%, 60.7%~69.1% and 74.1%~81.0%, respectively. And some physiological and biochemical traits were measured. The results showed that the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and soluble protein contents increased with soil water content decreasing. And superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (POD) and glutathione (GSH) values rose under severe drought(15%±2%) treatment. The winter wheat cultivar with freezing tolerance has higher values in SOD, POD, GSH and AsA, as well as stronger ability for active oxygen removal than the cold sensitive one. The soil water content of 35.0%~ 40.0% before the soil frozen-up has more benefit to the overwintering survival of winter wheat.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(2): 358-363. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.02.0358Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is moderately sensitive to salt. Diploid potato has various genetic variation and is a valuable resource for salt and alkali-tolerance breeding. This study was conducted to investigate if there was any relationship between salt (NaCl) tolerance and alkali (NaHCO3) tolerance in diploid potatoes by comparing morphological and physiological traits of diploid potatoes with various levels of salt tolerance under alkali stress. Fifteen Solanum phureja (PHU) and S. stenotomum (STN) hybrid (PHU-STN) clones, which were selected and divided into three groups based on different salt tolerance determined by a salt tolerance test, and their two parents were stressed in MS medium with various concentrations of NaHCO3. Twenty-eight days after treatment, morphological traits (shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, and root dry weight) and physiological traits (Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Peroxidase (POD) activity and Malondialdehyde content) of the PHU-STN clones were determined. The results indicated that the sensitivity of diploid potatoes to NaCl and NaHCO3 was generally consistent, namely, the salt-tolerant diploid potatoes were also tolerant to alkali. However, it should be noted that this relation was not absolute because the difference of the five clones in each of the three groups of various salt tolerances was significant or highly significant for most of the index tested under NaHCO3stress.
