30 December 2013, Volume 27 Issue 12
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1791-1796. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1791
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BGP20 was a promising candidate in biological control of postharvest bacterial soft rot of vegetables caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc). In order to further improve its biocontrol effect against bacterial soft rot, the mutation breeding of B. amyloliquefaciens BGP20 was carried out by 60Co irradiation. This study showed that the mortality rate of BGP20 increased with increasing radiation dose from 200 Gy to 800 Gy. The 600 Gy radiation dose was used in the mutation breeding in which the mortality rate was 78.3%. The biocontrol effects of 409 mutant strains were evaluated in peppers. Among them, a mutant strain called BGP20-γ had a higher biocontrol effect compared to the wild strain BGP20. The lesion area of peppers treated by BGP20-γ was decreased by 64.4% compared to that of peppers treated by BGP20. In addition, the mutant strain BGP20-γ had stronger colonizing ability in peppers than the wild strain BGP20, and the viable count of the pathogenic bacteria Ecc was suppressed to a low level.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1797-1802. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1797
The relationship between 5 bamboo accessions was investigated with 30 single-copy orthologous genes (COSⅡ) markers. All of 30 pairs of primers exhibited specific PCR products in at least 3 out 5 accessions. A total of 101 bands were obtained using COSⅡmarkers, of which, 88 bands (87.12%) were polymorphic. Several pairs of primers showed multi-copy PCR products in all the 5 bamboo species, but no polymorphisms between the products. Based on polymorphic pattern revealed by the 30 primer pairs, genetic distances were calculated with NTsys 2.10e software. The 5 samples belonging to Phyllostachys genus were classified into three groups when the coefficient of heredity is 0.658. Ph. nigra and Ph. glabrata were clustered into two individual groups. While Ph. reticulate, Ph. aurea and Ph. reticulata f.lacrima-deae, with a closer relationship, formed a third group. This classification results based on COSⅡ molecular markers were coincided with the results based on morphological classification. Therefore, this set of COSⅡ molecular markers could be well applied in genetic analysis and other related researches in bamboo.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1803-1808. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1803
The promoter of Pi-ta in japonica variety of Nipponbare was cloned and its fusion expression vector of GUS was established. The transgenic rice plants were obtained by an Agrobacterium mediated method. By means of GUS histochemical staining and quantitative essay, GUS activity was analyzed in the transgenic rice, the results showed that GUS gene was expressed in root, stem and leaves. GUS activity was increased by inoculation of Magnaporthe oryzae (M.oryzae) . Moreover, GUS activity was also increased by treatment with the resistance-related signaling molecules salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA). Our results indicated that promoter of Pi-ta could respond to M.oryzae as an inducible promoter, as well as to SA and MeJA.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1809-1816. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1809
In this experiment, the tobacco cultivar Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi was used as materials. The time and temperature sensitivity of HR induction with TMV infection, as well as the effects on HR induction and necrotic lesion formation with different concentration of TMV inoculation were studied. By monitoring the time of HR appearance and the size and density of necrotic lesions, the results showed: HR began to appear on the site of infection at 36 hours post TMV inoculation and HR symptoms became clear at 48 hours post TMV inoculation. Subsequently, the cells died gradually and formed necrotic lesion on the site of inoculation. After TMV inoculation, tobacco leaves appeared typical HR at 22℃ or 28℃, but HR did not appear at 15℃ or 35℃, the result indicated that HR induction had temperature sensitivity. When tobacco leaves were inoculated with different concentration of TMV, whether at 22℃ or at 28℃, the effects on HR induction was not obvious, but affected the size of necrotic lesion, which was that the size of necrotic lesion increased at high concentration and changed little at low concentration, and the density of necrotic lesions also had certain correlation with concentration. These results suggested that HR induction had time and temperature sensitivity by the interaction between the N gene and the replicase gene of TMV, and provided the theoretical basis for further understanding the mechanisms of plant disease resistance and the breeding of tobacco resistant to virus.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1817-1827. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1817
In this study, a total of 21 elite rice varieties, 16 indica and 5 japonica, were selected and investigated for the regeneration and transformation frequencies generated from tissue culture experiments. The results showed that i) the callus induction rate in the 21 cultivars were between 30.37% and 72.46% when cultured on the NBm callus induction medium; ii) regeneration ability of 21 varieties was associated with genotypes, the age of calli and medium composition. To974 callus of age 15 days had the highest number of plant regeneration rate (RR) (84.0%) and the mean number of regenerated shoots (NRS) (2.96) among all tested cultivars on NBm differentiation medium; and both To974 callus of age 15 days and Yuetai B callus of age 15 days showed the highest number of RR (73.33%) and NRS (3.55), respectively, on DL3 differentiation medium. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Bt gene was then performed on 12 varieties and transgenic plants were obtained from 7 varieties after PCR identification of the target gene. Different frequencies of transformation in different rice varieties were ranged from 0 to 25% and corresponded with different regeneration frequencies of the varieties.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1828-1838. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1828
This study was carried out to analyze the genetic diversity of maize inbred lines and to study genetic structure of germplasm population in order to provide the theoretical basis for preparing dominant hybrid seed. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis of the 70 loci distributed uniformly throughout the maize genome was used to detect genetic variation among 96 maize inbred lines and 6 testers. The population genetic structure was assessed by using Structure2.3.1 software. Setting subsets(K) for 1-9,using ΔK(k) to determine the most suitable value of K, and then to generate the Q-matrix. Seventy loci identified 213 polymorphic bands. The average number of allele per SSR locus was 3.610 with a range from 2 to 7. The polymorphism information content(PIC) for the SSR loci varied from0.216 to 0.846 with an average of 0.614. Genetic similarities among the materials in this study ranged from 0.282 to 0.882 with an average of 0.670. The inbred lines could be classified into 6 clusters by UPGMA (unweighted pair group method arithmetic average) which could be simplified into SS (LRC,PA,Reid) and NSS(PB,SPT, Lancaster) heterotic groups. Assessment of population structure showed that the most appropriate K=7, namely, there were 7 sub-groups in the target population. The defined population analysis of inbred lines provided the basis for selecting new hybridization combinations.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1839-1844. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1839
Using double low rapeseed lines 319 as female parent and 236 (selected from Gaoyou 605) as male parent, a rapeseed variety (Zheda 619),with high quality,high yield and good disease resistance,was selected through hybridization, microspore culture and breeding selection. This cultivar Zheda 619 possessed the "double high and double low" characters (high oil content, high yield potential, low erucic acid and low glucosinolate content). It was registered and released by the Zhejiang Provincial Crops Variety Approval Committee in 2009 (Zheshengyou 2009002). The two-year average oil production reached 115.2kg·hm-2 in the Regional Rapeseed Test of Zhejiang province in 2007 and 2008, which was increased by 14.19% compared with the control. Its oil content reached 47.69% and glucosinolate content 18.41 μmol·g-1 in the Rapeseed Production Test of Zhejiang province in 2008 and 2009, which was among the top of double-low-and-high-yield rapeseed cultivars bred in China. In addition, Zheda 619 had better disease resistant ability and better quality than the control, which was suitable for the commercial application in Zhejiang province and the rapeseed production area in the middle and lower reaches of Yangzi River. With the development of the high-yield cultivation techniques, the highest record ever of rapeseed yield (3637.5kg·hm-2) was achieved by Zheda 619 in 2011.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1845-1852. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1845
The chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure were investigated in 10 xantha mutants of Oncidium cultivar 'Milliongolds'. The results showed that:(1) The chlorophyll(Chl) and carotene(Car) contents of mutants with yellow streak leaves(Y1~Y6) reduced significantly and accounted 28.47%~87.21% and 35.82%~91.98% of that of normal plant respectively. The ratio of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b(Chl a/b) increased significantly in Y2,Y3,Y5 and Y6, but decreased significantly in Y4. The chlorophyll synthesis was blocked at the reactions from coproporphyrinogen Ⅲ(Coprogen Ⅲ) to protoporphyrin Ⅸ(Proto Ⅸ) (Y1,Y2,Y3,Y5 and Y6),and from Proto Ⅸ to Mg-protoporphyrin Ⅸ(Mg-Proto Ⅸ) (Y4) respectively.(2) The Chl and Car contents of mutants with whole yellow leaves(Y7~Y10) reduced significantly and accounted 10.94%~15.22% and 22.06%~28.94% of that of normal plant respectively. Significant higher Chl a/b and lower Chl/Car were observed in Y7~Y10. The chlorophyll synthesis was blocked at the reaction from Coprogen Ⅲ to Proto Ⅸ.(3) Less chloroplasts and grana lamellas were observed in the yellow leaves of xantha mutants. Some chloroplasts exhibited malformed morphology with sparse and loose grana lamells,and with more osmioplilic granules and vesicas.(4) Two polymorphic loci were detected among the xantha mutants using ISSR primer UBC827 and UBC897. It was concluded that yellow leaves of mutants resulted from the decrease of chlorophyll,which caused by the blocking of chlorophyll synthesis and the malformation of chloroplast.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1853-1857. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1853
The space-flight mutation breeding conception, characteristics, mutagenic effects, research progress at home and abroad in woody plant were reviewed in this paper. Compared with crops, although the research of the woody plants space-flight mutation breeding in China started later, but it has developed rapidly and has gotten certain achievement.Now the satellite and high-altitude balloon experiment were conducted with over 20 tree species such as Populus ussuriensis and 50 flower species such as Paeonia suffruticosa. The above work will has profound significance for space-flight breeding technology application on woody plants. In the end, this thesis analyzes the prospect in the future from four aspects such as using woody plants asexual reproduction characteristic, strengthening the space mutation mechanism study, enhancing new space mutation varieties screen and strengthening ornamental specific types selection.This thesis also thinks that the space mutation breeding is expected to become an effective way in woody plant genetic breeding.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1858-1864. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1858
The method for determination volatiles from irradiated yeast extract(YE) using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed in this paper. The extraction conditions were optimized with reference to the peak area and number of volatiles as aldehyde,ketone,alcohol,acid,ester and sulfur compounds. The optimized conditions of HS-SPME for volatiles in irradiated YE were:divinyl benzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) ber,extration time 40min,extraction temperature 40℃.The volatiles fromYE irradiated by 0-19.8kGy were detected using HS-SPME coupled with GC-MS. The results showed that only 15 volatiles were detected from no irradiated YE and main compounds were acetic acid,2,3-butanediol and 1-hexanol,2-ethyl-.There were 40 volatiles detected from irradiated YE and the main compounds were acetic acid,phenylethyl alcohol,heptanal and nonanal.Compare to no irradiated yeast extract,the aldehyde,ketone,alkene and disulfide,dimethyl were produced by irradiating process.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1865-1872. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1865
Characterization and thermal inactivation kinetics of lipoxygenase (LOX) from sweet corn were studied. Effects of pH, temperature, metal ions and its complexing agents concentration on LOX activity were investigated and parameters for the reaction kinetics and thermal inactivation of LOX were determined. The results show that the optimum temperature and pH of sweet corn LOX were 30℃ and pH 7.5, respectively. LOX can remain relatively stable at pH 6.0. The enzyme activity was stimulated by Ca2+, K+, Mn2+, but was inhibited by Fe3+, Cu2+, complexing agents and sulfhydryl reagents. The reactive kinetics are accordant with Michaelis equation; Km and Vmax were found to be 4.37 mmol·L-1 and 13.00 U·min-1. Thermal inactivation of LOX could be described by a first order kinetic model, and activation energy Ea was further calculated to be 116.39 ± 0.52 kJ·mol-1. The study provides key parameters for control of LOX activity in processing and storage of sweet corn.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1873-1880. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1873
To explore the change of flavor compounds of Scapharca subcrenata in the process, developing a scientific processing method. The study used electronic nose to detect the flavor of changes of Scapharca subcrenata in different temperatures, combined headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry to detect the flavor compounds of changes of different heating temperatures Scapharca subcrenata. The results showed that the electronic nose could be sensitive to detect the changes of odor of Scapharca subcrenata during the heating processing, the odor of fresh Scapharca subcrenata changed significantly during the temperature rising. A total of 24,23,27,18 and 8 volatile compounds in fresh Scapharca subcrenata, 70, 85,105 and 120℃ heated samples were identified. 2,4-Heptadienal, (E,E) -, Hexanal, heptanal and other aldehydes had the greater impact on the flavor of fresh Scapharca subcrenata that contributed a fruity likeness aroma. After heated, the flavor of fresh Scapharca subcrenata was disappearing, furan was increased markedly becoming the main volatility flavor compounds, played an important role in the formation of baking flavors.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1881-1886. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1881
In order to obtain antioxidant peptides from hydrolysates of Portunus pelagicus meat, the enzymatic condition was optimizated by response surface methodology using the reducing power as index of antioxidant activity. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were as follows: reaction temperature 51℃, pH 7.5 for a hydrolysis duration of 3.2 h. Under these conditions the concentration is 35.7mg·mL-1, the reducing power was up to 0.645 and the degree of hydrolysates was 17.15%. The results indicated that the hydrolysates of Portunus pelagicus meat showed some antioxidant ability and weaker than Vc and BHT.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1887-1891. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1887
An introduction is given on sources and hazards of 137Cs in marine products; the development on the methods of determination of 137Cs in marine products was reviewed,and the urgency to monitor 137Cs in our country's marine products was discussed. Finally, suggestions were proposed for developing monitoring of 137Cs-polution in marine products in China.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1892-1896. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1892
In order to study the effects of subprostrate sophora and myristica fragrans on two kinds of rot-causing fungi of broccoli, these extracts were prepared and added to the potato glucose liquid medium. The drug-contained medium were made. It inoculated with two kinds of rot-causing fungi of broccoli, alternaria alternate and sclerotinia sclerotiorum. They were cultivated in 28℃. Cell wet weight, electrical conductivity, protein content and bacterial protein SDS-PAGE of the culture medium were determined to study the antimicrobial effects of Chinese herb medicine extract on the rot-causing fungi of broccoli.The results showed that all the two treatment groups could inhibit the increase of cell wet weight, increase nutrient solution conductivity, delay the consumption of protein, reduce bacterial protein content and types compared with the controls. And inhibition effect of subprostrate sophora extract was the best.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1897-1902. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1897
Deinococcus radiodurans is extremely resistant to radiation, desiccation, oxidizing agents and other extreme conditions. One of the unique lipids in Deinococcus radiodurans is the polar lipid phosphoglycolipid with alkylamine as the main component. Alkylamine derived from fatty acids. The composition characteristic of lipids is one of the classification criterias of Deinococcus. This article provided an overview of the main features of the Deinococcus radiodurans and introduced special polar lipids that have been found as well as the taxonomy significances of such lipids. The research progress of the relationship between lipids and their resistance mechanisms and the prospects of special lipids in Deinococcus radidurans have also been discussed.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1903-1911. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1903
In order to investigate the water-saving effect of the full plastic film mulching with soil covered on plastic film(FPFM) on first-crop wheat(FFPFM) and second-crop wheat(SFPFM) in dryland,an successive 5-year field experiment was carried out during the wheat growth period from 2008 to 2012 and during the summer fallow in 2012 by means of measuring dynamics of soil moisture content (SMC). The results showed that the SMC dynamics was similar between FFPFM and FFPFM during the experimental period, reaching the maximum at seedling stage, reducing to the minimum at heading stage and increasing slightly at ripening stage. Compared with no-mulching wheat, SMC under the treatments of FPFMFW and FPFMSW increased respectively by 1.1% and 1.6% in soil surface, and 0.3% and 1.8% in 20~100cm soil layer, respectively. SMC under the FFPFM treatment reduced by 0.2 percent while that of SFPFM increased by 1.3 percent in 100-200cm soil layer. In the summer fallow period, Soil water storage under three treatments including FFPFM, SFPFM and no-mulching increased 97.6mm, 148mm and 65.9mm, respectively. Soil water storage rate were 42%, 65% and 29%, respectively. Water-saving effect of FFPFM was significant. The significant yield improvement of FFPFM and SFPFM was also found in this experiment compared with no-mulching wheat. FFPFM, as a new agronomic technology in dryland, is beneficial to accumulate more natural precipitation in soil, lessen the ineffective evaporation and enhance the natural precipitation efficiency.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1912-1919. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1912
Field experiments were conducted to investigate effective planting density in field and its mechanism of production stability and yield improvement of oil flax in arid areas for one film used for two years. It was compared soil water amount, leaf area, filling rate, dry matter accumulation, water use efficiency and yield under seven planting density models of oil flax, 300(D1), 450(D2), 600(D3), 750(D4), 900(D5), 1050(D6) and 1200(D7) ten thousand grains per hectare. The results showed that low planting-density had an remarkable effect on soil water utilization, photosynthetic area promotion and assimilation accumulation improvement of oil flax under one film used two years. Differences of soil water storage were mainly reflected at the budding stage under seven planting density models, which keep essential water for transition from vegetative to reproductive stage. Leaf area response to the different treatments had the same trend as soil water storage, and showed the highest in the different growth periods in D1, which significantly increased by 210.85% over the lowest D6 at the budding stage. For 30 days and 50 days after flowering, the filling rate of D1 increase by 55.12% and 71.83% over the D7, respectively. In the whole growth period, there appeared the highest in dry matter accumulation in D1, while continued to maintain growth in D1, D2, D3 and D4, but declined in late growth stage in D5, D6 and D7. Yield in D1 had the highest grain yield (1 837.95 kg·hm-2) with D3,D2, D6,D4,D5 and D7 yields of 1617.30,1598.40,1533.30,1501.35,1495.05,and 1441.80 kg·hm-2, respectively. The trend in water use efficiency was the same with that in yield. Water use efficiency was the highest in D1, up to 30.69% over D7. The study recommended D1 (3 000 000 grains·hm-1) as the most appropriate density in high-yield. However, considerations of local physical conditions and tillage measures is also needed to determinethe optimal planting density.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1920-1926. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1920
Studies of the resistance and accumulation ability of different plant species to uranium (U) has important influence on the bioremediation of U contaminated soil. The resistance and enrichment ability of high concentrations of U (500mg·kg-1soil) in fourteen plant species were investigated and evaluated in this study in order to screen remediation plants for governance soil U contamination. The results showed that: (1) high concentrations of U stress had different effects on the emergence and survival of the different plants. The seed emergence of Hibiscus esculentus was reduced by 2/3, but the seed emergence of Gynura cusimbua (D. Don) S. Moore, Chenopodium album L. and Phaseolus vulgaris var. humilis Alef were not reduced. Under the contaminated soil, all the sesamum indicum died within a month after the emergence and the survival number of Amaranth and Iresine herbstii‘Aureo-reticulata’reduced by about 80%. But the survival number of Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.) Griseb., Chenopodium album L. and Phaseolus vulgaris var. humilis Alef were not influenced. (2) The biomass of the plants would be reduced by 8-99% in the uranium-contaminated soil. The anti-stress ability of Phaseolus vulgaris var. humilis Alef was the strongest in the fourteen plants, and Cucurbita pepo L., Sorghumbicolor (L.) Moench, Ipomoea aquatica Forsk, Helianthus annuus, Chenopodium album L. and Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. showed some the anti-stress ability. (3) Significant differences were found in the capacity of plants to absorb uranium between under high-uranium contaminated soil and under the non-uranium contaminated soil were. The plants with higher uranium content in thenon-contaminated soil were Gomphrena globosa, and Cucurbita pepo L., which were 2.249 mg·kg-1DW and 1.620mg·kg-1DW, respectively. But the plants with higher uranium content in the high uranium contaminated soil were Cichorium intybus L., Amaranth and Ipomoea aquatica Forsk,which were 728.7, 413.8 and 337.6 mg·kg-1DW, respectively. (4) The uranium content of roots and amount fixed by roots per area of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Helianthus annuus and Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. were bigger, and the uranium contents of stem and leaves and amount extracted by stem and leaves per aera of Phaseolus vulgaris var. humilis Alef and waterspinach were bigger. Phaseolus vulgaris var. humilis Alef, waterspinach, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Helianthus annuus, and Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. could be taken as repaired plants and Phaseolus vulgaris var. humilis Alef, waterspinach were good ones.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1927-1937. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1927
Rainy weather in the seasons of rice growing often causes weak light stress. So it's meaningful to study the interactive effects of light intensity and nitrogen supply. As a result, people can spread nitrogen fertilizer rationally according to the different light intensity. Under hydroponic pot conditions, with two Indica types and two Japonica types as experimental materials, two elements including light intensity (L0、L1 and L2) and nitrogen supply (N1、N2 and N3 represent 7、21 and 35 mg·kg-1 respectively) were conducted in 2012 to study the interaction effects of light and nitrogen on the indicators of main growth traits in rice. The results showed that at the same growth stage and light intensity, values of the main growth traits increased with the concentration of nitrogen supply. At the same nitrogen level, tiller numbers of rice were shown as follows: Under the nitrogen level of 21、35 mg·kg-1, two Indica rice varieties were shown as L2 < L0 < L1, while two Japonica rice varieties were characterized by L2 < L1 < L0. At the stages of jointing, heading and maturity, the rice height and the value of leaf SPAD gradually increased with the light intensity weakening. Moreover, as the light intensity decreased gradually, leaf area decreased at elongation stage while increased at maturity stage. In this paper, by the effects of each single factor, such as light intensity, nitrogen levels and rice varieties, four growth traits had extremely significant differences among different varieties. Moreover, the effects of each single factor were significantly greater than those interaction effects. In this paper, it is demonstrated that when rice is in weak light stress, it will be unfavorable-delayed senescence, taller, higher values of leaf SPAD and leaf area. This phenomenon becomes more obvious with the increase of nitrogen level.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1938-1947. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1938
Salt tolerance and grain quality are two important target traits for rice breeding. Although lots of studies have been done to investigate salt tolerance or grain quality in rice, the correlation between these two traits is poorly understood. In this study, the germination and seedling growth rate of the seeds of 31 indica rice varieties were investigated under the stress of various salt concentrations. The results showed that seed viability, vigor and seedling growth rate of all the 31 varieties were inhibited by the salt stress, and the inhibition effect strengthened as the concentration of NaCl increased. Varieties displayed significantly different salt tolerance. Miyang 46 and its derivative varieties were found to own the strongest tolerance at germination and seedling stages. Meanwhile, by using the near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy method, grain quality assay was conducted to measure the seed amylose content, gel consistency, alkali spreading value, total protein and amino acid content. Correlation analysis indicated that the mean germination time is highly negatively correlated amylose content (AC), but positively correlated with gel consistency (GC). Conversely, tolerance ratio showed a significant positive correlation with AC, and a negative correlation with GC. In addition, under both H2O and salt stress conditions, the germination energy, germination ratio and germination index showed significant positive correlations with the content of total protein and most of amino acids. More interestingly, only the Cys content was found to be negative correlated with tolerance ratio and salt tolerance index when 8 g·L-1 NaCl was applied. In summary, our study shed some light on the correlation between salt tolerance and grain quality traits in rice. Grain quality traits can be potentially used as markers in salt-tolerant rice varieties breeding.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1948-1954. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1948
The resistant and susceptible alfalfa clones R-1 and I-1 were empolyed to test effect of Odontothrips loti on reactive oxygen metabolism of Medicago sativa. Results showed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, hydroxyl radical (OH·) concentrations and superoxide anion free radical (O2·-) generation rates of R-1 had no obvious change under low thrips density (1, 3 per branch), but increased during late damage stage under high thrips density (5, 7 per branch). And for I-1clones, H2O2 content and O2·- generation rate tended to increase, while OH· concentration increased firstly on the first day of damage, decreased on the second day and then increased again on the third day of damage. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased under different thrips density for both of R-1 and I-1 clones, and increment of MDA and population density had significant positive correlation. MDA increment of I-1 were obviously higher than that of R-1. So, R-1 showed resistance on thrips because it had stronger capability in eliminating reactive oxygen species and keeping at a low level, while I-1 belonged to susceptible variety due to an imbalanced reactive oxygen metabolism, and accompanied with a more severe lipid peroxidation.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1955-1960. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1955
A field experiment was conducted from 2009 to 2011 to investigate the regulatory effects of nitrogen forms on grain nucleic acid metabolism and quality of strong gluten wheat variety Zhengmai 9023 and to screen optimal nitrogen form for high grain quality of this variety. The results showed that application with the nitrate nitrogen had the highest promoting effects on the total nucleic acid content, DNA and RNA content, and the basal metabolism in grains. Nitrate nitrogen treatment significantly enhanced the soluble protein content in grains of Zhengmai 9023 during later grain filling period, and improved the synthesis of protein, the content of globulin and glutamine, and glutenin/gliadin ratio, thus leading to stronger flour extensograph and farinograph characteristics, and higher grain qualities. Application with ammonium nitrogen also could improve the extensograph and farinograph characteristics of Zhengmai 9023.
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J4. 2013, 27(12): 1961-1967. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.12.1961
A hybridoma cell line (9H9) secreting a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against fluoroquinolone were developed by fusing mouse myeloma cells (SP2/0) with spleen cells from BALB/C mouse immunized by ciprofloxacin (CIP) conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and selecting hybridoma cell and cloning cell. Monoclonal antibody from the mouse ascites was prepared using the hybridoma cell. The MAb can specifically react with ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, danofloxain, norfloxacin, enoxacin, marbofloxacin, lomefloxacin, sarafloxacin and difloxacin, and its 50% maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for them were 3.21, 3.01, 8.15, 4.85, 7.75, 3.70, 9.83, 6.21, 11.62, and 200.70 ng·mL-1, respectively. Using the MAb, an indirect competitive ELISA (CI-ELISA) and a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip for fluoroquinolone residue detection in honey, chicken tissues and milk were developed. The developed CI-ELISA for CIP detection show an IC50 of 3.21 ng·mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.42 ng·mL-1 (10% inhibition). The results of spiked and specific analyses demonstrated that the immunochromatographic strip can be applied to screening fluoroquinolone residues in honey, chicken tissues and milk samples. The CIP detection sensitivities of immunochromatographic strips for honey, chicken tissues and milk samples were 5, 20, 30 ng/mL, respectively.
